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Guo X, Wang W, Ma Y, Liang Y, Zhou Y, Cai G. 24-h Urinary Calcium Excretion and Renal Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4600. [PMID: 37510715 PMCID: PMC10380443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of 24-h urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) on renal function decline in hospitalized patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study enrolled 3815 CKD patients in stages 1-4 and 1133 non-CKD patients admitted to the First Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2014 and July 2022. The primary outcome for CKD patients was a composite of CKD progression, defined as a 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage kidney disease. Annual eGFR change was the secondary outcome. For non-CKD patients, the primary outcome was an eGFR decline of ≥20% or CKD incidence, while annual eGFR change was the secondary outcome. The association between UCaE and kidney function decline was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and generalized linear models. Primary outcomes were observed in 813 CKD patients and 109 non-CKD patients over a median follow-up of 3.0 and 4.1 years, respectively. For CKD patients, every 1-mmol/d increase in UCaE was associated with a 15% decreased risk of CKD progression. The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.85, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.77-0.93. For non-CKD patients, the risk of renal function decline decreased by 11%. The multivariate models indicated that there was an annual decrease in eGFR in both CKD and non-CKD patients, with a reduction of 0.122 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (p < 0.001) and 0.046 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (p = 0.004), respectively, for every 1-mmol/d increase in UCaE. CKD experiences a decrease in 24-h UCaE as early as stage 1, with a significant decline in stage 4. CKD and non-CKD patients with lower UCaE levels are at an increased risk of renal decline, regardless of other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wanling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Information, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanjun Liang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yena Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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2
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Quintanova C, Himmerkus N, Svendsen SL, von Schwerdtner O, Merkel C, Pinckert L, Mutig K, Breiderhoff T, Müller D, Günzel D, Bleich M. Unrecognized role of claudin-10b in basolateral membrane infoldings of the thick ascending limb. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:266-278. [PMID: 35996827 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-10b is an important component of the tight junction in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop and allows paracellular sodium transport. In immunofluorescence stainings, claudin-10b-positive cells exhibited extensive extra staining of basolateral, column-like structures. The precise localization and function have so far remained elusive. In isolated cortical TAL segments from C57BL/6J mice, kidney-specific claudin-10 knockout mice (cKO), and respective litter mates (WT), we investigated the localization and protein expression and function by fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiological measurements. Ultrastructural analysis of TAL in kidney sections was performed by electron microscopy. Claudin-10b colocalized with the basolateral Na+ -K+ ATPase and the Cl- channel subunit barttin, but the lack of claudin-10b did not influence the localization or abundance of these proteins. However, the accessibility of the basolateral infolded extracellular space to ouabain or fluorescein was increased by basolateral Ca2+ removal and in the absence of claudin-10b. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy revealed a widening of basolateral membrane infoldings in cKO in comparison to WT. We hypothesize that claudin-10b shapes neighboring membrane invaginations by trans interaction to stabilize and facilitate high-flux salt transport in a water-tight epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel L Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Cosima Merkel
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Pinckert
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology, and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology, and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Vargas-Poussou R. Pathophysiological aspects of the thick ascending limb and novel genetic defects: HELIX syndrome and transient antenatal Bartter syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:239-252. [PMID: 33733301 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The thick ascending limb plays a central role in human kidney physiology, participating in sodium reabsorption, urine concentrating mechanisms, calcium and magnesium homeostasis, bicarbonate and ammonium homeostasis, and uromodulin synthesis. This review aims to illustrate the importance of these roles from a pathophysiological point of view by describing the interactions of the key proteins of this segment and by discussing how recently identified and long-known hereditary diseases affect this segment. The descriptions of two recently described salt-losing tubulopathies, transient antenatal Bartter syndrome and HELIX syndrome, which are caused by mutations in MAGED2 and CLDN10 genes, respectively, highlight the role of new players in the modulation of sodium reabsorption the thick ascending limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 20-40 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France. .,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Paris, France. .,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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4
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Reyes JV, Medina PMB. Renal calcium and magnesium handling in Gitelman syndrome. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1-19. [PMID: 35173827 PMCID: PMC8829599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. This gene encodes the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) which is exclusively expressed in the distal convoluted tubules (DCT). GS patients classically present with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia. While hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are easily explained by effects of the genotypic defect in GS, the mechanisms by which hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria develop in GS are poorly understood. In this review, we aim to achieve three major objectives. First, present a concise discussion about current understanding on physiologic calcium and magnesium handling in the DCT. Second, integrate expression data from studies on calciotropic and magnesiotropic proteins relevant to the GS disease state. Lastly, provide insights into the possible mechanisms of calcium-magnesium crosstalk relating to the co-occurrence of hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia in GS models. Our analyses highlight specific areas of study that are valuable in elucidating possible molecular pathways of hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia in GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah V Reyes
- Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Paul Mark B Medina
- Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
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5
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Breiderhoff T, Himmerkus N, Meoli L, Fromm A, Sewerin S, Kriuchkova N, Nagel O, Ladilov Y, Krug S, Quintanova C, Stumpp M, Garbe-Schönberg D, Westernströer U, Merkel C, Brinkhus M, Altmüller J, Schweiger M, Mueller D, Mutig K, Morawski M, Halbritter J, Milatz S, Bleich M, Günzel D. Claudin-10a Deficiency Shifts Proximal Tubular Cl - Permeability to Cation Selectivity via Claudin-2 Redistribution. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:699-717. [PMID: 35031570 PMCID: PMC8970455 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tight junction proteins claudin-2 and claudin-10a form paracellular cation and anion channels, respectively, and are expressed in the proximal tubule. However, the physiological role of claudin-10a in the kidney has been unclear. Methods To investigate the physiologic role of claudin-10a, we generated claudin-10a-deficient mice; confirmed successful knockout by Southern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining; and analyzed urine and serum of knockout and wild-type animals. We also used electrophysiologic studies to investigate the functionality of isolated proximal tubules, and studied compensatory regulation by pharmacologic intervention, RNA sequencing analysis, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and respirometry. Results Mice deficient in claudin-10a were fertile and without overt phenotypes. Upon knockout, claudin-10a was replaced by claudin-2 in all proximal tubule segments. Electrophysiology showed conversion from paracellular anion preference to cation preference and a loss of paracellular Cl- over HCO3- preference. As a consequence, there was tubular retention of calcium and magnesium, higher urine pH, and mild hypermagnesemia. A comparison of other urine and serum parameters under control conditions and sequential pharmacologic transport inhibition, as well as unchanged fractional lithium excretion, suggested compensative measures in proximal and distal tubular segments. Changes in proximal tubular oxygen handling and differential expression of genes regulating fatty acid metabolism indicated proximal tubular adaptation. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed alterations in distal tubular transport. Conclusions Claudin-10a is the major paracellular anion channel in the proximal tubule and its deletion causes calcium and magnesium hyperreabsorption by claudin-2 redistribution. Transcellular transport in proximal and distal segments and proximal tubular metabolic adaptation compensate for loss of paracellular anion permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Breiderhoff
- T Breiderhoff, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Medicine, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- N Himmerkus, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luca Meoli
- L Meoli, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fromm
- A Fromm, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sewerin
- S Sewerin, Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalia Kriuchkova
- N Kriuchkova, Institute for Functional Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Nagel
- O Nagel, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yury Ladilov
- Y Ladilov, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Krug
- S Krug, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catarina Quintanova
- C Quintanova, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Stumpp
- M Stumpp, Zoological Institute, Comparative Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
- D Garbe-Schönberg, Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Westernströer
- U Westernströer, Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cosima Merkel
- C Merkel, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Merle Brinkhus
- M Brinkhus, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- J Altmüller, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Michal Schweiger
- M Schweiger, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Dominik Mueller
- D Mueller, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- K Mutig, Institute for Functional Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- M Morawski, Leipzig University Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- J Halbritter, Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Milatz
- S Milatz, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- M Bleich, Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- D Günzel, Clinical Physiology / Div. of Nutritional Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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6
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Prot-Bertoye C, Griveau C, Skjødt K, Cheval L, Brideau G, Lievre L, Ferriere E, Arbaretaz F, Garbin K, Zamani R, Marcussen N, Figueres L, Breiderhoff T, Muller D, Bruneval P, Houillier P, Dimke H. Differential localization patterns of claudin 10, 16, and 19 in human, mouse, and rat renal tubular epithelia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F207-F224. [PMID: 34151590 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00579.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional properties of the paracellular pathway depend critically on the set of claudins (CLDN) expressed at the tight junction. Two syndromes are causally linked to loss-of-function mutations of claudins: hypohidrosis, electrolyte imbalance, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis, and xerostomia (HELIX) syndrome caused by genetic variations in the CLDN10 gene and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis caused by genetic variations in the CLDN16 or CLDN19 genes. All three genes are expressed in the kidney, particularly in the thick ascending limb (TAL). However, localization of these claudins in humans and rodents remains to be delineated in detail. We studied the segmental and subcellular expression of CLDN10, CLDN16, and CLDN19 in both paraffin-embedded and frozen kidney sections from the adult human, mouse, and rat using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Here, CLDN10 was present in a subset of medullary and cortical TAL cells, localizing to basolateral domains and tight junctions in human and rodent kidneys. Weak expression was detected at the tight junction of proximal tubular cells. CLDN16 was primarily expressed in a subset of TAL cells in the cortex and outer stripe of outer medulla, restricted to basolateral domains and tight junctional structures in both human and rodent kidneys. CLDN19 predominantly colocalized with CLDN16 in tight junctions and basolateral domains of the TAL but was also found in basolateral and junctional domains in more distal sites. CLDN10 expression at tight junctions almost never overlapped with that of CLND16 and CLDN19, consistent with distinct junctional pathways with different permeation profiles in both human and rodent kidneys.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to investigate the distribution of claudin 10, 16, and 19 in the human, mouse, and rat kidney. The findings showed distinct junctional pathways in both human and rodent kidneys, supporting the existence of different permeation profiles in all species investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prot-Bertoye
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Physiologie, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphate, Paris, France
| | - Camille Griveau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Brideau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Lievre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Ferriere
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Arbaretaz
- Centre d'Histologie, d'Imagerie et de Cytométrie, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Garbin
- Centre d'Histologie, d'Imagerie et de Cytométrie, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Reza Zamani
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucile Figueres
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Muller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 8228-Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Physiologie, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphate, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wang S, Tian X, Liu D, Zhang X, Yan C, Han Y. TRPV5 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice by regulating KLF4-dependent phenotype switch of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 698:108724. [PMID: 33309615 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal vascular disease with insidious symptoms. However, the mechanism behind its development remains unclear. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family has crucial protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, but the role of TRPV5 in AAA has yet to be reported. In this study, ApoE-/- mice were intraperitoneally injected with AAV-GFP or AAV-TRPV5. After 30 days, mice were further administered with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.44 mg/kg/day) by using osmotic pumps to induce the AAA model or Saline for 28 days, (i.e., Saline + AAV-GFP, Saline + AAV-TRPV5, Ang II + AAV-GFP and Ang II + AAV-TRPV5 groups were established). Compared with the control group, the incidence of AAA and the maximal diameter of the abdominal aorta markedly decreased in Ang II + AAV-TRPV5, which was detected by vascular ultrasound at 28 day. Meanwhile, less collagen and elastin degradation were observed in the Ang II + AAV-TRPV5 group by using Masson and Elastin stains. Moreover, more α-SMA and less MMP2 was observed in the abdominal aortas collected at 28 day by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with Ang II (1 μM) to induce phenotype switch. Sh-TRPV5 and AdTRPV5 were used to transfect VSMCs. PCR and Western blotting were used to access the expression of contractile marker, including α-SMA and SM-22α. The results showed that the mRNA and protein level of α-SMA and SM-22α were decreased under the stimulation of Ang II, but could be attenuated by TRPV5 overexpression. The cell scratch assay demonstrated that the migration ability of VSMCs was increased in Ang II treated group and could be ameliorated by TRPV5 overexpression. Above all, VSMCs transformed from the contractile into secretory phenotype under Ang II stimuli, but could be rescued by TRPV5 overexpression. Furthermore, TRPV5 overexpression suppressed the increased expression of KLF4 induced by Ang II treatment in VSMCs. The data demonstrated that TRPV5 could inhibit AAA formation and play a critical role in the VSMC phenotype switch by downregulating KLF4, suggesting TRPV5 as a new strategy for treating AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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8
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Lochhead JJ, Yang J, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier Tight Junction in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:914. [PMID: 32848858 PMCID: PMC7424030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) allows the brain to selectively import nutrients and energy critical to neuronal function while simultaneously excluding neurotoxic substances from the peripheral circulation. In contrast to the highly permeable vasculature present in most organs that reside outside of the central nervous system (CNS), the BBB exhibits a high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) along with a low rate of transcytosis and greatly restricted paracellular permeability. The property of low paracellular permeability is controlled by tight junction (TJ) protein complexes that seal the paracellular route between apposing brain microvascular endothelial cells. Although tight junction protein complexes are principal contributors to physical barrier properties, they are not static in nature. Rather, tight junction protein complexes are highly dynamic structures, where expression and/or localization of individual constituent proteins can be modified in response to pathophysiological stressors. These stressors induce modifications to tight junction protein complexes that involve de novo synthesis of new protein or discrete trafficking mechanisms. Such responsiveness of BBB tight junctions to diseases indicates that these protein complexes are critical for maintenance of CNS homeostasis. In fulfillment of this vital role, BBB tight junctions are also a major obstacle to therapeutic drug delivery to the brain. There is an opportunity to overcome this substantial obstacle and optimize neuropharmacology via acquisition of a detailed understanding of BBB tight junction structure, function, and regulation. In this review, we discuss physiological characteristics of tight junction protein complexes and how these properties regulate delivery of therapeutics to the CNS for treatment of neurological diseases. Specifically, we will discuss modulation of tight junction structure, function, and regulation both in the context of disease states and in the setting of pharmacotherapy. In particular, we will highlight how these properties can be potentially manipulated at the molecular level to increase CNS drug levels via paracellular transport to the brain.
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9
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Seker M, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Martínez-Cruz LA, Müller D. Mouse Models of Human Claudin-Associated Disorders: Benefits and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215504. [PMID: 31694170 PMCID: PMC6862546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher organisms, epithelia separate compartments in order to guarantee their proper function. Such structures are able to seal but also to allow substances to pass. Within the paracellular pathway, a supramolecular structure, the tight junction transport is largely controlled by the temporospatial regulation of its major protein family called claudins. Besides the fact that the expression of claudins has been identified in different forms of human diseases like cancer, clearly defined mutations in the corresponding claudin genes have been shown to cause distinct human disorders. Such disorders comprise the skin and its adjacent structures, liver, kidney, the inner ear, and the eye. From the phenotype analysis, it has also become clear that different claudins can cause a complex phenotype when expressed in different organs. To gain deeper insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of claudin-associated disorders, several mouse models have been generated. In order to model human disorders in detail, they have been designed either as full knockouts, knock-downs or knock-ins by a variety of techniques. Here, we review human disorders caused by CLDN mutations and their corresponding mouse models that have been generated thus far and assess their usefulness as a model for the corresponding human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Seker
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | | | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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