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Biscarini F, Barateau L, Pizza F, Plazzi G, Dauvilliers Y. Narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep. J Sleep Res 2024:e14277. [PMID: 38955433 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the first description of narcolepsy at the end of the 19th Century, great progress has been made. The disease is nowadays distinguished as narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. In the 1960s, the discovery of rapid eye movement sleep at sleep onset led to improved understanding of core sleep-related disease symptoms of the disease (excessive daytime sleepiness with early occurrence of rapid eye movement sleep, sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, rapid eye movement parasomnia), as possible dysregulation of rapid eye movement sleep, and cataplexy resembling an intrusion of rapid eye movement atonia during wake. The relevance of non-sleep-related symptoms, such as obesity, precocious puberty, psychiatric and cardiovascular morbidities, has subsequently been recognized. The diagnostic tools have been improved, but sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods on polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test remain key criteria. The pathogenic mechanisms of narcolepsy type 1 have been partly elucidated after the discovery of strong HLA class II association and orexin/hypocretin deficiency, a neurotransmitter that is involved in altered rapid eye movement sleep regulation. Conversely, the causes of narcolepsy type 2, where cataplexy and orexin deficiency are absent, remain unknown. Symptomatic medications to treat patients with narcolepsy have been developed, and management has been codified with guidelines, until the recent promising orexin-receptor agonists. The present review retraces the steps of the research on narcolepsy that linked the features of the disease with rapid eye movement sleep abnormality, and those that do not appear associated with rapid eye movement sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Biscarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucie Barateau
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Shiromani PJ, Vidal-Ortiz A. Most dynorphin neurons in the zona incerta-perifornical area are active in waking relative to non-rapid-eye movement and rapid-eye movement sleep. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae065. [PMID: 38447008 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynorphin is an endogenous opiate localized in many brain regions and spinal cord, but the activity of dynorphin neurons during sleep is unknown. Dynorphin is an inhibitory neuropeptide that is coreleased with orexin, an excitatory neuropeptide. We used microendoscopy to test the hypothesis that, like orexin, the dynorphin neurons are wake-active. Dynorphin-cre mice (n = 3) were administered rAAV8-Ef1a-Con/Foff 2.0-GCaMP6M into the zona incerta-perifornical area, implanted with a GRIN lens (gradient reflective index), and electrodes to the skull that recorded sleep. One month later, a miniscope imaged calcium fluorescence in dynorphin neurons during multiple bouts of wake, non-rapid-eye movement (NREM), and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. Unbiased data analysis identified changes in calcium fluorescence in 64 dynorphin neurons. Most of the dynorphin neurons (72%) had the highest fluorescence during bouts of active and quiet waking compared to NREM or REM sleep; a subset (20%) were REM-max. Our results are consistent with the emerging evidence that the activity of orexin neurons can be classified as wake-max or REM-max. Since the two neuropeptides are coexpressed and coreleased, we suggest that dynorphin-cre-driven calcium sensors could increase understanding of the role of this endogenous opiate in pain and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aurelio Vidal-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System Charleston, SC, USA
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Huan R, Zhang J, Yue J, Yang S, Han G, Cheng Y, Tan Y. Orexin-A mediates glioblastoma proliferation inhibition by increasing ferroptosis triggered by unstable iron pools and GPX4 depletion. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18318. [PMID: 38685674 PMCID: PMC11058333 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a prevalent form of primary malignant tumours in the central nervous system, but the options for effective treatment are extremely limited. Ferroptosis, as the most enriched programmed cell death process in glioma, makes a critical difference in glioma progression. Consequently, inducing ferroptosis has become an appealing strategy for tackling gliomas. Through the utilization of multi-omics sequencing data analysis, flow cytometry, MDA detection and transmission electron microscopy, the impact of orexin-A on ferroptosis in GBM was assessed. In this report, we provide the first evidence that orexin-A exerts inhibitory effects on GBM proliferation via the induction of ferroptosis. This induction is achieved by instigating an unsustainable increase in iron levels and depletion of GPX4. Moreover, the regulation of TFRC, FTH1 and GPX4 expression through the targeting of NFE2L2 appears to be one of the potential mechanisms underlying orexin-A-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengzheng Huan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Jianhe Yue
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of biomedical sciencesMedical College of Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of NeurosurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
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Wang X, Chen Y, Dong J, Ge J, Liu X, Liu J. Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1482. [PMID: 38338760 PMCID: PMC10855331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease. Although there are some FAD-approved medicines for controlling smoking, the relapse rate remains very high. Among the factors that could induce nicotine relapse, stress might be the most important one. In the last decades, preclinical studies have generated many new findings that lead to a better understanding of stress-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking. Several molecules such as α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α2-adrenergic receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1, trace amine-associated receptor 1, and neuropeptide systems (corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptors, dynorphine and kappa opioid receptor) have been linked to stress-induced nicotine relapse. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the neurobiology, treatment targets, and potential therapeutics of stress-induced nicotine relapse. We also discuss some factors that may influence stress-induced nicotine relapse and that should be considered in future studies. In the final section, a perspective on some research directions is provided. Further investigation on the neurobiology of stress-induced nicotine relapse will shed light on the development of new medicines for controlling smoking and will help us understand the interactions between the stress and reward systems in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Advanced Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China (Y.C.); (J.D.)
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Strauss M, Griffon L, Elbaz M, Arnulf I, Chennaoui M, Léger D. Altered reinforcement learning in Narcolepsy type I and other central disorders of hypersomnolence. Sleep Med 2024; 113:103-110. [PMID: 37995471 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are described in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH), but studies remain very limited and largely focused on narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). The precise nature and origin of these cognitive impairments is poorly understood. Specifically, impaired decision making under ambiguity has been reported in NT1 and suggested to be caused by dysregulation of the direct projections of hypocretin neurons to the dopamine network. However, the decision-making tasks used previously embed different cognitive functions that are difficult to isolate. This study aims to test reinforcement learning in participants with NT1 and with other (non-hypocretin deficient) CDH in a task known to directly depend on the dopamine system. Participants with NT1 (N = 27), other CDH (N = 34, including narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia, matched with NT1 participants for sleepiness severity), and healthy participants (N = 34) took part in the study. Results showed that all groups had normal and similar positive reinforcement learning, a pattern not suggestive of dopamine deficiency. However, both participants with NT1 and other CDH had decreased learning abilities to avoid losses. This decreased negative reinforcement learning in participants with CDH was associated with the alteration of vigilance. This study provides new insights into the nature of decision making impairment in people with CDH and suggests that these alterations could be minimized by restoring adequate vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Strauss
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM ERC 7330, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, 75006, Paris, France; APHP Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004, Paris, France; Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF) at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), CUB Hôpital Érasme, Service de Neurologie, Psychiatrie et Laboratoire du sommeil, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Lucie Griffon
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM ERC 7330, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, 75006, Paris, France; APHP Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004, Paris, France; Unité de Ventilation Non-invasive et du sommeil de l'enfant, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Elbaz
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM ERC 7330, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, 75006, Paris, France; APHP Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Narcolepsies and Rare Hypersomnias, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM ERC 7330, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, 75006, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité Fatigue et vigilance, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Damien Léger
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM ERC 7330, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, 75006, Paris, France; APHP Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004, Paris, France
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