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Huerta-Olalde AM, Hernández-García A, López-Gómez R, Fernández-Pavía SP, Zavala-Páramo MG, Salgado-Garciglia R. In vitro selection of blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus 'Tupy') plants resistant to Botrytis cinerea using gamma ray-irradiated shoot tips. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:165-171. [PMID: 35937526 PMCID: PMC9300433 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blackberry is an economically important crop in Mexico, and its yield is substantially reduced by gray mold, a disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. One of the means to obtain B. cinerea-resistant plants is gamma irradiation. Shoot tips of in vitro-micropropagated blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus 'Tupy') were irradiated with five doses of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 Gy) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine and 0.06 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (MSB medium). After 28 days of culture, survival was evaluated to determine mean lethal dose (LD50), and 200 shoots were further irradiated at the determined LD50 (30.8 Gy). After 28 days, the surviving shoots were micropropagated on MSB medium for 60 days. Non-irradiated shoots were screened for the in vitro selection of resistant B. cinerea, exposing them to different concentrations of sterile culture filtrate of B. cinerea (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g l-1) for 28 days to determine mean lethal concentration (LC50), and the irradiated surviving shoots were further exposed to the determined LC50 (4.6 g l-1). Three surviving lines (rfgum5, rfgum6, and rfgum17) that did not present changes compared with the control shoots were micropropagated to obtain plantlets, which were further subjected to in vitro resistance assays using detached leaves inoculated with B. cinerea (1×103 spores ml-1). Plants of rfgum5 and rfgum6 mutant lines were highly resistant and presented similar growth to control plants. Therefore, this methodology is useful to obtain B. cinerea-resistant blackberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Huerta-Olalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Edif. B3, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Francisco. J. Múgica S/N, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Alejandra Hernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Edif. B3, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Francisco. J. Múgica S/N, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Rodolfo López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Edif. B3, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Francisco. J. Múgica S/N, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Sylvia Patricia Fernández-Pavía
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, UMSNH, Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, C.P. 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UMSNH, C.P. 58194, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Rafael Salgado-Garciglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Edif. B3, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Francisco. J. Múgica S/N, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Fischer J, Compant S, Pierron RJG, Gorfer M, Jacques A, Thines E, Berger H. Differing Alterations of Two Esca Associated Fungi, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Transcriptomic Level, to Co-Cultured Vitis vinifera L. calli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163344. [PMID: 27658052 PMCID: PMC5033417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungi Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P.al, Teleomorph: Togninia minima) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P.ch) are believed to be causal agents of wood symptoms associated with the Esca associated young vine decline. The occurrence of these diseases is dramatically increasing in vineyards all over the world whereas efficient therapeutic strategies are lacking. Both fungi occupy the same ecological niche within the grapevine trunk. We found them predominantly within the xylem vessels and surrounding cell walls which raises the question whether the transcriptional response towards plant cell secreted metabolites is comparable. In order to address this question we co-inoculated grapevine callus culture cells with the respective fungi and analyzed their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. This experimental setup appears suitable since we aimed to investigate the effects caused by the plant thereby excluding all effects caused by other microorganisms omnipresent in planta and nutrient depletion. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data revealed that 837 homologous genes were found to have comparable expression pattern whereas none of which was found to be differentially expressed in both strains upon exposure to the plant cells. Despite the fact that both fungi induced the transcription of oxido- reductases, likely to cope with reactive oxygen species produced by plant cells, the transcriptomics response of both fungi compared to each other is rather different in other domains. Within the transcriptome of P.ch beside increased transcript levels for oxido- reductases, plant cell wall degrading enzymes and detoxifying enzymes were found. On the other hand in P.al the transcription of some oxido- reductases was increased whereas others appeared to be repressed. In this fungus the confrontation to plant cells results in higher transcript levels of heat shock and chaperon-like proteins as well as genes encoding proteins involved in primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fischer
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Romain J. G. Pierron
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
- Université de Toulouse, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/UPS/INPT), Dept BIOSYM, INP-ENSAT, 1 avenue de l’Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alban Jacques
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Eckhard Thines
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Harald Berger
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Coe
- USDA-ARS University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
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Vleeshouwers VGAA, Oliver RP. Effectors as Tools in Disease Resistance Breeding Against Biotrophic, Hemibiotrophic, and Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 2015:40-50. [PMID: 27839074 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0313-ta.testissue] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of most important challenges in plant breeding is improving resistance to the plethora of pathogens that threaten our crops. The ever-growing world population, changing pathogen populations, and fungicide resistance issues have increased the urgency of this task. In addition to a vital inflow of novel resistance sources into breeding programs, the functional characterization and deployment of resistance also needs improvement. Therefore, plant breeders need to adopt new strategies and techniques. In modern resistance breeding, effectors are emerging as tools to accelerate and improve the identification, functional characterization, and deployment of resistance genes. Since genome-wide catalogues of effectors have become available for various pathogens, including biotrophs as well as necrotrophs, effector-assisted breeding has been shown to be successful for various crops. "Effectoromics" has contributed to classical resistance breeding as well as for genetically modified approaches. Here, we present an overview of how effector-assisted breeding and deployment is being exploited for various pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne G A A Vleeshouwers
- 1 Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Oliver
- 2 Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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Vleeshouwers VGAA, Oliver RP. Effectors as Tools in Disease Resistance Breeding Against Biotrophic, Hemibiotrophic, and Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 2015:17-27. [PMID: 27839075 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0313-cr.testissue] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of most important challenges in plant breeding is improving resistance to the plethora of pathogens that threaten our crops. The ever-growing world population, changing pathogen populations, and fungicide resistance issues have increased the urgency of this task. In addition to a vital inflow of novel resistance sources into breeding programs, the functional characterization and deployment of resistance also needs improvement. Therefore, plant breeders need to adopt new strategies and techniques. In modern resistance breeding, effectors are emerging as tools to accelerate and improve the identification, functional characterization, and deployment of resistance genes. Since genome-wide catalogues of effectors have become available for various pathogens, including biotrophs as well as necrotrophs, effector-assisted breeding has been shown to be successful for various crops. "Effectoromics" has contributed to classical resistance breeding as well as for genetically modified approaches. Here, we present an overview of how effector-assisted breeding and deployment is being exploited for various pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne G A A Vleeshouwers
- 1 Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Oliver
- 2 Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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Vleeshouwers VGAA, Oliver RP. Effectors as tools in disease resistance breeding against biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic plant pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:196-206. [PMID: 24405032 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0313-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
One of most important challenges in plant breeding is improving resistance to the plethora of pathogens that threaten our crops. The ever-growing world population, changing pathogen populations, and fungicide resistance issues have increased the urgency of this task. In addition to a vital inflow of novel resistance sources into breeding programs, the functional characterization and deployment of resistance also needs improvement. Therefore, plant breeders need to adopt new strategies and techniques. In modern resistance breeding, effectors are emerging as tools to accelerate and improve the identification, functional characterization, and deployment of resistance genes. Since genome-wide catalogues of effectors have become available for various pathogens, including biotrophs as well as necrotrophs, effector-assisted breeding has been shown to be successful for various crops. "Effectoromics" has contributed to classical resistance breeding as well as for genetically modified approaches. Here, we present an overview of how effector-assisted breeding and deployment is being exploited for various pathosystems.
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Mahlanza T, Rutherford RS, Snyman SJ, Watt MP. In vitro generation of somaclonal variant plants of sugarcane for tolerance to Fusarium sacchari. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:249-262. [PMID: 23090725 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : A combination of in vitro culture and mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) followed by culture filtrate-mediated selection produced variant sugarcane plants tolerant and resistant to Fusarium sacchari. Eldana saccharina is a destructive pest of the sugarcane crop in South Africa. Fusarium sacchari PNG40 (a fungal strain harmful to E. saccharina) has the potential to be an endophytic biological control agent of the stalk borer. However, the fungus causes Fusarium stalk rot in sugarcane. In the current study, sugarcane plants tolerant and resistant to F. sacchari PNG40 were produced by exposing embryogenic calli to the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), followed by in vitro selection during somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration on media containing F. sacchari culture filtrates (CF). The incorporation of 100 ppm CF in the culture media at the embryo maturation stage, at germination, or at both, resulted in callus necrosis and consequent reduced plantlet yield. Subsequent trimming of the roots of regenerated plants and their exposure to 1,500 ppm CF served as a further selection treatment. Plants produced from EMS-treated calli displayed improved root re-growth in the presence of CF pressure compared with those from non-treated calli. The tolerance of CF-selected plants was confirmed in greenhouse tests by inoculation with F. sacchari PNG40, re-isolation of Fusarium spp. from undamaged tissue of asymptomatic plants and establishment of the identity of fungal isolates as PNG40 using molecular analysis. The restriction of PNG40 presence to the inoculation lesion in some plants suggested their resistance to the fungus. Genotypes exhibiting symptomless endophytic colonization by PNG40 were identified and will be utilised for testing biological control strategies against E. saccharina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendekai Mahlanza
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P. Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, KwaZulu-Natal, 4300, South Africa.
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Rai MK, Kalia RK, Singh R, Gangola MP, Dhawan A. Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection—An overview of the recent progress. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Abstract
Clonal populations regenerated from single-leaf cell protoplasts of the potato cultivar ;Russet Burbank' display a high frequency of variation for several horticultural and disease resistance characters. Observations over a period of three tuber generations suggest stable changes in tuber shape, yield, and maturity date, in photo-period requirements for flowering, and in plant morphology. Enhanced resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) diseases also regularly occurs within regenerated populations. These findings are discussed in the context of possible application to varietal improvement, particularly as they pertain to asexually propagated plants.
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Dewey RE, Timothy DH, Levings CS. A mitochondrial protein associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in the T cytoplasm of maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 84:5374-8. [PMID: 16593863 PMCID: PMC298858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA in the T male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T) of maize contains an open reading frame (ORF 13) associated with the T type of sterility. Antibodies raised to a chemically synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to ORF 13 were used to establish the expression of a 13-kDa protein from this reading frame. The 13-kDa polypeptide is synthesized uniquely in cms-T maize and purifies with the membrane fraction of T mitochondria. We assign the symbol urf13-T to designate this mitochondrial gene. Presence of the nuclear restorer gene Rf1 in cms-T plants results in a decrease in abundance of 13-kDa protein and alteration in the transcripts of urf13-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Dewey
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
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Hibberd KA, Green CE. Inheritance and expression of lysine plus threonine resistance selected in maize tissue culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 79:559-63. [PMID: 16593148 PMCID: PMC345784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for resistance to growth inhibition by lysine plus threonine in equimolar concentrations (LT) in tissue cultures of maize yielded a stable resistant line, LT19. Genetic analysis of progeny of plants regenerated from LT19 showed that LT resistance was inherited as a single dominant nuclear gene, temporarily designated Ltr(*)-19. Tissue cultures initiated from resistant embryos required 5-10 times higher levels of LT to inhibit growth than did cultures from LT-sensitive embryos. LT resistance in Ltr(*)-19 was expressed as much reduced inhibition of root and shoot growth in the presence of LT. The free pool of threonine was increased 6 times in cultures initiated from immature embryos of LT-resistant plants, and 75-100 times in kernels homozygous for Ltr(*)-19, as compared to cultures and kernels from LT-sensitive embryos and plants, respectively. Overproduction of free threonine increased the total threonine content in homozygous Ltr(*)-19 kernels by 33-59%. The results demonstrate that LT resistance selected with tissue culture methods is heritable and is expressed in cultures, seedlings, and kernels. Furthermore, they demonstrate a method to obtain amino acid-overproducer mutants in maize, which have the potential to increase substantially specific amino acids in kernels. The capability to increase specifically the nutritionally limiting amino acid(s) could have important nutritional implications for the grain of cereals and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hibberd
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Wise RP, Pring DR, Gengenbach BG. Mutation to male fertility and toxin insensitivity in Texas (T)-cytoplasm maize is associated with a frameshift in a mitochondrial open reading frame. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 84:2858-62. [PMID: 16593831 PMCID: PMC304759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture-derived mutants of male-sterile and disease toxin-sensitive Texas (T)-cytoplasm maize that exhibit male fertility and toxin insensitivity carry numerous alterations in mitochondrial DNA. In these mutants, a 6.7-kilobase Xho I fragment characteristic of parental T cytoplasm has been rearranged. In the mutant T-4, the parental 6.7-kilobase Xho I fragment contains a guanine to adenine transition adjacent to a 5-base-pair insertion not found in T cytoplasm. The insertion, internal to a 345-base-pair open reading frame (T ORF13), generates a frameshift, resulting in a premature stop codon that terminates the open reading frame at base pair 222. In other mutants, the 345-base-pair ORF is part of a 3-kilobase deletion, which extends into a 5-kilobase repeat characteristic of mtDNA from T but not N male-fertile cytoplasm. Clones specific to T ORF13 hybridize to eight transcripts in T and T-4, yet only hybridize to three transcripts in T-7, a deletion mutant. Transcription of the T ORF13 region appears not to be altered in T-4, but the frameshift mutation in the T ORF13 reading frame indicates that a biologically inactive gene product could be associated with the mutational events. The results suggest that cytoplasmic male sterility and disease toxin sensitivity may be associated with presence of T ORF13 in T-cytoplasm maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Matern U, Strobel G, Shepard J. Reaction to phytotoxins in a potato population derived from mesophyll protoplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 75:4935-9. [PMID: 16592580 PMCID: PMC336236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in potato, produces two host-specific, lipidlike toxins in culture. Both compounds are required in the leaf bioassay for the elicitation of typical early blight symptoms, but the compounds are individually inactive. The procedures for the preparation of both compounds are outlined. These compounds can be used effectively to select for toxin-insensitive and sensitive clones of a Russet Burbank potato cultivar that have been regenerated from single mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, both sensitivity and insensitivity to the toxins in these clones is well correlated with susceptibility and resistance to A. solani. Potato clones that have been produced by somatic cell regeneration techniques maintain their reaction type to these fungal toxins for at least two generations of vegetative propagation. The genetic basis for this variation among these potato clones remains to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Matern
- Department of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
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Nasir IA, Riazuddin S. In vitro selection for Fusarium wilt resistance in Gladiolus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:601-12. [PMID: 18713429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cormels pieces of four Fusarium susceptible Gladiolus cultivars (Friendship, Peter Pears, Victor Borge and Novalux) formed friable calli when cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. The friable calli established cell suspensions. Plantlet regeneration was obtained from the control callus, control cell suspension derived callus and in vitro selected Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. resistant cell-lines of Friendship. The in vitro cormlets showed 85-95% germination after breaking dormancy of 8 weeks at 4 degrees C. Cell suspensions of all four Gladiolus cultivars were found to be highly sensitive to fusaric acid. Gradual increase in fusaric acid concentrations to the cell-suspension cultures decreased cell growth considerably. One albino plant was found from the second generation of the in vitro selected cell line of Friendship. The albino plant was found to be highly susceptible to F. oxysporum. The cormlets of all in vitro selected cell lines of Friendship were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the F. oxysporum before planting and were also sprayed with the same spore suspension for further characterization when the height of plants was about 6 cm. The four selected cell lines showed the same response whether or not they were inoculated with conidia of the F. oxysporum. Plantlets of all of the selected cell lines exhibited significant growth as compared with the control after application of conidia of the F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Canal Bank, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
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Slavov S. Phytotoxins and in Vitro Screening for Improved Disease Resistant Plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Brar DS, Jain SM. Somaclonal Variation: Mechanism and Applications in Crop Improvement. SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND INDUCED MUTATIONS IN CROP IMPROVEMENT 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9125-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Ahloowalia BS. In-vitro Techniques and Mutagenesis for the Improvement of Vegetatively Propagated Plants. SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND INDUCED MUTATIONS IN CROP IMPROVEMENT 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9125-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Venkatachalam P, Jayabalam N. Selection and regeneration of groundnut plants resistant to the pathotoxic culture filtrate ofCercosporidium personation through tissue culture technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02787807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Characteristic differences exist between the mitochondrial genome organization of fertile and cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines in a range of plant species. Current evidence suggests that these characteristic mitochondrial genotypes arose by aberrant recombination events, generating chimeric mitochondrial DNA sequences which have subsequently become stabilized, possibly by selective amplification. An investigation of the variation in stoichiometry of the fouratpA gene types in maize have suggested evolutionary mechanisms for the generation of mitochondrial genome diversity which are based on amplification of pre-existing, rare recombinant DNA molecules. As with a number of other well-documented examples of genome rearrangement, those involving theatpA gene appear to have no obvious phenotypic significance. However, in a number of cases, recombination events have resulted in either modification of existing mitochondrial genes, leading to the synthesis of a modified polypeptide, e.g. thecoxI gene in the 9E sorghum cytoplasm, or the generation of novel open reading frames. In the latter case the unique open reading frame found in the mitochondrial DNA of CMS-T maize plants encodes a 13 kDa polypeptide, previously identified as a CMS-T-specific mitochondrial translation product. Current studies are directed towards establishing a causal link between the 13 kDa polypeptide, mitochondrial enzyme complexes, and the CMS phenotype.
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Titu H, Calin A, Cucu N. Changes in the Cellular Ultrastructure of Potato Calli Induced by a Culture Filtrate of Phytophthora Infestans. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1997.10818947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Levings III CS, Rhoads DM, Siedow JN. Molecular interactions ofBipolaris maydisT-toxin and maize. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The toxins (T-toxins) produced by the fungal pathogens Bipolaris maydis race T (BmT) and Phyllosticta maydis (Pm) target the mitochondrial receptor, URF13, in maize (Zea mays L.) plants containing the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T). URF13, a 13-kDa protein, is the product of the maize mitochondrial gene T-urf13, which is found only in the mitochondrial genome of cms-T maize and is thought to be responsible for cytoplasmically inherited male sterility and disease susceptibility. Pm-toxin binds specifically to URF13 in a cooperative manner, and Pm- and BmT-toxins compete for the same, or overlapping, binding sites. The binding of T-toxin to URF13 causes rapid permcabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which results in leakage of NAD+and other ions from the matrix. A pore consisting of at least six transmembrane α-helices is required for NAD+leakage. Cross-linking experiments showed that URF13 oligomers are present in the mitochondrial membrane. A model of the secondary structure of URF13 proposes that each monomer contains three transmembrane α-helices. Studies combining site-directed mutagenesis and chemical cross-linking of URF13 expressed by Escherichia coli cells indicate that the oligomers are composed of a central core of helices II that line the center of the URF13 pores. Key words: maize cytoplasmic male sterility, URF13, mitochondrial pores, T-toxin receptor, Bipolaris maydis race T, Phyllosticta maydis, Helminthosporium maydis.
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Rhoads DM, Levings CS, Siedow JN. URF13, a ligand-gated, pore-forming receptor for T-toxin in the inner membrane of cms-T mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1995; 27:437-45. [PMID: 8595979 DOI: 10.1007/bf02110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
URF13 is the product of a mitochondrial-encoded gene (T-urf13) found only in maize plants containing the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T), and it is thought to be responsible for both cytoplasmic male sterility and the susceptibility of cms-T maize to the fungal pathogens Bipolaris maydis race T and Phyllosticata maydis. Mitochondria isolated from cms-T maize are uniquely sensitive to pathotoxins (T-toxin) produced by these fungi and to methomyl (a commercial insecticide). URF13 acts as a receptor that specifically binds T-toxin to produce hydrophilic pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane. When expressed in Escherichia coli cells, URF13 also forms hydrophilic pores in the plasma membrane if exposed to T-toxin or methomyl. Topological studies established that URF13 contains three membrane-spanning alpha-helices, two of which are amphipathic and can contribute to pore formation. Chemical cross-linking of URF13 was used to demonstrate the existence of URF13 oligomers in cms-T mitochondria and E. coli cells. The ability of the carboxylate-specific reagent, N,N'-dicyclohexycarbodiimide, to cross-link URF13 was used in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis to establish that the URF13 tetramer has a central core consisting of a four-alpha-helical bundle which undergoes a conformational change after interaction with T-toxin or methomyl. Overall, the experimental evidence indicates that URF13 functions as a ligand-gated, pore-forming T-toxin receptor in cms-T mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rhoads
- Department of Botany/Developmental, Cell, and Molecular Biology Group, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-1000, USA
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27
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Slavov S, Blagoeva-Nikolaeva V. Effect of Phytophthora Parasitica Var Nicotianae (Race 0) Culture Filtrate on Direct Organogenesis in Tobacco Stem Explants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1995.10818835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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28
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Application of in vivo and in vitro mutation techniques for crop improvement. DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT BREEDING 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0357-2_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Morère-Le Paven MC, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Hartmann C, Rode A. Unusual inheritance of the mitochondrial genome organization in the progeny of reciprocal crosses between alloplasmic hexaploid wheat regenerants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 89:572-576. [PMID: 24177932 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/1994] [Accepted: 04/18/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of a structurally-hypervariable fraction of the mitochondrial genome has been studied in 42 F1 progenies obtained from reciprocal crosses between self-pollinated alloplasmic wheat plants regenerated after long-term somatic embryogenesis. This fraction of the genome is maternally and stoichiometrically inherited. In contrast, some additional restriction fragments specific to regenerated plants display a more complex mode of sexual transmission: one of the additional fragments was stoichiometrically and systematically inherited whereas two others were detected only in certain F1 hybrids. Assuming that the detection, by Southern analysis, of such a fragment in regenerated plants is due to the amplification of a pre-existing substoichiometric molecule generated by the activation of a rare recombination event, our results suggest that the probability of detecting a novel fragment in the F1 hybrids could be determined by the length of the repeated sequence at which recombination occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Morère-Le Paven
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, URA CNRS D-1128, Bât. 630, Université Paris XI, 91405, Orsay, France
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30
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Levings CS. Thoughts on Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in cms-T Maize. THE PLANT CELL 1993; 5:1285-1290. [PMID: 12271028 PMCID: PMC160361 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Levings
- Department of Genetics, Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
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31
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Levings CS. Thoughts on Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in cms-T Maize. THE PLANT CELL 1993; 5:1285-1290. [PMID: 12271028 DOI: 10.2307/3869781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Levings
- Department of Genetics, Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
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32
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Karadimova M. Somaclonal Variation in Wheat. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1993.10818687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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33
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Hanson MR, Folkerts O. Structure and Function of the Higher Plant Mitochondrial Genome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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35
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36
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Bonhomme S, Budar F, F�rault M, Pelletier G. A 2.5 kb NcoI fragment of Ogura radish mitochondrial DNA is correlated with cytoplasmic male-sterility in Brassica cybrids. Curr Genet 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00326293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Abstract
The Texas cytoplasm of maize carries two cytoplasmically inherited traits, male sterility and disease susceptibility, which have been of great interest both for basic research and plant breeding. The two traits are inseparable and are associated with an unusual mitochondrial gene, T-urf13, which encodes a 13-kilodalton polypeptide (URF13). An interaction between fungal toxins and URF13, which results in permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, accounts for the specific susceptibility to the fungal pathogens.
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Yung CH, Wernsman EA. The value of gametoclonal variation in breeding for quantitative traits in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:381-384. [PMID: 24220973 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/1990] [Accepted: 05/15/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), anther-derived doubled haploid populations have been shown to exhibit large amounts of unexpected genetic variation and a severe depression in cured leaf yield when compared to conventionally inbred genotypes from comparable sources. A previous study had predicted that the yield depression observed in a doubled haploid population-derived from a near homozygous cultivar, NC95, might be overcome through a recurrent selection program. In the current study, progress from three cycles of full-sib family selection for improved yield in an anther-culture derived population of NC95 was measured, as well as the remaining genetic variation within the population. A design II experiment was conducted in the population following three cycles of selection. Results indicate that the NC95 yield level has been recovered in the third selection cycle population. Although most of the genetic variation in the population appears to be exhausted, the additive genetic variance among maternal half-sib families for yield is significant, and it appears that continued yield improvement can be made through recurrent selection. Significant additive-genetic variance for yield was found among maternal half-sib families but was essentially zero among the paternal half-sib families, suggesting that remaining genetic variation is not being transmitted through pollen. One possible explanation results from the phenomenon of DNA amplification that can occur during the anther culture process, and that may enable extraordinary recombinational events and reduce the viability of male gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yung
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, 27695-7620, Raleigh, NC, USA
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39
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Fauron CM, Havlik M, Hafezi S, Brettell RI, Albertsen M. Study of two different recombination events in maize cmsT-regenerated plants during reversion to fertility. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 79:593-599. [PMID: 24226571 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1989] [Accepted: 11/06/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The change of phenotype from sterility to fertility for some cmsT callus tissue culture regenerated plants and their progenies has been correlated with changes in their mitochondrial genome. Those changes that have been analyzed here are the result of recombination events. Two different sets of repeated sequences have been found to be involved in those recombination events. The most common one is a recombination through a 127-bp repeat between various independently isolated revertants. The second one is a recombination through a 58-bp repeat. In every case the products of recombination containing the urf13 gene have been deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fauron
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, 743 Wintrobe Building, 84132, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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40
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Yu K, Christie BR, Pauls KP. Effects ofVerticillium albo-atrum culture filtrate on somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1990; 8:509-511. [PMID: 24226274 DOI: 10.1007/bf00820197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1989] [Revised: 10/17/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell suspensions derived from young petioles of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were cultured in the presence and absence of aVerticillium albo-atrum culture filtrate (20% v/v) for 6 cycles. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis and the growth rate of the suspension cultures were investigated at each cycle. Somatic embryogenesis in the filtrate-treated cultures declined but was still at a relatively high level after 6 subcultures, compared to controls cultures which virtually lost the capacity for embryo formation in the same period. The decline in the embryogenic capacity of filtrate treated-cultures was accompanied by a six-fold increase in the rate of growth of the cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Bajaj YPS. Somaclonal Variation — Origin, Induction, Cryopreservation, and Implications in Plant Breeding. SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT I 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-02636-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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43
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Kuehnle AR, Earle ED. In vitro selection for methomyl resistance in CMS-T maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 78:672-682. [PMID: 24225828 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1988] [Accepted: 07/31/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many plants resistant to methomyl (Lannate), an insecticide which selectively damages maize with the Texas (T) type of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-T), were obtained by in vitro selection and also without selection. The selection procedure used 0.6-0.7mM methomyl and callus from CMS-T versions of several field and sweet corn genotypes (W182BN, Wf9, P39, MDM1, SW1 and hybrids of SW1, IL766A1, IL766A2, and 442 with W182BN-N). Addition of 1 mM methomyl to the regeneration medium greatly reduced recovery of methomyl-sensitive escapes. Resistance was linked with reversion to male fertility and maternally inherited. Most progeny of resistant plants exhibited stable maternally inherited resistance for two generations in field tests. First-generation progeny of seven culture-derived plants segregated for resistance and sensitivity; this suggests that ears of these seven regenerants were cytoplasmically chimeral. Resistance to methomyl was associated with resistance to T toxin from Helminthosporium maydis race T and with changes in mitochondrial physiology. Prolonged culture (14-16 months versus 6-8 months) increased the frequency of resistance among both selected and non-selected regenerants. Little or no resistance was found among regenerants from certain genotypes. Selection with methomyl may be useful for production of improved sweet corn lines and as a source of mitochondrial mutants. This system is also convenient for studies of the effects of nuclear background and of culture and selection systems on the generation of cytoplasmic mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kuehnle
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, 14853-1902, Ithaca, NY, USA
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44
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Pickering RA. Plant regeneration and variants from calli derived from immature embryos of diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and H. vulgare L. x H. bulbosum L. crosses. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 78:105-112. [PMID: 24227038 DOI: 10.1007/bf00299762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1989] [Accepted: 02/15/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant regeneration from calli was carried out at two locations using several parental genotypes and environments. Selfed immature diploid (VV) barley (Hordeum vulgare) embryos and immature haploid (V) or hybrid (VB) embryos from crosses between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum were used as explants. 'Golden Promise', 'Emir' and 'CB 7432' were the best cultivars for plant regeneration, and 15°C tended to be more suitable for plant development than higher temperatures. A total of 844 regenerants were obtained, and over 200 fertile progenies were screened agronomically. Apart from the occurrence of polyploidy and albinism, three variants were identified. One showed maternal inheritance for yellow leaf striping while the other two were controlled by single recessive genes. One of these possessed increased resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) compared with the donor parent cv 'Triumph', and one resembled a chlorina mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pickering
- Crop Research Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
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45
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Initiation and processing of atp6, T-urf13 and ORF221 transcripts from mitochondria of T cytoplasm maize. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00332225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Sjödin C, Glimelius K. Differences in response to the toxin sirodesmin PL produced by Phoma lingam (Tode ex fr.) Desm. on protoplasts, cell aggregates and intact plants of resistant and susceptible Brassica accessions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 77:76-80. [PMID: 24232477 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1988] [Accepted: 08/18/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The selective property of sirodesmin PL, a toxin produced by Phoma lingam, was studied on protoplasts, cell aggregates, leaves and roots. Directly after isolation, protoplasts from all the different Brassica accessions were sensitive when treated with toxin in a concentration higher than 1 μM. When more differentiated plant tissue. i.e. cell aggregates, leaves or roots, were investigated, insensitivity to the toxin was found in the plant material resistant to P. lingam, while the plant material susceptible to P. lingam was sensitive. The results reveal that a clear correlation between resistance to P. lingam and insensitivity to sirodesmin PL is present, and that the toxin can be used to distinguish resistant plant material from susceptible both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sjödin
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7003, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Pring DR, Gengenbach BG, Wise RP. Recombination is associated with polymorphism of the mitochondrial genomes of maize and sorghum. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1988; 319:187-98. [PMID: 2901764 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1988.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive recombination events characterize higher-plant mitochondrial DNAs. Numerous recombination events resulted in the appearance of an unusual mitochondrial open reading frame, urf13-T, which encodes a 13 kDa polypeptide in the male-sterile T cytoplasm of maize. Maize lines with T cytoplasm are unusually susceptible to two fungal pathogens which produce host-selective toxins. Mutants derived from tissue culture expressing male fertility and toxin-insensitivity are characterized by truncation or deletion of urf13-T. These events result from a frameshift associated with a tandem 5 base pair repeat, placing a premature stop codon in frame, or from a recombination event, apparently limited to tissue culture, resulting in the deletion of urf13-T. Neither class of mutants produces the 13 kDa gene product. Repeated sequences that participate in recombination in sorghum appear to be randomly distributed among male-fertile or male-sterile cytoplasms. Processes involved in the evolution of mitochondrial DNAs in higher plants therefore include the generation and deletion of configurations through recombination.
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48
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Li XQ, Chetrit P, Mathieu C, Vedel F, De Paepe R, Remy R, Ambard-Bretteville F. Regeneration of cytoplasmic male sterile protoclones of Nicotiana sylvestris with mitochondrial variations. Curr Genet 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00387773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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50
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Arcioni S, Pezzotti M, Damiani F. In vitro selection of alfalfa plants resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1987; 74:700-705. [PMID: 24240327 DOI: 10.1007/bf00247544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/1985] [Accepted: 03/20/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
From two lines of Medicago sativa characterized by a high regeneration capability, calli resistant to culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis have been selected. In these calli regeneration capability was greatly reduced and only one plant per callus was recovered. Regenerated plants have been evaluated for resistance to culture filtrate and for in vivo resistance to the pathogen. Three plants out of eight were resistant to the fungus and a high correlation between resistance to culture filtrate and in vivo resistance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arcioni
- Centro di Studio Miglioramento Genetico Piante Foraggere C.N.R., Borgo XX giugno, 74, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
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