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Vlok M, Oxenham M, Domett K, Trinh HH, Minh TT, Nguyen MH, Matsumura H, Buckley H. High prevalence of adult and nonadult scurvy in an early agricultural transition site from Mainland Southeast Asia was associated with decreased survivorship. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 185:e25011. [PMID: 39152997 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The osteological paradox recognizes that the presence of lesions is not always directly related with increased mortality. When combined with the clinical, historical, and epidemiological literature on scurvy, survivorship analysis, a form of statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the presence of diseases in the archeological record and survival, helps determine the overall burden of the disease both in terms of morbidity and mortality. This article explores the relationship between scurvy and survivorship in 26 adults from Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam together with prepublished evidence of scurvy in the nonadult population (n = 44). METHODS Diagnosis of scurvy included differential diagnosis combined with the Snoddy, A. M. E., Buckley, H. R., Elliott, G. E., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2018). Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains: A literature synthesis and diagnostic guide. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167(4), 876-895. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23699 threshold criteria and the Brickley, M. B., & Morgan, B. (2023). Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 181, 637-645 diagnostic certainty approaches. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were produced to assess the relationship between the presence of probable scurvy and age-at-death. RESULTS The prevalence of probable scurvy in adults (35%) was considerably lower than reported for the nonadults (80%). Almost all lesions observed in the adults were in a mixed stage of healing. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in survivorship between infants and children (<15 years) with or without probable scurvy, whereas a meaningful difference was observed for the adults and adolescents (15+ years). CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that scurvy considerably decreased survivorship to older age categories. The degree of lesion remodeling, however, indicates that scurvy was not necessarily the direct cause of death but contributed to an overall disease burden that was ultimately fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melandri Vlok
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Kate Domett
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hiep Hoang Trinh
- Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Minh
- Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Huong Nguyen
- Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hallie Buckley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Hosseini N, Mostafavi H, Sadeghi SMM. Impact of climate change on the future distribution of three Ferulago species in Iran using the MaxEnt model. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:1046-1059. [PMID: 38334016 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The decline of habitats supporting medicinal plants is a consequence of climate change and human activities. In the Middle East, Ferulago angulata, Ferulago carduchorum, and Ferulago phialocarpa are widely recognized for their culinary, medicinal, and economic value. Therefore, this study models these Ferulago species in Iran using the MaxEnt model under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for 2050 and 2070. The objective was to identify the most important bioclimatic (n = 6), edaphic (n = 4), and topographic (n = 3) variables influencing their distribution and predict changes under various climate scenarios. Findings reveal slope percentage as the most significant variable for F. angulata and F. carduchorum, while solar radiation was the primary variable for F. phialocarpa. MaxEnt modeling demonstrated good to excellent performance, as indicated by all the area under the curve values exceeding 0.85. Projections suggest negative area changes for F. angulata and F. carduchorum (i.e., predictions under RCP4.5 for 2050 and 2070 indicate -34.0% and -37.8% for F. phialocarpa, and -0.3% and -6.2% for F. carduchorum; additionally, predictions under RCP 8.5 for 2050 and 2070 show -39.0% and -52.2% for F. phialocarpa, and -1.33% and -9.8% for F. carduchorum), while for F. phialocarpa, a potential habitat increase (i.e., predictions under RCP4.5 for 2050 and 2070 are 23.4% and 11.2%, and under RCP 8.5 for 2050 and 2070 are 64.4% and 42.1%) is anticipated. These insights guide adaptive management strategies, emphasizing conservation and sustainable use amid global climate change. Special attention should be paid to F. angulata and F. carduchorum due to anticipated habitat loss. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1046-1059. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Hosseini
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Riris P, Silva F, Crema E, Palmisano A, Robinson E, Siegel PE, French JC, Jørgensen EK, Maezumi SY, Solheim S, Bates J, Davies B, Oh Y, Ren X. Frequent disturbances enhanced the resilience of past human populations. Nature 2024; 629:837-842. [PMID: 38693262 PMCID: PMC11111401 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The record of past human adaptations provides crucial lessons for guiding responses to crises in the future1-3. To date, there have been no systematic global comparisons of humans' ability to absorb and recover from disturbances through time4,5. Here we synthesized resilience across a broad sample of prehistoric population time-frequency data, spanning 30,000 years of human history. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of population decline show that frequent disturbances enhance a population's capacity to resist and recover from later downturns. Land-use patterns are important mediators of the strength of this positive association: farming and herding societies are more vulnerable but also more resilient overall. The results show that important trade-offs exist when adopting new or alternative land-use strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Riris
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
| | - Fabio Silva
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Enrico Crema
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessio Palmisano
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Erick Robinson
- Native Environment Solutions, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter E Siegel
- Department of Anthropology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer C French
- Department of Archaeology, Classics, and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Shira Yoshi Maezumi
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Steinar Solheim
- The Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Bates
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yongje Oh
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Nelder MP, Schats R, Poinar HN, Cooke A, Brickley MB. Pathogen prospecting of museums: Reconstructing malaria epidemiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310859121. [PMID: 38527214 PMCID: PMC11009618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310859121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease of global significance. Ongoing changes to the earth's climate, antimalarial resistance, insecticide resistance, and socioeconomic decline test the resilience of malaria prevention programs. Museum insect specimens present an untapped resource for studying vector-borne pathogens, spurring the question: Do historical mosquito collections contain Plasmodium DNA, and, if so, can museum specimens be used to reconstruct the historical epidemiology of malaria? In this Perspective, we explore molecular techniques practical to pathogen prospecting, which, more broadly, we define as the science of screening entomological museum specimens for human, animal, or plant pathogens. Historical DNA and pathogen prospecting provide a means of describing the coevolution of human, vector, and parasite, informing the development of insecticides, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Nelder
- Enteric, Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Health Protection, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rachel Schats
- Laboratory for Human Osteoarchaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik N. Poinar
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L9, Canada
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L9, Canada
| | - Amanda Cooke
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L9, Canada
| | - Megan B. Brickley
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L9, Canada
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5
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Dickson CA, Ergun-Longmire B, Greydanus DE, Eke R, Giedeman B, Nickson NM, Hoang LN, Adabanya U, Payares DVP, Chahin S, McCrary J, White K, Moon JH, Haitova N, Deleon J, Apple RW. Health equity in pediatrics: Current concepts for the care of children in the 21st century (Dis Mon). Dis Mon 2024; 70:101631. [PMID: 37739834 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This is an analysis of important aspects of health equity in caring for children and adolescents written by a multidisciplinary team from different medical centers. In this discussion for clinicians, we look at definitions of pediatric health equity and the enormous impact of social determinants of health in this area. Factors involved with pediatric healthcare disparities that are considered include race, ethnicity, gender, age, poverty, socioeconomic status, LGBT status, living in rural communities, housing instability, food insecurity, access to transportation, availability of healthcare professionals, the status of education, and employment as well as immigration. Additional issues involved with health equity in pediatrics that are reviewed will include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral health concepts, and the negative health effects of climate change. Recommendations that are presented include reflection of one's own attitudes on as well as an understanding of these topics, consideration of the role of various healthcare providers (i.e., community health workers, peer health navigators, others), the impact of behavioral health integration, and the need for well-conceived curricula as well as multi-faceted training programs in pediatric health equity at the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education levels. Furthermore, ongoing research in pediatric health equity is needed to scrutinize current concepts and stimulate the development of ideas with an ever-greater positive influence on the health of our beloved children. Clinicians caring for children can serve as champions for the optimal health of children and their families; in addition, these healthcare professionals are uniquely positioned in their daily work to understand the drivers of health inequities and to be advocates for optimal health equity in the 21st century for all children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Dickson
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Donald E Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| | - Ransome Eke
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Bethany Giedeman
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nikoli M Nickson
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Linh-Nhu Hoang
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Uzochukwu Adabanya
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Daniela V Pinto Payares
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Summer Chahin
- Department of Psychology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jerica McCrary
- Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Katie White
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jin Hyung Moon
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Nizoramo Haitova
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jocelyn Deleon
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Roger W Apple
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Ellis EC. The Anthropocene condition: evolving through social-ecological transformations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220255. [PMID: 37952626 PMCID: PMC10645118 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic planetary disruptions, from climate change to biodiversity loss, are unprecedented challenges for human societies. Some societies, social groups, cultural practices, technologies and institutions are already disintegrating or disappearing as a result. However, this coupling of socially produced environmental challenges with disruptive social changes-the Anthropocene condition-is not new. From food-producing hunter-gatherers, to farmers, to urban industrial food systems, the current planetary entanglement has its roots in millennia of evolving and accumulating sociocultural capabilities for shaping the cultured environments that our societies have always lived in (sociocultural niche construction). When these transformative capabilities to shape environments are coupled with sociocultural adaptations enabling societies to more effectively shape and live in transformed environments, the social-ecological scales and intensities of these transformations can accelerate through a positive feedback loop of 'runaway sociocultural niche construction'. Efforts to achieve a better future for both people and planet will depend on guiding this runaway evolutionary process towards better outcomes by redirecting Earth's most disruptive force of nature: the power of human aspirations. To guide this unprecedented planetary force, cultural narratives that appeal to human aspirations for a better future will be more effective than narratives of environmental crisis and overstepping natural boundaries. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erle C. Ellis
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad St, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography & Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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7
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Golo MA, Han D, Ibrar M, Haroon MA. The influence of environment and Earnings on Prolonged existence and human fertility: A Deeper Dive into Asia's environmentally vulnerable nations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22637. [PMID: 38107279 PMCID: PMC10724672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study inspects the impact of environmental deterioration and income on longevity and fertility in Asian countries, specifically the nations that are highly vulnerable to extreme weather. The study examines the data, covering two decades from 2000 to 2019. The empirical conclusions of the panel ARDL-PMG and the CS-ARDL econometric models indicate that environmental degradation leads to a decline in birth rate and life expectancy, while a rising income has a significant influence over longevity. However, increasing per capita income alone cannot solve the problem of population crisis in climatically susceptible countries. Therefore, the sample countries must prioritize climate action and formulate climate-resilient policies to add more years to the lives of their citizens. Similarly, for increasing childbirth the sample nations need to make peace with nature. The outcomes of this study are strong enough, as both the models support each other's findings, producing similar significant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongping Han
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Software College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhammad Arshad Haroon
- Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad-Campus Sindh Pakistan
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Scheinsohn V, Muñoz AS, Mondini M. Climate change and long-term human behaviour in the Neotropics: an archaeological view from the Global South. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220403. [PMID: 37718601 PMCID: PMC10505852 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we argue for the inclusion of archaeology in discussions about how humans have contributed to and dealt with climate change, especially in the long term. We suggest Niche Construction Theory as a suitable framework to that end. In order to take into account both human and environmental variability, we also advocate for a situated perspective that includes the Global South as a source of knowledge production, and the Neotropics as a relevant case study to consider. To illustrate this, we review the mid-Holocene Hypsithermal period in the southern Puna and continental Patagonia, both in southern South America, by assessing the challenges posed by this climate period and the archaeological signatures of the time from a Niche Construction Theory perspective. Finally, we emphasize the importance of these considerations for policymaking. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Scheinsohn
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1246BJN Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1406CQJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Sebastián Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Zooarqueología y Tafonomía de Zonas Áridas (LaZTA), Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JHO Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Mondini
- Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1406CQJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zooarqueología y Tafonomía de Zonas Áridas (LaZTA), Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JHO Córdoba, Argentina
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