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Abstract
My Ph.D. thesis in the laboratory of Severo Ochoa at New York University School of Medicine in 1962 included the determination of the nucleotide compositions of codons specifying amino acids. The experiments were based on the use of random copolyribonucleotides (synthesized by polynucleotide phosphorylase) as messenger RNA in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. At Yale University, where I joined the faculty, my co-workers and I first studied the mechanisms of protein synthesis. Thereafter, we explored the interferons (IFNs), which were discovered as antiviral defense agents but were revealed to be components of a highly complex multifunctional system. We isolated pure IFNs and characterized IFN-activated genes, the proteins they encode, and their functions. We concentrated on a cluster of IFN-activated genes, the p200 cluster, which arose by repeated gene duplications and which encodes a large family of highly multifunctional proteins. For example, the murine protein p204 can be activated in numerous tissues by distinct transcription factors. It modulates cell proliferation and the differentiation of a variety of tissues by binding to many proteins. p204 also inhibits the activities of wild-type Ras proteins and Ras oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lengyel
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Jonák J. Bacterial elongation factors EF-Tu, their mutants, chimeric forms, and domains: isolation and purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 849:141-53. [PMID: 17197255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic elongation factors EF-Tu form a family of homologous, three-domain molecular switches catalyzing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes during the process of mRNA translation. They are GTP-binding proteins, or GTPases. Binding of GTP or GDP regulates their conformation and thus their activity. Because of their particular structure and regulation, various activities (also outside of the translation system) and a relative abundance they represent attractive tools for studies of many basic but still not fully understood mechanisms both of the translation process, the structure-function relationships in EF-Tu molecules themselves and proteins and energy transduction mechanisms in general. The review critically summarizes procedures for the isolation and purification of native and engineered eubacterial elongation factors EF-Tu and their mutants on a large as well as small scale. Current protocols for the purification of both native and polyHis-tagged or glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged EF-Tu proteins and their variants using conventional procedures and the Ni-NTA-Agarose or Glutathione Sepharose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jonák
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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3
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Faulhammer HG, Joshi RL. Structural features in aminoacyl-tRNAs required for recognition by elongation factor Tu. FEBS Lett 1987; 217:203-11. [PMID: 3297780 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In bacterial polypeptide synthesis aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) bound to elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP is part of a crucial intermediate ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the decoding of messenger RNA. The conformation and topology as well as the affinity of the macromolecules in this ternary aa-tRNA X EF-Tu X GTP complex are of fundamental importance for the nature of the interaction of the complex with the ribosome. The structural elements of aa-tRNA required for interaction with EF-Tu and GTP and the resulting functional implications are presented here.
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4
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Jonák J, Pokorná K, Meloun B, Karas K. Structural homology between elongation factors EF-Tu from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli in the binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 154:355-62. [PMID: 3510872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Elongation factor EF-Tu (Mr approximately equal to 50 000) and elongation factor EF-G (Mr approximately equal to 78 000) were isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus in a homogeneous form. The ability of EF-Tu to participate in protein synthesis is rapidly inactivated by N-tosyl-L-phenyl-alanylchloromethane (Tos-PheCH2Cl). EF-Tu X GTP is more susceptible to the inhibition by Tos-PheCH2Cl than is EF-Tu X GDP. Tos-PheCH2Cl forms a covalent equimolar complex with the factor by reacting with a cysteine residue in its molecule. The labelling of EF-Tu by the reagent irreversibly destroys its ability to bind aminoacyl-tRNA, which in turn protects the protein from this inactivation. This indicates that the modification of EF-Tu by Tos-PheCH2Cl occurs at the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site of the protein. To identify and characterize the site of aminoacyl-tRNA binding in EF-Tu, the factor was labelled with [14C]Tos-PheCH2Cl, digested with trypsin, the resulting peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequence of the radioactive peptide was determined. The peptide has identical structure with an Escherichia coli EF-Tu tryptic peptide comprising the residues 75-89 and the Tos-PheCH2Cl-reactive cysteine at position 81 [Jonák, J., Petersen, T. E., Clark, B. F. C. and Rychlík, I. (1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 485-488]. Experiments on photo-oxidation of EF-Tu by visible light in the presence of rose bengal dye showed that there are apparently two histidine residues in elongation factor Tu from B. stearothermophilus which are essential for the interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA. This is clearly reminiscent of a similar situation in E. coli EF-Tu [Jonák, J., Petersen, T. E., Meloun, B. and Rychlík, I. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 144, 295-303]. Our results provide further evidence for the conserved nature of the site of aminoacyl-tRNA binding in elongation factor EF-Tu and show that Tos-PheCH2Cl reagent might be a favourable tool for the identification of the site in the structure of prokaryotic EF-Tus.
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Kao T, Miller DL, Abo M, Ofengand J. Formation and properties of a covalent complex between elongation factor Tu and Phe-tRNA bearing a photoaffinity probe on its 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine residue. J Mol Biol 1983; 166:383-405. [PMID: 6190001 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Phe-tRNA, modified with the photoaffinity reagent 6-(2-nitro-4-azidophenylamino)caproate on the 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine residue, was crosslinked to E. coli EFTu Section upon irradiation at 0 degree C with visible light at wavelengths greater than 400 nm. Crosslinking was dependent on irradiation, the photoaffinity probe, and was blocked by pre-photolysis. 1 mM-dithiothreitol completely quenched crosslinking. Binding of the tRNA to EFTu was a prerequisite for crosslinking, because neither EFTu . GDP nor AcPhe-tRNA could substitute; EFTu . GDPCP, however, was almost as active as EFTu . GTP. Crosslinking was complete in less than five minutes and was stable to at least 20 minutes of irradiation with a single 650 W tungsten lamp 4 cm away. The crosslinking yield ranged from 15% to 25%. The crosslinked complex possessed several remarkable properties. At 0.5 mM-Mg2+, the complex protected the AA-tRNA link to chemical hydrolysis, stabilized the bound GTP to dissociation or exchange, and was not adsorbed to cellulose nitrate filters. The purified crosslinked complex could be bound to ribosomes with concomitant hydrolysis of GTP. Extensive peptide bond formation with AcPhe-tRNA in the P site occurred despite the presence of the crosslinked EFTu. We conclude that hydrolysis of GTP is sufficient to release the 3' end of the Phe-tRNA from complexation with EFTu. Translocation of the A site bound complex did not occur. The crosslink site on EFTu is probably near the periphery of the molecule, because shortening the probe from 20 A to 14 A completely blocked crosslinking. A similar but shorter 8 A probe, p-azidophenacyl-4-thiouridine located on the opposite face of the tRNA, did not crosslink.
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Pingoud A, Block W, Wittinghofer A, Wolf H, Fischer E. The elongation factor Tu binds aminoacyl-tRNA in the presence of GDP. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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7
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the rabbit strain Basilea was previously shown to contain two distinct populations of molecules one with light chain belonging to the known lambda isotype and the others to a new kappa-like L chain type. Alloantisera prepared against the Basilea IgG are directed against the kappa-like light chain (anti-bas antisera). All Basilea rabbits express kappa-like chains recognized by anti-bas sera, but IgG from other domestic rabbits did not react with these antisera. Genetic studies of wild rabbits belonging to different populations show that the bas+ phenotype could be found in heterozygous rabbits as well as those homozygous at the b locus. The gene encoding the bas+ light chain is closely linked to the b locus. Moreover, antigenic determinants recognized by anti-bas antibodies and antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies directed against allotypic determinants of the b series are located on distinct IgG molecules. These results show that there are two rabbit kappa isotypes: the kappa 1 isotype, bearing allotypic determinants of the b series, and the kappa 2 isotype, for which bas+ chain is one of the allotypic forms. The kappa 1 and kappa 2 isotypes are controlled by closely linked genes.
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Jonák J, Rychlík I, Smrt J, Holý A. The binding site for the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA in the molecule of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett 1979; 98:329-32. [PMID: 369886 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Garcia-Patrone M. Polypeptide synthesis inhibition by a factor inducing stabilization of 30 S-50 S ribosomal couples. FEBS Lett 1978; 92:263-7. [PMID: 250480 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Bermek E. Mechanisms in polypeptide chain elongation on ribosomes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1978; 21:63-100. [PMID: 358280 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Hopfield JJ, Yamane T, Yue V, Coutts SM. Direct experimental evidence for kinetic proofreading in amino acylation of tRNAIle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:1164-8. [PMID: 1063397 PMCID: PMC430221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic proofreading is a reaction scheme with a structure more complicated than that of Michaelis kinetics, which leads to a proofreading for errors in the recognition of a correct substrate by an enzyme. We have measured the stoichiometry between ATP hydrolysis and tRNAIle charging, using the enzyme isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase [L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.5] and the amino acids isoleucine (correct) and valine (incorrect). The enzymatic deacylation of charged tRNA, which would normally prevent meaningful stoichiometry studies, was eliminated by the use of transfer factor Tu-GTP, (which binds strongly to charged tRNA) in the reaction mixture. For isoleucine, 1.5 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed per tRNA charged, but for valine, 270. These stoichiometry ratios are fundamental to kinetic proofreading, for the energy coupling is essential and proofreading is obtained only by departing from 1:1 stoichiometry between energy coupling and product formation. Within the known reaction pathway, these ratios demonstrate that kinetic proofreading induces a reduction in errors by a factor of 1/180. An overall error rate of about 10(-4) for tRNA charging is obtained by a kinetic proofreading using a fundamental discrimination level of about 10(-2), and is compatible with the low in vivo error rate of protein synthesis.
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13
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Ringer D, Chládek S. Interaction of elongation factor Tu with 2'(3')-O-aminoacyloligonucleotides derived from the 3' terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:2950-4. [PMID: 1059085 PMCID: PMC432896 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between Escherichia coli elongation factor-Tu-GTP complex and chemically synthesized 2'(3')-O-aminoacyldinucleoside phosphates with the nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) has been studied. It was found that C-A-Phe, C-A-Pro, and C-A-Asp interact with EF-Tu-GTP, causing the release of GTP bound to the enzyme. The specificity of this interaction closely resembles that of AA-tRNA since C-A and C-A(Ac-Phe) as well as the corresponding tRNAs are inactive. The 3'-O-aminoacyl derivative C-2'-dA-Phe does not interact with EF-Tu-GTP, whereas the 2'-O-aminoacyl derivative C-3'-dA-Phe is almost as active as the 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl derivative, C-A-Phe. C-A-Phe also interacts with the EF-Tu-GDP complex in a manner similar to its interaction with EF-Tu-GTP. It is concluded that interaction of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyloligonucleotides possessing the sequence of the 3' terminus of AA-tRNA is analogous to the interaction of that terminus with EF-Tu and it is suggested that EF-Tu is specific for 2'-O-AA-tRNA.
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14
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Kawakami M, Tanada S, Takemura S. Properties of alanyl-oligonucleotide, puromycin, and Staphylococcus epidermidis glycyl-tRNA in interaction with elongation factor Tu:GTP complex. FEBS Lett 1975; 51:321-4. [PMID: 1168152 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Schulman LH, Pelka H, Sundari RM. Structural Requirements for Recognition of Escherichia coli Initiator and Non-Initiator Transfer Ribonucleic Acids by Bacterial T Factor. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Arai KI, Kawakita M, Kaziro Y, Maeda T, Ohnishi SI. Conformational Transition in Polypeptide Elongation Factor Tu as Revealed by Electron Spin Resonance. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Lucas-Lenard J, Beres L. 2. Protein Synthesis—Peptide Chain Elongation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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18
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Lengyel P, Gupta SL, Sopori ML, Waterson J, Weissman S. On the movement of the ribosome along the messenger ribonucleic acid and on apparent changes in ribosome conformation during protein synthesis. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 1:287-99. [PMID: 4589682 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0877-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Heredia CF, Toraño A, Ayuso MS, Sandoval A, San José C. Polymerization factors in yeast. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 1:429-43. [PMID: 4773155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0877-5_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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21
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Hamel E, Nakamoto T. Studies on the Role of an Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomal Component in Polypeptide Chain Elongation. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Arai KI, Kawakita M, Kaziro Y. Studies on Polypeptide Elongation Factors from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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Aharonowitz Y, Ron EZ. A temperature sensitive mutant in Bacillus subtilis with an altered elongation factor G. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 119:131-8. [PMID: 4629789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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25
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Studies on the Role of Guanosine Triphosphate in Polypeptide Chain Initiation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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27
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Gordon J, Baron LS, Schweiger M. Chromosomal localization of the structural genes of the polypeptide chain elongation factors. J Bacteriol 1972; 110:306-12. [PMID: 4552995 PMCID: PMC247412 DOI: 10.1128/jb.110.1.306-312.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A survey of the polypeptide chain elongation factors in potentially sexually compatible genera was carried out. Factors from Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were found to be clearly distinguishable by immunochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Mapping of the structural genes of these factors was undertaken by a study of the gene products in genetically defined E. coli-P. mirabilis hybrid diploid strains. It was found that the EF G factor mapped within 5 min of the streptomycin resistance locus, but the EF Ts factor did not map in this region.
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29
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Hamel E, Koka M, Nakamoto T. Requirement of an Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomal Protein Component for Effective Interaction of the Ribosome with T and G Factors and with Guanosine Triphosphate. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Krauskopf M, Chen CM, Ofengand J. Interaction of Fragmented and Cross-Linked Escherichia coli Valine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid with Tu Factor-Guanosine Triphosphate Complex. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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31
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Hradec J. Intermediate reactions in the binding of aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid to rat liver ribosomes. Formation and properties of an aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid-transferase I complex. Biochem J 1972; 126:923-31. [PMID: 5073243 PMCID: PMC1178500 DOI: 10.1042/bj1260923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. Transferase I of rat liver binds aminoacyl-tRNA to form a relatively stable complex, which is retained on cellulose nitrate filters. This reaction proceeds at both 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C and is inhibited by GTP. The resulting product is stabilized by GTP and Mg(2+). 2. Only very low quantities of deacylated tRNA are bound by transferase I. 3. Methods are described for the preparative isolation of the transferase I-aminoacyl-tRNA complex from incubation mixtures by using ion-exchange procedures. 4. The transferase I-aminoacyl-tRNA complex becomes readily bound to ribosomes. The presence of Mg(2+) is essential for the binding. GTP stimulates this reaction but is not absolutely required. 5. It is concluded that the formation of the transferase I-aminoacyl-tRNA complex may be the primary reaction in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to mammalian ribosomes and that, unlike in bacterial systems, GTP is not absolutely required for this step.
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Jonák J, Sedlácek J, Rychlík I. Tosylphenylalanyl chloromethane-inhibitor of complex of S(1)S(3)-factors in cell-free protein-synthetizing system from Bacillus stearothermophilus. FEBS Lett 1971; 18:6-8. [PMID: 11946069 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Jonák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, 6, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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33
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Thang MN, Springer M, Thang DC, Grunberg-Manago M. Recognition by T factor of a tRNA(phe)(yeast) molecule recombined from 3'and 5' halves; and its non messenger-dependent binding to ribosomes. FEBS Lett 1971; 17:221-225. [PMID: 11946033 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M N. Thang
- Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Ve, Paris, France
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Selective associations of hormonal steroids with aminoacyl transfer RNAs and control of protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:2448-52. [PMID: 4944626 PMCID: PMC389441 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.10.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormonal steroids progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone bind to aminoacyl-tRNA, but not to deacylated tRNA, implying that a change in conformation of tRNA occurs on aminoacylation. Binding is restricted to a few tRNA species and depends on the structure of both tRNA and steroid. There is one binding site per aminoacyl-tRNA molecule, the specificity of which appears to depend on a restricted, single-stranded loop sequence and on the tRNA conformation. By binding to an aminoacyl-tRNA, a steroid can control polypeptide synthesis in a model in vitro system by inhibiting chain elongation under conditions where aminoacyl-tRNA concentration is rate-limiting.
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Lockwood AH, Hattman S, Dubnoff JS, Maitra U. Formation and Properties of T Factor Complexes. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Shorey RL, Ravel JM, Shive W. Use of phenylalanyl-tRNA--Guanosine-5'-triphosphate--TIu complex in peptide bond formation. Nature 1970; 226:358-9. [PMID: 5439732 DOI: 10.1038/226358a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Marcus A. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid-dependent Amino Acid Incorporation in a Wheat Embryo System in Vitro. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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43
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Kaji H. Intraribosomal environment of the nascent peptide chain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 29:169-211. [PMID: 4928380 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Ciferri O, Parisi B. Ribosome specificity of protein synthesis in vitro. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970; 10:121-44. [PMID: 4910302 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Hydrolysis of Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Associated with Binding of Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid to Ribosomes. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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46
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Ravel JM, Shorey RL. Formation and properties of an aminoacyl-tRNA-GTP-protein complex. J Cell Physiol 1969; 74:Suppl 1:103+. [PMID: 4902815 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040740409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Formation and Properties of the Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid-Guanosine Triphosphate-Protein Complex. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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