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Qian K, Wang K, Chen L, Hou Z, Krenn M, Zhu S, Ma XS. Multiphoton non-local quantum interference controlled by an undetected photon. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1480. [PMID: 36932077 PMCID: PMC10023773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interference of quanta lies at the heart of quantum physics. The multipartite generalization of single-quanta interference creates entanglement, the coherent superposition of states shared by several quanta. Entanglement allows non-local correlations between many quanta and hence is a key resource for quantum information technology. Entanglement is typically considered to be essential for creating non-local quantum interference. Here, we show that this is not the case and demonstrate multiphoton non-local quantum interference that does not require entanglement of any intrinsic properties of the photons. We harness the superposition of the physical origin of a four-photon product state, which leads to constructive and destructive interference with the photons' mere existence. With the intrinsic indistinguishability in the generation process of photons, we realize four-photon frustrated quantum interference. This allows us to observe the following noteworthy difference to quantum entanglement: We control the non-local multipartite quantum interference with a photon that we never detect, which does not require quantum entanglement. These non-local properties pave the way for the studies of foundations of quantum physics and potential applications in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Leizhen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mario Krenn
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiao-Song Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
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Paesani S, Bulmer JFF, Jones AE, Santagati R, Laing A. Scheme for Universal High-Dimensional Quantum Computation with Linear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:230504. [PMID: 34170150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photons are natural carriers of high-dimensional quantum information, and, in principle, can benefit from higher quantum information capacity and noise resilience. However, schemes to generate the resources required for high-dimensional quantum computing have so far been lacking in linear optics. Here, we show how to generate GHZ states in arbitrary dimensions and numbers of photons using linear optical circuits described by Fourier transform matrices. Combining our results with recent schemes for qudit Bell measurements, we show that universal linear optical quantum computing can be performed in arbitrary dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex E Jones
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
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Gu X, Krenn M. Compact Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger state generation via frequency combs and graph theory. FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS 2020; 15:61502. [DOI: 10.1007/s11467-020-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Gao X, Erhard M, Zeilinger A, Krenn M. Computer-Inspired Concept for High-Dimensional Multipartite Quantum Gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020. [PMID: 32794870 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-020-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An open question in quantum optics is how to manipulate and control complex quantum states in an experimentally feasible way. Here we present concepts for transformations of high-dimensional multiphotonic quantum systems. The proposals rely on two new ideas: (i) a novel high-dimensional quantum nondemolition measurement, (ii) the encoding and decoding of the entire quantum transformation in an ancillary state for sharing the necessary quantum information between the involved parties. Many solutions can readily be performed in laboratories around the world and thereby we identify important pathways for experimental research in the near future. The concepts have been found using the computer algorithm melvin for designing computer-inspired quantum experiments. As opposed to the field of machine learning, here the human learns new scientific concepts by interpreting and analyzing the results presented by the machine. This demonstrates that computer algorithms can inspire new ideas in science, which has a widely unexplored potential that goes far beyond experimental quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Gao
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Mario Krenn
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
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Shettell N, Markham D. Graph States as a Resource for Quantum Metrology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:110502. [PMID: 32242684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By using highly entangled states, quantum metrology guarantees a precision impossible with classical measurements. Unfortunately such states can be very susceptible to noise, and it is a great challenge of the field to maintain quantum advantage in realistic conditions. In this Letter we investigate the practicality of graph states for quantum metrology. Graph states are a natural resource for much of quantum information, and here we characterize their quantum Fisher information for an arbitrary graph state. We then construct families of graph states which approximately achieves the Heisenberg limit, we call these states bundled graph states. We demonstrate that bundled graph states maintain a quantum advantage after being subjected to independent and identically distributed dephasing or finite erasures. This shows that these graph states are good resources for robust quantum metrology. We also quantify the number of n qubit stabilizer states that are useful as a resource for quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Shettell
- Laboratoire dInformatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damian Markham
- Laboratoire dInformatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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