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Ciarella S, Khomenko D, Berthier L, Mocanu FC, Reichman DR, Scalliet C, Zamponi F. Finding defects in glasses through machine learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4229. [PMID: 37454138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural defects control the kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of glasses. For instance, rare quantum tunneling two-level systems (TLS) govern the physics of glasses at very low temperature. Due to their extremely low density, it is very hard to directly identify them in computer simulations. We introduce a machine learning approach to efficiently explore the potential energy landscape of glass models and identify desired classes of defects. We focus in particular on TLS and we design an algorithm that is able to rapidly predict the quantum splitting between any two amorphous configurations produced by classical simulations. This in turn allows us to shift the computational effort towards the collection and identification of a larger number of TLS, rather than the useless characterization of non-tunneling defects which are much more abundant. Finally, we interpret our machine learning model to understand how TLS are identified and characterized, thus giving direct physical insight into their microscopic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciarella
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Dmytro Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Felix C Mocanu
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Camille Scalliet
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zamponi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
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Wu ZW, Chen Y, Wang WH, Kob W, Xu L. Topology of vibrational modes predicts plastic events in glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2955. [PMID: 37225717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plastic deformation of crystalline materials can be understood by considering their structural defects such as disclinations and dislocations. Although also glasses are solids, their structure resembles closely the one of a liquid and hence the concept of structural defects becomes ill-defined. As a consequence it is very challenging to rationalize on a microscopic level the mechanical properties of glasses close to the yielding point and to relate plastic events to structural properties. Here we investigate the topological characteristics of the eigenvector field of the vibrational excitations of a two-dimensional glass model, notably the geometric arrangement of the topological defects as a function of vibrational frequency. We find that if the system is subjected to a quasistatic shear, the location of the resulting plastic events correlate strongly with the topological defects that have a negative charge. Our results provide thus a direct link between the structure of glasses prior their deformation and the plastic events during deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei Wu
- Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yixiao Chen
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Walter Kob
- Department of Physics, University of Montpellier and CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Sartor JD, Corwin EI. Predicting Defects in Soft Sphere Packings near Jamming Using the Force Network Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:188001. [PMID: 36374695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.188001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous systems of soft particles above jamming have more contacts than are needed to achieve mechanical equilibrium. The force network of a granular system with a fixed contact network is thus underdetermined and can be characterized as a random instantiation within the space of the force network ensemble. In this Letter, we show that defect contacts that are not necessary for stability of the system can be uniquely identified by examining the boundaries of this space of allowed force networks. We further show that, for simulations in the near jamming limit, this identification is nearly always correct and that defect contacts are broken under decompression of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sartor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Eric I Corwin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Tah I, Ridout SA, Liu AJ. Fragility in glassy liquids: A structural approach based on machine learning. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124501. [PMID: 36182409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of viscosity or relaxation time upon supercooling is a universal hallmark of glassy liquids. The temperature dependence of viscosity, however, is quite nonuniversal for glassy liquids and is characterized by the system's "fragility," with liquids with nearly Arrhenius temperature-dependent relaxation times referred to as strong liquids and those with super-Arrhenius behavior referred to as fragile liquids. What makes some liquids strong and others fragile is still not well understood. Here, we explore this question in a family of harmonic spheres that range from extremely strong to extremely fragile, using "softness," a structural order parameter identified by machine learning to be highly correlated with dynamical rearrangements. We use a support vector machine to identify softness as the same linear combination of structural quantities across the entire family of liquids studied. We then use softness to identify the factors controlling fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Tah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sean A Ridout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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