1
|
Kalinauskas M, Shuhani Y, Pinto LV, Inácio M, Pereira P. Mapping ecosystem services in protected areas. A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169248. [PMID: 38101645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) supply ecosystem services (ES) essential for human wellbeing. Mapping is a critical exercise that allows an understanding of the spatial distribution of the different ES in PAs. This work aims to conduct a systematic literature review on mapping ES in PAs. In order to carry out this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was applied. The results showed an increase in the number of works between 2012 and 2023, and they were especially conducted in Europe and Asia and less in North America, South America, and Oceania. Most studies were developed in terrestrial areas, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified them into types II and IV. Most of the works followed the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment classification and were mainly focused on the supply dimension. Regulating and maintenance and cultural ES were the most mapped dimensions in PAs. The most frequent provisioning ES mapped in PAs were Animals reared for nutritional purposes and Cultivated terrestrial plants grown for nutritional purposes. In regulating and maintenance, Maintaining nursery populations and habitats and Regulation of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and oceans were the most analysed. For cultural ES, Characteristics of living systems that enable activities promoting health, recuperation, or enjoyment through active or immersive interactions and Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences were the most mapped ES in PAs. Most works followed a quantitative approach, although the number of qualitative studies is high. Finally, most of the works needed to be validated, which may hamper the credibility of mapping ES in PAs. Overall, this systematic review contributed to a global picture of studies distribution, the areas where they are needed, and the most popular dimensions and sections as the methodologies were applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kalinauskas
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuliana Shuhani
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Luís Valença Pinto
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agrarian Technical School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Inácio
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ovando D, Liu O, Molina R, Parma A, Szuwalski C. Global effects of marine protected areas on food security are unknown. Nature 2023; 621:E34-E36. [PMID: 37730877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ovando
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Owen Liu
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renato Molina
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science and Miami Herbert Business School, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ana Parma
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Cody Szuwalski
- Alaska Fishery Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vigo M, Navarro J, Aguzzi J, Bahamón N, García JA, Rotllant G, Recasens L, Company JB. ROV-based monitoring of passive ecological recovery in a deep-sea no-take fishery reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163339. [PMID: 37087018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of marine conservation, trawl fishing activity is the most important ecosystem stressor in demersal Mediterranean waters. Limited management measures in bottom trawling have caused deep-sea stocks of the iconic Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus to decrease over the last decade. This crustacean acts as an umbrella species for co-existing megafauna. Here, we used non-invasive Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) video-surveys to investigate the status of a pilot deep-sea no-take reserve implemented in the northwestern Mediterranean by quantifying demographic indicators of Norway lobsters and the co-existing benthic community, seafloor restoration, and the presence of marine litter. The results revealed that in the no-take reserve the Norway lobster stock showed higher abundance and biomass, and slightly larger body sizes than in the control area without fishing prohibition. Some taxa, such as the fishes Helicolenus dactylopterus and Trigla lyra and anemones of the family Cerianthidae, increased in abundance. We also observed that all trawling marks were smoothed and most of the seafloor was intact, clear indicators of the recovery of the muddy seafloor. The accumulation of marine debris and terrestrial vegetation was similar in the no-take reserve and the fished area. On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that the use of no-take reserves might be an effective measure for recovering the Norway lobster stock, its co-existing megafauna community, and the surrounding demersal habitat. We also suggest that ROV video-survey might be a useful, and non-invasive method to monitor megafauna and seafloor status in protected deep-sea environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vigo
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacopo Aguzzi
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Nixon Bahamón
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio García
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Rotllant
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Recasens
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan B Company
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bento R, Jabado RW, Sawaf M, Bejarano I, Samara F, Yaghmour F, Mateos-Molina D. Oyster beds in the United Arab Emirates: Important fishing grounds in need of protection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113992. [PMID: 35939931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is scarce information on the current importance of oyster beds as fishing grounds in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aims to understand the socio-economic value of oyster bed fisheries through questionnaire-based surveys with fishers. Of 106 Emirati fishers interviewed, 67 % use oyster beds due to the proximity to shore, better catch quality, and species abundance. Oyster bed fisheries are recreational and commercial, with handline and fish traps the most common used gears. They provide food for local consumption and cash income. All respondents noticed a fish abundance and size decrease throughout the last decade. Fishers suggest establishing marine protected areas and updating fishing regulations to improve fishing stock status. During the Covid-19 pandemic, oyster fisheries increased, highlighting the value of these fishing grounds for food availability. These fisheries support the local economy and heritage, and urgently need management to ensure the protection of these often-overlooked habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bento
- Emirates Nature - WWF, P.O. Box 23304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rima W Jabado
- Elasmo Project, P.O. Box 29588, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moaz Sawaf
- Emirates Nature - WWF, P.O. Box 23304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivonne Bejarano
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Yaghmour
- Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre (Scientific Research Department), Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Kalba, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Emirates Nature - WWF, P.O. Box 23304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Depto. Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Practice of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries on the High Seas: Challenges and Suggestions. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) has developed rapidly and become an important method of high seas fishery management. The EAF has already been practiced by many Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. The practice of the approach in the management of high seas fisheries faces numerous challenges, such as constraints by the approach, increasing stakeholders affecting the implementation of the EAF, inconsistency with political ocean boundaries, resistance from vested interests, and the threat of Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated fishing. In order to deal with the dilemma faced by EAF, ideas are proposed as follows, building a sense of maritime community with a shared future, advancing the approach by explicating definition, objectives, and priorities, strengthening coordination and cooperation between the states and regional fisheries organizations, adopting area-based management tools with biogeographical criteria, and enhancing the level of stakeholders’ participation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marwaha N, Beveridge MCM, Phillips MJ. Fad, Food, or Feed: Alternative Seafood and Its Contribution to Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.750253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic foods, or “seafood”, are an integral part of the global food system that contribute significantly to many dimensions of human wellbeing, including livelihoods and food and nutrition security. Fish, molluscs, crustaceans, algae and other aquatic foods are of particular importance in low- and middle-income countries as a source of employment, income, and nutrition for many poor and vulnerable people, including women. Global concern over the ability of fisheries and aquaculture to sustainably meet future seafood demand is driving improvements in technology and management. It has also inspired the emergence of plant-based and cell-based seafood, collectively termed “alternative seafood”. Growing investment, consumer demand, and participation by major food companies in the alternative seafood sector necessitate an evaluation of potential opportunities and challenges alternative seafood poses to food systems. This paper explores key economic, social, and environmental implications associated with production, distribution, and consumption of alternative seafood and its interactions with fisheries and aquaculture over the next decade, with specific emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. Available data on current supply and projected growth suggest that alternative seafood may account for almost eight percent of global seafood supplies destined for human consumption in 2030. Assuming current production techniques and expected technological development, the sector has potential for reduced environmental impacts relative to the existing fisheries and aquaculture sectors. However, its potential to impact livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and the environment remains largely a matter of conjecture due to the lack of robust data. Mechanistically, it is believed that growth of alternative seafood supplies will lessen demand for “conventional” seafood and/or meat, a scenario with implications for livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and the environment. Such changes are contingent on technological development, human and institutional behavior, market forces, and ecological linkages and as such, remain speculative. Nevertheless, as a novel sector, new food, and potential alternative to conventional seafood and/or meat, society has an opportunity to shape the growth of alternative seafood and its contribution to national and global development goals. This paper identifies knowledge gaps that require further research to inform inclusive, equitable, and sustainable development and governance of the emerging alternative seafood sector.
Collapse
|
7
|
Inácio M, Karnauskaitė D, Gomes E, Barceló D, Pereira P. Mapping and assessment of future changes in the coastal and marine ecosystem services supply in Lithuania. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152586. [PMID: 34954181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessing and mapping ecosystem services (ES) became an integral part of coastal and marine management practices. Hence, quantitative and validated approaches are lacking, especially to address future conditions. The objective of this study is to apply further existing and develop new methodological frameworks to quantitatively assess and map the current and future supply of 3 ES in the coastal zone of Lithuania: coastal flood protection, nutrient regulation, and maintenance of nursery conditions. For coastal flood ES modelling, 2 time periods (1990 and 2018) and 4 scenarios (A0, A1 A2, A3 - based on future socio-economic changes in Lithuania) were analysed. The coastal flood protection ES model was validated (r2 = 0.30) using tree cover density. The results showed spatial differences among the analysed periods but no statistical differences. High supply areas are located in the southern coastal area, while the central part displays a low supply. For nutrient regulation and maintenance of nursery conditions, 7 time periods were analysed: a historical period and 6 scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The nutrient regulation ES model was validated (r2 = 0.85) using in situ nutrient. Statistical differences were observed for this ES, but a similar spatial distribution of high and low supply areas. A decrease in the supply was observed comparing the historical period and future scenarios. Maintenance of nursery conditions was validated (r2 = 0.72) based on the protection status of the coastal zone. Results show no statistical differences and similar spatial patterns among the periods. Rocky and sandbank areas show a high supply for this ES. Limitations of our work are mainly related to the resolution of the utilised indicators. Nevertheless, the information obtained from our models can support spatial planning and decision-making processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Inácio
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Donalda Karnauskaitė
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eduardo Gomes
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Milne R, Bauch CT, Anand M. Local Overfishing Patterns Have Regional Effects on Health of Coral, and Economic Transitions Can Promote Its Recovery. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:46. [PMID: 35182222 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Overfishing has the potential to severely disrupt coral reef ecosystems worldwide, while harvesting at more sustainable levels instead can boost fish yield without damaging reefs. The dispersal abilities of reef species mean that coral reefs form highly connected environments, and the viability of reef fish populations depends on spatially explicit processes such as the spillover effect and unauthorized harvesting inside marine protected areas. However, much of the literature on coral conservation and management has only examined overfishing on a local scale, without considering how different spatial patterns of fishing levels can affect reef health both locally and regionally. Here, we simulate a coupled human-environment model to determine how coral and herbivorous reef fish respond to overfishing across multiple spatial scales. We find that coral and reef fish react in opposite ways to habitat fragmentation driven by overfishing, and that a potential spillover effect from marine protected areas into overfished patches helps coral populations far less than it does reef fish. We also show that ongoing economic transitions from fishing to tourism have the potential to revive fish and coral populations over a relatively short timescale, and that large-scale reef recovery is possible even if these transitions only occur locally. Our results show the importance of considering spatial dynamics in marine conservation efforts and demonstrate the ability of economic factors to cause regime shifts in human-environment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Milne
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Chris T Bauch
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Madhur Anand
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Willis SC, Hollenbeck CM, Puritz JB, Portnoy DS. Genetic recruitment patterns are patchy and spatiotemporally unpredictable in a deep-water snapper (Lutjanus vivanus) sampled in fished and protected areas of western Puerto Rico. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Balmford A. Concentrating vs. spreading our footprint: how to meet humanity's needs at least cost to nature. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Balmford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Golden CD, Gephart JA, Eurich JG, McCauley DJ, Sharp MK, Andrew NL, Seto KL. Social-ecological traps link food systems to nutritional outcomes. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Bonaccorso E, Ordóñez-Garza N, Pazmiño DA, Hearn A, Páez-Rosas D, Cruz S, Muñoz-Pérez JP, Espinoza E, Suárez J, Muñoz-Rosado LD, Vizuete A, Chaves JA, Torres MDL, Bustos W, Rueda D, Hirschfeld M, Guayasamin JM. International fisheries threaten globally endangered sharks in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean: the case of the Fu Yuan Yu Leng 999 reefer vessel seized within the Galápagos Marine Reserve. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14959. [PMID: 34294756 PMCID: PMC8298506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shark fishing, driven by the fin trade, is the primary cause of global shark population declines. Here, we present a case study that exemplifies how industrial fisheries are likely depleting shark populations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. In August 2017, the vessel Fu Yuan Yu Leng 999, of Chinese flag, was detained while crossing through the Galápagos Marine Reserve without authorization. This vessel contained 7639 sharks, representing one of the largest seizures recorded to date. Based on a sample of 929 individuals (12%), we found 12 shark species: 9 considered as Vulnerable or higher risk by the IUCN and 8 listed in CITES. Four species showed a higher proportion of immature than mature individuals, whereas size-distribution hints that at least some of the fishing ships associated with the operation may have been using purse-seine gear fishing equipment, which, for some species, goes against international conventions. Our data expose the magnitude of the threat that fishing industries and illegal trade represent to sharks in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonaccorso
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador. .,Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Nicté Ordóñez-Garza
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana A Pazmiño
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Alex Hearn
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Diego Páez-Rosas
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Cruz
- Independent Researcher, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Eduardo Espinoza
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Jenifer Suárez
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Lauren D Muñoz-Rosado
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Vizuete
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Jaime A Chaves
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador.,Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria de Lourde Torres
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Walter Bustos
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Danny Rueda
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Maximilian Hirschfeld
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador.,James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reply to Ovando et al.: How connected are global fisheries? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100364118. [PMID: 34074776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100364118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
14
|
Models of marine protected areas must explicitly address spatial dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025958118. [PMID: 34074771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025958118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
15
|
Increasing fisheries harvest with MPAs: Leaving South and Southeast Asia behind. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026410118. [PMID: 33875603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026410118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Cabral RB, Bradley D, Mayorga J, Goodell W, Friedlander AM, Sala E, Costello C, Gaines SD. Reply to Hilborn: We agree that MPAs can improve fish catch in the South and Southeast Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100660118. [PMID: 33875605 PMCID: PMC8092602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reniel B Cabral
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117;
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| | - Darcy Bradley
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| | - Juan Mayorga
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Whitney Goodell
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kane'ohe, HI 96744
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sala E, Mayorga J, Bradley D, Cabral RB, Atwood TB, Auber A, Cheung W, Costello C, Ferretti F, Friedlander AM, Gaines SD, Garilao C, Goodell W, Halpern BS, Hinson A, Kaschner K, Kesner-Reyes K, Leprieur F, McGowan J, Morgan LE, Mouillot D, Palacios-Abrantes J, Possingham HP, Rechberger KD, Worm B, Lubchenco J. Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate. Nature 2021; 592:397-402. [PMID: 33731930 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources and is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective tool for restoring ocean biodiversity and ecosystem services1,2, but at present only 2.7% of the ocean is highly protected3. This low level of ocean protection is due largely to conflicts with fisheries and other extractive uses. To address this issue, here we developed a conservation planning framework to prioritize highly protected MPAs in places that would result in multiple benefits today and in the future. We find that a substantial increase in ocean protection could have triple benefits, by protecting biodiversity, boosting the yield of fisheries and securing marine carbon stocks that are at risk from human activities. Our results show that most coastal nations contain priority areas that can contribute substantially to achieving these three objectives of biodiversity protection, food provision and carbon storage. A globally coordinated effort could be nearly twice as efficient as uncoordinated, national-level conservation planning. Our flexible prioritization framework could help to inform both national marine spatial plans4 and global targets for marine conservation, food security and climate action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Juan Mayorga
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Darcy Bradley
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Reniel B Cabral
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Trisha B Atwood
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Arnaud Auber
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique de Manche et Mer du Nord, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - William Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Costello
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Whitney Goodell
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Audra Hinson
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Laboratory, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Boris Worm
- Ocean Frontiers Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loeffler CR, Tartaglione L, Friedemann M, Spielmeyer A, Kappenstein O, Bodi D. Ciguatera Mini Review: 21st Century Environmental Challenges and the Interdisciplinary Research Efforts Rising to Meet Them. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3027. [PMID: 33804281 PMCID: PMC7999458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the livelihoods of over a billion people are affected by changes to marine ecosystems, both structurally and systematically. Resources and ecosystem services, provided by the marine environment, contribute nutrition, income, and health benefits for communities. One threat to these securities is ciguatera poisoning; worldwide, the most commonly reported non-bacterial seafood-related illness. Ciguatera is caused by the consumption of (primarily) finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins, potent neurotoxins produced by benthic single-cell microalgae. When consumed, ciguatoxins are biotransformed and can bioaccumulate throughout the food-web via complex pathways. Ciguatera-derived food insecurity is particularly extreme for small island-nations, where fear of intoxication can lead to fishing restrictions by region, species, or size. Exacerbating these complexities are anthropogenic or natural changes occurring in global marine habitats, e.g., climate change, greenhouse-gas induced physical oceanic changes, overfishing, invasive species, and even the international seafood trade. Here we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century regarding the many facets of ciguatera, including the complex nature of this illness, the biological/environmental factors affecting the causative organisms, their toxins, vectors, detection methods, human-health oriented responses, and ultimately an outlook towards the future. Ciguatera research efforts face many social and environmental challenges this century. However, several future-oriented goals are within reach, including digital solutions for seafood supply chains, identifying novel compounds and methods with the potential for advanced diagnostics, treatments, and prediction capabilities. The advances described herein provide confidence that the tools are now available to answer many of the remaining questions surrounding ciguatera and therefore protection measures can become more accurate and routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Loeffler
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CoNISMa—National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Friedemann
- Department Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Astrid Spielmeyer
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorina Bodi
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lavin CP, Jones GP, Williamson DH, Harrison HB. Minimum size limits and the reproductive value of numerous, young, mature female fish. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202714. [PMID: 33715428 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries management relies on various catch and effort controls to preserve spawning stock biomass and maximize sustainable yields while limiting fishery impacts on marine ecosystems. These include species-specific minimum or maximum size limits to protect either small non-reproductive subadults, a portion of reproductively mature adults, or large highly fecund individuals. Protecting size classes of mature fish is expected to yield a viable source of larvae for replenishing populations and reduce the risk of recruitment overfishing, yet size-specific recruitment contributions have rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we apply genetic parentage analysis to measure the reproductive success of a size-structured population of a commercially important species of coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus-Serranidae) in no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Although the per capita reproductive success of individual fish increases rapidly with body length, the numerous young mature female fish, below the minimum size limit (MSL) (38 cm total length), were responsible for generating disproportionately large contributions (36%) towards larval replenishment of both fished and reserve reefs. Our findings indicate that MSLs are an effective harvest control measure to safeguard a portion of the spawning stock biomass for coral grouper and supplement recruitment subsidies assured from NTMRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Lavin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo B Harrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|