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Zhou Y, Nakajima R, Shirasawa M, Fikriyanti M, Zhao L, Iwanaga R, Bradford AP, Kurayoshi K, Araki K, Ohtani K. Expanding Roles of the E2F-RB-p53 Pathway in Tumor Suppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1511. [PMID: 38132337 PMCID: PMC10740672 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F links the RB pathway to the p53 pathway upon loss of function of pRB, thereby playing a pivotal role in the suppression of tumorigenesis. E2F fulfills a major role in cell proliferation by controlling a variety of growth-associated genes. The activity of E2F is controlled by the tumor suppressor pRB, which binds to E2F and actively suppresses target gene expression, thereby restraining cell proliferation. Signaling pathways originating from growth stimulative and growth suppressive signals converge on pRB (the RB pathway) to regulate E2F activity. In most cancers, the function of pRB is compromised by oncogenic mutations, and E2F activity is enhanced, thereby facilitating cell proliferation to promote tumorigenesis. Upon such events, E2F activates the Arf tumor suppressor gene, leading to activation of the tumor suppressor p53 to protect cells from tumorigenesis. ARF inactivates MDM2, which facilitates degradation of p53 through proteasome by ubiquitination (the p53 pathway). P53 suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis. Hence, in almost all cancers, the p53 pathway is also disabled. Here we will introduce the canonical functions of the RB-E2F-p53 pathway first and then the non-classical functions of each component, which may be relevant to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rinka Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mashiro Shirasawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mariana Fikriyanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Keigo Araki
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
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Fang D, Hu H, Zhao K, Xu A, Yu C, Zhu Y, Yu N, Yao B, Tang S, Wu X, Mei Y. MLF2 Negatively Regulates P53 and Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303336. [PMID: 37438558 PMCID: PMC10502657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 pathway is linked to a variety of human cancers. As a critical component of the p53 pathway, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) acts as a deubiquitinase for both p53 and its ubiquitin E3 ligase mouse double minute 2 homolog. Here, myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2) is reported as a new negative regulator of p53. MLF2 interacts with both p53 and USP7. Via these interactions, MLF2 inhibits the binding of USP7 to p53 and antagonizes USP7-mediated deubiquitination of p53, thereby leading to p53 destabilization. Functionally, MLF2 plays an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, at least partially, via the negative regulation of p53. Clinically, MLF2 is elevated in colorectal cancer and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. In wild-type-p53-containing colorectal cancer, MLF2 and p53 expressions are inversely correlated. These findings establish MLF2 as an important suppressor of p53 function. The study also reveals a critical role for the MLF2-p53 axis in promoting colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Hao Hu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230022China
| | - Changjun Yu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230022China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230022China
| | - Ning Yu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Bo Yao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Suyun Tang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Xianning Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Yide Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHMDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
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You R, Yang Y, Yin G, Jiang H, Lu Y, Gui L, Bao J, Xu Q, Feng L. CPEB2 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis through Regulating the HIF-1α/miR-210-3p/CPEB2 Axis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1887. [PMID: 37514073 PMCID: PMC10386397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and high-mortality cancer worldwide, and its complexity necessitates novel strategies for drug selection and design. Current approaches primarily focus on reducing gene expression, while promoting gene overexpression remains a challenge. In this work, we studied the effect of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 2 (CPEB2) in HCC by constructing tissue microarrays (TAMs) from 90 HCC cases and corresponding para-cancerous tissues. Our analysis showed that CPEB2 expression was significantly reduced in HCC tissues, and its low expression was associated with a higher recurrence risk and poorer prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. CPEB2 was found to regulate HCC epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis through the HIF-1α/miR-210-3p/CPEB2 feedback circuit. Using the RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, we demonstrated that miR-210 directly governs the expression of CPEB2. The inverse relationship between CPEB2 expression and miR-210-3p in HCC tissues suggested that this regulatory mechanism is directly linked to HCC metastasis, EMT, and clinical outcomes. Moreover, utilizing the SM2miR database, we identified drugs that can decrease miR-210-3p expression, consequently increasing CPEB2 expression and providing new insights for drug development. In conclusion, our findings illustrated a novel HIF-1α/miR-210-3p/CPEB2 regulatory signaling pathway in HCC and highlighted the potential of enhancing CPEB2 expression through targeting miR-210-3p as a novel predictive biomarker and therapeutic strategy in HCC, as it is modulated by the HIF-1α/miR-210-3p/CPEB2 feedback circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran You
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guowen Yin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yousheng Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Gui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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LINC01278 Induces Autophagy to Inhibit Tumour Progression by Suppressing the mTOR Signalling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8994901. [PMID: 36713034 PMCID: PMC9876672 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8994901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive intraocular malignant tumour that is closely related to autophagic dysfunction. We aimed to identify autophagy-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to elucidate the molecular mechanism of UM. Here, we show that LINC01278 is a new potential biomarker with clinical prognostic value in UM through bioinformatics analysis. Application of an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and an autophagy agonist (MG-132) indicated that LINC01278 can inhibit UM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inducing autophagy. A xenograft nude mouse model was used to examine the tumorigenesis of UM cells in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01278 can inhibit the mTOR signalling pathway to activate autophagy, as shown by experiments with an mTOR agonist (MHY1485) and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) treatment. Our findings indicate that LINC01278 functions as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting the mTOR signalling pathway to induce autophagy. Targeting the LINC01278-mTOR axis might be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for UM.
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Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. The Regulatory Functions and the Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cervical Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071149. [PMID: 35406713 PMCID: PMC8998012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in gynecology cancer worldwide. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major etiological agents for cervical cancer. Still, other factors also contribute to cervical cancer development because these cancers commonly arise decades after initial exposure to HPV. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are still quite limited, and a knowledge gap needs to be filled to help develop novel strategies that will ultimately facilitate the development of therapies and improve cervical cancer patient outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly shown to be involved in gene regulation, and the relevant role of lncRNAs in cervical cancer has recently been investigated. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in ascertaining the biological functions of lncRNAs in cervical cancer from the perspective of cervical cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, we provide the current state of knowledge by discussing the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation and emerging role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Comprehensive and deeper insights into lncRNA-mediated alterations and interactions in cellular events will help develop novel strategies to treat patients with cervical cancer.
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