1
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Salazar BM, Ohi R. Antiparallel microtubule bundling supports KIF15-driven mitotic spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar84. [PMID: 38598297 PMCID: PMC11238081 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The spindle is a bipolar microtubule-based machine that is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation. Spindle bipolarity is generated by Eg5 (a kinesin-5), a conserved motor that drives spindle assembly by localizing to and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules. In the presence of Eg5 inhibitors (K5Is), KIF15 (a kinesin-12) can promote spindle assembly, resulting in K5I-resistant cells (KIRCs). However, KIF15 is a less potent motor than Eg5, suggesting that other factors may contribute to spindle formation in KIRCs. Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) preferentially bundles antiparallel microtubules, and we previously showed that PRC1 promotes KIF15-microtubule binding, leading us to hypothesize that PRC1 may enhance KIF15 activity in KIRCs. Here, we demonstrate that: 1) loss of PRC1 in KIRCs decreases spindle bipolarity, 2) overexpression of PRC1 increases spindle formation efficiency in KIRCs, 3) overexpression of PRC1 protects K5I naïve cells against the K5I S-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC), and 4) PRC1 overexpression promotes the establishment of K5I resistance. These effects are not fully reproduced by a TPX2, a microtubule bundler with no known preference for microtubule orientation. These results suggest a model wherein PRC1-mediated bundling of microtubules creates a more favorable microtubule architecture for KIF15-driven mitotic spindle assembly in the context of Eg5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. Salazar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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2
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Zhao K, Li X, Feng Y, Wang J, Yao W. The role of kinesin family members in hepatobiliary carcinomas: from bench to bedside. Biomark Res 2024; 12:30. [PMID: 38433242 PMCID: PMC10910842 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a major component of the digestive system malignancies, tumors originating from the hepatic and biliary ducts seriously endanger public health. The kinesins (KIFs) are molecular motors that enable the microtubule-dependent intracellular trafficking necessary for mitosis and meiosis. Normally, the stability of KIFs is essential to maintain cell proliferation and genetic homeostasis. However, aberrant KIFs activity may destroy this dynamic stability, leading to uncontrolled cell division and tumor initiation. In this work, we have made an integral summarization of the specific roles of KIFs in hepatocellular and biliary duct carcinogenesis, referring to aberrant signal transduction and the potential for prognostic evaluation. Additionally, current clinical applications of KIFs-targeted inhibitors have also been discussed, including their efficacy advantages, relationship with drug sensitivity or resistance, the feasibility of combination chemotherapy or other targeted agents, as well as the corresponding clinical trials. In conclusion, the abnormally activated KIFs participate in the regulation of tumor progression via a diverse range of mechanisms and are closely associated with tumor prognosis. Meanwhile, KIFs-aimed inhibitors also carry out a promising tumor-targeted therapeutic strategy that deserves to be further investigated in hepatobiliary carcinoma (HBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxiang Feng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Affiliated Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, 430064, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Nejabat M, Hadizadeh F, Sahebkar A. The Application of Kinesin Inhibitors in Medical Issues. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:370-378. [PMID: 38275041 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328277623231204064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Kinesins are a group of motor proteins in charge of several crucial functions in the cell. These proteins often bind to microtubules and perform their functions using the energy produced by ATP hydrolysis. One function of mitotic kinesin, a subclass of kinesin that is expressed during cell division at the mitotic phase, is to create the mitotic spindle. Uncontrolled cell growth is one trait of cancerous cells. Traditional anticancer medications still used in clinics include taxanes (paclitaxel) and vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), which interfere with microtubule dynamics. However, because non-dividing cells like post-mitotic neurons contain microtubules, unwanted side effects like peripheral neuropathy are frequently found in patients taking these medications. More than ten members of the mitotic kinesin family play distinct or complementary roles during mitosis. The mitotic kinesin family's KSP, or Eg5, is regarded as its most dramatic target protein. The current work systematically reviews the use of kinesin inhibitors in the medical field. The challenges of KSP and the practical solutions are also examined, and the outcomes of the previous works are reported. The significant gaps and shortcomings of the related works are also highlighted, which can be an onset topic for future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Turaga SM, Vishwakarma V, Hembruff SL, Gibbs BK, Sabu P, Puri RV, Pathak HB, Samuel G, Godwin AK. Inducing Mitotic Catastrophe as a Therapeutic Approach to Improve Outcomes in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4911. [PMID: 37894278 PMCID: PMC10605681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the bone and soft tissues in need of novel therapeutic options. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we focused on essential biological pathways that are upregulated by EWS-FLI1, the primary oncogenic driver of EWS, including mitotic proteins such as Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) and its binding partner, targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2). KIF15/TPX2 cooperates with KIF11, a key mitotic kinesin essential for mitotic spindle orientation. Given the lack of clinical-grade KIF15/TPX2 inhibitors, we chose to target KIF11 (using SB-743921) in combination with AURKA (using VIC-1911) given that phosphorylation of KIF15S1169 by Aurora A is required for its targeting to the spindle. In vitro, the drug combination demonstrated strong synergy (Bliss score ≥ 10) at nanomolar doses. Colony formation assay revealed significant reduction in plating efficiency (1-3%) and increased percentage accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase with the combination treatment (45-52%) upon cell cycle analysis, indicating mitotic arrest. In vivo studies in EWS xenograft mouse models showed significant tumor reduction and overall effectiveness: drug combination vs. vehicle control (p ≤ 0.01), SB-743921 (p ≤ 0.01) and VIC-1911 (p ≤ 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated superior overall survival with the combination compared to vehicle or monotherapy arms (p ≤ 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya M. Turaga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Vikalp Vishwakarma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Stacey L. Hembruff
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Benjamin K. Gibbs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Priya Sabu
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rajni V. Puri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Harsh B. Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Glenson Samuel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Bi H, Hou X, Shen Q, Liu Z, Zhu X, Ma L, Lu J. Knockdown of KIF15 suppresses proliferation of prostate cancer cells and induces apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:326. [PMID: 37658042 PMCID: PMC10474048 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men, which has been considered a public health threat. KIF15 is a kind of driver protein, and its abnormal expression is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. The purpose of the study was to explore the significance and role of KIF15 in prostate cancer and to show some potential value for prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that KIF15 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues, which was also positively correlated with T Infiltrate. The loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays based on prostate cancer cells indicated that the change in KIF15 expression could significantly affect cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, and cell apoptosis. The inhibition of prostate cancer development by KIF15 knockdown was also assured in vivo. The Human Apoptosis Antibody Array showed that CD40L, cytoC, DR6, and p21 were up-regulated upon KIF15 knockdown, while IGF-I and Survivin were down-regulated. Moreover, the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the KIF15-mediated regulation of prostate cancer was preliminarily proved. In summary, KIF15 was identified to play an important role in the development or biological progress of prostate cancer and is considered to possess the potential to be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenan Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Xie P. Molecular mechanism of interaction between kinesin motors affecting their residence times on microtubule lattice and end. J Theor Biol 2023; 571:111556. [PMID: 37301429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin superfamily can be classified into 14 subfamilies. Some families of kinesin motors such as kinesin-1 are responsible for long-distance intracellular transports and thus the motors are required to reside on the microtubule (MT) lattice for a longer time than at the end. Some families such as kinesin-8 Kip3 and kinesin-5 Eg5 are responsible for the regulation of MT length by depolymerizing or polymerizing the MT from the plus end and thus the motors are required to reside at the MT end for a long time. Under the crowded condition of the motors, it was found experimentally that the residence times of the kinesin-8 Kip3 and kinesin-5 Eg5 at the MT end are reduced greatly compared to the single-motor case. However, the underlying mechanism of different families of kinesin motors having different MT-end residence times is unknown. The molecular mechanism by which the interaction between the two motors greatly reduces the residence time of the motor at the MT end is elusive. In addition, during the processive stepping on the MT lattice, when two kinesin motors meet it is unknown how the interaction between them affects their dissociation rates. To address the above unclear issues, here we make a consistent and theoretical study of the residence times of the kinesin-1, kinesin-8 Kip3 and kinesin-5 Eg5 motors on the MT lattice and at the end under both the single-motor condition and multiple-motors or crowded condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
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7
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Lu S, Liu Y, Tian S, He Y, Dong W. KIFC3 regulates progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via EMT and the AKT/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113564. [PMID: 36948354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite an overall downward trend in cancer mortality, HCC-related mortality continues to increase. KIFC3 is involved in cell division and cancers. However, the role of KIFC3 in HCC has yet to be elucidated. METHODS A total of 36 cases of HCC tissues, 4 HCC cell lines, and TCGA databases were searched to explore the expression of KIFC3 in HCC. Subsequently, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, bioinformatic analysis, molecular docking, and Co-IP were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of KIFC3 in HCC. RESULT We found that the expression of KIFC3 was upregulated in HCC, and high KIFC3 expression was related to poor overall survival. In addition, the knockdown of KIFC3 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, and impeded the growth of HCC in vivo, while overexpression of KIFC3 in HCC cells revealed the opposite effect. Mechanistically, KIFC3 promotes the progression of HCC through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling. And KIFC3 had slight effect on the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in TRIP13-ablated or LY294002-treated HCC cells. The KIFC3 knockdown could further enhance the inhibitory effect of LY294002. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that KIFC3 is upregulated in HCC and may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting survival in HCC patients. Targeting KIFC3 may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Sun RF, He N, Zhang GY, Yu ZY, Li LS, Ma ZJ, Jiao ZY. Combined Inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 as an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:293-306. [PMID: 35713129 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220616122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC). KIF15 cooperates with KIF11 to promote bipolar spindle assembly and formation, which is essential for proper sister chromatid segregation. Therefore, we speculated that the combined inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective strategy for GC treatment. Hence, to test this hypothesis, we aimed to evaluate the combined therapeutic effect of KIF15 inhibitor KIF15- IN-1 and KIF11 inhibitor ispinesib in GC. METHODS We validated the expression of KIF11 and KIF15 in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Next, we determined the effects of KIF11 or KIF15 knockout on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Finally, we investigated the combined effects of the KIF11 and KIF15 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KIF11 and KIF15 were overexpressed in GC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Knockout of either KIF11 or KIF15 inhibited the proliferative and clonogenic abilities of GC cells. We found that the KIF15 knockout significantly increased ispinesib sensitivity in GC cells, while its overexpression showed the opposite effect. Further, using KIF15-IN-1 and ispinesib together had a synergistic effect on the antitumor proliferation of GC both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the combination therapy of inhibiting KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Shun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Solon AL, Zaniewski TM, O’Brien P, Clasby M, Hancock WO, Ohi R. Synergy between inhibitors of two mitotic spindle assembly motors undermines an adaptive response. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar132. [PMID: 36200902 PMCID: PMC9727797 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is the cellular process that ensures accurate segregation of the cell's genetic material into two daughter cells. Mitosis is often deregulated in cancer; thus drugs that target mitosis-specific proteins represent attractive targets for anticancer therapy. Numerous inhibitors have been developed against kinesin-5 Eg5, a kinesin essential for bipolar spindle assembly. Unfortunately, Eg5 inhibitors (K5Is) have been largely ineffective in the clinic, possibly due to the activity of a second kinesin, KIF15, that can suppress the cytotoxic effect of K5Is by driving spindle assembly through an Eg5-independent pathway. We hypothesized that pairing of K5Is with small molecule inhibitors of KIF15 will be more cytotoxic than either inhibitor alone. Here we present the results of a high-throughput screen from which we identified two inhibitors that inhibit the motor activity of KIF15 both in vitro and in cells. These inhibitors selectively inhibit KIF15 over other molecular motors and differentially affect the ability of KIF15 to bind microtubules. Finally, we find that chemical inhibition of KIF15 reduces the ability of cells to acquire resistance to K5Is, highlighting the centrality of KIF15 to K5I resistance and the value of these inhibitors as tools with which to study KIF15 in a physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Solon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Taylor M. Zaniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Patrick O’Brien
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Martin Clasby
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William O. Hancock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,*Address correspondence to: Ryoma Ohi ()
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10
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Kinesin spindle protein inhibitor exacerbates cisplatin-induced hair cell damage. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Zou YJ, Shan MM, Wan X, Liu JC, Zhang KH, Ju JQ, Xing CH, Sun SC. Kinesin KIF15 regulates tubulin acetylation and spindle assembly checkpoint in mouse oocyte meiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:422. [PMID: 35835966 PMCID: PMC11072983 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics ensure multiple cellular events during oocyte meiosis, which is critical for the fertilization and early embryo development. KIF15 (also termed Hklp2) is a member of kinesin-12 family motor proteins, which participates in Eg5-related bipolar spindle formation in mitosis. In present study, we explored the roles of KIF15 in mouse oocyte meiosis. KIF15 expressed during oocyte maturation and localized with microtubules. Depletion or inhibition of KIF15 disturbed meiotic cell cycle progression, and the oocytes which extruded the first polar body showed a high aneuploidy rate. Further analysis showed that disruption of KIF15 did not affect spindle morphology but resulted in chromosome misalignment. This might be due to the reduced stability of the K-fibers, which further induced the loss of kinetochore-microtubule attachment and activated spindle assembly checkpoint, showing with the failed release of Bub3 and BubR1. Based on mass spectroscopy analysis and coimmunoprecipitation data we showed that KIF15 was responsible for recruiting HDAC6, NAT10 and SIRT2 to maintain the acetylated tubulin level, which further affected tubulin acetylation for microtubule stability. Taken together, these results suggested that KIF15 was essential for the microtubule acetylation and cell cycle control during mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun-Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang D, Povysil G, Kobeissy PH, Li Q, Wang B, Amelotte M, Jaouadi H, Newton CA, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Noth I, Martinez FJ, Raghu G, Todd JL, Palmer SM, Haefliger C, Platt A, Petrovski S, Garcia JA, Goldstein DB, Garcia CK. Rare and Common Variants in KIF15 Contribute to Genetic Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:56-69. [PMID: 35417304 PMCID: PMC9954334 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2439oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Genetic studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have improved our understanding of this disease, but not all causal loci have been identified. Objectives: To identify genes enriched with rare deleterious variants in IPF and familial pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: We performed gene burden analysis of whole-exome data, tested single variants for disease association, conducted KIF15 (kinesin family member 15) functional studies, and examined human lung single-cell RNA sequencing data. Measurements and Main Results: Gene burden analysis of 1,725 cases and 23,509 control subjects identified heterozygous rare deleterious variants in KIF15, a kinesin involved in spindle separation during mitosis, and three telomere-related genes (TERT [telomerase reverse transcriptase], RTEL1 [regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1], and PARN [poly(A)-specific ribonuclease]). KIF15 was implicated in autosomal-dominant models of rare deleterious variants (odds ratio [OR], 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-8.8; P = 2.55 × 10-7) and rare protein-truncating variants (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.3-17.1; P = 8.12 × 10-7). Meta-analyses of the discovery and replication cohorts, including 2,966 cases and 29,817 control subjects, confirm the involvement of KIF15 plus the three telomere-related genes. A common variant within a KIF15 intron (rs74341405; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9; P = 5.63 × 10-10) is associated with IPF risk, confirming a prior report. Lymphoblastoid cells from individuals heterozygous for the common variant have decreased KIF15 and reduced rates of cell growth. Cell proliferation is dependent on KIF15 in the presence of an inhibitor of Eg5/KIF11, which has partially redundant function. KIF15 is expressed specifically in replicating human lung cells and shows diminished expression in replicating epithelial cells of patients with IPF. Conclusions: Both rare deleterious variants and common variants in KIF15 link a nontelomerase pathway of cell proliferation with IPF susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gundula Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Qi Li
- Department of Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Chad A. Newton
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Noth
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Ganesh Raghu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jamie L. Todd
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott M. Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Adam Platt
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, and,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David B. Goldstein
- Department of Medicine and,Institute for Genomic Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christine Kim Garcia
- Department of Medicine and,Institute for Genomic Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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13
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Kenchappa RS, Dovas A, Argenziano MG, Meyer CT, Stopfer LE, Banu MA, Pereira B, Griffith J, Mohammad A, Talele S, Haddock A, Zarco N, Elmquist W, White F, Quaranta V, Sims P, Canoll P, Rosenfeld SS. Activation of STAT3 through combined SRC and EGFR signaling drives resistance to a mitotic kinesin inhibitor in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110991. [PMID: 35732128 PMCID: PMC10018805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin Kif11 are anti-mitotics that, unlike vinca alkaloids or taxanes, do not disrupt microtubules and are not neurotoxic. However, development of resistance has limited their clinical utility. While resistance to Kif11 inhibitors in other cell types is due to mechanisms that prevent these drugs from disrupting mitosis, we find that in glioblastoma (GBM), resistance to the Kif11 inhibitor ispinesib works instead through suppression of apoptosis driven by activation of STAT3. This form of resistance requires dual phosphorylation of STAT3 residues Y705 and S727, mediated by SRC and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), respectively. Simultaneously inhibiting SRC and EGFR reverses this resistance, and combined targeting of these two kinases in vivo with clinically available inhibitors is synergistic and significantly prolongs survival in ispinesib-treated GBM-bearing mice. We thus identify a translationally actionable approach to overcoming Kif11 inhibitor resistance that may work to block STAT3-driven resistance against other anti-cancer therapies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christian T Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E Stopfer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brianna Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jessica Griffith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Afroz Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Surabhi Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ashley Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - William Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Forest White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Zheng S, Tang D, Wang X, Liu C, Zuo N, Yan R, Wu C, Ma J, Wang C, Xu H, He Y, Liu D, Liu S. Kif15 Is Required in the Development of Auditory System Using Zebrafish as a Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:844568. [PMID: 35370541 PMCID: PMC8971910 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.844568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kif15, a kinesin family member, is powerful in the formation of bipolar spindles. There is emerging evidence indicating that Kif15 plays vital roles in influencing the growth of axons and interference with the progression of the tumor. However, the function of Kif15 in the auditory organs remains unknown. The Western blotting test was used to examine the effect of Kif15 downregulation by specific morpholino targeting Kif15 (Kif15-MO). The development of the inner ear and posterior lateral line (PLL) system in zebrafish was under continuous observation from spawns to 96 h postfertilization (hpf) to investigate the potential role of Kif15 in the auditory and vestibular system. We uncovered that Kif15 inhibition induced otic organ deformities in zebrafish, including malformed semicircular canals, abnormal number and location of otoliths, and reduced number of hair cells (HCs) both in utricle and saccule. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction in the number of PLL neuromasts was also explored in Kif15-MO morphants compared to the normal larvae. We also detected notably reduced activity in locomotion after Kif15 was knocked down. Additionally, we performed rescue experiments with co-injection of Kif15 mRNA and found that the Kif15 splicing MO-induced deformities in otic vesicle and PLL of zebrafish were successfully rescued, and the severely reduced locomotor activity caused by Kif15-MO was partially rescued compared to the control-MO (Con-MO) embryos. Our findings uncover that Kif15 is essential in the early development of auditory and vestibular organs using zebrafish as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Renchun Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingzi He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yingzi He,
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Dong Liu, ,
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Shaofeng Liu,
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15
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Xie P. Dynamics of kinesin motor proteins under longitudinal and sideways loads. J Theor Biol 2021; 530:110879. [PMID: 34437882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The available single-molecule data showed that different species of N-terminal kinesin molecular motors have very different features on dependences of run length and dissociation rate upon longitudinal load acting on stalks of the motors. The prior single-molecule data for Loligo pealei kinesin-1 indicated that the sideways load has only a weak effect on the velocity, but even a small sideways load can cause a large reduction in the run length. However, these puzzling experimental data remain to be explained and the underlying physical mechanisms are unclear. Here, based on our proposed model we study analytically the dynamics of the N-terminal kinesin motors such as Loligo pealei kinesin-1, Drosophila kinesin-1, truncated kinesin-5/Eg5, truncated kinesin-12/Kif15, kinesin-2/Kif17 and kinesin-2/Kif3AB dimers under both longitudinal and sideways loads. The theoretical results explain quantitatively the available experimental data and provide predictions. The physical mechanism of different kinesin species showing very different features on the load-dependent dynamics and the physical mechanism of the effect of the sideways load on the dynamics are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Begley MA, Solon AL, Davis EM, Sherrill MG, Ohi R, Elting MW. K-fiber bundles in the mitotic spindle are mechanically reinforced by Kif15. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br11. [PMID: 34668719 PMCID: PMC8694074 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle, a self-constructed microtubule-based machine, segregates chromosomes during cell division. In mammalian cells, microtubule bundles called kinetochore fibers (k-fibers) connect chromosomes to the spindle poles. Chromosome segregation thus depends on the mechanical integrity of k-fibers. Here we investigate the physical and molecular basis of k-fiber bundle cohesion. We detach k-fibers from poles by laser ablation-based cutting, thus revealing the contribution of pole-localized forces to k-fiber cohesion. We then measure the physical response of the remaining kinetochore-bound segments of the k-fibers. We observe that microtubules within ablated k-fibers often splay apart from their minus-ends. Furthermore, we find that minus-end clustering forces induced by ablation seem at least partially responsible for k-fiber splaying. We also investigate the role of the k-fiber-binding kinesin-12 Kif15. We find that pharmacological inhibition of Kif15-microtubule binding reduces the mechanical integrity of k-fibers. In contrast, inhibition of its motor activity but not its microtubule binding ability, i.e., locking Kif15 into a rigor state, does not greatly affect splaying. Altogether, the data suggest that forces holding k-fibers together are of similar magnitude to other spindle forces, and that Kif15, acting as a microtubule cross-linker, helps fortify and repair k-fibers. This feature of Kif15 may help support robust k-fiber function and prevent chromosome segregation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Begley
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - April L Solon
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mary Williard Elting
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.,Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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17
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Qureshi Z, Ahmad M, Yang WX, Tan FQ. Kinesin 12 (KIF15) contributes to the development and tumorigenicity of prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:7-14. [PMID: 34474246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, prostate cancer is becoming a growing concern, impacting both socially and economically, compared with what is seen in western countries. Hence, it is essential to know the mechanisms associated with the development and tumorigenesis of PCa for primary diagnosis, risk management, and development of therapy strategies against PCa. Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15), a kinesin family member, is a plus-end-directed kinesin that functions to form bipolar spindles. There is emerging evidence indicating that KIF15 plays a significant role in several malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. Still, the function of KIF15 remains unclear in prostate cancer. Here, we study the functional importance of KIF15 in the tumorigenesis of PCa. The bioinformatic analysis from PCa patients revealed high KIF15 expression compared to normal prostate tissues. High expression hinting at a possible functional role of KIF15 in regulating cell proliferation of PCa, which was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo assays. Downregulation of KIF15 silenced the expression of CDK2, p-RB, and Cyclin D1 and likewise blocked the cells at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. In addition, KIF15 downregulation inhibited MEK-ERK signaling by significantly silencing p-ERK and p-MEK levels. In conclusion, this study confirmed the functional significance of KIF15 in the growth and development of prostate cancer and could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Qureshi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mashaal Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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18
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Ge W, Chen Y, Guo Y, Zhao D, Mu L, Zhang K, Zhuo W. KIF15 upregulation promotes leiomyosarcoma cell growth via promoting USP15-mediated DEK deubiquitylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 570:117-124. [PMID: 34280614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin Family Member 15 (KIF15) is a plus end-directed microtubule motor, which exerts complex regulations in cancer biology. This study aimed to explore the functional role of KIF15 in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Bioinformatic analysis was carried out using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Sarcoma (SARC). LMS cell lines SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 were used as in vitro cell models. Results showed that LMS patients with high KIF15 expression had significantly worse survival than the low KIF15 expression counterparts. KIF15 knockdown slowed, while KIF15 overexpression increased the proliferation of SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 cells. Co-IP assay confirmed mutual interaction between endogenous KIF15 and DEK (encoded by DEK proto-oncogene). KIF15 knockdown facilitated DEK degradation, while KIF15 overexpression slowed DEK degradation. In ubiquitination assay, a significant increase in DEK polyubiquitylation was observed when KIF15 expression was suppressed. USP15 physically interacted with both DEK and KIF15 in the cells. USP15 knockdown decreased DEK protein stability and canceled KIF15-mediated DEK stabilization. USP15 overexpression enhanced DEK stability, the effect of which was impaired by KIF15 knockdown. USP15 overexpression reduced DEK polyubiquitination. USP15 knockdown increased DEK polyubiquitination and canceled the effect of KIF15 overexpression on reducing DEK polyubiquitination. DEK overexpression enhanced the proliferation of SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 cells. DEK knockdown decreased cell proliferation and canceled the effect of KIF15 overexpression on cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel mechanism that KIF15 enhances LMS cell proliferation via preventing DEK protein from degradation by increasing USP15 mediated deubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ge
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Center of Traumatic Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ling Mu
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wenkun Zhuo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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19
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Hansson K, Radke K, Aaltonen K, Saarela J, Mañas A, Sjölund J, Smith EM, Pietras K, Påhlman S, Wennerberg K, Gisselsson D, Bexell D. Therapeutic targeting of KSP in preclinical models of high-risk neuroblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/562/eaba4434. [PMID: 32967973 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy with often dismal prognosis; relapse is common despite intense treatment. Here, we used human tumor organoids representing multiple MYCN-amplified high-risk neuroblastomas to perform a high-throughput drug screen with approved or emerging oncology drugs. Tumor-selective effects were calculated using drug sensitivity scores. Several drugs with previously unreported anti-neuroblastoma effects were identified by stringent selection criteria. ARRY-520, an inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), was among those causing reduced viability. High expression of the KSP-encoding gene KIF11 was associated with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Genome-scale loss-of-function screens in hundreds of human cancer cell lines across 22 tumor types revealed that KIF11 is particularly important for neuroblastoma cell viability. KSP inhibition in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells resulted in the formation of abnormal monoastral spindles, mitotic arrest, up-regulation of mitosis-associated genes, and apoptosis. In vivo, KSP inhibition caused regression of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma PDX tumors. Furthermore, treatment of mice harboring orthotopic neuroblastoma PDX tumors resulted in increased survival. Our results suggested that KSP inhibition could be a promising treatment strategy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hansson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Radke
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Aaltonen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jani Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adriana Mañas
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma M Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Gisselsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Services, University Hospital, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Pandey H, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Gheber L. Mechanisms by Which Kinesin-5 Motors Perform Their Multiple Intracellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6420. [PMID: 34203964 PMCID: PMC8232732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar kinesin-5 motor proteins perform multiple intracellular functions, mainly during mitotic cell division. Their specialized structural characteristics enable these motors to perform their essential functions by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs). In this review, we discuss the specialized structural features of kinesin-5 motors, and the mechanisms by which these features relate to kinesin-5 functions and motile properties. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of the kinesin-5 motors in dividing as well as in non-dividing cells, and examine their roles in pathogenetic conditions. We describe the recently discovered bidirectional motility in fungi kinesin-5 motors, and discuss its possible physiological relevance. Finally, we also focus on the multiple mechanisms of regulation of these unique motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.P.); (M.P.); (A.G.-L.)
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21
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Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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22
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Gao L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun F, Liu H, Hu J, Wang X, Wang X, Su P, Chen S, Qu S, Shi B, Xiong X, Chen W, Dong X, Han B. KIF15-Mediated Stabilization of AR and AR-V7 Contributes to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:1026-1039. [PMID: 33277366 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The new generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitor enzalutamide can prolong the survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, resistance to enzalutamide inevitably develops in these patients, and the underlying mechanisms of this resistance are not fully defined. Here we demonstrate that the kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) contributes to enzalutamide resistance by enhancing the AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. KIF15 directly bound the N-terminus of AR/AR-V7 and prevented AR/AR-V7 proteins from degradation by increasing the protein association of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) with AR/AR-V7. In turn, the transcriptionally active AR stimulated KIF15 expression. KIF15 inhibitors alone or in combination with enzalutamide significantly suppressed enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell growth and xenograft progression. These findings highlight a key role of KIF15 in enabling prostate cancer cells to develop therapy resistance to enzalutamide and rationalize KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate how reciprocal activation between KIF15 and AR contributes to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer and highlights cotargeting KIF15 and AR as a therapeutic strategy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifeng Qu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Pimm ML, Hotaling J, Henty-Ridilla JL. Profilin choreographs actin and microtubules in cells and cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:155-204. [PMID: 32859370 PMCID: PMC7461721 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actin and microtubules play essential roles in aberrant cell processes that define and converge in cancer including: signaling, morphology, motility, and division. Actin and microtubules do not directly interact, however shared regulators coordinate these polymers. While many of the individual proteins important for regulating and choreographing actin and microtubule behaviors have been identified, the way these molecules collaborate or fail in normal or disease contexts is not fully understood. Decades of research focus on Profilin as a signaling molecule, lipid-binding protein, and canonical regulator of actin assembly. Recent reports demonstrate that Profilin also regulates microtubule dynamics and polymerization. Thus, Profilin can coordinate both actin and microtubule polymer systems. Here we reconsider the biochemical and cellular roles for Profilin with a focus on the essential cytoskeletal-based cell processes that go awry in cancer. We also explore how the use of model organisms has helped to elucidate mechanisms that underlie the regulatory essence of Profilin in vivo and in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Pimm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Hotaling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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Li Q, Qiu J, Yang H, Sun G, Hu Y, Zhu D, Deng Z, Wang X, Tang J, Jiang R. Kinesin family member 15 promotes cancer stem cell phenotype and malignancy via reactive oxygen species imbalance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Farias K, da Costa RF, Meira AS, Diniz-Filho J, Bezerra EM, Freire VN, Guest P, Nikahd M, Ma X, Gardiner MG, Banwell MG, de Oliveira MDCF, de Moraes MO, do Ó Pessoa C. Antitumor Potential of the Isoflavonoids (+)- and (-)-2,3,9-Trimethoxypterocarpan: Mechanism-of-Action Studies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1274-1280. [PMID: 32551011 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetically derived samples of (+)-(6aS,11aS)-2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan [(+)-1] and its enantiomer [(-)-1], both of which are examples of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, were evaluated, together with the corresponding racemate, as cytotoxic agents against the HL-60, HCT-116, OVCAR-8, and SF-295 tumor cell lines. As a result it was established that compound (+)-1 was particularly active with OVCAR-8 cells being the most sensitive and responding in a dose-dependent manner. A study of cell viability and drug-induced morphological changes revealed the compound causes cell death through a mechanism characteristic of apoptosis. Finally, a computational study of the interactions of compound (+)-1 and (S)-monastrol, an established, synthetically derived, potent, and cell-permeant inhibitor of mitosis, with the kinesin-type protein Eg5 revealed that both bind to this receptor in a similar manner. Significantly, compound (+)-1 binds with greater affinity, an effect attributed to the presence of the associated methoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Farias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Roner F. da Costa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region - UFERSA, Mossoró - RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Assuero S. Meira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jairo Diniz-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Eveline M. Bezerra
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region - UFERSA, Mossoró - RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department of Physics, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Prue Guest
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Maryam Nikahd
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maria da C. F. de Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Manoel O. de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
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Li TF, Zeng HJ, Shan Z, Ye RY, Cheang TY, Zhang YJ, Lu SH, Zhang Q, Shao N, Lin Y. Overexpression of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32322170 PMCID: PMC7161125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin superfamily (KIFs) has a long-reported significant influence on the initiation, development, and progress of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of whole family members was poorly done. Our study intends to demonstrate the value of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers as well as a therapeutic target of breast cancer. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were done using data from TCGA, GEO, METABRIC, and GTEx. LASSO regression was done to select tumor-related members. Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Expression profiles were testified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor, GO and KEGG enrichments were done to explore regulatory mechanism and functions. RESULTS A total of 20 differentially expressed KIFs were identified between breast cancer and normal tissue with 4 (KIF17, KIF26A, KIF7, KIFC3) downregulated and 16 (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF26B, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF4A, KIFC1) overexpressed. Among which, 11 overexpressed KIFs (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF23, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIFC1) significantly correlated with worse OS, relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer. A 6-KIFs-based risk score (KIF10, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF4A) was generated by LASSO regression with a nomogram validated an accurate predictive efficacy. Both mRNA and protein expression of KIFs are experimentally demonstrated upregulated in breast cancer patients. Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) was identified as transcription factors of KIFs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed functions and pathways affected in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Overexpression of tumor-related KIFs correlate with worse outcomes of breast cancer patients and can work as potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Hui-Juan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Run-Yi Ye
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Hong Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Ding L, Li B, Yu X, Li Z, Li X, Dang S, Lv Q, Wei J, Sun H, Chen H, Liu M, Li G. KIF15 facilitates gastric cancer via enhancing proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and predict poor prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:125. [PMID: 32322172 PMCID: PMC7160940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) can transport membranous organelles and protein complexes in an ATP-dependent manner. Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is overexpressed in various cancers. However, the function of KIF15 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Methods GC patients’ data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The expression of KIF15 was examined in GC and paracarcinoma tissues from 41 patients to verify the analysis results. The relationship between KIF15 expression and clinical characteristics were also observed by bioinformatics methods. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of 122 GC patients in our hospital was performed to explore the relationship between KIF15 expression levels and GC patients’ prognosis. KIF15 was downregulated in GC cell lines AGS and SGC-7901 by transfecting a lentivirus-mediated shRNA plasmid targeting KIF15. In vitro, GC cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Annexin V-APC staining. In vivo, xenograft experiments were used to verify the in vitro results. Furthermore, Human Apoptosis Antibody Array kit was used to screen possible targets of KIF15 in GC cell lines. Results The bioinformatics results showed that KIF15 expression levels were higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues. IHC showed same results. High expression of KIF15 was statistical correlated with high age and early histologic stage. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that high KIF15 expression predict poor prognosis in patients with GC. MTT assay and colony formation assay showed that KIF15 promote GC cell proliferation. Annexin V-APC staining found that KIF15 can inhibit GC cell apoptosis. Xenograft experiments reveal that downregulating KIF15 can inhibit GC tumor growth and promote GC apoptosis. Through detection of 43 anti-apoptotic proteins by the Human Apoptosis Antibody Array kit, it was confirmed that knocking down KIF15 can reduce seven anti-apoptotic proteins expression. Conclusions Taken together, our study revealed a critical role for KIF15 to inhibit GC cell apoptosis and promote GC cell proliferation. KIF15 may decrease anti-apoptotic proteins expression by regulating apoptosis pathways. High expression of KIF15 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with GC. KIF15 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Ding
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bin Li
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xinglong Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shuwei Dang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Qiang Lv
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jiufeng Wei
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Haixia Sun
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ming Liu
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Guodong Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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KIF15 Promotes Proliferation and Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:6403012. [PMID: 32318326 PMCID: PMC7157793 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6403012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is thought as the most common human malignancy worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for nearly 90% liver cancer. Due to its poor early diagnosis and limited treatment, HCC has therefore become the most lethal malignant cancers in the world. Recently, molecular targeted therapies showed great promise in the treatment of HCC, and novel molecular therapeutic targets is urgently needed. KIF15 is a microtubule-dependent motor protein involved in multiple cell processes, such as cell division. Additionally, KIF15 has been reported to participate in the growth of various types of tumors; however, the relation between KIF15 and HCC is unclear. Herein, our study investigated the possible role of KIF15 on the progression of HCC and found that KIF15 has high expression in tumor samples from HCC patients. KIF15 could play a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation of HCC, which was proved by in vitro and in vivo assays. In conclusion, this study confirmed that KIF15 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Wang Q, Han B, Huang W, Qi C, Liu F. Identification of KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor for glioma. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1035-1044. [PMID: 32323839 PMCID: PMC7057805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary intracranial malignant tumor with rapid growth, easy recurrence and thus poor prognosis. In the present study, the role of kinesin‑12 (KIF15) in glioma was revealed. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the protein expression. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis was utilized to assess cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. A mouse xenograft model was constructed for in vivo study. The results indicated that KIF15 was significantly upregulated in glioma tumor tissues and positively correlated with pathological staging, recurrence risk and poor prognosis. Silencing of KIF15 could inhibit cell proliferation and stemness of glioma cells, arrest cells in the G2 phase and induce cell apoptosis. The in vivo study verified the inhibitory effect of KIF15 knockdown on tumor growth. The mechanism study demonstrated the regulation of apoptosis‑ and cycle‑related proteins in the KIF15 KD‑induced inhibition of glioma. KIF15 was revealed to function as a tumor promoter in the development and progression of glioma. KIF15 also served as a prognostic indicator for glioma and may be a therapeutic target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Department of Central Lab, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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KSP siRNA/paclitaxel-loaded PEGylated cationic liposomes for overcoming resistance to KSP inhibitors: Synergistic antitumor effects in drug-resistant ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2020; 321:184-197. [PMID: 32035195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising anticancer effects of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibition, functional plasticity of kinesins induced resistance against KSP inhibitors in a variety of cancers, leading to clinical failure. Additionally, paclitaxel is a widely used anticancer agent, but drug resistance has limited its use in the recurrent cancers. To overcome resistance against KSP inhibitors, we paired KSP inhibition with microtubule stabilization using KSP siRNA and paclitaxel. To enable temporal co-localization of both drugs in tumor cells in vivo, we exploited PEGylated cationic liposomes carrying both simultaneously. Drug synergism study shows that resistance against KSP inhibition can be suppressed by the action of microtubule-stabilizing paclitaxel, because microtubule stabilization prevents a different kinesin Kif15 from replacing all essential functions of KSP when KSP is inhibited. Our combination therapy showed more effective antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo than either paclitaxel or KSP siRNA alone. Ultimately, we could observe significantly improved therapeutic effects in the drug-resistant in vivo models, including cell line and patient-derived xenografts. Taken together, our combination therapy provides a potential anticancer strategy to overcome resistance against KSP inhibitors. Particularly, this strategy also provides an efficient approach to improve the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel in the drug-resistant cancers.
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Terribas E, Fernández M, Mazuelas H, Fernández-Rodríguez J, Biayna J, Blanco I, Bernal G, Ramos-Oliver I, Thomas C, Guha R, Zhang X, Gel B, Romagosa C, Ferrer M, Lázaro C, Serra E. KIF11 and KIF15 mitotic kinesins are potential therapeutic vulnerabilities for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:i62-i74. [PMID: 32642733 PMCID: PMC7317059 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) constitutes the leading cause of neurofibromatosis type 1–related mortality. MPNSTs contain highly rearranged hyperploid genomes and exhibit a high division rate and aggressiveness. We have studied in vitro whether the mitotic kinesins KIF11, KIF15, and KIF23 have a functional role in maintaining MPNST cell survival and can represent potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods We studied the expression of kinesin mRNAs and proteins in tumors and cell lines and used several in vitro functional assays to analyze the impact of kinesin genetic suppression (KIF15, KIF23) and drug inhibition (KIF11) in MPNST cells. We also performed in vitro combined treatments targeting KIF11 together with other described MPNST targets. Results The studied kinesins were overexpressed in MPNST samples. KIF15 and KIF23 were required for the survival of MPNST cell lines, which were also more sensitive than benign control fibroblasts to the KIF11 inhibitors ispinesib and ARRY-520. Co-targeting KIF11 and BRD4 with ARRY-520 and JQ1 reduced MPNST cell viability, synergistically killing a much higher proportion of MPNST cells than control fibroblasts. In addition, genetic suppression of KIF15 conferred an increased sensitivity to KIF11 inhibitors alone or in combination with JQ1. Conclusions The mitotic spindle kinesins KIF11 and KIF15 and the cytokinetic kinesin KIF23 play a clear role in maintaining MPNST cell survival and may represent potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. Although further in vivo evidences are still mandatory, we propose a simultaneous suppression of KIF11, KIF15, and BRD4 as a potential therapy for MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Terribas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Fernández
- Cytometry Core Facility, Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Mazuelas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Biayna
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Bernal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Ramos-Oliver
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Craig Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajiv Guha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernat Gel
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cleofé Romagosa
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Serra
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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KIF15 plays a role in promoting the tumorigenicity of melanoma. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sebastian J, Rathinasamy K. Benserazide Perturbs Kif15‐kinesin Binding Protein Interaction with Prolonged Metaphase and Defects in Chromosomal Congression: A Study Based on
in silico
Modeling and Cell Culture. Mol Inform 2019; 39:e1900035. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomon Sebastian
- School of BiotechnologyNational Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut-673601 India
| | - Krishnan Rathinasamy
- School of BiotechnologyNational Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut-673601 India
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Jin Q, Dai Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Liu G. High kinesin family member 11 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:354-362. [PMID: 30819726 PMCID: PMC6580793 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims Kinesin family member 11 (Kif11) is a member of the kinesin family motor proteins, which is associated with spindle formation and tumour genesis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Kif11 expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) development. Methods The relationship between Kif11 expression and CCRCC development was analysed by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses, and tissue immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of Kif11 expression was explored by univariable and multivariable survival analyses of 143 included patients. Furthermore, SB743921 was used as a specific Kif11 inhibitor to treat 786-O cells with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process analysed by qRT-PCR, and cell survival rates analysed with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometric analyses. Disease-free survival curves of Kif11 with different cancers and the relationships between Kif11 and the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumour suppressor gene (VHL), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in kidney cancer were further analysed using the GEPIA database. Results The levels of Kif11 mRNA were significantly higher in CCRCC tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of Kif11 protein was significantly associated with clinicopathologial parameters, including nuclear grade and TNM stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that high Kif11 expression, nuclear grade and TNM stage were independent factors to predict poor prognosis in patients with CCRCC. In addition, inhibition of Kif11 expression by SB743921 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and the EMT process with increased apoptosis rate. Conclusions These results combined with bioinformation analyses suggest that high Kif11 expression was associated with unfavourable prognosis in CCRCC and could be used as a potential prognostic marker in the clinical diagnosis of CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Biological Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Biological Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, China
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35
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Ghosal S, Zheng B, Chapman SC, Potgieter AB, Jordan DR, Wang X, Singh AK, Singh A, Hirafuji M, Ninomiya S, Ganapathysubramanian B, Sarkar S, Guo W. A Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Framework for Sorghum Head Detection and Counting. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:1525874. [PMID: 33313521 PMCID: PMC7706102 DOI: 10.34133/2019/1525874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The yield of cereal crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) depends on the distribution of crop-heads in varying branching arrangements. Therefore, counting the head number per unit area is critical for plant breeders to correlate with the genotypic variation in a specific breeding field. However, measuring such phenotypic traits manually is an extremely labor-intensive process and suffers from low efficiency and human errors. Moreover, the process is almost infeasible for large-scale breeding plantations or experiments. Machine learning-based approaches like deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based object detectors are promising tools for efficient object detection and counting. However, a significant limitation of such deep learning-based approaches is that they typically require a massive amount of hand-labeled images for training, which is still a tedious process. Here, we propose an active learning inspired weakly supervised deep learning framework for sorghum head detection and counting from UAV-based images. We demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce human labeling effort without compromising final model performance (R 2 between human count and machine count is 0.88) by using a semitrained CNN model (i.e., trained with limited labeled data) to perform synthetic annotation. In addition, we also visualize key features that the network learns. This improves trustworthiness by enabling users to better understand and trust the decisions that the trained deep learning model makes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Ghosal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott C. Chapman
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Andries B. Potgieter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - David R. Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Masayuki Hirafuji
- International Field Phenomics Research Laboratory, Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ninomiya
- International Field Phenomics Research Laboratory, Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Soumik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- International Field Phenomics Research Laboratory, Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Mann BJ, Wadsworth P. Kinesin-5 Regulation and Function in Mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Toda Y, Okura F. How Convolutional Neural Networks Diagnose Plant Disease. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:9237136. [PMID: 33313540 PMCID: PMC7706313 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9237136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has achieved great success in the classification of various plant diseases. However, a limited number of studies have elucidated the process of inference, leaving it as an untouchable black box. Revealing the CNN to extract the learned feature as an interpretable form not only ensures its reliability but also enables the validation of the model authenticity and the training dataset by human intervention. In this study, a variety of neuron-wise and layer-wise visualization methods were applied using a CNN, trained with a publicly available plant disease image dataset. We showed that neural networks can capture the colors and textures of lesions specific to respective diseases upon diagnosis, which resembles human decision-making. While several visualization methods were used as they are, others had to be optimized to target a specific layer that fully captures the features to generate consequential outputs. Moreover, by interpreting the generated attention maps, we identified several layers that were not contributing to inference and removed such layers inside the network, decreasing the number of parameters by 75% without affecting the classification accuracy. The results provide an impetus for the CNN black box users in the field of plant science to better understand the diagnosis process and lead to further efficient use of deep learning for plant disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Toda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fumio Okura
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Media, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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38
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Toda Y, Okura F. How Convolutional Neural Networks Diagnose Plant Disease. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019. [PMID: 33313540 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9237136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has achieved great success in the classification of various plant diseases. However, a limited number of studies have elucidated the process of inference, leaving it as an untouchable black box. Revealing the CNN to extract the learned feature as an interpretable form not only ensures its reliability but also enables the validation of the model authenticity and the training dataset by human intervention. In this study, a variety of neuron-wise and layer-wise visualization methods were applied using a CNN, trained with a publicly available plant disease image dataset. We showed that neural networks can capture the colors and textures of lesions specific to respective diseases upon diagnosis, which resembles human decision-making. While several visualization methods were used as they are, others had to be optimized to target a specific layer that fully captures the features to generate consequential outputs. Moreover, by interpreting the generated attention maps, we identified several layers that were not contributing to inference and removed such layers inside the network, decreasing the number of parameters by 75% without affecting the classification accuracy. The results provide an impetus for the CNN black box users in the field of plant science to better understand the diagnosis process and lead to further efficient use of deep learning for plant disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Toda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fumio Okura
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Media, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Dumas ME, Chen GY, Kendrick ND, Xu G, Larsen SD, Jana S, Waterson AG, Bauer JA, Hancock W, Sulikowski GA, Ohi R. Dual inhibition of Kif15 by oxindole and quinazolinedione chemical probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:148-154. [PMID: 30528696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a microtubule-based machine that segregates a replicated set of chromosomes during cell division. Many cancer drugs alter or disrupt the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle. Microtubule-dependent molecular motors that function during mitosis are logical alternative mitotic targets for drug development. Eg5 (Kinesin-5) and Kif15 (Kinesin-12), in particular, are an attractive pair of motor proteins, as they work in concert to drive centrosome separation and promote spindle bipolarity. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the clinical failure of Eg5 inhibitors may be (in part) due to compensation by Kif15. In order to test this idea, we screened a small library of kinase inhibitors and identified GW108X, an oxindole that inhibits Kif15 in vitro. We show that GW108X has a distinct mechanism of action compared with a commercially available Kif15 inhibitor, Kif15-IN-1 and may serve as a lead with which to further develop Kif15 inhibitors as clinically relevant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Dumas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Geng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Nicole D Kendrick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - George Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Somnath Jana
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Joshua A Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - William Hancock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Gary A Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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40
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Sherin L, Farwa S, Sohail A, Li Z, Bég OA. Cancer drug therapy and stochastic modeling of "nano-motors". Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6429-6440. [PMID: 30410329 PMCID: PMC6198871 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled inhibition of kinesin motor proteins is highly desired in the field of oncology. Among other interventions, there exists “targeted chemotherapeutic regime/options” of selective Eg5 competitive and allosteric inhibitors, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression with improved safety profiles. Research question Though promising, such studies are still under clinical trials, for the discovery of efficient and least harmful Eg5 inhibitors. The aim of this research was to bridge the computational modeling approach with drug design and therapy of cancer cells. Methods A computational model, interfaced with the clinical data of “Eg5 dynamics” and “inhibitors” via special functions, is presented in this article. Comparisons are made for the drug efficacy, and the threshold values are predicted through numerical simulations. Results Results are obtained to depict the dynamics induced by ispinesib, when used as an inhibitor of kinesin Eg5, on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Sherin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shabieh Farwa
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sohail
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan,
| | - Zhiwu Li
- Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - O Anwar Bég
- Fluid Mechanics, Spray Research Group, Mechanical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, G77, University of Salford, Manchester M54WT, UK
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