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Kucewicz MT, Cimbalnik J, Garcia-Salinas JS, Brazdil M, Worrell GA. High frequency oscillations in human memory and cognition: a neurophysiological substrate of engrams? Brain 2024; 147:2966-2982. [PMID: 38743818 PMCID: PMC11370809 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the cellular and molecular processes underlying memory and cognition, and recent successful modulation of cognitive performance in brain disorders, the neurophysiological mechanisms remain underexplored. High frequency oscillations beyond the classic electroencephalogram spectrum have emerged as a potential neural correlate of fundamental cognitive processes. High frequency oscillations are detected in the human mesial temporal lobe and neocortical intracranial recordings spanning gamma/epsilon (60-150 Hz), ripple (80-250 Hz) and higher frequency ranges. Separate from other non-oscillatory activities, these brief electrophysiological oscillations of distinct duration, frequency and amplitude are thought to be generated by coordinated spiking of neuronal ensembles within volumes as small as a single cortical column. Although the exact origins, mechanisms and physiological roles in health and disease remain elusive, they have been associated with human memory consolidation and cognitive processing. Recent studies suggest their involvement in encoding and recall of episodic memory with a possible role in the formation and reactivation of memory traces. High frequency oscillations are detected during encoding, throughout maintenance, and right before recall of remembered items, meeting a basic definition for an engram activity. The temporal coordination of high frequency oscillations reactivated across cortical and subcortical neural networks is ideally suited for integrating multimodal memory representations, which can be replayed and consolidated during states of wakefulness and sleep. High frequency oscillations have been shown to reflect coordinated bursts of neuronal assembly firing and offer a promising substrate for tracking and modulation of the hypothetical electrophysiological engram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal T Kucewicz
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology laboratory, Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering & Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jan Cimbalnik
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology laboratory, Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno & International Clinical Research Center, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Brno Epilepsy Center, 1th Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jesus S Garcia-Salinas
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology laboratory, Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Milan Brazdil
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology laboratory, Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
- Brno Epilepsy Center, 1th Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology laboratory, Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering & Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Khamechian MB, Daliri MR, Treue S, Esghaei M. Coupled oscillations orchestrate selective information transmission in visual cortex. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae288. [PMID: 39161729 PMCID: PMC11331424 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Performing visually guided behavior involves flexible routing of sensory information towards associative areas. We hypothesize that in visual cortical areas, this routing is shaped by a gating influence of the local neuronal population on the activity of the same population's single neurons. We analyzed beta frequencies (representing local population activity), high-gamma frequencies (representative of the activity of local clusters of neurons), and the firing of single neurons in the medial temporal (MT) area of behaving rhesus monkeys. Our results show an influence of beta activity on single neurons, predictive of behavioral performance. Similarly, the temporal dependence of high-gamma on beta predicts behavioral performance. These demonstrate a unidirectional influence of network-level neural dynamics on single-neuron activity, preferentially routing relevant information. This demonstration of a local top-down influence unveils a previously unexplored perspective onto a core feature of cortical information processing: the selective transmission of sensory information to downstream areas based on behavioral relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Khamechian
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Dardasht St., District 8, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Opposite the ARAJ, Artesh Highway, Aghdassieh, Tehran 1956836613, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Dardasht St., District 8, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Opposite the ARAJ, Artesh Highway, Aghdassieh, Tehran 1956836613, Iran
| | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Gottingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Gottingen, Wilhelm-Weber-Str. 2, Gottingen 37073, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Moein Esghaei
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Opposite the ARAJ, Artesh Highway, Aghdassieh, Tehran 1956836613, Iran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Gottingen 37077, Germany
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Li H, Hu D, Tanigawa H, Takahata T. Topographic organization across foveal visual areas in macaques. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1389067. [PMID: 38741760 PMCID: PMC11089224 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1389067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While the fovea on the retina covers only a small region of the visual field, a significant portion of the visual cortex is dedicated to processing information from the fovea being a critical center for object recognition, motion control, and visually guided attention. Despite its importance, prior functional imaging studies in awake monkeys often focused on the parafoveal visual field, potentially leading to inaccuracies in understanding the brain structure underlying function. Methods In this study, our aim is to unveil the neuronal connectivity and topography in the foveal visual cortex in comparison to the parafoveal visual cortex. Using four different types of retrograde tracers, we selectively injected them into the striate cortex (V1) or V4, encompassing the regions between the fovea and parafovea. Results V1 and V4 exhibited intense mutual connectivity in the foveal visual field, in contrast to the parafoveal visual field, possibly due to the absence of V3 in the foveal visual field. While previous live brain imaging studies failed to reveal retinotopy in the foveal visual fields, our results indicate that the foveal visual fields have continuous topographic connectivity across V1 through V4, as well as the parafoveal visual fields. Although a simple extension of the retinotopic isoeccentricity maps from V1 to V4 has been suggested from previous fMRI studies, our study demonstrated that V3 and V4 possess gradually smaller topographic maps compared to V1 and V2. Feedback projections to foveal V1 primarily originate from the infragranular layers of foveal V2 and V4, while feedforward projections to foveal V4 arise from both supragranular and infragranular layers of foveal V1 and V2, consistent with previous findings in the parafoveal visual fields. Discussion This study provides valuable insights into the connectivity of the foveal visual cortex, which was ambiguous in previous imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danling Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hisashi Tanigawa
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Toru Takahata
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wu W. We know what attention is! Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:304-318. [PMID: 38103983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Attention is one of the most thoroughly investigated psychological phenomena, yet skepticism about attention is widespread: we do not know what it is, it is too many things, there is no such thing. The deficiencies highlighted are not about experimental work but the adequacy of the scientific theory of attention. Combining common scientific claims about attention into a single theory leads to internal inconsistency. This paper demonstrates that a specific functional conception of attention is incorporated into the tasks used in standard experimental paradigms. In accepting these paradigms as valid probes of attention, we commit to this common conception. The conception unifies work at multiple levels of analysis into a coherent scientific explanation of attention. Thus, we all know what attention is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Wu
- Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Philosophy and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Doostmohammadi J, Gieselmann MA, van Kempen J, Lashgari R, Yoonessi A, Thiele A. Ripples in macaque V1 and V4 are modulated by top-down visual attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210698120. [PMID: 36696442 PMCID: PMC9945997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are highly synchronous neuronal activity events. They have been predominantly observed in the hippocampus during offline states such as pause in exploration, slow-wave sleep, and quiescent wakefulness. SWRs have been linked to memory consolidation, spatial navigation, and spatial decision-making. Recently, SWRs have been reported during visual search, a form of remote spatial exploration, in macaque hippocampus. However, the association between SWRs and multiple forms of awake conscious and goal-directed behavior is unknown. We report that ripple activity occurs in macaque visual areas V1 and V4 during focused spatial attention. The occurrence of ripples is modulated by stimulus characteristics, increased by attention toward the receptive field, and by the size of the attentional focus. During attention cued to the receptive field, the monkey's reaction time in detecting behaviorally relevant events was reduced by ripples. These results show that ripple activity is not limited to hippocampal activity during offline states, rather they occur in the neocortex during active attentive states and vigilance behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Doostmohammadi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran13, Iran
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM, Tehran13, Iran
| | - Marc Alwin Gieselmann
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jochem van Kempen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Lashgari
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran13, Iran
| | - Ali Yoonessi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran13, Iran
| | - Alexander Thiele
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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