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Crameri JJ, Palmer CS, Stait T, Jackson TD, Lynch M, Sinclair A, Frajman LE, Compton AG, Coman D, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Reduced Protein Import via TIM23 SORT Drives Disease Pathology in TIMM50-Associated Mitochondrial Disease. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:226-244. [PMID: 38828998 PMCID: PMC11204040 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2353652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TIMM50 is a core subunit of the TIM23 complex, the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase responsible for the import of pre-sequence-containing precursors into the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane. Here we describe a mitochondrial disease patient who is homozygous for a novel variant in TIMM50 and establish the first proteomic map of mitochondrial disease associated with TIMM50 dysfunction. We demonstrate that TIMM50 pathogenic variants reduce the levels and activity of endogenous TIM23 complex, which significantly impacts the mitochondrial proteome, resulting in a combined oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defect and changes to mitochondrial ultrastructure. Using proteomic data sets from TIMM50 patient fibroblasts and a TIMM50 HEK293 cell model of disease, we reveal that laterally released substrates imported via the TIM23SORT complex pathway are most sensitive to loss of TIMM50. Proteins involved in OXPHOS and mitochondrial ultrastructure are enriched in the TIM23SORT substrate pool, providing a biochemical mechanism for the specific defects in TIMM50-associated mitochondrial disease patients. These results highlight the power of using proteomics to elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease and uncovering novel features of fundamental biology, with the implication that human TIMM50 may have a more pronounced role in lateral insertion than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine S. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan Stait
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas D. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Lynch
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leah E. Frajman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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Sung AY, Guerra RM, Steenberge LH, Alston CL, Murayama K, Okazaki Y, Shimura M, Prokisch H, Ghezzi D, Torraco A, Carrozzo R, Rötig A, Taylor RW, Keck JL, Pagliarini DJ. Systematic analysis of NDUFAF6 in complex I assembly and mitochondrial disease. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1128-1142. [PMID: 38720117 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Isolated complex I (CI) deficiencies are a major cause of primary mitochondrial disease. A substantial proportion of CI deficiencies are believed to arise from defects in CI assembly factors (CIAFs) that are not part of the CI holoenzyme. The biochemistry of these CIAFs is poorly defined, making their role in CI assembly unclear, and confounding interpretation of potential disease-causing genetic variants. To address these challenges, we devised a deep mutational scanning approach to systematically assess the function of thousands of NDUFAF6 genetic variants. Guided by these data, biochemical analyses and cross-linking mass spectrometry, we discovered that the CIAF NDUFAF6 facilitates incorporation of NDUFS8 into CI and reveal that NDUFS8 overexpression rectifies NDUFAF6 deficiency. Our data further provide experimental support of pathogenicity for seven novel NDUFAF6 variants associated with human pathology and introduce functional evidence for over 5,000 additional variants. Overall, our work defines the molecular function of NDUFAF6 and provides a clinical resource for aiding diagnosis of NDUFAF6-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Sung
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura H Steenberge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torraco
- Unit of Cell Biology and Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disorders, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Cell Biology and Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disorders, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James L Keck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Laube E, Schiller J, Zickermann V, Vonck J. Using cryo-EM to understand the assembly pathway of respiratory complex I. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:159-173. [PMID: 38372588 PMCID: PMC10910544 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832400086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex I (proton-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the first component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In recent years, high-resolution cryo-EM studies of complex I from various species have greatly enhanced the understanding of the structure and function of this important membrane-protein complex. Less well studied is the structural basis of complex I biogenesis. The assembly of this complex of more than 40 subunits, encoded by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, is an intricate process that requires at least 20 different assembly factors in humans. These are proteins that are transiently associated with building blocks of the complex and are involved in the assembly process, but are not part of mature complex I. Although the assembly pathways have been studied extensively, there is limited information on the structure and molecular function of the assembly factors. Here, the insights that have been gained into the assembly process using cryo-EM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Laube
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Das S, Adiody S, Varghese J, Vanditha M, Maria E, John M. Exploring the novel duo of Reticulocalbin, and Sideroflexin as future biomarker candidates for Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38355435 PMCID: PMC10865594 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is a complex respiratory disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates. Even with the current conventional diagnostic methods, including circulating inflammatory biomarkers, underdiagnosis rates in COPD remain as high as 70%. Our study was a comparative cross-sectional study that aimed to address the diagnostic challenges by identifying future biomarker candidates in COPD variants. METHODS This study used a label-free plasma proteomics approach that combined mass spectrometric data with bioinformatics to shed light on the functional roles of differentially expressed proteins in the COPD lung microenvironment. The predictive capacity of the screened proteins was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, with Western blot analysis validating protein expression patterns in an independent cohort. RESULTS Our study identified three DEPs-reticulocalbin-1, sideroflexin-4, and liprinα-3 that consistently exhibited altered expression in COPD exacerbation. ROC analysis indicated strong predictive potential, with AUC values of 0.908, 0.715, and 0.856 for RCN1, SFXN4, and LIPα-3, respectively. Validation through Western blot analysis confirmed their expression patterns in an independent validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our study discovered a novel duo of proteins reticulocalbin-1, and sideroflexin-4 that showed potential as valuable future biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical management of COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Das
- Biochemistry and Phytochemistry Research Division, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - Supriya Adiody
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Jinsu Varghese
- Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - M Vanditha
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Evelyn Maria
- Biochemistry and Phytochemistry Research Division, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew John
- Biochemistry and Phytochemistry Research Division, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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6
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Li W, Han X, Lin X, Liu D, Lin Y, Shen L. Knockdown of BRAWNIN minimally affect mitochondrial complex III assembly in human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119601. [PMID: 37769950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BRAWNIN was found as a mitochondrial respiratory complex III (CIII) assembly factor. Here, we showed that the deletion rather than knockdown of BRAWNIN impaired the assembly of CIII. BRAWNIN levels were affected by nutritional stress and negatively associated with AMPK activation. Although the BRAWNIN knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 led to decreased complex III levels, both biochemical and functional studies of oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes revealed that knockdown of BRAWNIN neither affected mitochondrial respiration nor impaired the integrity of OXPHOS complexes I-V. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling further confirmed that the BRAWNIN knockdown had a minimal effect on mitochondrial function. Moreover, only a small proportion of BRAWNIN interacted with the subunits of the OXPHOS complexes, which might be difficult to detect via co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Finally, our findings also indicated that although only a minimal amount of BRAWNIN was required for CIII assembly, metabolic analyses revealed that it may fine-tune the pyruvate metabolism route in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.; Clinical Laboratory of Central Hospital of Panzhihua City, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuyan Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China..
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Key J, Gispert S, Koepf G, Steinhoff-Wagner J, Reichlmeir M, Auburger G. Translation Fidelity and Respiration Deficits in CLPP-Deficient Tissues: Mechanistic Insights from Mitochondrial Complexome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17503. [PMID: 38139332 PMCID: PMC10743472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix peptidase CLPP is crucial during cell stress. Its loss causes Perrault syndrome type 3 (PRLTS3) with infertility, neurodegeneration, and a growth deficit. Its target proteins are disaggregated by CLPX, which also regulates heme biosynthesis via unfolding ALAS enzymes, providing access for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP). Despite efforts in diverse organisms with multiple techniques, CLPXP substrates remain controversial. Here, avoiding recombinant overexpression, we employed complexomics in mitochondria from three mouse tissues to identify endogenous targets. A CLPP absence caused the accumulation and dispersion of CLPX-VWA8 as AAA+ unfoldases, and of PLPBP. Similar changes and CLPX-VWA8 co-migration were evident for mitoribosomal central protuberance clusters, translation factors like GFM1-HARS2, the RNA granule components LRPPRC-SLIRP, and enzymes OAT-ALDH18A1. Mitochondrially translated proteins in testes showed reductions to <30% for MTCO1-3, the mis-assembly of the complex IV supercomplex, and accumulated metal-binding assembly factors COX15-SFXN4. Indeed, heavy metal levels were increased for iron, molybdenum, cobalt, and manganese. RT-qPCR showed compensatory downregulation only for Clpx mRNA; most accumulated proteins appeared transcriptionally upregulated. Immunoblots validated VWA8, MRPL38, MRPL18, GFM1, and OAT accumulation. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed CLPX binding to MRPL38, GFM1, and OAT, so excess CLPX and PLP may affect their activity. Our data mechanistically elucidate the mitochondrial translation fidelity deficits which underlie progressive hearing impairment in PRLTS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Key
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriele Koepf
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Animal Nutrition and Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
| | - Marina Reichlmeir
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Georg Auburger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.); (G.A.)
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Du Z, Zhang Z, Han X, Xie H, Yan W, Tian D, Liu M, Rao C. Comprehensive Analysis of Sideroflexin 4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics and Experiments. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1300-1315. [PMID: 37786439 PMCID: PMC10542026 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sideroflexins (SFXNs) are a family of highly conserved mitochondrial transporters which regulate iron homeostasis and mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, the roles and mechanisms of SFXNs in HCC remain unknown. Methods: SFXNs expression and prognostic value in HCC was comprehensively analyzed. Proteins interacting with SFXN4 were analyzed in STRING database. The co-expression genes of SFXN4 were analyzed in cBioPortal database, and function of SFXN4 co-expression genes were annotated. The putative transcription factors and miRNA targeting SFXN4 were analyzed in NetworkAnalyst. The correlation between SFXN4 expression and immune infiltration was analyzed by ssGSEA. Cancer pathway activity and drug sensitivity related to SFXN4 were explored in GSCALite. The roles of SFXN4 in proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results: SFXN4 was consistently elevated in HCC, positively correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and predicted poor outcome. Functional enrichment showed SFXN4 was mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species and metabolic pathways. SFXN4 expression was regulated by multiple transcription factors and miRNAs, and SFXN4 expression in HCC was associated with several cancer pathways and drug sensitivity. SFXN4 expression correlated with immune infiltration in HCC. In vitro, knockdown of SFXN4 inhibited HCC proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and MMP2. In vivo, knockdown of SFXN4 inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. Conclusion: SFXN4 was upregulated in HCC, predicted poor prognosis, and may facilitate HCC development and progression via various mechanisms. For HCC, SFXN4 may provide both prognostic information and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Yuan D, Liu J, Sang W, Li Q. Comprehensive analysis of the role of SFXN family in breast cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230685. [PMID: 37020524 PMCID: PMC10068752 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The sideroflexin (SFXN) family is a group of mitochondrial membrane proteins. Although the function of the SFXN family in mitochondria has been widely recognized, the expression levels, role, and prognostic value of this family in breast cancer (BC) have not been clearly articulated and systematically analysed. In our research, SFXN1 and SFXN2 were significantly upregulated in BC versus normal samples based on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and the Human Protein Atlas databases. We found that high SFXN1 expression was significantly related to poor prognosis in BC patients and that high SFXN2 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis in BC patients. Gene Ontology analysis of the SFXN family was performed based on the STRING database to explore the potential functions of this family, including biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Based on the MethSurv database, we found that two SFXN1 CpG sites (5′-UTR-S_Shelf-cg06573254 and TSS200-Island-cg17647431), two SFXN2 CpG sites (3′-UTR-Open_Sea-cg04774043 and Body-Open_Sea-cg18994254), one SFXN3 CpG site (Body-S_Shelf-cg17858697), and nine SFXN5 CpG sites (1stExon;5′-UTR-Island-cg03856450, Body-Open_Sea-cg04016113, Body-Open_Sea-cg04197631, Body-Open_Sea-cg07558704, Body-Open_Sea-cg08383863, Body-Open_Sea-cg10040131, Body-Open_Sea-cg10588340, Body-Open_Sea-cg17046766, and Body-Open_Sea-cg22830638) were significantly related to the prognosis of BC patients. According to the ENCORI database, four negative regulatory miRNAs for SFXN1 (hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-532-5p, and hsa-miR-582-3p) and four negative regulatory miRNAs for SFXN2 (hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-532-5p, and hsa-miR-885-5p) were related to poor prognosis for BC patients. This study suggests that SFXN1 and SFXN2 are valuable biomarkers and treatment targets for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Wenbo Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
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Baker MJ, Crameri JJ, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction in secondary mitochondrial disease. Open Biol 2022; 12:220274. [PMID: 36475414 PMCID: PMC9727669 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a broad, genetically heterogeneous class of metabolic disorders characterized by deficits in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) defines pathologies resulting from mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes affecting either mtDNA expression or the biogenesis and function of the respiratory chain. Secondary mitochondrial disease (SMD) arises due to mutation of nuclear-encoded genes independent of, or indirectly influencing OXPHOS assembly and operation. Despite instances of novel SMD increasing year-on-year, PMD is much more widely discussed in the literature. Indeed, since the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in 2010, many novel mitochondrial disease genes have been identified, approximately half of which are linked to SMD. This review will consolidate existing knowledge of SMDs and outline discrete categories within which to better understand the diversity of SMD phenotypes. By providing context to the biochemical and molecular pathways perturbed in SMD, we hope to further demonstrate the intricacies of SMD pathologies outside of their indirect contribution to mitochondrial energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Chen Y, Qian J, Ding P, Wang W, Li X, Tang X, Tang C, Yang Y, Gu C. Elevated SFXN2 limits mitochondrial autophagy and increases iron-mediated energy production to promote multiple myeloma cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:822. [PMID: 36163342 PMCID: PMC9513108 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human sideroflexin 2 (SFXN2) belongs to the SFXN protein family, which is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in mitochondrial iron metabolism. Mitochondria are indispensable for cellular energy production and iron metabolism. However, it remains elusive how SFXN2 modulates mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular iron metabolism in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we first found that SFXN2 was significantly elevated and correlated to poor outcomes in MM patients from clinical datasets. SFXN2 overexpression promoted MM cell proliferation and suppressed starvation-induced autophagy/mitophagy, while SFXN2 knockdown aggravated mitochondria damage and autophagic processes in ARP1 and H929 MM cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of SFXN2 exerted effectively anti-myeloma activity in vivo by using myeloma xenograft model. Mechanism studies indicated that heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) with anti-oxidant function contributed to the process of autophagy suppression and cellular proliferation mediated by SFXN2. Our study revealed the critical role of SFXN2 in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitophagy, cellular iron metabolism, and redox homeostasis in interconnected and intricate way. Collectively, these findings not only provide insights into the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, but also highlight the therapeutic potential of SFXN2 in combination with iron metabolism as target for prognosis and treatment in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinggang Ding
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Wang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Tang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Tang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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New Players in Neuronal Iron Homeostasis: Insights from CRISPRi Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091807. [PMID: 36139881 PMCID: PMC9495848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective regional iron accumulation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The underlying mechanisms of neuronal iron dyshomeostasis have been studied, mainly in a gene-by-gene approach. However, recent high-content phenotypic screens using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene perturbations allow for the identification of new pathways that contribute to iron accumulation in neuronal cells. Herein, we perform a bioinformatic analysis of a CRISPR-based screening of lysosomal iron accumulation and the functional genomics of human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Consistent with previous studies, we identified mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction as one of the main mechanisms triggering iron accumulation, although we substantially expanded the gene set causing this phenomenon, encompassing mitochondrial complexes I to IV, several associated assembly factors, and coenzyme Q biosynthetic enzymes. Similarly, the loss of numerous genes participating through the complete macroautophagic process elicit iron accumulation. As a novelty, we found that the impaired synthesis of glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) and GPI-anchored protein trafficking also trigger iron accumulation in a cell-autonomous manner. Finally, the loss of critical components of the iron transporters trafficking machinery, including MON2 and PD-associated gene VPS35, also contribute to increased neuronal levels. Our analysis suggests that neuronal iron accumulation can arise from the dysfunction of an expanded, previously uncharacterized array of molecular pathways.
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A High-Throughput Search for SFXN1 Physical Partners Led to the Identification of ATAD3, HSD10 and TIM50. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091298. [PMID: 36138777 PMCID: PMC9495560 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are central players in cell fate and cell death. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of these organelles relies on numerous mitochondrial transporters, among which the sideroflexins have received little attention to date despite their emerging importance in human health. To better understand the cellular functions of these transporters and their associations with diseases, we herein investigated the molecular partners of one human sideroflexin, SFXN1. Several proteins capable of interacting with SFXN1 were identified, including ATAD3 and HSD10, two mitochondrial proteins linked to neuronal disorders. Abstract Sideroflexins (SFXN, SLC56) are a family of evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial carriers potentially involved in iron homeostasis. One member of the SFXN family is SFXN1, recently identified as a human mitochondrial serine transporter. However, little is known about the SFXN1 interactome, necessitating a high-throughput search to better characterize SFXN1 mitochondrial functions. Via co-immunoprecipitation followed by shotgun mass spectrometry (coIP-MS), we identified 96 putative SFXN1 interactors in the MCF7 human cell line. Our in silico analysis of the SFXN1 interactome highlights biological processes linked to mitochondrial organization, electron transport chains and transmembrane transport. Among the potential physical partners, ATAD3A and 17β-HSD10, two proteins associated with neurological disorders, were confirmed using different human cell lines. Nevertheless, further work will be needed to investigate the significance of these interactions.
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