1
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Zahm JA, Harrison SC. A communication hub for phosphoregulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2308-2318.e6. [PMID: 38776904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Mps1 and Aurora B kinases regulate and monitor kinetochore attachment to spindle microtubules during cell division, ultimately ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. In yeast, the critical spindle attachment components are the Ndc80 and Dam1 complexes (Ndc80c and DASH/Dam1c, respectively). Ndc80c is a 600-Å-long heterotetramer that binds microtubules through a globular "head" at one end and centromere-proximal kinetochore components through a globular knob at the other end. Dam1c is a heterodecamer that forms a ring of 16-17 protomers around the shaft of the single kinetochore microtubule in point-centromere yeast. The ring coordinates the approximately eight Ndc80c rods per kinetochore. In published work, we showed that a site on the globular "head" of Ndc80c, including residues from both Ndc80 and Nuf2, binds a bipartite segment in the long C-terminal extension of Dam1. Results reported here show, both by in vitro binding experiments and by crystal structure determination, that the same site binds a conserved segment in the long N-terminal extension of Mps1. It also binds, less tightly, a conserved segment in the N-terminal extension of Ipl1 (yeast Aurora B). Together with results from experiments in yeast cells and from biochemical assays reported in two accompanying papers, the structures and graded affinities identify a communication hub for ensuring uniform bipolar attachment and for signaling anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Zahm
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen C Harrison
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Parnell EJ, Jenson EE, Miller MP. A conserved site on Ndc80 complex facilitates dynamic recruitment of Mps1 to yeast kinetochores to promote accurate chromosome segregation. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2294-2307.e4. [PMID: 38776906 PMCID: PMC11178286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores carrying out multiple functions, including establishing and maintaining microtubule attachments, forming precise bi-oriented attachments between sister chromatids, and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint. Central to these processes is the highly conserved Ndc80 complex. This kinetochore subcomplex interacts directly with microtubules but also serves as a critical platform for recruiting kinetochore-associated factors and as a key substrate for error correction kinases. The precise manner in which these kinetochore factors interact and regulate each other's function remains unknown, considerably hindering our understanding of how Ndc80 complex-dependent processes function together to orchestrate accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we aimed to uncover the role of Nuf2's CH domain, a component of the Ndc80 complex, in ensuring these processes. Through extensive mutational analysis, we identified a conserved interaction domain composed of two segments in Nuf2's CH domain that form the binding site for Mps1 within the yeast Ndc80 complex. Interestingly, this site also associates with the Dam1 complex, suggesting Mps1 recruitment may be subject to regulation by competitive binding with other factors. Mutants disrupting this "interaction hub" exhibit defects in spindle assembly checkpoint function and severe chromosome segregation errors. Significantly, specifically restoring Mps1-Ndc80 complex association rescues these defects. Our findings shed light on the intricate regulation of Ndc80 complex-dependent functions and highlight the essential role of Mps1 in kinetochore bi-orientation and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin E Jenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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3
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Pleuger R, Cozma C, Hohoff S, Denkhaus C, Dudziak A, Kaschani F, Kaiser M, Musacchio A, Vetter IR, Westermann S. Microtubule end-on attachment maturation regulates Mps1 association with its kinetochore receptor. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2279-2293.e6. [PMID: 38776902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires that sister chromatids establish bi-oriented kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents premature anaphase onset with incomplete attachments. However, how microtubule attachment and checkpoint signaling are coordinated remains unclear. The conserved kinase Mps1 initiates SAC signaling by localizing transiently to kinetochores in prometaphase and is released upon bi-orientation. Using biochemistry, structure predictions, and cellular assays, we shed light on this dynamic behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A conserved N-terminal segment of Mps1 binds the neck region of Ndc80:Nuf2, the main microtubule receptor of kinetochores. Mutational disruption of this interface, located at the backside of the paired CH domains and opposite the microtubule-binding site, prevents Mps1 localization, eliminates SAC signaling, and impairs growth. The same interface of Ndc80:Nuf2 binds the microtubule-associated Dam1 complex. We demonstrate that the error correction kinase Ipl1/Aurora B controls the competition between Dam1 and Mps1 for the same binding site. Thus, binding of the Dam1 complex to Ndc80:Nuf2 may release Mps1 from the kinetochore to promote anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pleuger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Cozma
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Hohoff
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Denkhaus
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dudziak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Department of Chemical Biology and ACE Analytical Core Facility Essen, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Department of Chemical Biology and ACE Analytical Core Facility Essen, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Westermann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany; Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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4
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Lacefield S. Chromosome segregation: Mps1 and Dam1 battle to bind a shared interaction site at the kinetochore. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R530-R533. [PMID: 38834024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules is highly regulated to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Three new studies identify an interaction hub at the kinetochore that integrates kinetochore attachment state with spindle checkpoint activity and kinetochore assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Lacefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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5
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Parnell EJ, Jenson E, Miller MP. An interaction hub on Ndc80 complex facilitates dynamic recruitment of Mps1 to yeast kinetochores to promote accurate chromosome segregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566082. [PMID: 37986816 PMCID: PMC10659343 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores carrying out multiple functions, including establishing and maintaining microtubule attachments, forming precise bioriented attachments between sister chromatids, and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint. Central to these processes is the highly conserved Ndc80 complex. This kinetochore subcomplex interacts directly with microtubules, but also serves as a critical platform for recruiting kinetochore-associated factors and as a key substrate for error correction kinases. The precise manner in which these kinetochore factors interact, and regulate each other's function, remains unknown - considerably hindering our understanding of how Ndc80 complex-dependent processes function together to orchestrate accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we aimed to uncover the role of Nuf2's CH domain, a component of the Ndc80 complex, in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Through extensive mutational analysis, we identified a conserved "interaction hub" comprising two segments in Nuf2's CH domain, forming the binding site for Mps1 within the yeast Ndc80 complex. Intriguingly, the interaction between Mps1 and the Ndc80 complex seems to be subject to regulation by competitive binding with other factors. Mutants disrupting this interaction hub exhibit defects in spindle assembly checkpoint function and severe chromosome segregation errors. Significantly, specifically restoring Mps1-Ndc80 complex association rescues these defects. Our findings shed light on the intricate regulation of Ndc80 complex-dependent functions and highlight the essential role of Mps1 in kinetochore biorientation and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin Jenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew P. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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6
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Hayward D, Roberts E, Gruneberg U. MPS1 localizes to end-on microtubule-attached kinetochores to promote microtubule release. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5200-5208.e8. [PMID: 36395767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the spindle assembly checkpoint protects genome stability in mitosis by preventing chromosome segregation until incorrect microtubule-kinetochore attachment geometries have been eliminated and chromosome biorientation has been completed. These error correction and checkpoint processes are linked by the conserved Aurora B and MPS1 Ser/Thr kinases.1,2 MPS1-dependent checkpoint signaling is believed to be initiated by kinetochores without end-on microtubule attachments,3,4 including those generated by Aurora B-mediated error correction. The current model posits that MPS1 competes with microtubules for binding sites at the kinetochore.3,4 MPS1 is thought to first recognize kinetochores not blocked by microtubules and then initiate checkpoint signaling. However, MPS1 is also required for chromosome biorientation and correction of microtubule-kinetochore attachment errors.5,6,7,8,9 This latter function, which must require direct interaction with microtubule-attached kinetochores, is not readily explained within the constraints of the current model. Here, we show that MPS1 transiently localizes to end-on attached kinetochores and that this recruitment depends on the relative activities of Aurora B and its counteracting phosphatase PP2A-B56 rather than microtubule-attachment state per se. MPS1 autophosphorylation also regulates MPS1 kinetochore levels but does not determine the response to microtubule attachment. At end-on attached kinetochores, MPS1 actively promotes microtubule release together with Aurora B. Furthermore, in live cells, MPS1 is detected at attached kinetochores before the removal of microtubules. During chromosome alignment, MPS1, therefore, coordinates both the resolution of incorrect microtubule-kinetochore attachments and the initiation of spindle checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Emile Roberts
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK.
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7
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Sarangapani KK, Koch LB, Nelson CR, Asbury CL, Biggins S. Kinetochore-bound Mps1 regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachments via Ndc80 phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202106130. [PMID: 34647959 PMCID: PMC8641409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dividing cells detect and correct erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis, thereby avoiding chromosome missegregation. The Aurora B kinase phosphorylates microtubule-binding elements specifically at incorrectly attached kinetochores, promoting their release and providing another chance for proper attachments to form. However, growing evidence suggests that the Mps1 kinase is also required for error correction. Here we directly examine how Mps1 activity affects kinetochore-microtubule attachments using a reconstitution-based approach that allows us to separate its effects from Aurora B activity. When endogenous Mps1 that copurifies with kinetochores is activated in vitro, it weakens their attachments to microtubules via phosphorylation of Ndc80, a major microtubule-binding protein. This phosphorylation contributes to error correction because phospho-deficient Ndc80 mutants exhibit genetic interactions and segregation defects when combined with mutants in other error correction pathways. In addition, Mps1 phosphorylation of Ndc80 is stimulated on kinetochores lacking tension. These data suggest that Mps1 provides an additional mechanism for correcting erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments, complementing the well-known activity of Aurora B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori B. Koch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christian R. Nelson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles L. Asbury
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sue Biggins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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8
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Lara-Gonzalez P, Pines J, Desai A. Spindle assembly checkpoint activation and silencing at kinetochores. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:86-98. [PMID: 34210579 PMCID: PMC8406419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that promotes accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. The checkpoint senses the attachment state of kinetochores, the proteinaceous structures that assemble onto chromosomes in mitosis in order to mediate their interaction with spindle microtubules. When unattached, kinetochores generate a diffusible inhibitor that blocks the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Work from the past decade has greatly illuminated our understanding of the mechanisms by which the diffusible inhibitor is assembled and how it inhibits the APC/C. However, less is understood about how SAC proteins are recruited to kinetochores in the absence of microtubule attachment, how the kinetochore catalyzes formation of the diffusible inhibitor, and how attachments silence the SAC at the kinetochore. Here, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms that activate and silence the SAC at kinetochores and highlight open questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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9
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Aurora B Tension Sensing Mechanisms in the Kinetochore Ensure Accurate Chromosome Segregation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168818. [PMID: 34445523 PMCID: PMC8396173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate segregation of chromosomes is essential for the survival of organisms and cells. Mistakes can lead to aneuploidy, tumorigenesis and congenital birth defects. The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures that chromosomes properly align on the spindle, with sister chromatids attached to microtubules from opposite poles. Here, we review how tension is used to identify and selectively destabilize incorrect attachments, and thus serves as a trigger of the spindle assembly checkpoint to ensure fidelity in chromosome segregation. Tension is generated on properly attached chromosomes as sister chromatids are pulled in opposing directions but resisted by centromeric cohesin. We discuss the role of the Aurora B kinase in tension-sensing and explore the current models for translating mechanical force into Aurora B-mediated biochemical signals that regulate correction of chromosome attachments to the spindle.
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10
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Gui P, Sedzro DM, Yuan X, Liu S, Hei M, Tian W, Zohbi N, Wang F, Yao Y, Aikhionbare FO, Gao X, Wang D, Yao X, Dou Z. Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80 complex enable responsive spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:486-498. [PMID: 32219319 PMCID: PMC7493027 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. As an upstream factor of SAC, the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC signaling. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex (Ndc80C) govern Mps1 kinetochore targeting. Importantly, we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and Ndc80C. We further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment, which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail, enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization. Mechanistically, Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its dimerization. Perturbation of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1, leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC function. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Divine M Sedzro
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Sikai Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Mohan Hei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Najdat Zohbi
- Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Felix O Aikhionbare
- Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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11
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Meyer RE, Tipton AR, LaVictoire R, Gorbsky GJ, Dawson DS. Mps1 promotes poleward chromosome movements in meiotic prometaphase. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1020-1032. [PMID: 33788584 PMCID: PMC8101486 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-08-0525-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and become connected by cross-overs. Chiasmata, the connections formed by cross-overs, enable the chromosome pair, called a bivalent, to attach as a single unit to the spindle. When the meiotic spindle forms in prometaphase, most bivalents are associated with one spindle pole and then go through a series of oscillations on the spindle, attaching to and detaching from microtubules until the partners of the bivalent become bioriented—attached to microtubules from opposite sides of the spindle. The conserved kinase, Mps1, is essential for the bivalents to be pulled by microtubules across the spindle in prometaphase. Here we show that MPS1 is needed for efficient triggering of the migration of microtubule-attached kinetochores toward the poles and promotes microtubule depolymerization. Our data support the model Mps1 acts at the kinetochore to coordinate the successful attachment of a microtubule and the triggering of microtubule depolymerization to then move the chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis E Meyer
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Aaron R Tipton
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rebecca LaVictoire
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Dean S Dawson
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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12
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Benzi G, Piatti S. Killing two birds with one stone: how budding yeast Mps1 controls chromosome segregation and spindle assembly checkpoint through phosphorylation of a single kinetochore protein. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1037-1044. [PMID: 32632756 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, the identical sister chromatids of each chromosome must attach through their kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. This process, referred to as chromosome biorientation, is essential for equal partitioning of the genetic information to the two daughter cells. Defects in chromosome biorientation can give rise to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer and genetic diseases. A conserved surveillance mechanism called spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents the onset of anaphase until biorientation is attained. Key to chromosome biorientation is an error correction mechanism that allows kinetochores to establish proper bipolar attachments by disengaging faulty kinetochore-microtubule connections. Error correction relies on the Aurora B and Mps1 kinases that also promote SAC signaling, raising the possibility that they are part of a single sensory device responding to improper attachments and concomitantly controlling both their disengagement and a temporary mitotic arrest. In budding yeast, Aurora B and Mps1 promote error correction independently from one another, but while the substrates of Aurora B in this process are at least partially known, the mechanism underlying the involvement of Mps1 in the error correction pathway is unknown. Through the characterization of a novel mps1 mutant and an unbiased genetic screen for extragenic suppressors, we recently gained evidence that a common mechanism based on Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of the Knl1/Spc105 kinetochore scaffold and subsequent recruitment of the Bub1 kinase is critical for the function of Mps1 in chromosome biorientation as well as for SAC activation (Benzi et al. EMBO Rep, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Benzi
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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Roy B, Han SJ, Fontan AN, Joglekar AP. The copy-number and varied strengths of MELT motifs in Spc105 balance the strength and responsiveness of the spindle assembly checkpoint. eLife 2020; 9:55096. [PMID: 32479259 PMCID: PMC7292645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) maintains genome stability while also ensuring timely anaphase onset. To maintain genome stability, the SAC must be strong to delay anaphase even if just one chromosome is unattached, but for timely anaphase onset, it must promptly respond to silencing mechanisms. How the SAC meets these potentially antagonistic requirements is unclear. Here we show that the balance between SAC strength and responsiveness is determined by the number of ‘MELT’ motifs in the kinetochore protein Spc105/KNL1 and their Bub3-Bub1 binding affinities. Many strong MELT motifs per Spc105/KNL1 minimize chromosome missegregation, but too many delay anaphase onset. We demonstrate this by constructing a Spc105 variant that trades SAC responsiveness for much more accurate chromosome segregation. We propose that the necessity of balancing SAC strength and responsiveness drives the dual evolutionary trend of the amplification of MELT motif number, but degeneration of their functionally optimal amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babhrubahan Roy
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Simon Jy Han
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Adrienne Nicole Fontan
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ajit P Joglekar
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Meng D, Ge C. Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:352. [PMID: 31889904 PMCID: PMC6933876 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has risen in recent years, and it has become a significant health burden worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression of this disease remain largely unknown. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated crucial biological functions of epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, in CCA. The present study aimed to identify and analyze methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) involved in CCA tumorigenesis and progression by bioinformatics analysis. METHODS The gene expression profiling dataset (GSE119336) and gene methylation profiling dataset (GSE38860) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using the limma packages of R and GEO2R, respectively. The MeDEGs were obtained by overlapping the DEGs and DMGs. Functional enrichment analyses of these genes were then carried out. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and visualized in Cytoscape to determine hub genes. Finally, the results were verified based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS We identified 98 hypermethylated, downregulated genes and 93 hypomethylated, upregulated genes after overlapping the DEGs and DMGs. These genes were mainly enriched in the biological processes of the cell cycle, nuclear division, xenobiotic metabolism, drug catabolism, and negative regulation of proteolysis. The top nine hub genes of the PPI network were F2, AHSG, RRM2, AURKB, CCNA2, TOP2A, BIRC5, PLK1, and ASPM. Moreover, the expression and methylation status of the hub genes were significantly altered in TCGA. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified novel methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) and explored their related pathways and functions in CCA, which may provide novel insights into a further understanding of methylation-mediated regulatory mechanisms in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Bingye Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Di Meng
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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