1
|
Zhou C, Aitbekova A, Liccardo G, Oh J, Stone ML, McShane EJ, Werghi B, Nathan S, Song C, Ciston J, Bustillo KC, Hoffman AS, Hong J, Perez-Aguilar J, Bare SR, Cargnello M. Steam-Assisted Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol over Ru-In Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406761. [PMID: 38990707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent catalysts can be designed to synergistically combine reaction intermediates at interfacial active sites, but restructuring makes systematic control and understanding of such dynamics challenging. We here unveil how reducibility and mobility of indium oxide species in Ru-based catalysts crucially control the direct, selective conversion of CO2 to ethanol. When uncontrolled, reduced indium oxide species occupy the Ru surface, leading to deactivation. With the addition of steam as a mild oxidant and using porous polymer layers to control In mobility, Ru-In2O3 interface sites are stabilized, and ethanol can be produced with superior overall selectivity (70 %, rest CO). Our work highlights how engineering of bifunctional active ensembles enables cooperativity and synergy at tailored interfaces, which unlocks unprecedented performance in heterogeneous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Aisulu Aitbekova
- Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Gennaro Liccardo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Michael L Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Eric J McShane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Baraa Werghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94305, United States
| | - Sindhu Nathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94305, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94305, United States
| | - Jorge Perez-Aguilar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94305, United States
| | - Simon R Bare
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu W, Iglesia E. Dynamics of Elementary Steps on Metal Surfaces at High Coverages: The Prevalence and Kinetic Competence of Contiguous Bare-Atom Ensembles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22064-22076. [PMID: 39069785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The rate of elementary steps on densely-covered surfaces depends sensitively on repulsive interactions within dense adlayers, situations ubiquitous in practice and with kinetic consequences seldom captured by Langmuirian treatments of surface catalysis. This study develops an ensemble-based method that assesses how such repulsion influences the prevalence and kinetic competence of bare-atom ensembles of different size. Chemisorbed CO (CO*) is used as an example because it forms dense adlayers on metal nanoparticles during CO2 hydrogenation (CO2-H2) and other reactions, leading to significant repulsion that weakens the binding of CO* and kinetically-relevant transition states (TS). This approach is enabled by density functional theory and probability formalisms and describes the prevalence of ensembles of contiguous bare atoms from their formation energy (via CO* desorption); it then determines their competence in stabilizing the TS and mediating the reaction rates. The specific conclusions reflect the extent to which a given TS and CO* desorbed to form bare ensembles "sense" repulsion and the contribution of each ensemble size to each reaction channel mediated by distinct TS structures. These formalisms are illustrated by assessing the relative contributions, kinetic relevance, and ensemble size requirements for two CO2-H2 routes (direct and H-assisted CO2 activation to CO and H2O) on Ru nanoparticles, but they are not restricted to specific bound species or reaction channels. This method is essential to assess the kinetic relevance of elementary steps in a given catalytic sequence and to determine the contributions from parallel reaction channels at the crowded surfaces that prevail in the practice of surface catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique Iglesia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou C, Liccardo G, Hoffman AS, Oh J, Holmes SE, Vailionis A, Bare SR, Cargnello M. Understanding and Harnessing Nanoscale Immiscibility in Ru-In Alloys for Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19986-19997. [PMID: 38985019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Bimetallic alloys made from immiscible elements are characterized by their tendency to segregate on the macroscopic scale, but their behavior is known to change at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that in the Ru-In system, In atoms preferentially decorate the surface of 6 nm Ru nanoparticles, forming Ru-In superficial immiscible alloys. This surface decoration dramatically affects the catalytic performance of the system, even at small atomic fractions of In added to Ru. The interfaces between Ru and In enabled unexplored methanol productivity from CO2 hydrogenation, which outperformed not only the individual constituents but also ordered RuIn3 intermetallic alloys. Our work highlights that the formation of superficial immiscible alloys could offer new insights into the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gennaro Liccardo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah E Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simon R Bare
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Behrendt D, Banerjee S, Clark C, Rappe AM. High-Throughput Computational Screening of Bioinspired Dual-Atom Alloys for CO 2 Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4730-4735. [PMID: 36795018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CO2 activation is an integral component of thermocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to liquid fuels and value-added chemicals. However, the thermodynamic stability of CO2 and the high kinetic barriers to activating CO2 are significant bottlenecks. In this work, we propose that dual atom alloys (DAAs), homo- and heterodimer islands in a Cu matrix, can offer stronger covalent CO2 binding than pristine Cu. The active site is designed to mimic the Ni-Fe anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase CO2 activation environment in a heterogeneous catalyst. We find that combinations of early transition metals (TMs) and late TMs embedded in Cu are thermodynamically stable and can offer stronger covalent CO2 binding than Cu. Additionally, we identify DAAs that have CO binding energies similar to Cu, both to avoid surface poisoning and to ensure attainable CO diffusion to Cu sites so that the C-C bond formation ability of Cu can be retained in conjunction with facile CO2 activation at the DAA sites. Machine learning feature selection reveals that the more electropositive dopants are primarily responsible for attaining the strong CO2 binding. We propose seven Cu-based DAAs and two single atom alloys (SAAs) with early TM late TM combinations, (Sc, Ag), (Y, Ag), (Y, Fe), (Y, Ru), (Y, Cd), (Y, Au), (V, Ag), (Sc), and (Y), for facile CO2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Behrendt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sayan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Cole Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gates BC, Katz A, Liu J. Nested Metal Catalysts: Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:3-13. [PMID: 37025973 PMCID: PMC10069032 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal clusters. When the metals are noble, they are typically unstable-susceptible to sintering-especially under reducing conditions. Embedding the metals in supports such as organic polymers, metal oxides, and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to reactants. An approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on supports. The nests include zeolite pore mouths, zeolite surface cups (half-cages), raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports, clusters of non-noble metals (e.g., hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys), and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals, isolating them from the support. These examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts, and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyue Liu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jo S, Cruz L, Shah S, Wasantwisut S, Phan A, Gilliard-AbdulAziz KL. Perspective on Sorption Enhanced Bifunctional Catalysts to Produce Hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongbin Jo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Luz Cruz
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Soham Shah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Somchate Wasantwisut
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Annette Phan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou C, Cargnello M. Understanding the geometric and basicity effects of organic polymer modifiers on Ru/TiO 2 catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01596j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modifying inorganic catalysts with basic organic moieties effectively enhances their CO2 hydrogenation activity through CO2 activation, but the effect on C–C coupling rates and selectivity is not as straightforward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|