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Salewski A, Menke KH. Eine Methode zur halbautomatischen Bestimmung von 2-Methylmalonsäure im Harn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1971.tb01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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WOOD HG, KELLERMEYER RW, STJERNHOLM R, ALLEN SH. METABOLISM OF METHYLMALONYL-CoA AND THE ROLE OF BIOTIN AND B12 COENZYMES*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 112:660-79. [PMID: 14167300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb45043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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PHARES EF, LONG MV, CARSON SF. NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE ION MASS ANALYSIS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE METHYLMALONYL ISOMERASE REACTION. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 112:680-3. [PMID: 14167301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb45044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moss J, Lane MD. The biotin-dependent enzymes. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 35:321-442. [PMID: 4150153 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122808.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Rogosa, M. (National Institute of Dental Research, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.), and Ferial S. Bishop. The genus Veillonella. II. Nutritional studies. J. Bacteriol. 87:574-580. 1964.-A medium is described for the study of the vitamin, hypoxanthine, putrescine, or cadaverine requirements of 86 Veillonella isolates from man, rabbit, rat, and hamster. No organism required riboflavine or folic acid for growth. Niacin and calcium pantothenate were often stimulatory, but in nearly all cases were dispensable. Biotin and p-aminobenzoic acid were frequently stimulatory and sometimes indispensable for continued growth. V. parvula (antigenic group VI) required pyridoxal and thiamine and did not require putrescine or cadaverine. V. alcalescens (antigenic group IV) required pyridoxal, generally required thiamine, and also required putrescine or cadaverine. Of the isolates, 25 from the rat and 3 from the hamster (antigenic group II) generally behaved like V. parvula, except that a putrescine or cadaverine requirement was often observed. Spermine, spermidine, and agmatine could not replace putrescine or cadaverine. Although succinate is metabolized by resting cells, the organisms could not grow with succinate as an energy source.
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ALLEN SH, KELLERMEYER RW, STJERNHOLM RL, WOOD HG. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE PROPIONIC ACID FERMENTATION. J Bacteriol 1996; 87:171-87. [PMID: 14102852 PMCID: PMC276977 DOI: 10.1128/jb.87.1.171-187.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allen, S. H. G. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio), R. W. Kellermeyer, R. L. Stjernholm, and Harland G. Wood. Purification and properties of enzymes involved in the propionic acid fermentation. J. Bacteriol. 87:171-187. 1964.-Chromatographic procedures are described for the separation and purification of phosphotransacetylase, acetyl kinase, malic dehydrogenase and coenzyme A (CoA) transferase. Purity of the enzymes was judged by homogeneity in an ultracentrifuge and by specific activity. Phosphotransacetylase was obtained 85% pure with a specific activity of 27.1. The preparation of acetyl kinase was a homogeneous protein with a specific activity of 531. The malic dehydrogenase likewise was homogeneous with a specific activity of 938. The CoA transferase, which was about 56% pure with a specific activity of 42.6, is the purest preparation of this enzyme yet described. The pH optimum was 6.5 to 7.8, and the K(m) for succinyl-CoA in the transfer of CoA to acetate was found to be 1.3 x 10(-4)m; for acetate, in the same transfer, the K(m) was 7.0 x 10(-3)m; for succinyl-CoA to propionate it was 6.8 x 10(-5)m, and for propionate, in the same reaction, 6.2 x 10(-4)m. Methods are described for the enzymatic production of methyl-malonyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and succinyl-CoA. The role of these enzymes in the propionic acid fermentation as well as the possible mechanism responsible for the high yields of adenosine triphosphate from glucose are considered.
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Matthies C, Schink B. Fermentative degradation of glutarate via decarboxylation by newly isolated strictly anaerobic bacteria. Arch Microbiol 1992; 157:290-6. [PMID: 1510562 DOI: 10.1007/bf00245164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of new strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria were enriched and isolated from a freshwater (strain WoG13) and a saltwater (strain CuG11) anoxic sediment with glutarate as sole energy source. Strain WoG13 formed spores whereas strain CuG11 did not. Both strains were rod-shaped, motile bacteria growing in carbonate-buffered, sulfide-reduced mineral medium supplemented with 2% of rumen fluid. Both strains fermented glutarate to butyrate, isobutyrate, CO2, and small amounts of acetate. With methylsuccinate, the same products were formed, and succinate was fermented to propionate and CO2. No sugars, amino acids or other organic acids were used as substrates. Molar growth yields (Ys) were very small (0.5-0.9 g cell dry mass/mol dicarboxylate). Cells of strain WoG13 contained no cytochromes, and the DNA base ratio was 49.0 +/- 1.4 mol% guanine-plus-cytosine. Enzyme activities involved in glutarate degradation could be demonstrated in cell-free extracts of strain WoG13. A pathway of glutarate fermentation via decarboxylation of glutaconyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA is suggested which forms butyrate and partly isobutyrate by subsequent isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matthies
- Lehrstuhl Mikrobiologie I, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Shepherd RE, Songsheng Z, Dowd P, Choi G, Wilk B, Soo-Chang C. One-electron reduction potentials of coenzyme B12 and alkylcobalamins. Inorganica Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)80308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A model for the enzyme-catalyzed, coenzyme B12-dependent interconversion of β-methylaspartate with glutamate. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fischli A. Electrofugal Fragmentation of Alkylcobalamin Derivatives Using Cob(I)Alamin and Heptamethyl Cob (I)yrinate as Catalysts. Helv Chim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19820650406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schroff G, Zebe E. The anaerobic formation of propionic acid in the mitochondria of the lugwormArenicola marina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00688733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Babior BM, Krouwer JS. The mechanism of adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 6:35-102. [PMID: 222536 DOI: 10.3109/10409237909105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schrauzer GN. Neuere Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des Vitamins B12: Von einfachen Corrinen und von Coenzym B12 abhängige Enzymreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19770890407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Two pathways are involved in the fermentation of glutamate to acetate, butyrate, carbon dioxide, and ammonia-the methylaspartate and the hydroxyglutarate pathways which are used by Clostridium tetanomorphum and Peptococcus aerogenes, respectively. Although these pathways give rise to the same products, they are easily distinguished by different labeling patterns of the butyrate when [4-(14)C]glutamate is used as substrate. Schmidt degradation of the radioactive butyrate from C. tetanomorphum yielded equally labeled propionate and carbon dioxide, whereas nearly all the radioactivity of the butyrate from P. aerogenes was recovered in the corresponding propionate. This procedure was used as a test for the pathway of glutamate fermentation by 15 strains (9 species) of anaerobic bacteria. The labeling patterns of the butyrate indicate that glutamate is fermented via the methylaspartate pathway by C. tetani, C. cochlearium, and C. saccarobutyricum, and via the hydroxyglutarate pathway by Acidaminococcus fermentans, C. microsporum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and F. fusiformis. Enzymes specific for each pathway were assayed in crude extracts of the above organisms. 3-Methylaspartase was found only in clostridia which use the methylaspartate pathway, including Clostridium SB4 and C. sticklandii, which probably degrade glutamate to acetate and carbon dioxide by using a second amino acid as hydrogen acceptor. High levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase were found exclusively in organisms that use the hydroxyglutarate pathway. The data indicate that only two pathways are involved in the fermentation of glutamate by the bacteria analyzed. The methylaspartate pathway appears to be used only by species of Clostridium, whereas the hydroxyglutarate pathway is used by representatives of several genera.
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Schrauzer GN. Mechanisms of corrin dependent enzymatic reactions. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1974; 31:583-628. [PMID: 4609867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7094-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dowd P, Nakagawa CS. On the mechanism of action of vitamin B 12 . Model studies. Thermal rearrangement of methyl 3,3-dimethylglycidate to methyl levulinate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:1173-5. [PMID: 4504332 PMCID: PMC426656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.5.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that methyl 3,3-dimethylglycidate rearranges to methyl levulinate on heating is discussed in terms of its possible consequences for the mechanism of action of the coenzyme B(12)-dependent enzymes: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2), glutamate mutase (EC 5.4.99.1), and a-methyleneglutarate mutase. It is also suggested that the proposed mechanism may provide a unifying link between the mechanism of action of the above enzymes and that of the coenzyme B(12)-dependent dioldehydrase and related enzymes.
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Berezovskii VM, Eremenko TV. Chemistry of the coenzyme of vitamin B12. Pharm Chem J 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00766017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Further Studies on the Properties of Liver Propionyl Coenzyme A Holocarboxylase Synthetase and the Specificity of Holocarboxylase Formation. J Biol Chem 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)96542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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The Cobamide Coenzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9710-4.50011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Carboxylases and the Role of Biotin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9710-4.50012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Lane MD, Young DL, Lynen F. The Enzymatic Synthesis of Holotranscarboxylase from Apotranscarboxylase and (+)-Biotin. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Allen S, Kellermeyer R, Stjernholm R, Jacobson B, Wood HG. The Isolation, Purification, and Properties of Methylmalonyl Racemase. J Biol Chem 1963. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)81114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Urinary methylmalonate excretion is increased in rats with an insufficiency of vitamin B(12). Excretion of methylmalonate is not affected by folic acid, vitamin E, or selenium, but is markedly decreased by small amounts of vitamin B(12) added to the diet.
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KAUSS H, KANDLER O. [Carbon dioxide assimilation by Ochromonas malhamensis in thiamine and biotin deficiency. II. Photosynthesis]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1963; 44:406-20. [PMID: 14031440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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LAFFERTY RM. [Carbon dioxide fixation by organotropic bacteria]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1963; 44:373-405. [PMID: 13928016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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Kauss H, Kandler O. Die Kohlens�ureassimilation von Ochromonas malhamensis bei Thiamin- und Biotinmangel. Arch Microbiol 1963. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00509008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ayers WA. THE INFLUENCE OF COBAMIDES ON THE ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS RESPIRATION OF A MARINE BACTERIUM. Can J Microbiol 1962. [DOI: 10.1139/m62-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, isoleucine, and valine as well as the endogenous respiration of a B12-dencient marine bacterium was stimulated by the addition of vitamin B12to washed cell suspensions. The B12analog, 2-methyladenylcobamide cyanide, also stimulated endogenous respiration, but cobinamide was inactive. During autorespiration ammonia was continuously evolved by the cells indicating the presence of a nitrogenous endogenous substrate. When vitamin B12was supplied to the cells, the ammonia evolved was decreased, while the rate of oxygen uptake was increased. The possible involvement of cobamide coenzymes is discussed in relation to these findings.
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YOUSTEN AA, DELWICHE EA. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE BACTERIAL DECARBOXYLATION OF SUCCINIC ACID. Can J Microbiol 1961; 7:889-93. [PMID: 14009402 DOI: 10.1139/m61-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The succinic decarboxylase system of Veillonella alcalescens loses activity when aged at 2 °C for a few days. Evolution of CO2 by aged extracts of this organism was greatly stimulated by boiled cell-free extracts of Propionibacterium pentosaceum. These boiled extracts could not be replaced by coenzyme A (CoA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), magnesium ions, biotin, or dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide coenzyme (DBC).
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Siu PM, Wood HG, Stjernholm RL. Fixation of CO2 by Phosphoenolpyruvic Carboxytransphosphorylase. J Biol Chem 1961. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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