1
|
Quaiyum S, Yuan Y, Kuipers PJ, Martinelli M, Jaroch M, de Crécy-Lagard V. Deciphering the Diversity in Bacterial Transporters That Salvage Queuosine Precursors. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:16. [PMID: 38804365 PMCID: PMC11130926 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Queuosine (Q) is a modification of the wobble base of tRNA harboring GUN anticodons with roles in decoding accuracy and efficiency. Its synthesis is complex with multiple enzymatic steps, and several pathway intermediates can be salvaged. The only two transporter families known to salvage Q precursors are QPTR/COG1738 and QrtT/QueT. Analyses of the distribution of known Q synthesis and salvage genes in human gut and oral microbiota genomes have suggested that more transporter families remain to be found and that Q precursor exchanges must occur within the structured microenvironments of the mammalian host. Using physical clustering and fusion-based association with Q salvage genes, candidate genes for missing transporters were identified and five were tested experimentally by complementation assays in Escherichia coli. Three genes encoding transporters from three different Pfam families, a ureide permease (PF07168) from Acidobacteriota bacterium, a hemolysin III family protein (PF03006) from Bifidobacterium breve, and a Major Facilitator Superfamily protein (PF07690) from Bartonella henselae, were found to allow the transport of both preQ0 and preQ1 in this heterologous system. This work suggests that many transporter families can evolve to transport Q precursors, reinforcing the concept of transporter plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Quaiyum
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Paul J. Kuipers
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Maria Martinelli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
- eSTEAMed Learning Inc., Maitland, FL 32751, USA
| | - Marshall Jaroch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.Q.); (Y.Y.); (P.J.K.)
- Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loo EPI, Durán P, Pang TY, Westhoff P, Deng C, Durán C, Lercher M, Garrido-Oter R, Frommer WB. Sugar transporters spatially organize microbiota colonization along the longitudinal root axis of Arabidopsis. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:543-556.e6. [PMID: 38479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots are functionally heterogeneous in cellular architecture, transcriptome profile, metabolic state, and microbial immunity. We hypothesized that axial differentiation may also impact spatial colonization by root microbiota along the root axis. We developed two growth systems, ArtSoil and CD-Rhizotron, to grow and then dissect Arabidopsis thaliana roots into three segments. We demonstrate that distinct endospheric and rhizosphere bacterial communities colonize the segments, supporting the hypothesis of microbiota differentiation along the axis. Root metabolite profiling of each segment reveals differential metabolite enrichment and specificity. Bioinformatic analyses and GUS histochemistry indicate microbe-induced accumulation of SWEET2, 4, and 12 sugar uniporters. Profiling of root segments from sweet mutants shows altered spatial metabolic profiles and reorganization of endospheric root microbiota. This work reveals the interdependency between root metabolites and microbial colonization and the contribution of SWEETs to spatial diversity and stability of microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P-I Loo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Paloma Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chen Deng
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Li L, Liao X, Wang S, Mitchell J, Rabel C, Luo S, Shi J, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Aksamitiene E, Renteria CA, Chaney EJ, Milner DJ, Wheeler MB, Gillette MU, Schwing A, Chen J, Tu H. Supercontinuum intrinsic fluorescence imaging heralds free view of living systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577383. [PMID: 38328159 PMCID: PMC10849662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint from the supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser physics, we generated supercontinuum fluorescence from untreated unlabeled live samples before nonlinear photodamage onset. Our imaging achieved high-content cell phenotyping and tissue histology, identified bovine embryo polarization, quantified aging-related stress across cell types and species, demystified embryogenesis before and after implantation, sensed drug cytotoxicity in real-time, scanned brain area for targeted patching, optimized machine learning to track small moving organisms, induced two-photon phototropism of leaf chloroplasts under two-photon photosynthesis, unraveled microscopic origin of autumn colors, and interrogated intestinal microbiome. The results enable a facility-type microscope to freely explore vital molecular biology across life sciences.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In gut microbial communities, a historical reliance on bulk sequencing to probe community composition and dynamics has overlooked critical processes whereby microscale interactions affect systems-level microbiota function and the relationship with the host. In recent years, higher-resolution sequencing and novel single-cell level data have uncovered an incredible heterogeneity in microbial composition and have enabled a more nuanced spatial understanding of the gut microbiota. In an era when spatial transcriptomics and single-cell imaging and analysis have become key tools in mammalian cell and tissue biology, many of these techniques are now being applied to the microbiota. This fresh approach to intestinal biogeography has given important insights that span temporal and spatial scales, from the discovery of mucus encapsulation of the microbiota to the quantification of bacterial species throughout the gut. In this Review, we highlight emerging knowledge surrounding gut biogeography enabled by the observation and quantification of heterogeneity across multiple scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle McCallum
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carolina Tropini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu XA, McLean C, Hehemann JH, Angeles-Albores D, Wu F, Muszyński A, Corzett CH, Azadi P, Kujawinski EB, Alm EJ, Polz MF. Low-level resource partitioning supports coexistence among functionally redundant bacteria during successional dynamics. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrad013. [PMID: 38365244 PMCID: PMC10811730 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Members of microbial communities can substantially overlap in substrate use. However, what enables functionally redundant microorganisms to coassemble or even stably coexist remains poorly understood. Here, we show that during unstable successional dynamics on complex, natural organic matter, functionally redundant bacteria can coexist by partitioning low-concentration substrates even though they compete for one simple, dominant substrate. We allowed ocean microbial communities to self-assemble on leachates of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and then analyzed the competition among 10 taxonomically diverse isolates representing two distinct stages of the succession. All, but two isolates, exhibited an average of 90% ± 6% pairwise overlap in resource use, and functional redundancy of isolates from the same assembly stage was higher than that from between assembly stages, leading us to construct a simpler four-isolate community with two isolates from each of the early and late stages. We found that, although the short-term dynamics of the four-isolate communities in F. vesiculosus leachate was dependent on initial isolate ratios, in the long term, the four isolates stably coexist in F. vesiculosus leachate, albeit with some strains at low abundance. We therefore explored the potential for nonredundant substrate use by genomic content analysis and RNA expression patterns. This analysis revealed that the four isolates mainly differed in peripheral metabolic pathways, such as the ability to degrade pyrimidine, leucine, and tyrosine, as well as aromatic substrates. These results highlight the importance of fine-scale differences in metabolic strategies for supporting the frequently observed coexistence of large numbers of rare organisms in natural microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Annie Yu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystems Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Craig McLean
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
- MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - David Angeles-Albores
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Fuqing Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Christopher H Corzett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Kujawinski
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Martin F Polz
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystems Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robitaille S, Simmons EL, Verster AJ, McClure EA, Royce DB, Trus E, Swartz K, Schultz D, Nadell CD, Ross BD. Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2092-2107. [PMID: 37884689 PMCID: PMC11099977 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the composition of the human gut microbiota and the ecological forces shaping it is of great importance; however, knowledge of the biogeographical and ecological relationships between physically interacting taxa is limited. Interbacterial antagonism may play an important role in gut community dynamics, yet the conditions under which antagonistic behaviour is favoured or disfavoured by selection in the gut are not well understood. Here, using genomics, we show that a species-specific type VI secretion system (T6SS) repeatedly acquires inactivating mutations in Bacteroides fragilis in the human gut. This result implies a fitness cost to the T6SS, but we could not identify laboratory conditions under which such a cost manifests. Strikingly, experiments in mice illustrate that the T6SS can be favoured or disfavoured in the gut depending on the strains and species in the surrounding community and their susceptibility to T6SS antagonism. We use ecological modelling to explore the conditions that could underlie these results and find that community spatial structure modulates interaction patterns among bacteria, thereby modulating the costs and benefits of T6SS activity. Our findings point towards new integrative models for interrogating the evolutionary dynamics of type VI secretion and other modes of antagonistic interaction in microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Robitaille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Emilia L Simmons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Adrian J Verster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Emily Ann McClure
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Darlene B Royce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Evan Trus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kerry Swartz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin D Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin R, Wang T, Dai H, Han J, Sun J, Liu N, Dong W, Zhong J, Liu H. Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms. Protein Cell 2023; 14:776-785. [PMID: 37013853 PMCID: PMC10599643 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poceviciute R, Bogatyrev SR, Romano AE, Dilmore AH, Mondragón-Palomino O, Takko H, Pradhan O, Ismagilov RF. Quantitative whole-tissue 3D imaging reveals bacteria in close association with mouse jejunum mucosa. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:64. [PMID: 37679412 PMCID: PMC10485000 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the small intestine (SI) epithelium lacks a thick protective mucus layer, microbes that colonize the thin SI mucosa may exert a substantial effect on the host. For example, bacterial colonization of the human SI may contribute to environmental enteropathy dysfunction (EED) in malnourished children. Thus far, potential bacterial colonization of the mucosal surface of the SI has only been documented in disease states, suggesting mucosal colonization is rare, likely requiring multiple perturbations. Furthermore, conclusive proof of bacterial colonization of the SI mucosal surface is challenging, and the three-dimensional (3D) spatial structure of mucosal colonies remains unknown. Here, we tested whether we could induce dense bacterial association with jejunum mucosa by subjecting mice to a combination of malnutrition and oral co-gavage with a bacterial cocktail (E. coli and Bacteroides spp.) known to induce EED. To visualize these events, we optimized our previously developed whole-tissue 3D imaging tools with third-generation hybridization chain reaction (HCR v3.0) probes. Only in mice that were malnourished and gavaged with the bacterial cocktail did we detect dense bacterial clusters surrounding intestinal villi suggestive of colonization. Furthermore, in these mice we detected villus loss, which may represent one possible consequence that bacterial colonization of the SI mucosa has on the host. Our results suggest that dense bacterial colonization of jejunum mucosa is possible in the presence of multiple perturbations and that whole-tissue 3D imaging tools can enable the study of these rare events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Poceviciute
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Said R Bogatyrev
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna E Romano
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Amanda H Dilmore
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Octavio Mondragón-Palomino
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heli Takko
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ojas Pradhan
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rustem F Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Correia GD, Marchesi JR, MacIntyre DA. Moving beyond DNA: towards functional analysis of the vaginal microbiome by non-sequencing-based methods. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102292. [PMID: 36931094 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, sequencing-based methods have revolutionised our understanding of niche-specific microbial complexity. In the lower female reproductive tract, these approaches have enabled identification of bacterial compositional structures associated with health and disease. Application of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics strategies have provided insight into the putative function of these communities but it is increasingly clear that direct measures of microbial and host cell function are required to understand the contribution of microbe-host interactions to pathophysiology. Here we explore and discuss current methods and approaches, many of which rely upon mass-spectrometry, being used to capture functional insight into the vaginal mucosal interface. In addition to improving mechanistic understanding, these methods offer innovative solutions for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies designed to improve women's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Ds Correia
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alverdy JC. Rationale for Colonic Pre-Habilitation Prior to Restoration of Gastrointestinal Continuity. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:265-270. [PMID: 37010975 PMCID: PMC10061335 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the gut microbiome as a complex ecosystem that plays a key role in human heath and disease has touched virtually every aspect of medical and surgical care. With the advent of next-generation technology to interrogate the microbiome at the level of its membership, community structure and production of metabolites, applying measures by which the gut microbiome can be manipulated to the advantage of both the patient and provider is now possible. Among the many proposed methods, the most practical and promising is dietary pre-habilitation of the gut microbiome prior to high-risk anastomotic surgery. In this review, we will outline the scientific rationale and molecular underpinning that support dietary pre-habilitation as a practical and deliverable method to prevent complications after high-risk anastomotic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Alverdy
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Robitaille S, Simmons EL, Verster AJ, McClure EA, Royce DB, Trus E, Swartz K, Schultz D, Nadell CD, Ross BD. Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.529031. [PMID: 36865186 PMCID: PMC9980007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the composition of the human gut microbiota and the ecological forces shaping it is of high importance as progress towards therapeutic modulation of the microbiota advances. However, given the inaccessibility of the gastrointestinal tract, our knowledge of the biogeographical and ecological relationships between physically interacting taxa has been limited to date. It has been suggested that interbacterial antagonism plays an important role in gut community dynamics, but in practice the conditions under which antagonistic behavior is favored or disfavored by selection in the gut environment are not well known. Here, using phylogenomics of bacterial isolate genomes and analysis of infant and adult fecal metagenomes, we show that the contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) is repeatedly lost from the genomes of Bacteroides fragilis in adults compare to infants. Although this result implies a significant fitness cost to the T6SS, but we could not identify in vitro conditions under which such a cost manifests. Strikingly, however, experiments in mice illustrated that the B. fragilis T6SS can be favored or disfavored in the gut environment, depending on the strains and species in the surrounding community and their susceptibility to T6SS antagonism. We use a variety of ecological modeling techniques to explore the possible local community structuring conditions that could underlie the results of our larger scale phylogenomic and mouse gut experimental approaches. The models illustrate robustly that the pattern of local community structuring in space can modulate the extent of interactions between T6SS-producing, sensitive, and resistant bacteria, which in turn control the balance of fitness costs and benefits of performing contact-dependent antagonistic behavior. Taken together, our genomic analyses, in vivo studies, and ecological theory point toward new integrative models for interrogating the evolutionary dynamics of type VI secretion and other predominant modes of antagonistic interaction in diverse microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Robitaille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Emilia L. Simmons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Adrian J. Verster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Emily Ann McClure
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Darlene B. Royce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Evan Trus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kerry Swartz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Carey D. Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Breakdown of clonal cooperative architecture in multispecies biofilms and the spatial ecology of predation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212650120. [PMID: 36730197 PMCID: PMC9963355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212650120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation, including adherence to surfaces and secretion of extracellular matrix, is common in the microbial world, but we often do not know how interaction at the cellular spatial scale translates to higher-order biofilm community ecology. Here we explore an especially understudied element of biofilm ecology, namely predation by the bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. This predator can kill and consume many different Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. V. cholerae can protect itself from predation within densely packed biofilm structures that it creates, whereas E. coli biofilms are highly susceptible to B. bacteriovorus. We explore how predator-prey dynamics change when V. cholerae and E. coli are growing in biofilms together. We find that in dual-species prey biofilms, E. coli survival under B. bacteriovorus predation increases, whereas V. cholerae survival decreases. E. coli benefits from predator protection when it becomes embedded within expanding groups of highly packed V. cholerae. But we also find that the ordered, highly packed, and clonal biofilm structure of V. cholerae can be disrupted if V. cholerae cells are directly adjacent to E. coli cells at the start of biofilm growth. When this occurs, the two species become intermixed, and the resulting disordered cell groups do not block predator entry. Because biofilm cell group structure depends on initial cell distributions at the start of prey biofilm growth, the surface colonization dynamics have a dramatic impact on the eventual multispecies biofilm architecture, which in turn determines to what extent both species survive exposure to B. bacteriovorus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Moreno E, Ron R, Serrano-Villar S. The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1072655. [PMID: 36756132 PMCID: PMC9900135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the microbiota has largely been associated with the pathogenesis of viral infections, most studies using omics techniques are correlational and hypothesis-generating. The mechanisms affecting the immune responses to viral infections are still being fully understood. Here we focus on the two most important sexually transmitted persistent viruses, HPV and HIV. Sophisticated omics techniques are boosting our ability to understand microbiota-pathogen-host interactions from a functional perspective by surveying the host and bacterial protein and metabolite production using systems biology approaches. However, while these strategies have allowed describing interaction networks to identify potential novel microbiota-associated biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or treat infectious diseases, the analyses are typically based on highly dimensional datasets -thousands of features in small cohorts of patients-. As a result, we are far from getting to their clinical use. Here we provide a broad overview of how the microbiota influences the immune responses to HIV and HPV disease. Furthermore, we highlight experimental approaches to understand better the microbiota-host-virus interactions that might increase our potential to identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents with clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yuan W, Xu J, Guo L, Chen Y, Gu J, Zhang H, Yang C, Yang Q, Deng S, Zhang L, Deng Q, Wang Z, Ling B, Deng D. Clinical Risk Factors and Microbiological and Intestinal Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Colonization and Subsequent Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0190621. [PMID: 36445086 PMCID: PMC9769896 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01906-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is always a prerequisite for the development of translocated infections. Here, we sought to screen for fecal carriage of CRE and identify the risk factors for CRE colonization as well as subsequent translocated pneumonia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in China. We further focused on the intestinal flora composition and fecal metabolic profiles in CRE rectal colonization and translocated infection patients. Animal models of gastrointestinal colonization with a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae [CRKP]) clinical isolate expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established, and systemic infection was subsequently traced using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). The intestinal barrier, inflammatory factors, and infiltrating immune cells were further investigated. In this study, we screened 54 patients hospitalized in the ICU with CRE rectal colonization, and 50% of the colonized patients developed CRE-associated pneumonia, in line with the significantly high mortality rate. Upon multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with subsequent pneumonia caused by CRE in patients with fecal colonization included enteral feeding and carbapenem exposure. Furthermore, CRKP colonization and translocated infection influenced the diversity and community composition of the intestinal microbiome. Downregulated propionate and butyrate probably play important and multiangle roles in regulating immune cell infiltration, inflammatory factor expression, and mucus and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Although the risk factors and intestinal biomarkers for subsequent infections among CRE-colonized patients were explored, further work is needed to elucidate the complicated mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as a major threat to modern medicine, and the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical and public health problem. Gastrointestinal colonization by potential pathogens is always a prerequisite for the development of translocated infections, and there is a growing need to assess clinical risk factors and microbiological and intestinal characteristics to prevent the development of clinical infection by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chenghang Yang
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiongfang Deng
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Deyao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Precise spatial structure impacts antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in polymicrobial wound infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212340119. [PMID: 36520668 PMCID: PMC9907066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212340119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of microbial ecology is that interactions between members of a community shape community function. This includes microbial communities in human infections, such as chronic wounds, where interactions can result in more severe diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism isolated from human chronic wound infections and has been shown to have both cooperative and competitive interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Still, despite considerable study, most interactions between these microbes have been characterized using in vitro well-mixed systems, which do not recapitulate the infection environment. Here, we characterized interactions between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in chronic murine wounds, focusing on the role that both macro- and micro-scale spatial structures play in disease. We discovered that S. aureus and P. aeruginosa coexist at high cell densities in murine wounds. High-resolution imaging revealed that these microbes establish a patchy distribution, only occupying 5 to 25% of the wound volume. Using a quantitative framework, we identified a precise spatial structure at both the macro (mm)- and micro (µm)-scales, which was largely mediated by P. aeruginosa production of the antimicrobial 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, while the antimicrobial pyocyanin had no impact. Finally, we discovered that this precise spatial structure enhances S. aureus tolerance to aminoglycoside antibiotics but not vancomycin. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the biogeography of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa coinfected wounds and implicate spatial structure as a key determinant of antimicrobial tolerance in wound infections.
Collapse
|