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Yang S, Deng C, Pu C, Bai X, Tian C, Chang M, Feng M. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Its Applications in Pituitary Research. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:875-893. [PMID: 39053437 PMCID: PMC11460981 DOI: 10.1159/000540352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence underscores the significance of cellular diversity within the endocrine system and the intricate interplay between different cell types and tissues, essential for preserving physiological balance and influencing disease trajectories. The pituitary gland, a central player in the endocrine orchestra, exemplifies this complexity with its assortment of hormone-secreting and nonsecreting cells. SUMMARY The pituitary gland houses several types of cells responsible for hormone production, alongside nonsecretory cells like fibroblasts and endothelial cells, each playing a crucial role in the gland's function and regulatory mechanisms. Despite the acknowledged importance of these cellular interactions, the detailed mechanisms by which they contribute to pituitary gland physiology and pathology remain largely uncharted. The last decade has seen the emergence of groundbreaking technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, offering unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and interactions. However, the application of this advanced tool in exploring the pituitary gland's complexities has been scant. This review provides an overview of this methodology, highlighting its strengths and limitations, and discusses future possibilities for employing it to deepen our understanding of the pituitary gland and its dysfunction in disease states. KEY MESSAGE Single-cell RNA sequencing technology offers an unprecedented means to study the heterogeneity and interactions of pituitary cells, though its application has been limited thus far. Further utilization of this tool will help uncover the complex physiological and pathological mechanisms of the pituitary, advancing research and treatment of pituitary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changqin Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxin Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pérez Millán MI, Cheung LYM, Mercogliano F, Camilletti MA, Chirino Felker GT, Moro LN, Miriuka S, Brinkmeier ML, Camper SA. Pituitary stem cells: past, present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:77-92. [PMID: 38102391 PMCID: PMC10964491 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary cells that express the transcription factor SOX2 are stem cells because they can self-renew and differentiate into multiple pituitary hormone-producing cell types as organoids. Wounding and physiological challenges can activate pituitary stem cells, but cell numbers are not fully restored, and the ability to mobilize stem cells decreases with increasing age. The basis of these limitations is still unknown. The regulation of stem cell quiescence and activation involves many different signalling pathways, including those mediated by WNT, Hippo and several cytokines; more research is needed to understand the interactions between these pathways. Pituitary organoids can be formed from human or mouse embryonic stem cells, or from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Human pituitary organoid transplantation is sufficient to induce corticosterone release in hypophysectomized mice, raising the possibility of therapeutic applications. Today, pituitary organoids have the potential to assess the role of individual genes and genetic variants on hormone production ex vivo, providing an important tool for the advancement of exciting frontiers in pituitary stem cell biology and pituitary organogenesis. In this article, we provide an overview of notable discoveries in pituitary stem cell function and highlight important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Pérez Millán
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Florencia Mercogliano
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Andrea Camilletti
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo T Chirino Felker
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia N Moro
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Miriuka
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Øystese KA, Olarescu NC, Lindskog C, Xheka F, Berg-Johnsen J, Petter Berg J, Bollerslev J, Casar-Borota O. Stem cell-associated transcription factors in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2024; 5:5-14. [PMID: 38845811 PMCID: PMC11155689 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2024-5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cells with stem cell features have been described in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). Transcription factors SOX2 and SOX9 are stem cell-associated markers while the pituitary progenitor marker PROP1 is involved in anterior pituitary development. We characterised the presence of these markers known to be present in the human pituitary in non-functioning (NF) PitNETs. Methods: We investigated the pituitary transcription factors SOX2, SOX9 and PROP1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (N = 125) and RT-qPCR (N = 78) in a retrospective cohort of clinically NF-PitNETs. The markers were scored based on the percentage of immunolabeled cells. IHC staining scores were compared to reintervention rates for the whole cohort, and to expression of FSH, LH or ER in gonadotroph NF-PitNETs. Results: Most tumours showed no or few cells positive for SOX2, SOX9 and PROP1. More patients with SOX2-negative tumours went through reintervention (40 % vs 19 %, p = 0.03). SOX2, SOX9 and PROP1 staining correlated positively to each other (SOX2 and SOX9 rs = 0.666, SOX2 and PROP1 rs = 0.704, SOX9 and PROP1 rs = 0.570, and p < 0.001 for all). In gonadotroph NF-PitNETs, staining for SOX2 and PROP1 was positively associated to FSHβ staining (p < 0.001 for both). Staining for SOX2, SOX9 and PROP1 was positively associated with gene expression of Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) (p < 0.001, p = 0.004 and p < 0.001) and IHC staining for ERα (p = 0.001, p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: SOX2, SOX9 and PROP1 were present at low levels in NF-PitNETs. Absence of SOX2 staining was associated with a higher reintervention rate. The stem cell markers correlated positively with markers of gonadotroph differentiation in gonadotroph NF-PitNETs. SOX2 and SOX9 were frequently coexpressed and showed positivity in intratumoural cells with epithelial features, however without coexpression of pituitary transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Astrid Øystese
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicoleta Cristina Olarescu
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Cancer precision medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabjola Xheka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Berg-Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rizzoti K, Chakravarty P, Sheridan D, Lovell-Badge R. SOX9-positive pituitary stem cells differ according to their position in the gland and maintenance of their progeny depends on context. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6911. [PMID: 37792947 PMCID: PMC10550238 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell (SC) differentiation and maintenance of resultant progeny underlie cell turnover in many organs, but it is difficult to pinpoint the contribution of either process. In the pituitary, a central regulator of endocrine axes, adult SCs undergo activation after target organ ablation, providing a well-characterized paradigm to study an adaptative response in a multi-organ system. Here, we used single-cell technologies to characterize SC heterogeneity and mobilization together with lineage tracing. We show that SC differentiation occurs more frequently than thought previously. In adaptative conditions, differentiation increases and is more diverse than demonstrated by the lineage tracing experiments. Detailed examination of SC progeny suggests that maintenance of selected nascent cells underlies SC output, highlighting a trophic role for the microenvironment. Analyses of cell trajectories further predict pathways and potential regulators. Our model provides a valuable system to study the influence of evolving states on the mechanisms of SC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Rizzoti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Daniel Sheridan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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5
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Shutova AS, Dzeranova LK, Vorotnikova SY, Kutin MA, Pigarova EA. [Modern concepts of genetic and immunohistochemical features of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:44-50. [PMID: 37448246 DOI: 10.14341/probl13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common secreting adenomas of the pituitary. In 20% of cases resistance to dopamine-agonists treatment is observed. Medical therapy resistance causes progression of pathological symptoms of hyperprolactinemia and negative topographic and anatomical changes of prolactinoma. The causes of ineffectiveness of dopamine agonists therapy are not fully understood as well as approaches to managing patients require clarification. Current concepts of resistance are based on the data obtained as a result of surgery or after a period of long-term ineffective therapy. Thus, it is very important to find methods of assessing the sensitivity of prolactin-secreting adenomas to drug therapy before surgical treatment. Genetic and immunohistochemical studies find special place among these methods, making it possible to predict adenoma's response to drug therapy at early diagnostic stage. Obtained results will allow us to form personalized algorithm for managing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M A Kutin
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
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6
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Cheung LYM, Menage L, Rizzoti K, Hamilton G, Dumontet T, Basham K, Daly AZ, Brinkmeier ML, Masser BE, Treier M, Cobb J, Delogu A, Lovell-Badge R, Hammer GD, Camper SA. Novel Candidate Regulators and Developmental Trajectory of Pituitary Thyrotropes. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad076. [PMID: 37183548 PMCID: PMC10227867 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gland regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction, the stress response, uterine contractions, lactation, and water retention. It secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic input, end organ feedback, and diurnal cues. The mechanisms by which pituitary stem cells are recruited to proliferate, maintain quiescence, or differentiate into specific cell types, especially thyrotropes, are not well understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing in juvenile P7 mouse pituitary cells to identify novel factors in pituitary cell populations, with a focus on thyrotropes and rare subtypes. We first observed cells coexpressing markers of both thyrotropes and gonadotropes, such as Pou1f1 and Nr5a1. This was validated in vivo by both immunohistochemistry and lineage tracing of thyrotropes derived from Nr5a1-Cre; mTmG mice and demonstrates that Nr5a1-progenitors give rise to a proportion of thyrotropes during development. Our data set also identifies novel factors expressed in pars distalis and pars tuberalis thyrotropes, including the Shox2b isoform in all thyrotropes and Sox14 specifically in Pou1f1-negative pars tuberalis thyrotropes. We have therefore used single-cell transcriptomics to determine a novel developmental trajectory for thyrotropes and potential novel regulators of thyrotrope populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucy Menage
- School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Greg Hamilton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- Training Program in Organogenesis, Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaitlin Basham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Current affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandre Z Daly
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Current affiliation is Vanguard, Valley Forge, PA 19482, USA
| | | | - Bailey E Masser
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mathias Treier
- Max Delbrϋck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13092 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alessio Delogu
- School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Endocrine Oncology Program, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Domingo-Muelas A, Morante-Redolat JM, Moncho-Amor V, Jordán-Pla A, Pérez-Villalba A, Carrillo-Barberà P, Belenguer G, Porlan E, Kirstein M, Bachs O, Ferrón SR, Lovell-Badge R, Fariñas I. The rates of adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are linked to cell cycle regulation through p27-dependent gene repression of SOX2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:36. [PMID: 36627412 PMCID: PMC9832098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often has to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but it is not essential for cell cycle exit. By integrating genome-wide gene expression and chromatin accessibility data, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2 and ASCL1. Our data reveal both a direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of Sox2 leads to reduced levels of its downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Moncho-Amor
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- IIS Biodonostia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Villalba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Germán Belenguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Porlan
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oriol Bachs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sacri R Ferrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Fariñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Willis TL, Lodge EJ, Andoniadou CL, Yianni V. Cellular interactions in the pituitary stem cell niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:612. [PMID: 36451046 PMCID: PMC9712314 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in the anterior pituitary gland can give rise to all resident endocrine cells and are integral components for the appropriate development and subsequent maintenance of the organ. Located in discreet niches within the gland, stem cells are involved in bi-directional signalling with their surrounding neighbours, interactions which underpin pituitary gland homeostasis and response to organ challenge or physiological demand. In this review we highlight core signalling pathways that steer pituitary progenitors towards specific endocrine fate decisions throughout development. We further elaborate on those which are conserved in the stem cell niche postnatally, including WNT, YAP/TAZ and Notch signalling. Furthermore, we have collated a directory of single cell RNA sequencing studies carried out on pituitaries across multiple organisms, which have the potential to provide a vast database to study stem cell niche components in an unbiased manner. Reviewing published data, we highlight that stem cells are one of the main signalling hubs within the anterior pituitary. In future, coupling single cell sequencing approaches with genetic manipulation tools in vivo, will enable elucidation of how previously understudied signalling pathways function within the anterior pituitary stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea L Willis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily J Lodge
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Val Yianni
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Elson DJ, Nguyen BD, Wood R, Zhang Y, Puig-Sanvicens V, Kolluri SK. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 interacts with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2056-2071. [PMID: 35735777 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 functions to coordinate cell cycle progression through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. p27Kip1 also exerts distinct activities beyond CDK-inhibition, including functioning as a transcriptional regulator. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with diverse biological roles. The regulatory inputs that control AhR-mediated transcriptional responses are an active area of investigation. AhR was previously established as a direct regulator of p27Kip1 transcription. Here, we report the physical interaction of AhR and p27Kip1 and show that p27Kip1 expression negatively regulates AhR-mediated transcription. p27Kip1 knockout cells display increased AhR nuclear localisation and significantly higher expression of AhR target genes. This work thus identifies new regulatory cross-talk between p27Kip1 and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Elson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bach D Nguyen
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rhand Wood
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Veronica Puig-Sanvicens
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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10
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Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Moncho-Amor V, Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Elua-Pinin A, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R, Matheu A. CRISPR/Cas9 Deletion of SOX2 Regulatory Region 2 ( SRR2) Decreases SOX2 Malignant Activity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071574. [PMID: 33805518 PMCID: PMC8037847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding how SOX2, a major driver of cancer stem cells, is regulated in cancer cells is relevant to tackle tumorigenesis. In this study, we deleted the SRR2 regulatory region in glioblastoma cells. Our data confirm that the SRR2 enhancer regulates SOX2 expression in cancer and reveal that SRR2 deletion halts malignant activity of SOX2. Abstract SOX2 is a transcription factor associated with stem cell activity in several tissues. In cancer, SOX2 expression is increased in samples from several malignancies, including glioblastoma, and high SOX2 levels are associated with the population of tumor-initiating cells and with poor patient outcome. Therefore, understanding how SOX2 is regulated in cancer cells is relevant to tackle tumorigenesis. The SOX2 regulatory region 2(SRR2) is located downstream of the SOX2 coding region and mediates SOX2 expression in embryonic and adult stem cells. In this study, we deleted SRR2 using CRISPR/Cas9 in glioblastoma cells. Importantly, SRR2-deleted glioblastoma cells presented reduced SOX2 expression and decreased proliferative activity and self-renewal capacity in vitro. In line with these results, SRR2-deleted glioblastoma cells displayed decreased tumor initiation and growth in vivo. These effects correlated with an elevation of p21CIP1 cell cycle and p27KIP1 quiescence regulators. In conclusion, our data reveal that SRR2 deletion halts malignant activity of SOX2 and confirms that the SRR2 enhancer regulates SOX2 expression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Saenz-Antoñanzas
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (J.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.)
| | - Veronica Moncho-Amor
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (V.M.-A.); (K.R.); (R.L.-B.)
| | - Jaione Auzmendi-Iriarte
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (J.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Elua-Pinin
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (J.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.)
- Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (V.M.-A.); (K.R.); (R.L.-B.)
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (V.M.-A.); (K.R.); (R.L.-B.)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (J.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence:
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