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Medina-Jiménez BI, Budd GE, Janssen R. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mid-to-late stage spider embryos: new insights into spider development. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:150. [PMID: 38326752 PMCID: PMC10848406 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum represents an emerging new model organism of arthropod evolutionary and developmental (EvoDevo) studies. Recent technical advances have resulted in the first single-cell sequencing (SCS) data on this species allowing deeper insights to be gained into its early development, but mid-to-late stage embryos were not included in these pioneering studies. RESULTS Therefore, we performed SCS on mid-to-late stage embryos of Parasteatoda and characterized resulting cell clusters by means of in-silico analysis (comparison of key markers of each cluster with previously published information on these genes). In-silico prediction of the nature of each cluster was then tested/verified by means of additional in-situ hybridization experiments with additional markers of each cluster. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that SCS data reliably group cells with similar genetic fingerprints into more or less distinct clusters, and thus allows identification of developing cell types on a broader level, such as the distinction of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal cell lineages, as well as the identification of distinct developing tissues such as subtypes of nervous tissue cells, the developing heart, or the ventral sulcus (VS). In comparison with recent other SCS studies on the same species, our data represent later developmental stages, and thus provide insights into different stages of developing cell types and tissues such as differentiating neurons and the VS that are only present at these later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda I Medina-Jiménez
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Feng L, Shu HP, Sun LL, Tu YC, Liao QQ, Yao LJ. Role of the SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway in renal pathophysiology and various renal diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1226341. [PMID: 37497439 PMCID: PMC10366692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1226341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SLIT ligand and its receptor ROBO were initially recognized for their role in axon guidance in central nervous system development. In recent years, as research has advanced, the role of the SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway has gradually expanded from axonal repulsion to cell migration, tumor development, angiogenesis, and bone metabolism. As a secreted protein, SLIT regulates various pathophysiological processes in the kidney, such as proinflammatory responses and fibrosis progression. Many studies have shown that SLIT-ROBO is extensively involved in various aspects of kidney development and maintenance of structure and function. The SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway also plays an important role in different types of kidney disease. This article reviews the advances in the study of the SLIT-ROBO pathway in various renal pathophysiological and kidney disorders and proposes new directions for further research in this field.
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Godini R, Fallahi H, Pocock R. The regulatory landscape of neurite development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974208. [PMID: 36090252 PMCID: PMC9453034 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal communication requires precise connectivity of neurite projections (axons and dendrites). Developing neurites express cell-surface receptors that interpret extracellular cues to enable correct guidance toward, and connection with, target cells. Spatiotemporal regulation of neurite guidance molecule expression by transcription factors (TFs) is critical for nervous system development and function. Here, we review how neurite development is regulated by TFs in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system. By collecting publicly available transcriptome and ChIP-sequencing data, we reveal gene expression dynamics during neurite development, providing insight into transcriptional mechanisms governing construction of the nervous system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Godini
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rasoul Godini,
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Roger Pocock,
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4
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Yin C, Peterman E, Rasmussen JP, Parrish JZ. Transparent Touch: Insights From Model Systems on Epidermal Control of Somatosensory Innervation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:680345. [PMID: 34135734 PMCID: PMC8200473 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.680345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons (SSNs) densely innervate our largest organ, the skin, and shape our experience of the world, mediating responses to sensory stimuli including touch, pressure, and temperature. Historically, epidermal contributions to somatosensation, including roles in shaping innervation patterns and responses to sensory stimuli, have been understudied. However, recent work demonstrates that epidermal signals dictate patterns of SSN skin innervation through a variety of mechanisms including targeting afferents to the epidermis, providing instructive cues for branching morphogenesis, growth control and structural stability of neurites, and facilitating neurite-neurite interactions. Here, we focus onstudies conducted in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and zebrafish (Danio rerio): prominent model systems in which anatomical and genetic analyses have defined fundamental principles by which epidermal cells govern SSN development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay Z. Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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5
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Parallel Rap1>RalGEF>Ral and Ras signals sculpt the C. elegans nervous system. Dev Biol 2021; 477:37-48. [PMID: 33991533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ras is the most commonly mutated oncogene in humans and uses three oncogenic effectors: Raf, PI3K, and RalGEF activation of Ral. Understanding the importance of RalGEF>Ral signaling in cancer is hampered by the paucity of knowledge about their function in animal development, particularly in cell movements. We found that mutations that disrupt function of RalGEF or Ral enhance migration phenotypes of mutants for genes with established roles in cell migration. We used as a model the migration of the canal associated neurons (CANs), and validated our results in HSN cell migration, neurite guidance, and general animal locomotion. These functions of RalGEF and Ral are specific to their control of Ral signaling output rather than other published functions of these proteins. In this capacity Ral functions cell autonomously as a permissive developmental signal. In contrast, we observed Ras, the canonical activator of RalGEF>Ral signaling in cancer, to function as an instructive signal. Furthermore, we unexpectedly identified a function for the close Ras relative, Rap1, consistent with activation of RalGEF>Ral. These studies define functions of RalGEF>Ral, Rap1 and Ras signaling in morphogenetic processes that fashion the nervous system. We have also defined a model for studying how small GTPases partner with downstream effectors. Taken together, this analysis defines novel molecules and relationships in signaling networks that control cell movements during development of the nervous system.
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Jahan I, Kersigo J, Elliott KL, Fritzsch B. Smoothened overexpression causes trochlear motoneurons to reroute and innervate ipsilateral eyes. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:59-72. [PMID: 33409653 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The trochlear projection is unique among the cranial nerves in that it exits the midbrain dorsally to innervate the contralateral superior oblique muscle in all vertebrates. Trochlear as well as oculomotor motoneurons uniquely depend upon Phox2a and Wnt1, both of which are downstream of Lmx1b, though why trochlear motoneurons display such unusual projections is not fully known. We used Pax2-cre to drive expression of ectopically activated Smoothened (SmoM2) dorsally in the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. We documented the expansion of oculomotor and trochlear motoneurons using Phox2a as a specific marker at E9.5. We show that the initial expansion follows a demise of these neurons by E14.5. Furthermore, SmoM2 expression leads to a ventral exit and ipsilateral projection of trochlear motoneurons. We compare that data with Unc5c mutants that shows a variable ipsilateral number of trochlear fibers that exit dorsal. Our data suggest that Shh signaling is involved in trochlear motoneuron projections and that the deflected trochlear projections after SmoM2 expression is likely due to the dorsal expression of Gli1, which impedes the normal dorsal trajectory of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Kersigo
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Sherry T, Nicholas HR, Pocock R. CWN-2/Wnt regulates SMDD axonal development. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000337. [PMID: 33274317 PMCID: PMC7704247 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Pocock
- Monash University,
Correspondence to: Roger Pocock ()
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Wnt Signaling Regulates Ipsilateral Pathfinding in the Zebrafish Forebrain through slit3. Neuroscience 2020; 449:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cravo J, van den Heuvel S. Tissue polarity and PCP protein function: C. elegans as an emerging model. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:159-167. [PMID: 31884395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polarity is the basis for the generation of cell diversity, as well as the organization, morphogenesis, and functioning of tissues. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have provided much insight into PAR-protein mediated polarity; however, the molecules and mechanisms critical for cell polarization within the plane of epithelia have been identified in other systems. Tissue polarity in C. elegans is organized by Wnt-signaling with some resemblance to the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, but lacking core PCP protein functions. Nonetheless, recent studies revealed that conserved PCP proteins regulate directed cell migratory events in C. elegans, such as convergent extension movements and neurite formation and guidance. Here, we discuss the latest insights and use of C. elegans as a PCP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cravo
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander van den Heuvel
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Jiang Z, Liang G, Xiao Y, Qin T, Chen X, Wu E, Ma Q, Wang Z. Targeting the SLIT/ROBO pathway in tumor progression: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919855238. [PMID: 31217826 PMCID: PMC6557020 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919855238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLITs (SLIT1, SLIT2, and SLIT3) are a family of secreted proteins that mediate positional interactions between cells and their environment during development by signaling through ROBO receptors (ROBO1, ROBO2, ROBO3, and ROBO4). The SLIT/ROBO signaling pathway has been shown to participate in axonal repulsion, axon guidance, and neuronal migration in the nervous system and the formation of the vascular system. However, the role of the SLIT/ROBO pathway has not been thoroughly clarified in tumor development. The SLIT/ROBO pathway can produce both beneficial and detrimental effects in the growth of malignant cells. It has been confirmed that SLIT/ROBO play contradictory roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the tumor promotion and tumor suppression roles of the SLIT/ROBO pathway in tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these roles will help us develop more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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