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Gao X, Wang Z, Xiong L, Wu F, Gan X, Liu J, Huang X, Liu J, Tang L, Li Y, Huang J, Huang Y, Li W, Zeng H, Ban Y, Chen T, He S, Lin A, Han F, Guo X, Yu Q, Shu W, Zhang B, Zou R, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Tian H, Wei W, Zhang Z, Wei C, Wei Y, Liu H, Yao H, Chen Q, Zou Z. The bs-YHEDA peptide protects the brains of senile mice and thus recovers intelligence by reducing iron and free radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:216-225. [PMID: 35970250 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulates in the brain with age and catalyzes free radical damage to neurons, thus playing a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decrease the incidence of AD, we synthesized the iron-affinitive peptide 5YHEDA to scavenge the excess iron in the senile brain. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) blocks the entrance of macromolecules into the brain, thus decreasing the therapeutic effects. To facilitate the entrance of the 5YHEDA peptide, we linked the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-binding segment of ApoB-100 to 5YHEDA (named "bs-YHEDA"). The results of intravenous injections of bs-5YHEDA into senescent mice demonstrated that bs-YHEDA entered the brain, increased ferriportin levels, reduced iron and free radical levels, decreased the consequences of neuronal necrosis and ameliorated cognitive disfunction without kidney or liver damage. bs-5YHEDA is a safe iron and free radical remover that potentially alleviates aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Gao
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lijun Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xinying Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China
| | - Juxia Liu
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jinli Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Hongji Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yunfei Ban
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Suyuan He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Anni Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Fei Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Qiming Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Ruyi Zou
- Chemical Department of Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Haibo Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Wenjia Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Chuandong Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China
| | - Huihua Liu
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China.
| | - Hua Yao
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China.
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 542005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China; Biochemistry Department of Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47006, USA.
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Kappen LS, Goldberg IH, Liesch JM. Identification of thymidine-5'-aldehyde at DNA strand breaks induced by neocarzinostatin chromophore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 79:744-8. [PMID: 16593156 PMCID: PMC345828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom phosphodiesterase or endonuclease S1 digestion of neocarzinostatin chromophore-treated DNA, labeled in its thymidine residues, liberates an unusual labeled nucleoside from the 5' end of a drug-induced break. This substance, isolated by reverse-phase HPLC, possesses carbons from both the thymine and the deoxyribose moieties of thymidine in the DNA but, unlike thymidine, is readily degraded at pH 12 to thymine and a sugar fragment. The altered nucleoside was shown to contain a carbonyl group by its reduction with NaBH(4) to form a substance that has the chromatographic properties of thymidine and by its reaction with various hydrazines to form the respective hydrazone derivatives; the carbonyl exists as the 5' aldehyde as shown by its mild chemical oxidation to the carboxylic acid with simultaneous loss of the 5' (3)H. Mass spectral analysis showed a fragmentation pattern compatible with the structure thymidine-5'-aldehyde. These data indicate that the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin, in the presence of a reducing substance (2-mercaptoethanol) and molecular oxygen, selectively oxidizes the 5' carbon of nucleosides in DNA to the aldehyde, resulting in a strand break and a DNA fragment bearing nucleoside-5'-aldehyde at its 5' end.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kappen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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