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Chen M, Liu X, He Y, Li N, He J, Zhang Y. Diversity Among Cyanobacterial Photosystem I Oligomers. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:781826. [PMID: 35281305 PMCID: PMC8908432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the oligomeric states of the photosystem I complex is essential to understanding the evolution and native mechanisms of photosynthesis. The molecular composition and functions of this complex are highly conserved among cyanobacteria, algae, and plants; however, its structure varies considerably between species. In cyanobacteria, the photosystem I complex is a trimer in most species, but monomer, dimer and tetramer arrangements with full physiological function have recently been characterized. Higher order oligomers have also been identified in some heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria and their close unicellular relatives. Given technological progress in cryo-electron microscope single particle technology, structures of PSI dimers, tetramers and some heterogeneous supercomplexes have been resolved into near atomic resolution. Recent developments in photosystem I oligomer studies have largely enriched theories on the structure and function of these photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie He
- Center for Cell Fate and Lineage (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen, China.,Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun He
- Center for Cell Fate and Lineage (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen, China.,Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Herzallh NS, Cohen Y, Mukha D, Neumann E, Michaeli D, Nechushtai R, Yehezkeli O. Photosynthesis Z-Scheme biomimicry: Photosystem I/BiVO 4 photo-bioelectrochemical cell for donor-free bias-free electrical power generation. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112517. [PMID: 32889396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photo-bioelectrochemical cells that are based on photosynthetic proteins are drawing increased attention for both fundamental and applied research. While novel photosynthetic based systems have been introduced, further optimization in terms of stability and efficiency is required. Photosystem I has been utilized extensively in bioelectronic devices, often in conjugation with viologen moieties which act as electron acceptors. It has been shown previously that a partial reduction of oxygen to H2O2 can facilitate damage to proteins hence, limits their long-term activation. Here, we show a newly developed bias-free, donor-free photo-bioelectrochemical system that mimics the natural photosynthetic Z-scheme. Polymethylene blue and polybutyl-viologen were tailored to fit the photosystem I donor and acceptor sides, respectively. Furthermore, we show that by coupling the developed biocathode with a BiVO4/CoP photoanode, a power output of 25 μW/cm2 can be achieved. We further show that our configuration can minimize the damaging effect of H2O2 by two different pathways, oxidation at the photoanode or reduction by the polymethylene blue layer at the biocathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidaa Shrara Herzallh
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yifat Cohen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dina Mukha
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ehud Neumann
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Dorit Michaeli
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel; The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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3
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Yehezkeli O, Tel-Vered R, Michaeli D, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Photosystem I (PSI)/Photosystem II (PSII)-based photo-bioelectrochemical cells revealing directional generation of photocurrents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2970-2978. [PMID: 23606348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Layered assemblies of photosystem I, PSI, and/or photosystem II, PSII, on ITO electrodes are constructed using a layer-by-layer deposition process, where poly N,N'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (poly-benzyl viologen, PBV(2+) ) is used as an inter-protein "glue". While the layered assembly of PSI generates an anodic photocurrent only in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor system, such as dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP)/ascorbate, the PSII-modified electrode leads, upon irradiation, to the formation of an anodic photocurrent (while evolving oxygen), in the absence of any sacrificial component. The photocurrent is generated by transferring the electrons from the PSII units to the PBV(2+) redox polymer. The charge-separated species allow, then, the injection of the electrons to the electrode, with the concomitant evolution of O2 . A layered assembly, consisting of a PSI layer attached to a layer of PSII by the redox polymer PBV(2+) , leads to an anodic photocurrent that is 2-fold higher, as compared to the anodic photocurrent generated by a PSII-modified electrode. This observation is attributed to an enhanced charge separation in the two-photosystem assembly. By the further nano-engineering of the two photosystems on the electrode using two different redox polymers, vectorial electron transfer to the electrode is demonstrated, resulting in a ca. 6-fold enhancement in the photocurrent. The reversed bi-layer assembly, consisting of a PSII layer linked to a layer of PSI by the PBV(2+) redox polymer, yields, upon irradiation, an inefficient cathodic current. This observation is attributed to a mixture of photoinduced electron transfer reactions of opposing effects on the photocurrent directions in the two-photosystem assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Yehezkeli
- Institute of Chemistry, Minerva Center for Bio-Hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Efrati A, Yehezkeli O, Tel-Vered R, Michaeli D, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Electrochemical switching of photoelectrochemical processes at CdS QDs and photosystem I-modified electrodes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9258-9266. [PMID: 23009682 DOI: 10.1021/nn3037286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoactive inorganic CdS quantum dots (QDs) or the native photosystem I (PSI) is immobilized onto a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) monolayer linked to Au electrodes to yield hybrid relay/QDs (or photosystem) assemblies. By the electrochemical biasing of the electrode potential, the relay units are retained in their oxidized PQQ or reduced PQQH(2) states. The oxidized or reduced states of the relay units dictate the direction of the photocurrent (anodic or cathodic). By the cyclic biasing of the electrode potential between the values E ≥ -0.05 V and E ≤ -0.3 V vs Ag quasi-reference electrode (Ag QRE), retaining the relay units in the oxidized PQQ or reduced PQQH(2) states, the photocurrents are respectively switched between anodic and cathodic values. Different configurations of electrically switchable photoelectrochemical systems are described: (i) the PQQ/CdS QDs/(triethanolamine, TEOA) or PQQ/PSI/(ascorbic acid/dichlorophenolindophenol, DCPIP) systems, leading to anodic photocurrents; (ii) the PQQ/CdS QDs (or PSI)/(flavin adenine dinucleotide) systems, leading to cathodic photocurrents; (iii) the PQQ/CdS QDs (or PSI)/(O(2)) switchable systems, leading to cyclic anodic/cathodic switching of the photocurrents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Efrati
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Yehezkeli O, Wilner OI, Tel-Vered R, Roizman-Sade D, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Generation of Photocurrents by Bis-aniline-Cross-Linked Pt Nanoparticle/Photosystem I Composites on Electrodes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14383-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100454u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Yehezkeli
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ofer I. Wilner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ran Tel-Vered
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dan Roizman-Sade
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Department of Plant Sciences, the Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Taylor M, Ross K, Bentham R. Legionella, protozoa, and biofilms: interactions within complex microbial systems. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 58:538-547. [PMID: 19365668 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the investigation of Legionella ecology falls into two distinct areas of research activity: (1) that Legionella multiply within water sources by parasitizing amoebic or ciliate hosts or (2) that Legionella grows extracellularly within biofilms. Less focus has been given to the overlaps that may occur between these two areas or the likelihood that Legionella employs multiple survival strategies to persist in water sources. It is likely that Legionella interacts with protozoa, bacteria, algae, fungi, etc., and biofilm components in a more complex fashion than multiplication or death due to the presence or absence of single components of these complex microbial systems. This paper addresses gaps that exist in the understanding of Legionella ecology and serves to pinpoint areas of future research. To assume that only one other class of organism is important to Legionella ecology may limit our understanding of how this bacterium proliferates in heated water sources and also limit our strategies for its control in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taylor
- Department of Environmental Health, Flinders University of South Australia, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on earth, is catalyzed by four multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), the cytochrome b(6)f complex, and F-ATPase. PSI generates the most negative redox potential in nature and largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems. PSII generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable it to oxidize H(2)O, a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth. During the last century, the sophisticated techniques of spectroscopy, molecular genetics, and biochemistry were used to reveal the structure and function of the two photosystems. The new structures of PSI and PSII from cyanobacteria, algae, and plants has shed light not only on the architecture and mechanism of action of these intricate membrane complexes, but also on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Fromme P, Mathis P. Unraveling the photosystem I reaction center: a history, or the sum of many efforts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2004; 80:109-24. [PMID: 16328814 DOI: 10.1023/b:pres.0000030657.88242.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article describes some aspects of the history of the discovery of the structure and function of Photosystem I (PS I). PS I is the largest and most complex membrane protein for which detailed structural and functional information is now available. This short historical review cannot cover all the work that has been carried out over more than 50 years, nor provide a deep insight into the structure and function of this protein complex. Instead, this review focuses on more personal views of some of the key discoveries, starting in the 1950s with the discovery of the existence of two photoreactions in oxygenic photosynthesis, and ending with the race towards an atomic structure of PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Main Campus Room PSC-307, PO Box 871604, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
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Gong XM, Agalarov R, Brettel K, Carmeli C. Control of electron transport in photosystem I by the iron-sulfur cluster FX in response to intra- and intersubunit interactions. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:19141-50. [PMID: 12626505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301808200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PS I) is a transmembranal multisubunit complex that mediates light-induced electron transfer from plactocyanine to ferredoxin. The electron transfer proceeds from an excited chlorophyll a dimer (P700) through a chlorophyll a (A0), a phylloquinone (A1), and a [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur cluster FX, all located on the core subunits PsaA and PsaB, to iron-sulfur clusters FA and FB, located on subunit PsaC. Earlier, it was attempted to determine the function of FX in the absence of FA/B mainly by chemical dissociation of subunit PsaC. However, not all PsaC subunits could be removed from the PS I preparations by this procedure without partially damaging FX. We therefore removed subunit PsaC by interruption of the psaC2 gene of PS I in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Cells could not grow under photosynthetic conditions when subunit PsaC was deleted, yet the PsaC-deficient mutant cells grew under heterotrophic conditions and assembled the core subunits of PS I in which light-induced electron transfer from P700 to A1 occurred. The photoreduction of FX was largely inhibited, as seen from direct measurement of the extent of electron transfer from A1 to FX. From the crystal structure it can be seen that the removal of subunits PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE in the PsaC-deficient mutant resulted in the braking of salt bridges between these subunits and PsaB and PsaA and the formation of a net of two negative surface charges on PsaA/B. The potential induced on FX by these surface charges is proposed to inhibit electron transport from the quinone. In the complete PS I complex, replacement of a cysteine ligand of FX by serine in site-directed mutation C565S/D566E in subunit PsaB caused an approximately 10-fold slow down of electron transfer from the quinone to FX without much affecting the extent of this electron transfer compared with wild type. Based on these and other results, we propose that FX might have a major role in controlling electron transfer through PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Zeng MT, Gong XM, Evans MCW, Nelson N, Carmeli C. Stabilization of iron-sulfur cluster F(X) by intra-subunit interactions unraveled by suppressor and second site-directed mutations in PsaB of Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1556:254-64. [PMID: 12460684 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intra-subunit interactions in the environment of the iron-sulfur cluster F(X) in Photosystem I (PS I) of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were studied by site-directed and second site suppressor mutations. In subunit PsaB, the cysteine ligand (C565) of F(X) and a conserved aspartate (D566) adjacent to C565 were modified. The resulting mutants D566E, C556S/D566E, C556H/D566E and C565H/D566E did not assemble PS I in the thylakoids of the cyanobacterium. Yet, this is the first report of cells of the second site-suppressor mutant (D566E/L416P) and of second site-directed mutant (C565S/D566E) in PsaB that could grow autotrophically in light and were found to assemble a stable functional PS I containing all three iron-sulfur centers, F(X) and F(A/B). The newly resolved structure of PS I (PDB 1JB0) was used to interpret the functional interactions among the amino acid residues. It is suggested that the stability of F(X) is supported by a salt bridge formed between D566, which is adjacent to the cysteine ligand C565 of the iron-sulfur cluster located on loop hi, and R703 located at the start of loop jk. Hydrogen bond between R703 and D571 at the start of loop hi further stabilizes the arginine. Lengthening of the side by 1.2 A chain in mutation D566E caused destabilization of F(X). The extended side-chain was compensated for by the Fe-O, which is 0.3 A shorter than the Fe-S bond resulting in stabilization of the F(X) in the double mutations C565S/D566E. The suppressor mutation D566E/L416P allowed greater freedom for the salt bridge E566-R703, thus relieving the pressure introduced by the D566E replacement and enabling the formation of F(X). F(X) and R703 are therefore stabilized through short- and long-range interactions of the inter-helical loops between h-i, j-k and f-g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Nelson N, Ben-Shem A. Photosystem I reaction center: past and future. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2002; 73:193-206. [PMID: 16245122 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020403231100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Science has always been drawn to uncover fundamental life processes. Photosynthesis is one, if not the most fascinating, of them. Within it, the protein complexes that catalyze light-induced electron transport and photophosphorylation are enchanting creations of evolution. Plant Photosystem I (PS I) is not the largest protein complex in nature but it is the most elaborate in the number of prosthetic groups involved in its fabric. Thirty years ago, one of us (NN) developed a fascination for this complex and, despite the apparent neglect (lack of publications in the last few years), never let it go. Only a crystal structure at 2 A resolution will satiate our curiosity. In this minireview, we trace the past, and end the article with a comment on future prospects. For the present situation, see Parag Chitnis (2001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel,
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Muster P, Binder A, Bachofen R. A single subunit P-700 reaction center of the thermophilic cyanobacteriumMastigocladus laminosus. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Schuster G, Nechushtai R, Nelson N, Ohad I. Purification and composition of photosystem I reaction center of Prochloron
sp., an oxygen-evolving prokaryote containing chlorophyll b. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lagoutte B, Setif P, Duranton J. Tentative identification of the apoproteins of iron-sulfur centers of Photosystem I. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balme A, Hervás M, Campos LA, Sancho J, De la Rosa MA, Navarro JA. A comparative study of the thermal stability of plastocyanin, cytochrome c(6) and Photosystem I in thermophilic and mesophilic cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2001; 70:281-9. [PMID: 16252173 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014761524242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c(6) (Cyt) from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum has been purified and characterized. It is a mildly acidic protein, with physicochemical properties very similar to those of plastocyanin (Pc). This is in agreement with the functional interchangeability of the two metalloproteins as electron donors to Photosystem I (PS I). The kinetic analyses of the interaction of Pc and Cyt with Photosystem I show that both metalloproteins reduce PS I with similar efficiencies, according to an oriented collisional kinetic model involving repulsive electrostatic interactions. The thermostability study of the Phormidium Pc/PS I system compared with those from mesophilic cyanobacteria (Synechocystis, Anabaena and Pseudanabaena) reveals that Pc is the partner limiting the thermostability of the Phormidium couple. The cross-reactions between Pc and PS I from different organisms demonstrate not only that Phormidium Pc enhances the stability of the Pc/PS I system using PS I from mesophilic cyanobacteria, but also that Phormidium PS I possesses a higher thermostability than the other photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balme
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla y CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain,
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17
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Barbato R, Polverino De Laureto P, Rigoni F, De Martini E, Giacometti GM. Pigment-protein complexes from the photosynthetic membrane of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 234:459-65. [PMID: 8536689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.459_b.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I and II core complexes were resolved in a single step from the thylakoid membrane of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by using a mild solubilization procedure in dodecyl beta-D-maltoside and Deriphat/PAGE. For each photosystem, two green bands were obtained containing oligomeric and monomeric forms of the core complexes of either photosystem. The oligomers are likely to be trimers in the case of photosystem I and dimers for photosystem II. The absorption spectra, polypeptide and pigment composition of green bands corresponding to either photosystem I or photosystem II were identical for monomeric and oligomeric forms. The cytochrome b-559 content of photosystem II was evaluated to be one cytochrome b-559/reaction centre both in the monomeric and dimeric forms. Two new 15-kDa and 22-kDa carotenoid-binding protein were isolated and their polypeptides purified to homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barbato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Padova, Italy
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18
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Cohen Y, Nelson N, Chitnis PR, Nechushtai R. The carboxyl-terminal region of the spinach PsaD subunit contains information for its specific assembly into plant thylakoids. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1995; 44:157-164. [PMID: 24307035 DOI: 10.1007/bf00018306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/1994] [Accepted: 01/06/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of the multi-subunit membrane-protein Photosystem I (PS I) complex involves incorporation of peripheral proteins into the complex. Here we studied assembly of the PsaD subunit of the cyanobacterial and plant PS I into the thylakoid membranes. We generated partial and chimeric psaD genes from which labeled proteins were synthesized in vitro. Assembly of these proteins into the cyanobacterial or plant thylakoids was assayed. The deletion of leader sequence and N-terminal extension of spinach prePsaD did not inhibit its assembly into spinach or cyanobacterial thylakoids. Addition of these sequences to the cyanobacterial PsaD did not enable it to assemble into plant thylakoids. Moreover, these additions significantly decreased the ability of the chimeric proteins to assemble into cyanobacterial thylakoids. In contrast, when the carboxyl-terminal half of cyanobacterial PsaD was replaced by the corresponding region of the spinach PsaD, the chimeric protein could assemble into both spinach and cyanobacterial thylakoids. Therefore, information in the carboxyl-terminal region of spinach PsaD is crucial for its assembly into plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cohen
- Botany Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Pueyo JJ, Gómez-Moreno C. Interaction of flavodoxin with cyanobacterial thylakoids. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1993; 38:35-39. [PMID: 24317828 DOI: 10.1007/bf00015059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/1992] [Accepted: 07/02/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavodoxin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 has been shown to mediate, under illumination, the transfer of electrons from the thylakoidal membranes that were isolated from the same organism, to both the enzyme ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase and cytochrome c. Chemical cross-linking of ferredoxin or flavodoxin to the photosynthetic membranes provides a preparation that is active in cytochrome c photoreduction without the addition of external protein carrier. NADP(+) photoreduction, albeit diminished, was observed only after addition of exogenous electron carrier protein. Immunoblotting analysis of the chemical adduct reveals that flavodoxin binds to a 10 kDa polypeptide subunit in the cyanobacterial Photosystem I which appears to act as its physiological partner in the electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Pueyo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Tsiotis G, Nitschke W, Haase W, Michel H. Purification and crystallization of Photosystem I complex from a phycobilisome-less mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1993; 35:285-297. [PMID: 24318758 DOI: 10.1007/bf00016559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1992] [Accepted: 10/13/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An active photosystem (PSI) complex was isolated from a phycobilisome-less mutant of the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002 by a mild procedure. Purification of PS I was achieved using a sucrose density gradient and an isoelectric focussing subsequent to the extraction of PSI from thylakoids with dodecyl-β-maltoside. Electron microscopy and gel filtration HPLC suggested that the isolated complex represents a trimeric form of PSI. The trimeric form was resistant to pH or detergent exchange. A 'molecular weight' of 690 kDa to 760 kDa has been determined for the complex by gel filtration HPLC in several detergents or mixtures of detergents.The PSI complex contains the polypeptides of the psaA, psaB, psaC, psaD, psaE, psaL gene products and two small polypeptides as determined by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing; its antenna size is 77±2 Chl a/P700. The full set of Fe-S clusters (FA, FB and FX) was observed by EPR-spectroscopy. A preliminary characterization of crystals obtained from this preparation was carried out using SDS-PAGE, optical and EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsiotis
- Abteilung Molekulare Membranbiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Heinrich Hoffmann Straße 7, D-6000, Frankfurt am Main 71, Germany
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21
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Almog O, Lotan O, Shoham G, Nechushtai R. The composition and organization of photosystem I. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 1991; 2:123-40. [PMID: 1797091 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.1991.2.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I, extensively studied in the past decade, was shown to be homologous in all photosynthetic organisms of the higher plants type. Its core complex was found to be highly conserved through evolution from cyanobacteria to higher plants. The genes coding for the subunits of CCI were isolated and the resulting sequences provided information about secondary structural elements. These suggested secondary structures enabled the prediction of the topology of these subunits in the photosynthetic membrane. Structural studies using both electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, on isolated particles as well as on the complexes in the photosynthetic membrane, led to a better understanding of the overall structure of CCI. Recently two forms of three dimensional crystals of CCI were obtained. These crystals contain all the original components of CCI (both protein and pigments); these components have not been altered by crystallization. It is expected that a detailed crystallographic analysis of these crystals, together with biochemical, spectroscopical and molecular biology studies, will eventually lead to the elucidation of the high resolution structure of the photosystem I core complex and to the understanding of the exact role and mode of action of this complex in the photosynthetic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Almog
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Almog O, Shoham G, Michaeli D, Nechushtai R. Monomeric and trimeric forms of photosystem I reaction center of Mastigocladus laminosus: crystallization and preliminary characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:5312-6. [PMID: 1905020 PMCID: PMC51862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers (RCs) of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus were purified and characterized. The PSI RC was obtained in two forms, monomeric and trimeric. The two forms contained the same number of pigments per P700 and displayed similar photochemical activities. The two forms had nearly identical polypeptide subunit compositions; the only observed difference was an additional subunit of about 12 kDa observed in the trimeric form. The purified preparations of both the monomeric and the trimeric forms were used for crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis. The trimeric PSI RC preparations produced several three-dimensional crystal forms, one of which, the "hexagonal needle" form (THN), had a hexagonal unit cell with dimensions of 300 x 300 x 160 A, containing four PSI RC trimers. The monomeric preparations also produced single crystals of several forms under various crystallization conditions. One of these crystal forms, the "hexagonal plate" (MHP), diffracted to a resolution of about 5.5 A. It had a hexagonal unit cell with dimensions of 192 x 192 x 163 A, containing six PSI RC monomers. Comparison of the PSI RCs in the crystals with those in the precrystallization preparations demonstrated that neither the monomeric nor the trimeric form of PSI RC was altered by the crystallization process. Both forms retained their original polypeptide subunit composition and their pigment content.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Almog
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Insertional inactivation of the gene encoding subunit II of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Chitnis PR, Reilly PA, Miedel MC, Nelson N. Structure and targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding 8-kDa subunit of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Burnap RL, Trench RK. The biogenesis of the cyanellae of Cyanophora paradoxa. II. Pulse-labelling of cyanellar polypeptides in the presence of transcriptional and translational inhibitors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1989; 238:73-87. [PMID: 2574470 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1989.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cycloheximide and chloroamphenicol, specific inhibitors of protein translation in the cytoplasmic and cyanellar compartments, respectively, of Cyanophora paradoxa, have been employed in 30 min pulse-labelling experiments by using [NaH-14C]O3 to label total cell proteins in vivo. Cyanellae purified from host cell lysates were separated into soluble and thylakoid fractions and analysed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the distribution of radioactivity in the cyanellar polypeptides. Analysis of the autoradiograms of electrophoretically resolved proteins of the cyanellae indicates that about 70% of the total number of cyanellar proteins visualized in the controls are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The majority (81%) of the soluble cyanellar proteins appear to be cytoplasmically synthesized. In contrast, the majority (70%) of the thylakoid proteins are synthesized within the cyanellae. The observations also suggest that the polypeptides synthesized within the cyanellae include species that are the most abundant and rapidly turned over. A number of the polypeptides previously identified have now been characterized with regard to their sites of synthesis. In addition, we report on labelling experiments involving rifampicin, a specific inhibitor of cyanellar transcription, which indicate that different mRNAs within the cyanellae have markedly different stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Burnap
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106
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26
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Reilly P, Hulmes JD, Pan YC, Nelson N. Molecular cloning and sequencing of the psaD gene encoding subunit II of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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27
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Schuster G, Timberg R, Ohad I. Turnover of thylakoid photosystem II proteins during photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 177:403-10. [PMID: 3191923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The turnover of photosystem-II proteins during photoinhibition was analyzed in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Changes in the amount of photosystem II core complex polypeptides D1, D2, 44 kDa and 51 kDa, the antennae-CP-29 and light-harvesting-complex-II polypeptides and the water-oxidizing complex polypeptides of 30 kDa, 23 kDa and 16 kDa were monitored by a variety of techniques. Only the D1 and D2 polypeptides were found to turnover during photoinhibition when cells were exposed to ten fold photosynthesis-saturating light (2500 W/m2 for 90 min) at 25 degrees C. While 80% of photosystem-II activity was lost, a reduction of only 20% was observed in the total amount of D1 and D2 proteins. However, inhibition of chloroplast translation by chloramphenicol during photoinhibition resulted in the loss of about 60% of the D1 and 40% of the D2 proteins, as demonstrated by Western blotting and dot blotting of isolated thylakoids, quantitative analysis of immunogold-labeled whole-cell thin sections, and chase of radioactively prelabelled proteins during photoinhibition. We propose that the light-dependent turnover of the D1 protein is a protective mechanism against photoinhibition as far as the removal and replacement of D1 is compatible with the photoinactivation incurred by photosystem II. At light intensities at which the rate of D1 removal becomes limiting, loss of photosystem-II activity exceeds the turnover of D1 and the stability of the D2 protein is impaired as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schuster
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Hoffman NE, Pichersky E, Malik VS, Ko K, Cashmore AR. Isolation and sequence of a tomato cDNA clone encoding subunit II of the photosystem I reaction center. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 10:435-445. [PMID: 24277591 DOI: 10.1007/bf00014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/1987] [Accepted: 01/20/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a phtosystem I polypeptide that is recognized by a polyclonal antibody prepared against subunit II of the photosystem I reaction center. The transit peptide processing site was determined to occur after Met50 by N terminal sequencing. The decuced sequence of this protein predicts that the polypeptide has a net positive charge (pI=9.6) and no membrane spanning regions are evident from the hydropathy plot. Based on these considerations and the fact that subunit II is solubilized by alkali treatment of thylakoids, we concluded that subunit II is an extrinsic membrane protein. The absence of hydrophobic regions characteristic of thylakoid transfer domains furthermore implies that subunit II is localized on the stromal side of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Hoffman
- Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Green BR. The chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant photosynthetic membranes or Just what green band is that? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 15:3-32. [PMID: 24430789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1987] [Accepted: 09/15/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher plant thylakoid membranes can be fractionated into a bewildering array of macrocomplexes, chlorophyll-protein complexes and chlorophyll-proteins with various deteregents and separations techniques. The chemical nature of each of these entities depends on the particular methods used to obtain them. This review summarizes the current status of the biochemical identification and characterization of individual chlorophyll-proteins and chlorophyll-protein complexes, and attempts to clarify the relationships among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Green
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 2B1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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30
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Reilly P, Nelson N. Photosystem I complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 19:73-84. [PMID: 24425369 DOI: 10.1007/bf00114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/1987] [Accepted: 03/30/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I is an integral component of the thylakoid membrane which catalyzes the photoreduction of ferredoxin using plastocyanin or cytochrome c as electron donor. In higher plants, the photosystem I complex is composed of eight protein subunits, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phylloquinone and bound iron sulfur clusters. The molecular biology and biochemistry of the complex are discussed in relation to the structure and function of the individual components. The mechanisms involved in the assembly of the components into a functional complex are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reilly
- Roche Research Center, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, 07110, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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31
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Bullerjahn GS, Matthijs HC, Mur LR, Sherman LA. Chlorophyll-protein composition of the thylakoid membrane from Prochlorothrix hollandica, a prokaryote containing chlorophyll b. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 168:295-300. [PMID: 3311745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyll-protein complexes of the thylakoid membrane from Prochlorothrix hollandica were identified following electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Five complexes, CP1-CP5, were resolved and these green bands were analyzed by spectroscopic and immunological methods. CP1 contains the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center, as this complex quenched fluorescence at room temperature, and had a 77 K fluorescence emission peak at 717 nm. CP4 contains the major chlorophyll-a-binding proteins of the photosystem II (PSII) core, because this complex contained polypeptides which cross-reacted to antibodies raised against Chlamydomonas PSII proteins 5 and 6. Furthermore, fluorescence excitation studies at 77 K indicated that only a Chl a is bound to CP4. Complexes CP2, CP3 and CP5 contained functionally bound Chl a and b as judged by absorption spectroscopy at 20 degrees C and fluorescence excitation spectra at 77 K. CP2, CP3 and CP5 all contain polypeptides of 30-33 kDa which are immunologically distinct from the LHC-II complex of higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bullerjahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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32
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Cantrell A, Bryant DA. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the psaA and psaB genes of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1987; 9:453-468. [PMID: 24277132 DOI: 10.1007/bf00015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/1987] [Accepted: 07/14/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The psaA and psaB genes, which encode the P700 chlorophyll a apoproteins of the Photosystem I complex, have been cloned from the unicellular, transformable cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The nucleotide sequence of these genes and of their flanking sequences have been determined by the chain termination method. As found in the chloroplast genomes of higher plants, the psaA gene lies 5' to the psaB gene; however, the cyanobacterial genes are separated by a greater distance (173 vs. 25-26 bp). The psaA gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 739 amino acid residues (81.7 kDa), and the psaB gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 733 residues (81.4 kDa). The cyanobacterial psa gene products are 76% to 81% identical to their higher plant homologues; moreover, because of conservative amino acid replacements, the cyanobacterial sequences are more than 95% homologous to those determined for higher plants. These results provide the basis for a genetic analysis of Photosystem I, and are discussed in relationship to structural and functional aspects of the Photosystem I complexes of both cyanobacteria and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cantrell
- S-101 Frear Bldg. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA
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33
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Golbeck JH. Light-induced charge separation across the photosynthetic membrane: a proposed structure for the photosystem I reaction center. J Memb Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)80374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Nechushtai R, Peterson CC, Peter GF, Thornber JP. Purification and characterization of a light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-protein of photosystem I of Lemna gibba. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 164:345-50. [PMID: 3552668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem I (PSI) complex of Lemna gibba, isolated by deriphat/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thylakoids solubilized in glycosidic surfactants, has been fractionated into its two chlorophyll-protein complexes: a core component (CCI) and a light-harvesting component (LHCI), using either non-denaturing gel electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography/sucrose gradient centrifugation. Both methods yielded an LHCI component that contained only one apoprotein of approximately 20 kDa. All the chlorophyll b and lutein of the PSI complex is associated with this LHCI preparation. The chlorophyll a/b ratio of this chlorophyll-protein is 2.5, and lutein is essentially the only carotenoid present. While the purified LHCI from Lemna cross-reacts with antibodies raised against spinach LHCPIb of Lam et al. [FEBS Lett. 168, 10-14 (1984)], no cross-reactivity occurred between it and the major light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-protein of PSII, LHCII beta. This and a comparison of the amino acid and pigment compositions of the apoproteins of the LHCI and LHCII beta chlorophyll-proteins indicate that these are two distinct but similar chlorophyll-proteins.
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35
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Olson JM, Pierson BK. Evolution of reaction centers in photosynthetic prokaryotes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1987; 108:209-48. [PMID: 3312066 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Olson
- Institute of Biochemistry, Odense University, Denmark
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36
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Mathis P, Rutherford A. Chapter 4 The primary reactions of photosystems I and II of algae and higher plants. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Kirilovsky D, Ohad I. Functional assembly in vitro of phycobilisomes with isolated photosystem II particles of eukaryotic chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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38
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Nechushtai R, Schuster G, Nelson N, Ohad I. Photosystem I reaction centers from maize bundle-sheath and mesophyll chloroplasts lack subunit III. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 159:157-61. [PMID: 3527704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I reaction centers were isolated from mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts of the C4 maize plant. Both preparations were found to be free of chlorophyll b and to have the same spectral properties and chlorophyll/P700 ratio as photosystem I reaction centers isolated from C3 plants. Photosystem I reaction centers from both mesophyll and bundle sheath were found to consist of six subunits with apparent molecular masses of about 70 kDa, 20 kDa, 17 kDa, 16 kDa, 10 kDa and 8 kDa, corresponding to photosystem I reaction center subunits I, II, IV, V, VI and VII of spinach, as tested by their immunological cross-reactivity with antibody raised against the respective spinach subunits. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies raised against subunit III of spinach, either in whole thylakoids or purified reaction centers of both bundle-sheath and mesophyll chloroplasts. It is concluded that photosystem I reaction centers of bundle-sheath and mesophyll thylakoids of maize are identical and lack the polypeptide corresponding to subunit III present in all C3 plants so far tested.
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39
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Scheer H, Gross E, Nitsche B, Cmiel E, Schneider S, Schäfer W, Schiebel HM, Schulten HR. STRUCTURE OF METHYLPHEOPHORBIDE-RCI. Photochem Photobiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb09535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Lundell DJ, Glazer AN, Melis A, Malkin R. Characterization of a cyanobacterial photosystem I complex. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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41
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Localization of the gene for P700 chlorophyll a protein in pea chloroplast DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Nelson N, Cidon S. New molecular aspects of energy-transducing protein complexes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1984; 16:11-36. [PMID: 6100293 DOI: 10.1007/bf00744143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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43
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Westhoff P, Alt J, Nelson N, Bottomley W, Bünemann H, Herrmann RG. Genes and transcripts for the P700 chlorophylla apoprotein and subunit 2 of the photosystem I reaction center complex from spinach thylakoid membranes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1983; 2:95-107. [PMID: 24318142 DOI: 10.1007/bf01595171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/1983] [Accepted: 07/11/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A photosystem I reaction center complex has been purified to homogeneity by a procedure involving partial solubilization of spinach thylakoid membranes, ion exchange chromatography and centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The complex contains 7 polypeptides: the P700 chlorophylla apoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 67 kd, which at high resolution splits into two bands, and smaller polypeptides of 22 (subunit 2), 18.5, 18, 16, 12 and 10 kd.Stable transcripts for the P700 chlorophylla apojprotein and subunit 2 were found in plastid and cytosolic RNA, respectively. The apoprotein product obtained by translation in a mRNA-dependent cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate and also by DNA-programmed transcription-translation of cloned plastid DNA fragments inE. coli lysates was indistinguishable immunologically and electrophoretically from the authentic protein. However, the product immunologically related to subunit 2 was 4 kd larger than the mature compound indicating that this protein is encoded in the nucleus and synthesized as a precursor.The gene for the P700 chlorophylla apoprotein has been physically mapped on the spinach plastid chromosome by hybrid selection mapping and DNA-programmed cell-free transcription-translation using cloned restriction fragments of plastid DNA. There is one gene copy per chromosome and it is located centrally in the large single-copy region of the circular DNA molecule. This gene is uninterrupted and is transcribed in the same direction as that of the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Its transcript is approximately 4 kb longer than the 2 kbp structural gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Westhoff
- Botanisches Institut der Universität, 4, Düsseldorf 1, F.R.G
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