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Bao X, Tang Y, Lv Y, Fu S, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhou M, Zhu B, Ding Z, Zhou F. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide ameliorated ulcerative colitis by remodeling intestinal mucosal barrier function via regulating the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112404. [PMID: 38851163 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic and protracted course and often leads to a poor prognosis. Patients with this condition often experience postoperative complications, further complicating the management of their condition. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP) has demonstrated considerable potential as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. However, its underlying mechanism in the treatment of UC remains unclear. This study systematically and comprehensively investigated the effects of THP on dextran sulfate-induced UC mice and illustrated its specific mechanism of action. The colon and spleen in UC mice were restored after THP treatment. The levels of key markers, such as secretory immunoglobulin A, β-defensin, and mucin-2 were increased, collagen deposition and epithelial cell apoptosis were decreased. Notably, THP administration led to increased levels of Ki67 and tight junction proteins in colon tissue and reduced colon tissue permeability. THP contributed to the restored balance of intestinal flora. Furthermore, THP downregulated the expressions of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17 and promoted those of the regulatory factors forkhead box protein P3. It also exerted anti-inflammatory effects by promoting suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1) expression and inhibiting the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that THP had an efficacy comparable to that of JAK inhibitor in treating UC. In addition, THP might play a role in UC therapy through modulation of the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and remodeling of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Youying Tang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Siyu Fu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Du S, Tu X, Duan X, Wan H, Ai Z, Luo J, Zou Z, Luo L. Rapid Analysis of Colonic Metabolomics in High-Fat Diet Mice by Extraction Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EESI-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18294-18303. [PMID: 39083356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Propolis exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties in both mouse models and clinical applications. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Traditional metabolomic methods that rely on chromatographic separation require complex preprocessing steps and extended detection periods. In this study, we employed extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis to directly profile metabolites in the colon tissue of mice. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) in mitigating weight gain, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and improving insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Additionally, EEP enhanced glucose tolerance. Through collision-induced dissociation experiments, we identified 26 metabolites, with 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, hippuric acid, histidine, and tryptophan emerging as potential biomarkers. Notably, tryptophan exhibited the highest content at 8.25 mg/g. Our research facilitates rapid profiling of colon metabolites, underscoring its significant potential for broader applications in animal metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangguang Du
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xutang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zuozuo Ai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhengrong Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Liping Luo
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Liu Q, Li X, Pan Y, Liu Q, Li Y, He C, Zheng N, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Sheng L, Zhang B, Shen T, Wu G, Li H, Wang X, Zhang W, Hu Y, Zhao Y. Efficacy and safety of Qushi Huayu, a traditional Chinese medicine, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a randomized controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155398. [PMID: 38788390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an unmet medical need. Qushi Huayu (QSHY) is an empirical herbal formula with promising effects in NAFLD rodent models and a connection to gut microbiota regulation. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of QSHY in patients with NAFLD through a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial. STUDY DESIGN A total of 246 eligible patients with NAFLD and liver dysfunction were evenly divided to receive either QSHY and Dangfei Liganning capsule (DFLG) simulant or QSHY simulant and DFLG (an approved proprietary Chinese medicine for NAFLD in China) for 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in liver fat content, assessed using vibration-controlled transient elastography, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from baseline to Week 24. RESULTS Both QSHY and DFLG led to reductions in liver fat content and liver enzyme levels post-intervention (p < 0.05). Compared to DFLG, QSHY treatment improved ALT (β, -0.128 [95 % CI, -0.25, -0.005], p = 0.041), aspartate transaminase (β, -0.134 [95 % CI, -0.256 to -0.012], p = 0.032), and fibrosis-4 score (β, -0.129 [95 % CI, -0.254 to -0.003], p = 0.044) levels. QSHY markedly improved gut dysbiosis compared to DFLG, with changes in Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides abundance linked to its therapeutic effect on reducing ALT. Patients with a high ALT response after QSHY treatment showed superior reductions in peripheral levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine, along with an elevation in the related microbial metabolite p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate favorable clinical potential for QSHY in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of gastroenterology, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious disease, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Department of gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious disease, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianbai Shen
- Department of Infectious disease, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Department of gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Infectious disease, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Florkowski M, Abiona E, Frank KM, Brichacek AL. Obesity-associated inflammation countered by a Mediterranean diet: the role of gut-derived metabolites. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1392666. [PMID: 38978699 PMCID: PMC11229823 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1392666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide and has become a critical public health priority. Obesity is associated with many co-morbid conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although the physiology of obesity is complex, a healthy diet and sufficient exercise are two elements known to be critical to combating this condition. Years of research on the Mediterranean diet, which is high in fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, fish, and olive oil, have demonstrated a reduction in numerous non-communicable chronic diseases associated with this diet. There is strong evidence to support an anti-inflammatory effect of the diet, and inflammation is a key driver of obesity. Changes in diet alter the gut microbiota which are intricately intertwined with human physiology, as gut microbiota-derived metabolites play a key role in biological pathways throughout the body. This review will summarize recent published studies that examine the potential role of gut metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharide, in modulating inflammation after consumption of a Mediterranean-like diet. These metabolites modulate pathways of inflammation through the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, toll-like receptor 4 signaling, and macrophage driven effects in adipocytes, among other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Florkowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Esther Abiona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karen M Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison L Brichacek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Goris T, Braune A. Genomics and physiology of Catenibacillus, human gut bacteria capable of polyphenol C-deglycosylation and flavonoid degradation. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001245. [PMID: 38785231 PMCID: PMC11170127 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Catenibacillus (family Lachnospiraceae, phylum Bacillota) includes only one cultivated species so far, Catenibacillus scindens, isolated from human faeces and capable of deglycosylating dietary polyphenols and degrading flavonoid aglycones. Another human intestinal Catenibacillus strain not taxonomically resolved at that time was recently genome-sequenced. We analysed the genome of this novel isolate, designated Catenibacillus decagia, and showed its ability to deglycosylate C-coupled flavone and xanthone glucosides and O-coupled flavonoid glycosides. Most of the resulting aglycones were further degraded to the corresponding phenolic acids. Including the recently sequenced genome of C. scindens and ten faecal metagenome-assembled genomes assigned to the genus Catenibacillus, we performed a comparative genome analysis and searched for genes encoding potential C-glycosidases and other polyphenol-converting enzymes. According to genome data and physiological characterization, the core metabolism of Catenibacillus strains is based on a fermentative lifestyle with butyrate production and hydrogen evolution. Both C. scindens and C. decagia encode a flavonoid O-glycosidase, a flavone reductase, a flavanone/flavanonol-cleaving reductase and a phloretin hydrolase. Several gene clusters encode enzymes similar to those of the flavonoid C-deglycosylation system of Dorea strain PUE (DgpBC), while separately located genes encode putative polyphenol-glucoside oxidases (DgpA) required for C-deglycosylation. The diversity of dgpA and dgpBC gene clusters might explain the broad C-glycoside substrate spectrum of C. scindens and C. decagia. The other Catenibacillus genomes encode only a few potential flavonoid-converting enzymes. Our results indicate that several Catenibacillus species are well-equipped to deglycosylate and degrade dietary plant polyphenols and might inhabit a corresponding, specific niche in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Goris
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Zhou Y, Tang J, Du W, Zhang Y, Ye BC. Screening potential biomarkers associated with insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by integrating metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0409423. [PMID: 38411058 PMCID: PMC10986473 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04094-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the primary pathophysiological basis for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites are pivotal in insulin resistance. However, identifying the specific microbes and key metabolites with causal roles is a challenging task, and the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. Here, we successfully constructed a model of insulin resistance in mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and screened potential biomarkers associated with insulin resistance by integrating metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Our findings showed a significant increase in the abundance of 30 species of Alistipes in HFD mice compared to normal diet (ND) mice, while the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Candidatus Amulumruptor was significantly lower in HFD mice than in ND mice. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 21 insulin resistance-associated metabolites, originating from the microbiota or co-metabolized by both the microbiota and the host. These metabolites were primarily enriched in aromatic amino acid metabolism (tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism) and arginine biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed a significant association between the three distinct genera and 21 differentiated metabolites in the HFD and ND mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of representative genomes from 12 species of the three distinct genera further revealed the functional potential in aromatic amino acid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota and its metabolites impact insulin resistance. IMPORTANCE In this study, we aim to identify the microbes and metabolites linked to insulin resistance, some of which have not been previously reported in insulin resistance-related studies. This adds a complementary dimension to existing research. Furthermore, we establish a correlation between alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite levels. These findings serve as a foundation for identifying the causal bacterial species and metabolites. They also offer insights that guide further exploration into the mechanisms through which these factors influence host insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhou
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- Laboratory of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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7
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Halliwell B. Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:13-33. [PMID: 37714962 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them. The Review also explores the reasons behind the successes and failures of antioxidants in treating or preventing human disease. Antioxidants may have special roles in the gastrointestinal tract, and many lifestyle features known to promote health (especially diet, exercise and the control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels) may be acting, at least in part, by antioxidant mechanisms. Certain reactive sulfur species may be important antioxidants but more accurate determinations of their concentrations in vivo are needed to help assess their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Xu L, Tang Z, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Qiu Z, Li B, Yang Y, Huang W. In vitro fermentation characteristics of blueberry anthocyanins and their impacts on gut microbiota from obese human. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113761. [PMID: 38163698 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiota may play an important intermediary role in anthocyanins' beneficial impacts on obesity. However, the microbe-related anti-obesity mechanism of blueberry anthocyanins remains unclear. In this study, the interactions between blueberry anthocyanin extracts (BAE) and gut microbiota from obese humans were explored using an in vitro fermentation model. Due to hydrolysis and metabolism by the microbiota, the contents of blueberry anthocyanins are reduced during fermentation. It was demonstrated that both aglycones and glycosides affected the degradation rate. The microbial composition evaluation revealed that BAE could alleviate obesity by promoting the colonization of probiotics such as Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 and Bacteroides, as well as inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Klebsiella. Blueberry anthocyanin extracts facilitate the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which is beneficial for obesity control. The relationship between blueberry anthocyanins, gut microbiota, and SCFAs was further investigated. Overall, this data provides new insights into the positive interaction between blueberry anthocyanins and gut microbiota in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Xu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
| | - Zhaocheng Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
| | | | - Zeyu Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
| | - Yiyun Yang
- Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd, Zhuji 311899, PR China.
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
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Gade A, Kumar MS. Gut microbial metabolites of dietary polyphenols and their potential role in human health and diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:695-718. [PMID: 37653220 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols contribute as one of the largest groups of compounds among all the phytochemicals. Common sources of dietary polyphenols are vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals, whole grains, etc. Owing to their original form, they are difficult to get absorbed. Dietary polyphenols after undergoing gut microbial metabolism form bioaccessible and effective metabolites. Polyphenols and derived metabolites are all together a diversified group of compounds exhibiting pharmacological activities against cardiovascular, cancer, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and bacterial diseases. The formed metabolites are sometimes even more bioavailable and efficacious than the parent polyphenols. Studies on gut microbial metabolism of dietary polyphenols have introduced new approach for the use of polyphenol-rich food in the form of supplementary diet. This review provides insights on various aspects including classification of polyphenols, gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of polyphenols, chemistry of polyphenol metabolism, and pharmacological actions of gut microbial metabolites of polyphenols. It also suggests the use of polyphenols from marine source for the microbial metabolism studies. Till date, gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from terrestrial sources is extensively studied as compared to marine polyphenols. Marine ecosystem is a profound but partially explored source of phytoconstituents. Among them, edible seaweeds contain high concentration of polyphenols, especially phlorotannins. Hence, microbial metabolism studies of seaweeds can unravel the pharmacological potential of marine polyphenol-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Gade
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - Maushmi S Kumar
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India.
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10
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Chen J, Zhong H, Huang Z, Chen X, You J, Zou T. A Critical Review of Kaempferol in Intestinal Health and Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1642. [PMID: 37627637 PMCID: PMC10451660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a secondary metabolite found in plants, is a naturally occurring flavonoid displaying significant potential in various biological activities. The chemical structure of kaempferol is distinguished by the presence of phenyl rings and four hydroxyl substituents, which make it an exceptional radical scavenger. Most recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of kaempferol in the regulation of intestinal function and the mitigation of intestinal inflammation. The focus of the review will primarily be on its impact in terms of antioxidant properties, inflammation, maintenance of intestinal barrier function, and its potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer and obesity. Future research endeavors should additionally give priority to investigating the specific dosage and duration of kaempferol administration for different pathological conditions, while simultaneously conducting deeper investigations into the comprehensible mechanisms of action related to the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This review intends to present novel evidence supporting the utilization of kaempferol in the regulation of gut health and the management of associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.C.); (J.Y.)
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11
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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