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Van Cise AM, Hanson MB, Emmons C, Olsen D, Matkin CO, Wells AH, Parsons KM. Spatial and seasonal foraging patterns drive diet differences among north Pacific resident killer whale populations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:rsos240445. [PMID: 39295918 PMCID: PMC11409894 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Highly social top marine predators, including many cetaceans, exhibit culturally learned ecological behaviours such as diet preference and foraging strategy that can affect their resilience to competition or anthropogenic impacts. When these species are also endangered, conservation efforts require management strategies based on a comprehensive understanding of the variability in these behaviours. In the northeast Pacific Ocean, three partially sympatric populations of resident killer whales occupy coastal ecosystems from California to Alaska. One population (southern resident killer whales) is endangered, while another (southern Alaska resident killer whales) has exhibited positive abundance trends for the last several decades. Using 185 faecal samples collected from both populations between 2011 and 2021, we compare variability in diet preference to provide insight into differences in foraging patterns that may be linked with the relative success and decline of these populations. We find broad similarities in the diet of the two populations, with differences arising from spatiotemporal and social variability in resource use patterns, especially in the timing of shifts between target prey species. The results described here highlight the importance of comprehensive longitudinal monitoring of foraging ecology to inform management strategies for endangered, highly social top marine predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Van Cise
- North Gulf Oceanic Society, Visiting Scientist at Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Bradley Hanson
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candice Emmons
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan Olsen
- North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA
| | | | - Abigail H Wells
- Lynker Technologies, Leesburg, VA, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim M Parsons
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Barclay KM, Amos P, Leighton LR, Schneider CL, Baum JK. Predation scars provide a new method to distinguish native and invasive crab predation on mollusc prey. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70338. [PMID: 39318527 PMCID: PMC11419948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Crab species are increasingly important socioeconomic resources that are threatened by human exploitation, climate change, and invasive species, such as European green crabs (Carcinus maenas). However, the continued health of their populations is often uncertain given the limited long-term population data, necessitating alternate approaches to ensure their continued viability. Furthermore, C. maenas are one of the most highly invasive and destructive marine species globally, posing a threat to local ecosystems and species, including socioeconomically important crabs and their mollusc prey. Improved understanding of C. maenas invasions and their impacts on local crab and mollusc resources is therefore vitally important. Here, we present a new method for identifying species-level presence and relative abundances of important crab species, including invasive C. maenas, from the scars they leave on their prey. We conducted controlled manipulative feeding experiments in which individuals of Dungeness crabs (Metacarcinus magister), red rock crabs (Cancer productus), and C. maenas, were allowed to attack snails (Tegula funebralis) and produce sublethal shell damage. Resulting shell damage was photographed and landmarked for geometric morphometric analyses to determine any differences in the shape of shell damage between crab species. There were statistically significant differences between the shape of shell damage created by all three crab species (p < .0001). Shell damage formed a gradient from narrow/deep (C. productus) to shallow/wide (C. maenas) with M. magister as an intermediate form. Our method provides a novel, cost-effective tool for long-term species-specific reconstructions of crab populations and assessing the broader ecological impacts of C. maenas invasions that can inform management and mitigation for these three important crab species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Barclay
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Department of Anthropology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Paige Amos
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Lindsey R Leighton
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Chris L Schneider
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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3
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Waller MJ, Humphries NE, Womersley FC, Loveridge A, Jeffries AL, Watanabe Y, Payne N, Semmens J, Queiroz N, Southall EJ, Sims DW. The vulnerability of sharks, skates, and rays to ocean deoxygenation: Physiological mechanisms, behavioral responses, and ecological impacts. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:482-511. [PMID: 38852616 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Levels of dissolved oxygen in open ocean and coastal waters are decreasing (ocean deoxygenation), with poorly understood effects on marine megafauna. All of the more than 1000 species of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are obligate water breathers, with a variety of life-history strategies and oxygen requirements. This review demonstrates that although many elasmobranchs typically avoid hypoxic water, they also appear capable of withstanding mild to moderate hypoxia with changes in activity, ventilatory responses, alterations to circulatory and hematological parameters, and morphological alterations to gill structures. However, such strategies may be insufficient to withstand severe, progressive, or prolonged hypoxia or anoxia where anaerobic metabolic pathways may be used for limited periods. As water temperatures increase with climate warming, ectothermic elasmobranchs will exhibit elevated metabolic rates and are likely to be less able to tolerate the effects of even mild hypoxia associated with deoxygenation. As a result, sustained hypoxic conditions in warmer coastal or surface-pelagic waters are likely to lead to shifts in elasmobranch distributions. Mass mortalities of elasmobranchs linked directly to deoxygenation have only rarely been observed but are likely underreported. One key concern is how reductions in habitat volume as a result of expanding hypoxia resulting from deoxygenation will influence interactions between elasmobranchs and industrial fisheries. Catch per unit of effort of threatened pelagic sharks by longline fisheries, for instance, has been shown to be higher above oxygen minimum zones compared to adjacent, normoxic regions, and attributed to vertical habitat compression of sharks overlapping with increased fishing effort. How a compound stressor such as marine heatwaves alters vulnerability to deoxygenation remains an open question. With over a third of elasmobranch species listed as endangered, a priority for conservation and management now lies in understanding and mitigating ocean deoxygenation effects in addition to population declines already occurring from overfishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Waller
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Amy L Jeffries
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yuuki Watanabe
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nicholas Payne
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jayson Semmens
- Institue for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS, Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Wang YH, Ruttenberg BI, Walter RK, Pendleton F, Samhouri JF, Liu OR, White C. High resolution assessment of commercial fisheries activity along the US West Coast using Vessel Monitoring System data with a case study using California groundfish fisheries. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298868. [PMID: 38843128 PMCID: PMC11156284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial fisheries along the US West Coast are important components of local and regional economies. They use various fishing gear, target a high diversity of species, and are highly spatially heterogeneous, making it challenging to generate a synoptic picture of fisheries activity in the region. Still, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of US West Coast fisheries is critical to meet the US legal mandate to manage fisheries sustainably and to better coordinate activities among a growing number of users of ocean space, including offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, shipping, and interactions with habitats and key non-fishery species such as seabirds and marine mammals. We analyzed vessel tracking data from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) from 2010 to 2017 to generate high-resolution spatio-temporal estimates of contemporary fishing effort across a wide range of commercial fisheries along the entire US West Coast. We identified over 247,000 fishing trips across the entire VMS data, covering over 25 different fisheries. We validated the spatial accuracy of our analyses using independent estimates of spatial groundfish fisheries effort generated through the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Observer Program. Additionally, for commercial groundfish fisheries operating in federal waters in California, we combined the VMS data with landings and ex-vessel value data from California commercial fisheries landings receipts to generate highly resolved estimates of landings and ex-vessel value, matching over 38,000 fish tickets with VMS data that included 87% of the landings and 76% of the ex-vessel value for groundfish. We highlight fisheries-specific and spatially-resolved patterns of effort, landings, and ex-vessel value, a bimodal distribution of fishing effort with respect to depth, and variable and generally declining effort over eight years. The information generated by our study can help inform future sustainable spatial fisheries management and other activities in the marine environment including offshore renewable energy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Wang
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan K. Walter
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Frank Pendleton
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Jameal F. Samhouri
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Owen R. Liu
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Crow White
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
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Monteiro M, de Castro SLP, Marques SC, Freitas R, Azeiteiro UM. An emergent treat: Marine heatwaves - Implications for marine decapod crustacean species - An overview. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116004. [PMID: 37116673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-mediated climate change severely affects the oceans. The most common definition of a Marine heatwave (MHW) considers that water temperatures rise above the 90th percentile threshold values, based on the last 30 years' average of temperature records for a particular location, and remains this high for five or more days. The current review addresses the evolution of definitions used, as well as the current understanding of the driving mechanisms of MHWs. The collected information shows that the study of MHW is recent and there is a growing interest among the scientific community on this topic, motivated largely by the impacts that pose to marine ecosystems. Further, a more in-depth analysis was carried out, addressing the impacts of MHW events on marine decapod crustacean species. The investigation of such impacts has been carried out using three main methodological approaches: the analysis of in situ records, observed in 33 studies; simulating MHW events through mesocosm experiments, found in 6 studies; and using computational predictive models, detected in 1 study. From the literature available it has been demonstrated that consequences are serious for these species, from altered expansion ranges to alterations of assemblages' abundances. Still, studies addressing the impacts of these extreme events on the decapod communities are scarce, often only limited to adult life forms of commercially relevant species, neglecting non-commercial ones and meroplanktonic life stages. Despite the severe impacts on the health of ecosystems, repercussions on socioeconomic human activities, like fisheries and aquaculture, are also a reality. Overall, this review aims to raise scientific and public awareness of these marine events, which are projected to increase in intensity and frequency in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a growing need to better understand and predict the mechanisms responsible for these extreme events and the impacts on key species, like decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Sónia Cotrim Marques
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ulisses M Azeiteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Amaya DJ, Jacox MG, Fewings MR, Saba VS, Stuecker MF, Rykaczewski RR, Ross AC, Stock CA, Capotondi A, Petrik CM, Bograd SJ, Alexander MA, Cheng W, Hermann AJ, Kearney KA, Powell BS. Marine heatwaves need clear definitions so coastal communities can adapt. Nature 2023; 616:29-32. [PMID: 37012469 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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7
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Ogier EM, Smith DC, Breen S, Gardner C, Gaughan DJ, Gorfine HK, Hobday AJ, Moltschaniwskyj N, Murphy R, Saunders T, Steer M, Woodhams J. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian fisheries production, research organisations and assessment: shocks, responses and implications for decision support and resilience. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2023; 33:513-534. [PMID: 37122955 PMCID: PMC9977636 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Australia's fisheries have experience in responding individually to specific shocks to stock levels (for example, marine heatwaves, floods) and markets (for example, global financial crisis, food safety access barriers). The COVID-19 pandemic was, however, novel in triggering a series of systemic shocks and disruptions to the activities and operating conditions for all Australia's commercial fisheries sectors including those of the research agencies that provide the information needed for their sustainable management. While these disruptions have a single root cause-the public health impacts and containment responses to the COVID-19 pandemic-their transmission and effects have been varied. We examine both the impacts on Australian fisheries triggered by measures introduced by governments both internationally and domestically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and the countermeasures introduced to support continuity in fisheries and aquaculture production and supply chains. Impacts on fisheries production are identified by comparing annual and monthly catch data for Australia's commercial fisheries in 2020 with averages for the last 4-5 years. We combine this with a survey of the short-term disruption to and impacts on research organisations engaged in fisheries monitoring and assessment and the adaptive measures they deployed. The dominant impact identified was triggered by containment measures both within Australia and in export receiving countries which led to loss of export markets and domestic dine-in markets for live or fresh seafood. The most heavily impact fisheries included lobster and abalone (exported live) and specific finfishes (exported fresh or sold live domestically), which experienced short-term reductions in both production and price. At the same time, improved prices and demand for seafood sold into domestic retail channels were observed. The impacts observed were both a function of the disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the countermeasures and support programs introduced by various national and state-level governments across Australia to at least partly mitigate negative impacts on harvesting activities and supply chains. These included protecting fisheries activities from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures, pro-actively re-establishing freight links, supporting quota roll-overs, and introducing wage and businesses support packages. Fisheries research organisations were impacted to various degrees, largely determined by the extent to which their field monitoring activities were protected from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures by their state-level governments. Responses of these organisations included reducing fisheries dependent and independent data collection as required while developing strategies to continue to provide assessment services, including opportunistic innovations to harvest data from new data sources. Observed short run impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has emphasised both the vulnerability of fisheries dependent on export markets, live or fresh markets, and long supply chains and the resilience of fisheries research programs. We suggest that further and more comprehensive analysis over a longer time period of the long-run impacts of subsequent waves of variants, extended pandemic containment measures, autonomous and planned adaptive responses would be beneficial for the development of more effective counter measures for when the next major external shock affects Australian fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Ogier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - David C. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Sian Breen
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Caleb Gardner
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Gaughan
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA Australia
| | - Harry K. Gorfine
- Fisheries Management and Science Branch, Victorian Fisheries Authority, Queenscliff, VIC Australia
| | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ryan Murphy
- Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industries, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Fisheries Division, Darwin, NT Australia
| | - Mike Steer
- Aquatic and Livestock Sciences Division, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - James Woodhams
- Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra, ACT Australia
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Revenue loss due to whale entanglement mitigation and fishery closures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21554. [PMID: 36513681 PMCID: PMC9746587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whale entanglements with fishing gear, exacerbated by changing environmental conditions, pose significant risk to whale populations. Management tools used to reduce entanglement risk, for example temporary area restrictions on fishing, can have negative economic consequences for fishing communities. Balancing whale protection with sustaining productive fisheries is therefore a challenge experienced worldwide. In the California Current Ecosystem, ecosystem indicators have been used to understand the environmental dynamics that lead to increased whale entanglement risk in a lucrative crab fishery. However, an assessment of socio-economic risk for this fishery, as in many other regions, is missing. We estimate retrospectively the losses from ex-vessel revenue experienced by commercial Dungeness crab fishers in California during two seasons subject to whale entanglement mitigation measures using a Linear-Cragg hurdle modeling approach which incorporated estimates of pre-season crab abundance. In the 2020 fishing season, our results suggest total revenues would have been $14.4 million higher in the Central Management Area of California in the absence of closures and other disturbances. In the 2019 fishing season, our results suggest ex-vessel revenues would have been $9.4 million higher in the Central Management Area and $0.3 million higher in the Northern Management Area. Our evaluation should motivate the development of strategies which maximize whale protection whilst promoting productive, sustainable and economically-viable fisheries.
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Salgueiro-Otero D, Barnes ML, Ojea E. Climate adaptation pathways and the role of social-ecological networks in small-scale fisheries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15526. [PMID: 36109527 PMCID: PMC9478087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have increasing impacts on marine ecosystems which will threaten the livelihoods and wellbeing of millions of people. Drawing on social-ecological network and sociodemographic data collected via face-to-face interviews with 404 small-scale commercial fishers from 9 Galician communities (Spain), we empirically examine the adaptation pathways that fishers follow when they face hypothetical impacts on their fishery resources and test the role of five social-ecological network structures on fisher’s stated intended responses to such scenarios. Our results show that fishers generally intend to follow a ‘remain—adapt—transform—exit (the fishery)’ pathway when faced with increasing climate impacts. Next, we demonstrate that trust-based bonding ties and ties to informal leaders are associated with a ‘business-as-usual’ strategy. In contrast, communicative bonding ties are associated with adaptive responses, while communicative bridging ties are associated with transformative and exit strategies. Our findings provide key empirical insight that broaden our understanding of the intricate relationship between social networks and adaptive behaviour relevant to social-ecological systems worldwide.
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Free CM, Moore SK, Trainer VL. The value of monitoring in efficiently and adaptively managing biotoxin contamination in marine fisheries. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 114:102226. [PMID: 35550293 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can produce biotoxins that accumulate in seafood species targeted by commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries and pose an increasing risk to public health as well as fisher livelihoods, recreational opportunities, and food security. Designing biotoxin monitoring and management programs that protect public health with minimal impacts to the fishing communities that underpin coastal livelihoods and food systems is critically important, especially in regions with worsening HABs due to climate change. This study reviews the history of domoic acid monitoring and management in the highly lucrative U.S. West Coast Dungeness crab fishery and highlights three changes made to these programs that efficiently and adaptively manage mounting HAB risk: (1) expanded spatial-temporal frequency of monitoring; (2) delineation of clear management zones; and (3) authorization of evisceration orders as a strategy to mitigate economic impacts. Simulation models grounded in historical data were used to measure the value of monitoring information in facilitating efficient domoic acid management. Power analysis confirmed that surveys sampling 6 crabs (the current protocol) have high power to correctly diagnose contamination levels and recommend appropriate management actions. Across a range of contamination scenarios, increasing the spatial-temporal frequency of monitoring allowed management to respond more quickly to changing toxin levels and to protect public health with the least impact on fishing opportunities. These results highlight the powerful yet underutilized role of simulation testing and power analysis in designing efficient biotoxin monitoring programs, demonstrating the credibility of these programs to stakeholders, and justifying their expense to policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Free
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Moore
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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11
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Nelson LK, Bogeberg M, Cullen A, Koehn LE, Strawn A, Levin PS. Perspectives on managing fisheries for community wellbeing in the face of climate change. MARITIME STUDIES : MAST 2022; 21:235-254. [PMID: 35299646 PMCID: PMC8758237 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coastal communities are being impacted by climate change, affecting the livelihoods, food security, and wellbeing of residents. Human wellbeing is influenced by the heath of the environment through numerous pathways and is increasingly being included as a desired outcome in environmental management. However, the contributors to wellbeing can be subjective and the values and perspectives of decision-makers can affect the aspects of wellbeing that are included in planning. We used Q methodology to examine how a group of individuals in fisheries management prioritize components of wellbeing that may be important to coastal communities in the California Current social-ecological system (SES). The California Current SES is an integrated system of ecological and human communities with complex linkages and connections where commercial fishing is part of the culture and an important livelihood. We asked individuals that sit on advisory bodies to the Pacific Fisheries Management Council to rank 36 statements about coastal community wellbeing, ultimately revealing three discourses about how we can best support or improve wellbeing in those communities. We examine how the priorities differ between the discourses, identify areas of consensus, and discuss how these perspectives may influence decision-making when it comes to tradeoffs inherent in climate adaptation in fisheries. Lastly, we consider if and how thoughts about priorities have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Nelson
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
| | - Molly Bogeberg
- The Nature Conservancy of Washington, 74 Wall St, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Alison Cullen
- Evans School of Public Policy, University of Washington, Box 353055, Seattle, WA 98195-3055 USA
| | - Laura E. Koehn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
| | - Astrea Strawn
- The Nature Conservancy of Oregon, 821 SE 14th Ave, Portland, OR 97214 USA
| | - Phillip S. Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
- The Nature Conservancy of Washington, 74 Wall St, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Box 355685, Seattle, WA 98195-5685 USA
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12
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Samhouri JF, Feist BE, Fisher MC, Liu O, Woodman SM, Abrahms B, Forney KA, Hazen EL, Lawson D, Redfern J, Saez LE. Marine heatwave challenges solutions to human-wildlife conflict. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211607. [PMID: 34847764 PMCID: PMC8634617 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events, little is known about how their impacts flow through social and ecological systems or whether management actions can dampen deleterious effects. We examined how the record 2014-2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave influenced trade-offs in managing conflict between conservation goals and human activities using a case study on large whale entanglements in the U.S. west coast's most lucrative fishery (the Dungeness crab fishery). We showed that this extreme climate event diminished the power of multiple management strategies to resolve trade-offs between entanglement risk and fishery revenue, transforming near win-win to clear win-lose outcomes (for whales and fishers, respectively). While some actions were more cost-effective than others, there was no silver-bullet strategy to reduce the severity of these trade-offs. Our study highlights how extreme climate events can exacerbate human-wildlife conflict, and emphasizes the need for innovative management and policy interventions that provide ecologically and socially sustainable solutions in an era of rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameal F. Samhouri
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Blake E. Feist
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary C. Fisher
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Owen Liu
- NRC Research Associateship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel M. Woodman
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin A. Forney
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Dan Lawson
- Protected Resources Division, West Coast Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Redfern
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Saez
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to Protected Resources Division, West Coast Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Long Beach, CA, USA
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13
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Mapping the climate risk for European fisheries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2115997118. [PMID: 34645694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115997118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Smith KE, Burrows MT, Hobday AJ, Sen Gupta A, Moore PJ, Thomsen M, Wernberg T, Smale DA. Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities. Science 2021; 374:eabj3593. [PMID: 34672757 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pippa J Moore
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mads Thomsen
- The Marine Ecology Research Group, Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8041 Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- University of Western Australia, Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen, 4817 His, Norway
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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15
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Diversification spins a heatwave safety net for fisheries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024412118. [PMID: 33419941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024412118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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