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Fu B, Liang J, Hu J, Du T, Tan Q, He C, Wei X, Gong P, Yang J, Liu S, Huang M, Gui L, Liu K, Zhou X, Nauen R, Bass C, Yang X, Zhang Y. GPCR-MAPK signaling pathways underpin fitness trade-offs in whitefly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402407121. [PMID: 38959045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402407121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs between evolutionary gain and loss are prevalent in nature, yet their genetic basis is not well resolved. The evolution of insect resistance to insecticide is often associated with strong fitness costs; however, how the fitness trade-offs operates remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its upstream and downstream actors underlie the fitness trade-offs associated with insecticide resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Specifically, we find a key cytochrome P450 gene CYP6CM1, that confers neonicotinoids resistance to in B. tabaci, is regulated by the MAPKs p38 and ERK through their activation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein. However, phosphorylation of p38 and ERK also leads to the activation of the transcription repressor Cap "n" collar isoform C (CncC) that negatively regulates exuperantia (Ex), vasa (Va), and benign gonial cell neoplasm (Bg), key genes involved in oogenesis, leading to abnormal ovary growth and a reduction in female fecundity. We further demonstrate that the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFF2) triggers the p38 and ERK pathways via phosphorylation. Additionally, a positive feedback loop between p38 and NPFF2 leads to the continuous activation of the MAPK pathways, thereby constitutively promoting neonicotinoids resistance but with a significant reproductive cost. Collectively, these findings provide fundamental insights into the role of cis-trans regulatory networks incurred by GPCR-MAPK signaling pathways in evolutionary trade-offs and applied knowledge that can inform the development of strategies for the sustainable pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tianhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qimei Tan
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 430125, China
| | - Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lianyou Gui
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kui Liu
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology School of Integrative Biology College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3795
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer AG, CropScience Division, D40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
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Li H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Guo X, Hou J, Li H, Wei J, Li X. Effects of pyriproxyfen on development and hormone of the aphis, Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae141. [PMID: 38935064 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has been shown to affect the pupal stage and ecdysone levels in holometabolous insects, such as silkworms and mealworms. It remains unknown whether it affects hemimetabolous insects with their hormone levels in insects lacking a pupal stage. In this laboratory study, bioassays were conducted to investigate the effects of varying doses of PPF on Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the types and titers of juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Additionally, the effects of PPF on A. craccivora reproduction and molting, as well as its influence on relevant gene expression, were examined. The results revealed LC50 and LC90 values of 3.84 and 7.49 mg/l for PPF, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the titer of JH III and a significant increase in the titer of 20E following treatment with PPF. However, there was no significant decrease observed in the titer of JH III skipped bisepoxide (JH SB3). A sublethal concentration of PPF was found to inhibit Krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1) gene expression and reduce aphid reproduction, but it did not significantly impact ecdysone receptor expression and aphid molting. The results of this study demonstrate that PPF exhibits a lethal effect on aphids, thereby providing an effective means of control. Additionally, sublethal concentrations of PPF have been found to inhibit the JH in aphids, resulting in a decline in their reproductive ability and achieving the desired control objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangan Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiguang Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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Leyria J. Endocrine factors modulating vitellogenesis and oogenesis in insects: An update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 587:112211. [PMID: 38494046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine system plays a pivotal role in shaping the mechanisms that ensure successful reproduction. With over a million known insect species, understanding the endocrine control of reproduction has become increasingly complex. Some of the key players include the classic insect lipid hormones juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids, and neuropeptides such as insulin-like peptides (ILPs). Individual endocrine factors not only modulate their own target tissue but also play crucial roles in crosstalk among themselves, ensuring successful vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Recent advances in omics, gene silencing, and genome editing approaches have accelerated research, offering both fundamental insights and practical applications for studying in-depth endocrine signaling pathways. This review provides an updated and integrated view of endocrine factors modulating vitellogenesis and oogenesis in insect females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Wang CX, Bao HQ, Yan ZC, Wang J, Wang S, Li YX. Knockdown of vitellogenin receptor based on minute insect RNA interference methods affects the initial mature egg load in the pest natural enemy Trichogramma dendrolimi. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38783625 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) plays a crucial role in oogenesis by mediating endocytosis of vitellogenin and a portion of the yolk proteins in many insect species. However, the function of VgR in minute parasitoid wasps is largely unknown. Here, we applied Trichogramma dendrolimi, a minute egg parasitoid, as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids. We developed RNA interference (RNAi) methods based on microinjection of prepupae in T. dendrolimi. RNAi employs nanomaterial branched amphipathic peptide capsules (BAPC) as a carrier for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), significantly enhancing delivery efficiency. Also, artificial hosts without medium were used to culture the injected prepupae in vitro. Utilizing these methods, we found that ovarian growth was disrupted after knockdown of TdVgR, as manifested by the suppressed development of the ovariole and the inhibition of nurse cell internalization by oocytes. Also, the initial mature egg load in the ovary was significantly reduced. Notably, the parasitic capacity of the female adult with ovarian dysplasia was significantly decreased, possibly resulting from the low availability of mature eggs. Moreover, ovarian dysplasia in T. dendrolimi caused by VgR deficiency are conserved despite feeding on different hosts. The results confirmed a critical role of TdVgR in the reproductive ability of T. dendrolimi and provided a reference for gene functional studies in minute insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Qiao Bao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Jia Q, Yang L, Wen J, Liu S, Wen D, Luo W, Wang W, Palli SR, Sheng L. Cyp6g2 is the major P450 epoxidase responsible for juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2024; 22:111. [PMID: 38741075 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile hormones (JH) play crucial role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. The most common form of JH is JH III, derived from MF through epoxidation by CYP15 enzymes. However, in the higher dipterans, such as the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, a bis-epoxide form of JHB3, accounted most of the JH detected. Moreover, these higher dipterans have lost the CYP15 gene from their genomes. As a result, the identity of the P450 epoxidase in the JH biosynthesis pathway in higher dipterans remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, we show that Cyp6g2 serves as the major JH epoxidase responsible for the biosynthesis of JHB3 and JH III in D. melanogaster. The Cyp6g2 is predominantly expressed in the corpus allatum (CA), concurring with the expression pattern of jhamt, another well-studied gene that is crucial in the last steps of JH biosynthesis. Mutation in Cyp6g2 leads to severe disruptions in larval-pupal metamorphosis and exhibits reproductive deficiencies, exceeding those seen in jhamt mutants. Notably, Cyp6g2-/-::jhamt2 double mutants all died at the pupal stage but could be rescued through the topical application of JH analogs. JH titer analyses revealed that both Cyp6g2-/- mutant and jhamt2 mutant lacking JHB3 and JH III, while overexpression of Cyp6g2 or jhamt caused a significant increase in JHB3 and JH III titer. CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively established that Cyp6g2 as the major JH epoxidase in the higher dipterans and laid the groundwork for the further understanding of JH biosynthesis. Moreover, these findings pave the way for developing specific Cyp6g2 inhibitors as insect growth regulators or insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyuan, 558000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Li Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China.
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Bai B, Zhang SP, Li YT, Gao P, Yang XQ. Quercetin stimulates an accelerated burst of oviposition-based reproductive strategy in codling moth controlled by juvenile hormone signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169643. [PMID: 38159769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The advantageous characteristics of invasive pests, particularly their ability to reproduce and adapt to the environment, have been observed. However, it remains unclear what specific inherent superiority enables fruit pests to successfully invade and dominate in interactions with other species. In this study, we report that Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), a notorious invasive pest of pome fruits and walnuts globally, employs unique reproductive strategies in response to quercetin, a plant compound in host fruits. By monitoring adult dynamics and fruit infestation rates, we observed a competitive relationship between C. pomonella and the native species Grapholita molesta (Busck). C. pomonella was able to occupy vacant niches to ensure its population growth. We also found that quercetin had different effects on the reproductive capacity and population growth of C. pomonella and G. molesta. While quercetin stimulated the fecundity and population growth of G. molesta, it inhibited C. pomonella. However, C. pomonella was able to rapidly increase its population after exposure to quercetin by adopting an 'accelerated burst' of oviposition strategy, with each individual making a greater reproductive contribution compared to the control. We further demonstrated that the effect of quercetin on oviposition is regulated by the juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway in C. pomonella, allowing it to prioritize survival. The enhanced reproductive fitness of G. molesta in response to quercetin is attributed to the regulation of JH titers and key genes such as Met and Kr-h1, which in turn up-regulate reproduction-related genes Vg and VgR. In contrast, C. pomonella is inhibited. These findings shed light on the mechanisms interspecific competition and help to improve our understanding of the global spread of C. pomonella, which can be attributed to its inherent superiority in terms of reproductive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Major Agricultural Invasion Biological Monitoring and Control, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Pan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Major Agricultural Invasion Biological Monitoring and Control, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Major Agricultural Invasion Biological Monitoring and Control, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Major Agricultural Invasion Biological Monitoring and Control, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Major Agricultural Invasion Biological Monitoring and Control, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Chen L, Ma T, Liu J, He L, Luo Y, Shen G. Population dynamics and molecular adaption of Tetranychus cinnabarinus to long-term thermal stress. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4655-4663. [PMID: 37440684 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming is a general trend in the current era. Temperature is one of the most important nonbiological factors that affects the development, life cycle and distribution of arthropods, which are a major component of agriculture pests. This study focused on life-table parameters and the molecular adaption of Tetranychus cinnabarinus under long-term thermal stress. RESULTS The life tables of T. cinnabarinus were constructed at room temperature (26 °C) and high temperature (34 °C). Results showed that although the lifespan of the mites was shortened, the developmental periods of egg, larva and nymph stages were accelerated, and the peak egg-laying period came earlier at high temperature, which resulted in faster expansion of pest mite population. RNA-seq was used to reveal the thermal adaption mechanism according to differentially expressed genes. Combined with transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verification, MAPK, CAT, HSP20 and HSP70 were found highly expressed at 34 °C, which were associated with thermal adaption of T. cinnabarinus. RNAi analysis proved that expression of HSP20 was closely related to the survival of mites at high temperature. CONCLUSION These results indicated that long-term high temperature treatment was beneficial to the expansion of the T. cinnabarinus population. The genes involved in heat tolerance of T. cinnabarinus such as MAPK-HSP pathway provides ideas for subsequent control measures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - YanJie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - GuangMao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Duan H, Shao X, Liu W, Xiang J, Pan N, Wang X, Du G, Li Y, Zhou J, Sui L. Spatio-temporal patterns of ovarian development and VgR gene silencing reduced fecundity in parthenogenetic Artemia. Open Biol 2023; 13:230172. [PMID: 37963545 PMCID: PMC10645507 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The halophilic zooplankton brine shrimp Artemia has been used as an experimental animal in multidisciplinary studies. However, the reproductive patterns and its regulatory mechanisms in Artemia remain unclear. In this study, the ovarian development process of parthenogenetic Artemia (A. parthenogenetica) was divided into five stages, and oogenesis or egg formation was identified in six phases. The oogenesis mode was assumed to be polytrophic. We also traced the dynamic translocation of candidate germline stem cells (cGSCs) using EdU labelling and elucidated several key cytological events in oogenesis through haematoxylin and eosin staining and fluorescence imaging. Distinguished from the ovary structure of insects and crustaceans, Artemia germarium originated from ovariole buds and are located at the base of the ovarioles. RNA-seq based on five stages of ovarian development identified 2657 upregulated genes related to reproduction by pair-to-pair comparison. Gbb, Dpp, piwi, vasa, nanos, VgA and VgR genes associated with cGSCs recognition and reproductive development were screened and verified using qPCR. Silencing of the VgR gene in A. parthenogenetica (Ap-VgR) at ovarian development Stage II led to a low level of gene expression (less than 10%) within 5 days, which resulted in variations in oogenesis-related gene expression and significantly inhibited vitellogenesis, impeded oocyte maturation, and eventually decreased the number of offspring. In conclusion, we have illustrated the patterns of ovarian development, outlined the key spatio-temporal features of oogenesis and identified the negative impacts of VgR gene knockdown on oogenesis using A. parthenogenetica as an experimental animal. The findings of this study also lay a foundation for the further study of reproductive biology of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Duan
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Shao
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Namin Pan
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Du
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Zhou
- Research Center of Modern Analytical Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Sui
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
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Luo Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Zhang F, Xu Y, Pu Q, Zhao L, Wei T, Fan T, Lou Y, Liu S. Combined analysis of the proteome and metabolome provides insight into microRNA-1174 function in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:271. [PMID: 37559132 PMCID: PMC10413549 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic viruses can be transmitted by female Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquitoes during blood-meal acquisition from vertebrates. Silencing of mosquito- and midgut-specific microRNA (miRNA) 1174 (miR-1174) impairs blood intake and increases mortality. Determining the identity of the proteins and metabolites that respond to miR-1174 depletion will increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this miRNA in controlling blood-feeding and nutrient metabolism of mosquitoes. METHODS Antisense oligonucleotides (antagomirs [Ant]) Ant-1174 and Ant-Ct were injected into female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at 12-20 h posteclosion, and depletion of miR-1174 was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Ant-1174-injected and control mosquitoes were collected before the blood meal at 72 h post-injection for tandem mass tag-based proteomic analysis and liquid chromatography-tandom mass spectrometry non-target metabolomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins and metabolites, respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection was applied to investigate the biological roles of these differentially expressed genes. The RNAi effect was verified by RT-qPCR and western blotting assays. Triglyceride content and ATP levels were measured using the appropriate assay kits, following the manufacturers' instructions. Statistical analyses were conducted with GraphPad7 software using the Student's t-test. RESULTS Upon depletion of mosquito- and midgut-specific miR-1174, a total of 383 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, among which 258 were upregulated and 125 were downregulated. Functional analysis of these DEPs using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment suggested that miR-1174 plays important regulatory roles in amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and sugar metabolism pathways. A total of 292 differential metabolites were identified, of which 141 were upregulated and 151 were downregulated. Integrative analysis showed that the associated differential proteins and metabolites were mainly enriched in a variety of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the gene of one upregulated protein in miR-1174-depleted mosquitoes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP; AAEL002269), was associated with the purine, pyrimidine and niacin-nicotinamide metabolism pathways. PNP knockdown seriously inhibited blood digestion and ovary development and increased adult mortality. Mechanically, PNP depletion led to a significant downregulation of the vitellogenin gene (Vg); in addition, some important genes in the ecdysone signaling and insulin-like peptide signaling pathways related to ovary development were affected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates differential accumulation of proteins and metabolites in miR-1174-depleted Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using proteomic and metabolomic techniques. The results provide functional evidence for the role of the upregulated gene PNP in gut physiological activities. Our findings highlight key molecular changes in miR-1174-depleted Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and thus provide a basis and novel insights for increased understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in a lineage-specific miRNA in mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China.
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Sandal S, Singh S, Bansal G, Kaur R, Mogilicherla K, Pandher S, Roy A, Kaur G, Rathore P, Kalia A. Nanoparticle-Shielded dsRNA Delivery for Enhancing RNAi Efficiency in Cotton Spotted Bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119161. [PMID: 37298113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a polyphagous pest with enormous economic significance, primarily affecting cotton and okra. However, the lack of gene sequence information on this pest has a significant constraint on molecular investigations and the formulation of superior pest management strategies. An RNA-seq-based transcriptome study was conducted to alleviate such limitations, and de novo assembly was performed to obtain transcript sequences of this pest. Reference gene identification across E. vittella developmental stages and RNAi treatments were conducted using its sequence information, which resulted in identifying transcription elongation factor (TEF), V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), and Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the most suitable reference genes for normalization in RT-qPCR-based gene expression studies. The present study also identified important developmental, RNAi pathway, and RNAi target genes and performed life-stage developmental expression analysis using RT-qPCR to select the optimal targets for RNAi. We found that naked dsRNA degradation in the E. vittella hemolymph is the primary reason for poor RNAi. A total of six genes including Juvenile hormone methyl transferase (JHAMT), Chitin synthase (CHS), Aminopeptidase (AMN), Cadherin (CAD), Alpha-amylase (AMY), and V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) were selected and knocked down significantly with three different nanoparticles encapsulated dsRNA conjugates, i.e., Chitosan-dsRNA, carbon quantum dots-dsRNA (CQD-dsRNA), and Lipofectamine-dsRNA conjugate. These results demonstrate that feeding nanoparticle-shielded dsRNA silences target genes and suggests that nanoparticle-based RNAi can efficiently manage this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelja Sandal
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 140072, Punjab, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 140072, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Suneet Pandher
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Rathore
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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11
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Biological Characteristics and Energy Metabolism of Migrating Insects. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030439. [PMID: 36984878 PMCID: PMC10055822 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through long-distance migration, insects not only find suitable breeding locations and increase the survival space and opportunities for the population but also facilitate large-scale material, energy, and information flow between regions, which is important in maintaining the stability of agricultural ecosystems and wider natural ecosystems. In this study, we summarize the changes in biological characteristics such as morphology, ovarian development, reproduction, and flight capability during the seasonal migration of the insect. In consideration of global research work, the interaction between flight and reproduction, the influence and regulation of the insulin-like and juvenile hormone on the flight and reproductive activities of migrating insects, and the types of energy substances, metabolic processes, and hormone regulation processes during insect flight are elaborated. This systematic review of the latest advances in the studies on insect migration biology and energy metabolism will help readers to better understand the biological behavior and regulation mechanism of the energy metabolism of insect migration.
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12
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Xu Y, Shen G, Wu J, Mao X, Jia L, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Lin Y. Vitellogenin receptor transports the 30K protein LP1 without cell-penetrating peptide, into the oocytes of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1117505. [PMID: 36776972 PMCID: PMC9908958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1117505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin receptors (VgRs) transport vitellogenin (Vg) into oocytes, thereby promoting egg growth and embryonic development. VgRs recognize and transport multiple ligands in oviparous animals, but their role in insects is rarely reported. In this study, we investigated whether Bombyx mori VgR (BmVgR) binds and transports lipoprotein-1 (BmLP1) and lipoprotein-7 (BmLP7) of the 30 kDa lipoproteins (30 K proteins), which are essential for egg formation and embryonic development in B. mori. Protein sequence analysis showed BmLP7, similar to reported lipoprotein-3 (BmLP3), contains the cell-penetrating peptides and Cysteine position, while BmLP1 has not. Assays using Spodoptera frugiperda ovary cells (sf9) indicated the direct entry of BmLP7 into the cells, whereas BmLP1 failed to enter. However, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays indicated that BmVgR could bind BmLP1. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays further revealed that over-expressed BmVgR could transport BmLP1 into sf9 cells. Co-IP assays showed that SE11C (comprising LBD1+EGF1+OTC domains of BmVgR) or SE22C (comprising LBD2+EGF2+OTC domains of BmVgR) could bind BmLP1. Over-expressed SE11C or SE22C could also transport BmLP1 into sf9 cells. Western blotting revealed that the ability of SE11C to transport BmLP1 might be stronger than that of SE22C. In the vit mutant with BmVgR gene mutation (vit/vit), SDS-PAGE and western blotting showed the content of BmLP1 in the ovary, like BmVg, was lower than that in the normal silkworm. When transgenic with hsp70 promoter over-expressed BmVgR in the vit mutant, we found that the phenotype of the vit mutant was partly rescued after heat treatment. And contents of BmLP1 and BmVg in vit mutant over-expressed BmVgR were higher than in the vit mutant. We conclude that BmVgR and its two repeat domains could bind and transport BmLP1 into the oocytes of the silkworm, besides BmVg. These results will provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of VgR transporting ligands in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linbang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Biological Science Research Center Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ying Lin,
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13
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Li Z, Zhou C, Chen Y, Ma W, Cheng Y, Chen J, Bai Y, Luo W, Li N, Du E, Li S. Egfr signaling promotes juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the German cockroach. BMC Biol 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 36514097 PMCID: PMC9749228 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In insects, an interplay between the activities of distinct hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates the progression through numerous life history hallmarks. As a crucial endocrine factor, JH is mainly synthesized in the corpora allata (CA) to regulate multiple physiological and developmental processes, including molting, metamorphosis, and reproduction. During the last century, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the JH signal transduction pathway, while less progress has been made in dissecting the regulatory mechanism of JH biosynthesis. Previous work has shown that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling regulates hormone biosynthesis in both insects and mammals. Here, we performed a systematic RNA interference (RNAi) screening to identify RTKs involved in regulating JH biosynthesis in the CA of adult Blattella germanica females. RESULTS We found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) is required for promoting JH biosynthesis in the CA of adult females. The Egf ligands Vein and Spitz activate Egfr, followed by Ras/Raf/ERK signaling, and finally activation of the downstream transcription factor Pointed (Pnt). Importantly, Pnt induces the transcriptional expression of two key enzyme-encoding genes in the JH biosynthesis pathway: juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (CYP15A1). Dual-luciferase reporter assay shows that Pnt is able to activate a promoter region of Jhamt. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirms that Pnt directly binds to the - 941~ - 886 nt region of the Jhamt promoter. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the detailed molecular mechanism of Egfr signaling in promoting JH biosynthesis in the German cockroach, shedding light on the intricate regulation of JH biosynthesis during insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Caisheng Zhou
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Bai
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Erxia Du
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
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Zheng R, Yao L, Peng J, Chen Z, Yang F, Chen S, Tang Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key candidate genes mediating ovarian development in Spodoptera frugiperda fed on two host plants. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1056540. [PMID: 36457307 PMCID: PMC9705327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1056540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, with its growth and adaptation affected by different host plants. However, little is known about the effects of host plants on ovarian development in this species. Thus, we evaluated the effects of feeding on corn (Zea mays L.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica), on the ovarian development of S. frugiperda. Using various stages of S. frugiperda, we also evaluated the larval and pupal weights, number of eggs, and differentiation of ovarioles over time. Results showed that females fed on goosegrass had shorter ovarioles and laid less eggs than those fed on corn. Transcriptome analysis identified 3,213 genes involved in ovarian development in the fall armyworm. Of these, 881 genes were differentially expressed when fed on corn and goosegrass. The analysis also indicated that the hormone biosynthetic pathways may be involved in the reproductive system. In relation to the reproductive function, nine juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthetic genes, four 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic genes, and four ovary-relevant functional genes were identified. The time course of the expression profiles of these hormone- and ovary development-related genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In total, six of them showed a decreasing trend in the ovary of the FAW fed on goosegrass, while two genes showed an increasing trend. Our results showed that significant changes in the reproductive activity/ovary development in the FAW occurred in response to different diets. These results serve as bases for evaluating how optimal host plants and feeding preference affect ovarian development in the FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingfeng Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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15
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Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange AB. Impact of JH Signaling on Reproductive Physiology of the Classical Insect Model, Rhodnius prolixus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213832. [PMID: 36430311 PMCID: PMC9692686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult females of several insect species, juvenile hormones (JHs) act as gonadotrophic hormones, regulating egg production. JH binds to its nuclear receptor, Methoprene tolerant (Met), triggering its dimerization with the protein Taiman (Tai). The resulting active complex induces transcription of JH response genes, such as Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). In this study we report for the first time the participation of the isoform JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3) and its signaling pathway in the reproductive fitness of the classical insect model Rhodnius prolixus. The topical application of synthetic JHSB3 increases transcript and protein expression of yolk protein precursors (YPPs), mainly by the fat body but also by the ovaries, the second source of YPPs. These results are also confirmed by ex vivo assays. In contrast, when the JH signaling cascade is impaired via RNA interference by downregulating RhoprMet and RhoprTai mRNA, egg production is inhibited. Although RhoprKr-h1 transcript expression is highly dependent on JHSB3 signaling, it is not involved in egg production but rather in successful hatching. This research contributes missing pieces of JH action in the insect model in which JH was first postulated almost 100 years ago.
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Liu KX, Guo Y, Zhang CX, Xue CB. Sublethal effects and reproductive hormesis of emamectin benzoate on Plutella xylostella. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1025959. [PMID: 36338483 PMCID: PMC9627195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1025959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables, and population control mainly depends on chemical pesticides. Emamectin benzoate is a highly effective insecticide used for controlling DBM. However, it is unknown how the sublethal effects of low concentration residues of emamectin benzoate on DBM. So the population development sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, at LC5, LC10, and LC20 with concentrations of 0.014 mg/L, 0.024 mg/L and 0.047 mg/L, respectively, on adult DBM and their progeny were investigated in this study. The pupal weight, pupal period, female fecundity, and vitellin content of the F0 DBM generation increased significantly compared to the control. And the single female oviposition number of DBM was increased by 20.21% with LC20 treatment. The pupation rate, adult longevity and ovariole length of the treatment groups decreased significantly. The fecundity of DBM in the treatment groups increased, and this increased the population by a presumptive 13.84%. Treatment also led to the shortening of ovarioles and the reduction of egg hatching, and increased pupal weight in the F1 generation. We concluded that the effects of sublethal/low concentration emamectin benzoate on the different life stages of DBM were variable, and the reproductive hormesis on DBM adults were attractive findings.
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Molecular Characterization of Vitellogenin and Its Receptor in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), and Their Function in Reproduction of Female. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911972. [PMID: 36233286 PMCID: PMC9569576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous invasive pest. The strong reproductive capacity is an important factor in the rapid colonization and expansion of S. frugiperda. Vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) play important roles in insect reproduction. As the precursor of vitellin (Vn), Vg provides essential nutrition for embryonic development, and VgR mediates the uptake of Vg by oocytes. In this context, we cloned and characterized these two genes of S. frugiperda (SfVg and SfVgR) and evaluated their expression profiles in different developmental stages and tissues. The RNA interference experiment was used to investigate their function in vitellogenesis. The ORF values of SfVg and SfVgR were 5250 and 5445 bp, encoding 1749 and 1815 amino acid residues, respectively. The qRT-PCR results revealed that both SfVg and SfVgR were highly expressed in female adults; SfVg was specifically expressed in the fat body, whereas SfVgR was highly expressed in the ovary. In addition, the depletion of either SfVg or SfVgR hindered oocyte maturation and ovarian development, leading to a significant decrease in fecundity. The present study reveals the importance of SfVg and SfVgR in the vitellogenesis of S. frugiperda, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of pollution-free pest control strategies with SfVg and SfVgR as new targets.
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18
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Zheng H, Wang N, Yun J, Xu H, Yang J, Zhou S. Juvenile hormone promotes paracellular transport of yolk proteins via remodeling zonula adherens at tricellular junctions in the follicular epithelium. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010292. [PMID: 35759519 PMCID: PMC9269875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) acts as a gonadotrophic hormone stimulating insect vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Paracellular transport of yolk proteins through intercellular channels (patency) in the follicular epithelium is a developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved process during vitellogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying patency opening are poorly understood. Using the migratory locust Locusta migratoria as a model system, we report here that JH-regulated remodeling of zonula adherens (ZA), the belt-like adherens junction maintaining physical linking between follicle cells controlled the opening of patency. JH triggered phosphorylation of Partitioning defective protein 3 (Par3) via a signaling cascade including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), small GTPase Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) and atypical Protein kinase C (aPKC). Par3 phosphorylation resulted in its disassociation from β-Catenin, the cytoplasmic partner of ZA core component E-Cadherin. Release of Par3 from the β-Catenin/E-Cadherin complex caused ZA disassembly at tricellular contacts, consequently leading to patency enlargement. This study provides new insight into how JH stimulates insect vitellogenesis and egg production via inducing the opening of paracellular route for vitellogenin transport crossing the follicular epithelium barrier. Vitellogenesis is one of the most emblematic processes in female reproduction of oviparous animals. In many insects, the yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin (Vg) is synthesized in the fat body and transported to oocytes through the intercellular spaces (patency) among follicular cells. Juvenile hormone (JH), the arthropod-specific sesquiterpenoid plays a crucial role in paracellular Vg transport, but the molecular mechanisms of JH-stimulated patency remain elusive. In the present study, we show that JH acts via the GPCR-Cdc42-aPKC signaling cascade that triggers the phosphorylation of Par3, a critical scaffold protein of zonula adherens. JH-dependent Par3 phosphorylation results in its dissociation from the β-Catenin/E-Cadherin complex, consequently leading to patency opening for Vg transport. The findings reveal an important mechanism by which JH induces the remodeling of zonula adherens for the opening of paracellular route for Vg transport crossing the follicular epithelium barrier in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Huijing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jiebing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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