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Lu T, Das S, Howlader DR, Picking WD, Picking WL. Shigella Vaccines: The Continuing Unmet Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4329. [PMID: 38673913 PMCID: PMC11050647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease that annually affects approximately 270 million individuals globally. It has particularly high morbidity and mortality in low-income regions; however, it is not confined to these regions and occurs in high-income nations when conditions allow. The ill effects of shigellosis are at their highest in children ages 2 to 5, with survivors often exhibiting impaired growth due to infection-induced malnutrition. The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance further amplifies shigellosis as a serious public health concern. This review explores Shigella pathology, with a primary focus on the status of Shigella vaccine candidates. These candidates include killed whole-cells, live attenuated organisms, LPS-based, and subunit vaccines. The strengths and weaknesses of each vaccination strategy are considered. The discussion includes potential Shigella immunogens, such as LPS, conserved T3SS proteins, outer membrane proteins, diverse animal models used in Shigella vaccine research, and innovative vaccine development approaches. Additionally, this review addresses ongoing challenges that necessitate action toward advancing effective Shigella prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (D.R.H.); (W.D.P.)
| | - Sayan Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Debaki R. Howlader
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (D.R.H.); (W.D.P.)
| | - William D. Picking
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (D.R.H.); (W.D.P.)
| | - Wendy L. Picking
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (D.R.H.); (W.D.P.)
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Maleki S, Razavi SH, Yadav H, Letizia Manca M. New horizon to the world of gut microbiome: seeds germination. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38227048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2300703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The second brain of humans has been known as the microbiome. The microbiome is a dynamic network composed of commensal bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi colonized in the human gastrointestinal tract. They play a vital role in human health by metabolizing components, maturation of the immune system, and taking part in the treatment of various diseases. Two important factors that can affect the gut microbiome's composition and/or function are the food matrix and methods of food processing. Based on scientific research, the consumption of whole grains can make positive changes in the gut microbiota. Seeds contain different microbiota-accessible substrates that can resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Seed germination is one of the simplest and newest food processing approaches to improve seeds' bioavailability and overall nutritional value. During germination, the dormant hydrolytic seed's enzymes have been activated and then metabolize the macromolecules. The quality and quantity of bioactive compounds like prebiotics, fiber, phenolic compounds (PC), total free amino acids, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can increase even up to 4-10 folds in some cases. These components stimulate the survival and growth of healthful bacteria like probiotics and boost their activity. This effect depends on several parameters, e.g., germination environmental conditions. This review aims to provide up-to-date and latest research about promoting bioactive components during seed germination and investigating their impacts on gut microbiota to understand the possible direct and indirect effects of seed germination on the microbiome and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Maleki
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Breton V, Nazac P, Boulet D, Danglot L. Molecular mapping of neuronal architecture using STORM microscopy and new fluorescent probes for SMLM imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014414. [PMID: 38464866 PMCID: PMC10923464 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Imaging neuronal architecture has been a recurrent challenge over the years, and the localization of synaptic proteins is a frequent challenge in neuroscience. To quantitatively detect and analyze the structure of synapses, we recently developed free SODA software to detect the association of pre and postsynaptic proteins. To fully take advantage of spatial distribution analysis in complex cells, such as neurons, we also selected some new dyes for plasma membrane labeling. Using Icy SODA plugin, we could detect and analyze synaptic association in both conventional and single molecule localization microscopy, giving access to a molecular map at the nanoscale level. To replace those molecular distributions within the neuronal three-dimensional (3D) shape, we used MemBright probes and 3D STORM analysis to decipher the entire 3D shape of various dendritic spine types at the single-molecule resolution level. We report here the example of synaptic proteins within neuronal mask, but these tools have a broader spectrum of interest since they can be used whatever the proteins or the cellular type. Altogether with SODA plugin, MemBright probes thus provide the perfect toolkit to decipher a nanometric molecular map of proteins within a 3D cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
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Calvigioni M, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Ghelardi E. Animal and In Vitro Models as Powerful Tools to Decipher the Effects of Enteric Pathogens on the Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38257894 PMCID: PMC10818369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the interplay between intestinal pathogens and the gut microbiota is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenic role of enteropathogens and their broader impact on human health. Valid alternatives to human studies have been introduced in laboratory practice to evaluate the effects of infectious agents on the gut microbiota, thereby exploring their translational implications in intestinal functionality and overall health. Different animal species are currently used as valuable models for intestinal infections. In addition, considering the recent advances in bioengineering, futuristic in vitro models resembling the intestinal environment are also available for this purpose. In this review, the impact of the main human enteropathogens (i.e., Clostridioides difficile, Campylobacter jejuni, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus) on intestinal microbial communities is summarized, with specific emphasis on results derived from investigations employing animal and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.)
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang L, An L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Recent progress in plant-derived polysaccharides with prebiotic potential for intestinal health by targeting gut microbiota: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37651130 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products of plant origin are of high interest and widely used, especially in the food industry, due to their low toxicity and wide range of bioactive properties. Compared to other plant components, the safety of polysaccharides has been generally recognized. As dietary fibers, plant-derived polysaccharides are mostly degraded in the intestine by polysaccharide-degrading enzymes secreted by gut microbiota, and have potential prebiotic activity in both non-disease and disease states, which should not be overlooked, especially in terms of their involvement in the treatment of intestinal diseases and the promotion of intestinal health. This review elucidates the regulatory effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on gut microbiota and summarizes the mechanisms involved in targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Further, the structure-activity relationships between different structural types of plant-derived polysaccharides and the occurrence of their prebiotic activity are further explored. Finally, the practical applications of plant-derived polysaccharides in food production and food packaging are summarized and discussed, providing important references for expanding the application of plant-derived polysaccharides in the food industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Meng L, Xia C, Jin Z, Zhang H. Investigation of Gut Bacterial Communities of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) Reared on Different Host Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080694. [PMID: 36005319 PMCID: PMC9409139 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diaphorina citri is a crucial natural vector of the Huanglongbing pathogen, which has devastated the citrus industry. The host plant is a critical factor that affects insect biology and its symbiont abundance. However, little is known about how host plants affect the bacterial community located in D. citri. In this work, the guts of five different host-plant-feeding populations (i.e., Citrus reticulata cv. Shatangju, Citrus poonensis cv. Ponkan, Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus sinensis (navel orange)) were analyzed for bacterial communities by next-generation sequencing. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria. The most common and abundant bacterial genera in D. citri were Wolbachia, Escherichia-Shigella, and Candidatus Profftella, but their relative abundance varied among the different host plant groups. There were obvious differences in the gut microbiota among the different hosts, and the gut microbe diversity was the highest in the ponkan-feeding population, while the lowest was in the Shatangju-feeding population. Overall, our findings indicate that the host plant can significantly affect the gut microbial community of D. citri. This result can provide new insights into the co-adaptation of D. citri and its symbionts. Abstract Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) can cause severe damage to citrus plants, as it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter spp., a causative agent of Huanglongbing disease. Symbiotic bacteria play vital roles in the ecology and biology of herbivore hosts, thereby affecting host growth and adaptation. In our research, the effects of Rutaceous plants (i.e., Citrus reticulata cv. Shatangju, Citrus poonensis cv. Ponkan, Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus sinensis (navel orange)) on the gut microbiota (GM) and microbial diversity of D. citri adults were investigated by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. It was found that Proteobacteria dominated the GM communities. The gut microbe diversity was the highest in the ponkan-feeding population, and the lowest in the Shatangju-feeding population. The NMDS analysis revealed that there were obvious differences in the GM communities among the different hosts. PICRUSt function prediction indicated significant differences in host function, and those pathways were crucial for maintaining population reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stress in D. citri. Our study sheds new light on the interactions between symbionts, herbivores, and host plants and expands our knowledge on host adaptation related to GM in D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changxiu Xia
- Ganzhou Citrus Science Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sinopharm Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China;
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-87286962
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Moysidou CM, Withers AM, Nisbet AJ, Price DRG, Bryant CE, Cantacessi C, Owens RM. Investigation of Host-Microbe-Parasite Interactions in an In Vitro 3D Model of the Vertebrate Gut. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200015. [PMID: 35652159 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of the gut-microbiome axis are in high demand. Conventionally, intestinal monolayers grown on Transwell setups are used to test the effects of commensals/pathogens on the barrier integrity, both under homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions. While such models remain valuable for deepening the understanding of host-microbe interactions, often, they lack key biological components that mediate this intricate crosstalk. Here, a 3D in vitro model of the vertebrate intestinal epithelium, interfaced with immune cells surviving in culture for over 3 weeks, is developed and applied to proof-of-concept studies of host-microbe interactions. More specifically, the establishment of stable host-microbe cocultures is described and functional and morphological changes in the intestinal barrier induced by the presence of commensal bacteria are shown. Finally, evidence is provided that the 3D vertebrate gut models can be used as platforms to test host-microbe-parasite interactions. Exposure of gut-immune-bacteria cocultures to helminth "excretory/secretory products" induces in vivo-like up-/down-regulation of certain cytokines. These findings support the robustness of the modular in vitro cell systems for investigating the dynamics of host-microbe crosstalk and pave the way toward new approaches for systems biology studies of pathogens that cannot be maintained in vitro, including parasitic helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Aimee M Withers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site, CB3 0AS, UK
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Capitani N, Baldari CT. The Immunological Synapse: An Emerging Target for Immune Evasion by Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943344. [PMID: 35911720 PMCID: PMC9325968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other pathogens, bacteria have developed during their evolution a variety of mechanisms to overcome both innate and acquired immunity, accounting for their ability to cause disease or chronic infections. The mechanisms exploited for this critical function act by targeting conserved structures or pathways that regulate the host immune response. A strategic potential target is the immunological synapse (IS), a highly specialized structure that forms at the interface between antigen presenting cells (APC) and T lymphocytes and is required for the establishment of an effective T cell response to the infectious agent and for the development of long-lasting T cell memory. While a variety of bacterial pathogens are known to impair or subvert cellular processes essential for antigen processing and presentation, on which IS assembly depends, it is only recently that the possibility that IS may be a direct target of bacterial virulence factors has been considered. Emerging evidence strongly supports this notion, highlighting IS targeting as a powerful, novel means of immune evasion by bacterial pathogens. In this review we will present a brief overview of the mechanisms used by bacteria to affect IS assembly by targeting APCs. We will then summarize what has emerged from the current handful of studies that have addressed the direct impact of bacterial virulence factors on IS assembly in T cells and, based on the strategic cellular processes targeted by these factors in other cell types, highlight potential IS-related vulnerabilities that could be exploited by these pathogens to evade T cell mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Lv K, Yuan Q, Li H, Li T, Ma H, Gao C, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhao L. Chlorella pyrenoidosa Polysaccharides as a Prebiotic to Modulate Gut Microbiota: Physicochemical Properties and Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050725. [PMID: 35267359 PMCID: PMC8908982 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides to provide useful information for developing C. pyrenoidosa as a green healthy food. C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were prepared and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The digestibility and fermentation characteristics of C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were evaluated using in vitro models. The results revealed that C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were composed of five non-starch polysaccharide fractions with monosaccharide compositions of Man, Rib, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara. C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides could not be degraded under saliva and the gastrointestinal conditions. However, the molecular weight and contents of residual carbohydrates and reducing sugars of C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were significantly reduced after fecal fermentation at a moderate speed. Notably, C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides could remarkably modulate gut microbiota, including the promotion of beneficial bacteria, inhibition of growth of harmful bacteria, and reduction of the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Intriguingly, C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides can promote growth of Parabacteroides distasonis and increase short-chain fatty acid contents, thereby probably contributing to the promotion of intestinal health and prevention of diseases. Thus, these results suggested that C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides had prebiotic functions with different fermentation characteristics compared with conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharide, and they may be a new prebiotic for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiqiong Ma
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Liu X, Wu Y, Mao C, Shen J, Zhu K. Host-acting antibacterial compounds combat cytosolic bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:761-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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High-Throughput CRISPR Screens To Dissect Macrophage- Shigella Interactions. mBio 2021; 12:e0215821. [PMID: 34933448 PMCID: PMC8689513 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02158-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis causes most diarrheal deaths worldwide, particularly affecting children. Shigella invades and replicates in the epithelium of the large intestine, eliciting inflammation and tissue destruction. To understand how Shigella rewires macrophages prior to epithelium invasion, we performed genome-wide and focused secondary CRISPR knockout and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens in Shigella flexneri-infected human monocytic THP-1 cells. Knockdown of the Toll-like receptor 1/2 signaling pathway significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, enhanced host cell survival, and controlled intracellular pathogen growth. Knockdown of the enzymatic component of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex enhanced THP-1 cell survival. Small-molecule inhibitors blocking key components of these pathways had similar effects; these were validated with human monocyte-derived macrophages, which closely mimic the in vivo physiological state of macrophages postinfection. High-throughput CRISPR screens can elucidate how S. flexneri triggers inflammation and redirects host pyruvate catabolism for energy acquisition before killing macrophages, pointing to new shigellosis therapies.
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12
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He Q, Liu C, Shen L, Zeng L, Wang T, Sun J, Zhou X, Wan J. Theory of the exterior-interior relationship between the lungs and the large intestine to explore the mechanism of Eriobotrya japonica leaf water extract in the treatment of cough variant asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114482. [PMID: 34438032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl leaf (EJL) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. E. japonica is a member of the Rosaceae family. EJL suppresses cough and relieves asthma and is widely used to treat lung diseases. In the present study, guided by the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the exterior-interior relationship between the lungs and the large intestine, the pathogenesis of cough variant asthma (CVA) and the treatment mechanism of EJL on CVA were explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the airway remodeling effects of EJL in CVA from the perspective of the intestinal flora and the matrix metallopeptidase 9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-9/TIMP-1) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oleanolic acid and ursolic acid contents in EJL were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to ensure the quality of EJL. BALB/c mice were used to establish a CVA model through ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and atomization. EJL (at 5, 10, or 20 g/kg/day) was intragastrically administered. The body weight, ratio of total bronchial wall area (WAt) to bronchial basement membrane perimeter (Pbm) (WAt/Pbm), the number of coughs, and cough latency were measured. The pathological changes of the lung tissue were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected in the lung tissue by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Additionally, an Illumina Hiseq platform was used for 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) high-throughput sequencing to detect the intestinal flora in feces samples. RESULTS The results confirmed the positive effects of EJL on CVA. After administration of EJL, the number of coughs and the WAt/Pbm ratio decreased, the cough latency was prolonged, body weight was increased, and the general status was better than that of the CVA model mice. HE staining revealed that EJL decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and improved the histopathological structure of the lung tissue. EJL also showed significant inhibitory effects on the expression of α-SMA, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 and normalized the intestinal flora to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that EJL alleviated airway remodeling of CVA mice, which might be related to the inhibition of the MMP-P/TIMP-1 pathway and the regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ling Shen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Linlin Zeng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jingying Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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13
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Kellermann M, Scharte F, Hensel M. Manipulation of Host Cell Organelles by Intracellular Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126484. [PMID: 34204285 PMCID: PMC8235465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic intracellular bacteria, parasites and viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate mammalian host cells to serve as niches for persistence and proliferation. The intracellular lifestyles of pathogens involve the manipulation of membrane-bound organellar compartments of host cells. In this review, we described how normal structural organization and cellular functions of endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or lipid droplets are targeted by microbial virulence mechanisms. We focus on the specific interactions of Salmonella, Legionella pneumophila, Rickettsia rickettsii, Chlamydia spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis representing intracellular bacterial pathogens, and of Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii representing intracellular parasites. The replication strategies of various viruses, i.e., Influenza A virus, Poliovirus, Brome mosaic virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Hepatitis C virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS), Dengue virus, Zika virus, and others are presented with focus on the specific manipulation of the organelle compartments. We compare the specific features of intracellular lifestyle and replication cycles, and highlight the communalities in mechanisms of manipulation deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kellermann
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Felix Scharte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
- CellNanOs–Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-541-969-3940
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14
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Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest division of the peripheral nervous system and closely resembles components and functions of the central nervous system. Although the central role of the ENS in congenital enteric neuropathic disorders, including Hirschsprung disease and inflammatory and functional bowel diseases, is well acknowledged, its role in systemic diseases is less understood. Evidence of a disordered ENS has accumulated in neurodegenerative diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis to Parkinson disease as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. The ENS is a key modulator of gut barrier function and a regulator of enteric homeostasis. A 'leaky gut' represents the gateway for bacterial and toxin translocation that might initiate downstream processes. Data indicate that changes in the gut microbiome acting in concert with the individual genetic background can modify the ENS, central nervous system and the immune system, impair barrier function, and contribute to various disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the ENS in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, highlighting its interaction with various key players involved in shaping the phenotypes. Finally, current flaws and pitfalls related to ENS research in addition to future perspectives are also addressed.
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15
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Host Genome-Wide Association Study of Infant Susceptibility to Shigella-Associated Diarrhea. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00012-21. [PMID: 33649051 PMCID: PMC8316060 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00012-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea globally and the causative agent of shigellosis and bacillary dysentery. Associated with 80 to 165 million cases of diarrhea and >13% of diarrheal deaths, in many regions, Shigella exposure is ubiquitous while infection is heterogenous. To characterize host-genetic susceptibility to Shigella-associated diarrhea, we performed two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including Bangladeshi infants from the PROVIDE and CBC birth cohorts in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cases were infants with Shigella-associated diarrhea (n = 143) and controls were infants with no Shigella-associated diarrhea in the first 13 months of life (n = 446). Shigella-associated diarrhea was identified via quantitative PCR (qPCR) threshold cycle (CT ) distributions for the ipaH gene, carried by all four Shigella species and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli Host GWAS were performed under an additive genetic model. A joint analysis identified protective loci on chromosomes 11 (rs582240, within the KRT18P59 pseudogene; P = 6.40 × 10-8; odds ratio [OR], 0.43) and 8 (rs12550437, within the lincRNA RP11-115J16.1; P = 1.49 × 10-7; OR, 0.48). Conditional analyses identified two previously suggestive loci, a protective locus on chromosome 7 (rs10266841, within the 3' untranslated region [UTR] of CYTH3; P conditional = 1.48 × 10-7; OR, 0.44) and a risk-associated locus on chromosome 10 (rs2801847, an intronic variant within MPP7; P conditional = 8.37 × 10-8; OR, 5.51). These loci have all been indirectly linked to bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) activity, its components, and bacterial effectors delivered into host cells. Host genetic factors that may affect bacterial T3SS activity and are associated with the host response to Shigella-associated diarrhea may provide insight into vaccine and drug development efforts for Shigella-associated diarrheal disease.
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16
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Cross-Kingdom Activation of Vibrio Toxins by ADP-Ribosylation Factor Family GTPases. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00278-20. [PMID: 32900828 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00278-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Vibrio species use many different approaches to subvert, attack, and undermine the host response. The toxins they produce are often responsible for the devastating effects associated with their diseases. These toxins target a variety of host proteins, which leads to deleterious effects, including dissolution of cell organelle integrity and inhibition of protein secretion. Becoming increasingly prevalent as cofactors for Vibrio toxins are proteins of the small GTPase families. ADP-ribosylation factor small GTPases (ARFs) in particular are emerging as a common host cofactor necessary for full activation of Vibrio toxins. While ARFs are not the direct target of Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin (CT), ARF binding is required for its optimal activity as an ADP-ribosyltransferase. The makes caterpillars floppy (MCF)-like and the domain X (DmX) effectors of the Vibrio vulnificus multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin also both require ARFs to initiate autoprocessing and activation as independent effectors. ARFs are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and are key regulators of many cellular processes, and as such they are ideal cofactors for Vibrio pathogens that infect many host species. In this review, we cover in detail the known Vibrio toxins that use ARFs as cross-kingdom activators to both stimulate and optimize their activity. We further discuss how these contrast to toxins and effectors from other bacterial species that coactivate, stimulate, or directly modify host ARFs as their mechanisms of action.
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17
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Mei L, Qiu X, Jiang C, Yang A. Host Delipidation Mediated by Bacterial Effectors. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:238-250. [PMID: 33092951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, the covalent attachment of a lipid moiety to a target protein, plays a critical role in many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. Bacterial pathogens secrete various effectors to subvert the host signaling pathway as a mechanism of microbial pathogenesis. An increasing number of effectors from diverse bacterial pathogens function as cysteine proteases to cause irreversible delipidation of host lipidated proteins. This in turn results in disruption of crucial lipidation-mediated host signal transduction, thereby enabling pathogen survival and replication. In this review, we discuss the role of the bacterial effectors in interactions with the host and highlight our knowledge of irreversible host delipidation, with a focus on the common concerted biochemical mechanisms of the bacterial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Ultrafast Transient Materials Science Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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18
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Li X, Guo R, Wu X, Liu X, Ai L, Sheng Y, Song Z, Wu Y. Dynamic digestion of tamarind seed polysaccharide: Indigestibility in gastrointestinal simulations and gut microbiota changes in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Nigro G, Arena ET, Sachse M, Moya-Nilges M, Marteyn BS, Sansonetti PJ, Campbell-Valois FX. Mapping of Shigella flexneri's tissue distribution and type III secretion apparatus activity during infection of the large intestine of guinea pigs. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5580288. [PMID: 31578543 PMCID: PMC6920510 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella spp. are bacterial pathogens that invade the human colonic mucosa using a type III secretion apparatus (T3SA), a proteinaceous device activated upon contact with host cells. Active T3SAs translocate proteins that carve the intracellular niche of Shigella spp. Nevertheless, the activation state of the T3SA has not been addressed in vivo. Here, we used a green fluorescent protein transcription-based secretion activity reporter (TSAR) to provide a spatio-temporal description of S. flexneri T3SAs activity in the colon of Guinea pigs. First, we observed that early mucus release is triggered in the vicinity of luminal bacteria with inactive T3SA. Subsequent mucosal invasion showed bacteria with active T3SA associated with the brush border, eventually penetrating into epithelial cells. From 2 to 8 h post-challenge, the infection foci expanded, and these intracellular bacteria displayed homogeneously high-secreting activity, while extracellular foci within the lamina propria featured bacteria with low secretion activity. We also found evidence that within lamina propria macrophages, bacteria reside in vacuoles instead of accessing the cytosol. Finally, bacteria were cleared from tissues between 8 and 24 h post-challenge, highlighting the hit-and-run colonization strategy of Shigella. This study demonstrates how genetically encoded reporters can contribute to deciphering pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nigro
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ellen T Arena
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Martin Sachse
- Ultrastructural Bioimaging unit, Institut Pasteur, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maryse Moya-Nilges
- Ultrastructural Bioimaging unit, Institut Pasteur, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoit S Marteyn
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR9002, 2 Allée Konrad Roentgen, 67084 Strasbourg, France.,Unité Pathogenèse des Infections Vasculaires, Institut Pasteur, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
| | - F-X Campbell-Valois
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, 24-28 rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,The Host-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Cervantes-Rivera R, Tronnet S, Puhar A. Complete genome sequence and annotation of the laboratory reference strain Shigella flexneri serotype 5a M90T and genome-wide transcriptional start site determination. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:285. [PMID: 32252626 PMCID: PMC7132871 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans. Shigella invades cells of the colonic mucosa owing to its virulence plasmid-encoded Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS), and multiplies in the target cell cytosol. Although the laboratory reference strain S. flexneri serotype 5a M90T has been extensively used to understand the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, its complete genome sequence is not available, thereby greatly limiting studies employing high-throughput sequencing and systems biology approaches. Results We have sequenced, assembled, annotated and manually curated the full genome of S. flexneri 5a M90T. This yielded two complete circular contigs, the chromosome and the virulence plasmid (pWR100). To obtain the genome sequence, we have employed long-read PacBio DNA sequencing followed by polishing with Illumina RNA-seq data. This provides a new hybrid strategy to prepare gapless, highly accurate genome sequences, which also cover AT-rich tracks or repetitive sequences that are transcribed. Furthermore, we have performed genome-wide analysis of transcriptional start sites (TSS) and determined the length of 5′ untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) at typical culture conditions for the inoculum of in vitro infection experiments. We identified 6723 primary TSS (pTSS) and 7328 secondary TSS (sTSS). The S. flexneri 5a M90T annotated genome sequence and the transcriptional start sites are integrated into RegulonDB (http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx) and RSAT (http://embnet.ccg.unam.mx/rsat/) databases to use their analysis tools in the S. flexneri 5a M90T genome. Conclusions We provide the first complete genome for S. flexneri serotype 5a, specifically the laboratory reference strain M90T. Our work opens the possibility of employing S. flexneri M90T in high-quality systems biology studies such as transcriptomic and differential expression analyses or in genome evolution studies. Moreover, the catalogue of TSS that we report here can be used in molecular pathogenesis studies as a resource to know which genes are transcribed before infection of host cells. The genome sequence, together with the analysis of transcriptional start sites, is also a valuable tool for precise genetic manipulation of S. flexneri 5a M90T. Further, we present a new hybrid strategy to prepare gapless, highly accurate genome sequences. Unlike currently used hybrid strategies combining long- and short-read DNA sequencing technologies to maximize accuracy, our workflow using long-read DNA sequencing and short-read RNA sequencing provides the added value of using non-redundant technologies, which yield distinct, exploitable datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cervantes-Rivera
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophie Tronnet
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Puhar
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden. .,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Samassa F, Ferrari ML, Husson J, Mikhailova A, Porat Z, Sidaner F, Brunner K, Teo TH, Frigimelica E, Tinevez JY, Sansonetti PJ, Thoulouze MI, Phalipon A. Shigella impairs human T lymphocyte responsiveness by hijacking actin cytoskeleton dynamics and T cell receptor vesicular trafficking. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13166. [PMID: 31957253 PMCID: PMC7187243 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strategies employed by pathogenic enteric bacteria, such as Shigella, to subvert the host adaptive immunity are not well defined. Impairment of T lymphocyte chemotaxis by blockage of polarised edge formation has been reported upon Shigella infection. However, the functional impact of Shigella on T lymphocytes remains to be determined. Here, we show that Shigella modulates CD4+ T cell F‐actin dynamics and increases cell cortical stiffness. The scanning ability of T lymphocytes when encountering antigen‐presenting cells (APC) is subsequently impaired resulting in decreased cell–cell contacts (or conjugates) between the two cell types, as compared with non‐infected T cells. In addition, the few conjugates established between the invaded T cells and APCs display no polarised delivery and accumulation of the T cell receptor to the contact zone characterising canonical immunological synapses. This is most likely due to the targeting of intracellular vesicular trafficking by the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors IpaJ and VirA. The collective impact of these cellular reshapings by Shigella eventually results in T cell activation dampening. Altogether, these results highlight the combined action of T3SS effectors leading to T cell defects upon Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata Samassa
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Mariana L Ferrari
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Julien Husson
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Katja Brunner
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France.,Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Armelle Phalipon
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Paris, France
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