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Saini H, Thakur R, Gill R, Tyagi K, Goswami M. CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing approaches in plant breeding. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-17. [PMID: 37725519 PMCID: PMC10512805 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2256930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is recently developed robust genome editing technology for accelerating plant breeding. Various modifications of this editing system have been established for adaptability in plant varieties as well as for its improved efficiency and portability. This review provides an in-depth look at the various strategies for synthesizing gRNAs for efficient delivery in plant cells, including chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription. It also covers traditional analytical tools and emerging developments in detection methods to analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation in plant breeding. Additionally, the review outlines the various analytical tools which are used to detect and analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutations, such as next-generation sequencing, restriction enzyme analysis, and southern blotting. Finally, the review discusses emerging detection methods, including digital PCR and qPCR. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for transforming agriculture and opening avenues for new advancements in the system for gene editing in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Saini
- School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- School of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajneesh Thakur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rubina Gill
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely professional university, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Tyagi
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manika Goswami
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Mardini M, Ermolaev A, Khrustaleva L. Hidden Pitfalls of Using Onion Pollen in Molecular Research. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1065-1072. [PMID: 36826015 PMCID: PMC9955844 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little information on the use of pollen in molecular research, despite the increased interest in genome editing by pollen-mediated transformation. This paper presents an essential toolbox of technical procedures and observations for molecular studies on onion (Allium cepa L.) pollen. PCR is a useful tool as an express method to evaluate editing results before pollination. A direct PCR protocol for pollen suspension has been adapted without needing DNA pre-extraction. We showed that the outer layer of lipids known as pollenkitt is a limiting factor for successful PCR on pollen. A simple pre-washing step of pollen suspension was able to eliminate the pollenkitt and enormously affect the PCR results. Additionally, our pollenkitt study helped us develop a simple and effective pollination method using wetted onion pollen grains. Classical manual pollination usually is conducted by intact pollen without wetting. Most existing methods of the editing system delivery into pollen are carried out in a wet medium with consequent drying before pollination, which adversely affects the viability of pollen. The optimal medium for wet pollination was 12% sucrose water solution. Our method of using wetted pollen grains for pollination might be very beneficial for pollen genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Mardini
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), 49, Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Ermolaev
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), 49, Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Str. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Khrustaleva
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), 49, Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Seed Production of Garden Plants, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RSAU-MTAA), 49, Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskay 42 Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or
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Wang ZP, Zhang ZB, Zheng DY, Zhang TT, Li XL, Zhang C, Yu R, Wei JH, Wu ZY. Efficient and genotype independent maize transformation using pollen transfected by DNA-coated magnetic nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1145-1156. [PMID: 35419850 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current gene delivery methods for maize are limited to specific genotypes and depend on time-consuming and labor-intensive tissue culture techniques. Here, we report a new method to transfect maize that is culture-free and genotype independent. To enhance efficiency of DNA entry and maintain high pollen viability of 32%-55%, transfection was performed at cool temperature using pollen pretreated to open the germination aperture (40%-55%). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with DNA encoding either red fluorescent protein (RFP), β-glucuronidase gene (GUS), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or bialaphos resistance (bar) was delivered into pollen grains, and female florets of maize inbred lines were pollinated. Red fluorescence was detected in 22% transfected pollen grains, and GUS stained 55% embryos at 18 d after pollination. Green fluorescence was detected in both silk filaments and immature kernels. The T1 generation of six inbred lines showed considerable EGFP or GUS transcripts (29%-74%) quantitated by polymerase chain reaction, and 5%-16% of the T1 seedlings showed immunologically active EGFP or GUS protein. Moreover, 1.41% of the bar transfected T1 plants were glufosinate resistant, and heritable bar gene was integrated into the maize genome effectively as verified by DNA hybridization. These results demonstrate that exogenous DNA could be delivered efficiently into elite maize inbred lines recalcitrant to tissue culture-mediated transformation and expressed normally through our genotype-independent pollen transfection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhong-Bao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Deng-Yu Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiang-Long Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Rong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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Kausch AP, Wang K, Kaeppler HF, Gordon-Kamm W. Maize transformation: history, progress, and perspectives. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:38. [PMID: 37309443 PMCID: PMC10236110 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize functional genomics research and genetic improvement strategies have been greatly accelerated and refined through the development and utilization of genetic transformation systems. Maize transformation is a composite technology based on decades' efforts in optimizing multiple factors involving microbiology and physical/biochemical DNA delivery, as well as cellular and molecular biology. This review provides a historical reflection on the development of maize transformation technology including the early failures and successful milestones. It also provides a current perspective on the understanding of tissue culture responses and their impact on plant regeneration, the pros and cons of different DNA delivery methods, the identification of a palette of selectable/screenable markers, and most recently the development of growth-stimulating or morphogenic genes to improve efficiencies and extend the range of transformable genotypes. Steady research progress in these interdependent components has been punctuated by benchmark reports celebrating the progress in maize transformation, which invariably relied on a large volume of supporting research that contributed to each step and to the current state of the art. The recent explosive use of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has heightened the demand for higher transformation efficiencies, especially for important inbreds, to support increasingly sophisticated and complicated genomic modifications, in a manner that is widely accessible. These trends place an urgent demand on taking maize transformation to the next level, presaging a new generation of improvements on the horizon. Once realized, we anticipate a near-future where readily accessible, genotype-independent maize transformation, together with advanced genomics, genome editing, and accelerated breeding, will contribute to world agriculture and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P. Kausch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI 02892 USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Heidi F. Kaeppler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Sandhya D, Jogam P, Allini VR, Abbagani S, Alok A. The present and potential future methods for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 components in plants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32638190 PMCID: PMC7340682 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is a DNA manipulation tool for trait improvement. This technology has been demonstrated and successfully applied to edit the genome in various species of plants. The delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components within rigid plant cells is very crucial for high editing efficiency. Here, we insight the strengths and weaknesses of each method of delivery. MAIN TEXT The mutation efficiency of genome editing may vary and affected by different factors. Out of various factors, the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into cells and genome is vital. The way of delivery defines whether the edited plant is transgenic or transgene-free. In many countries, the transgenic approach of improvement is a significant limitation in the regulatory approval of genetically modified crops. Gene editing provides an opportunity for generating transgene-free edited genome of the plant. Nevertheless, the mode of delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 component is of crucial importance for genome modification in plants. Different delivery methods such as Agrobacterium-mediated, bombardment or biolistic method, floral-dip, and PEG-mediated protoplast are frequently applied to crops for efficient genome editing. CONCLUSION We have reviewed different delivery methods with prons and cons for genome editing in plants. A novel nanoparticle and pollen magnetofection-mediated delivery systems which would be very useful in the near future. Further, the factors affecting editing efficiency, such as the promoter, transformation method, and selection pressure, are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulam Sandhya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana India
| | - Phanikanth Jogam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana India
| | | | | | - Anshu Alok
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ramkumar TR, Lenka SK, Arya SS, Bansal KC. A Short History and Perspectives on Plant Genetic Transformation. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2124:39-68. [PMID: 32277448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation is an important technological advancement in modern science, which has not only facilitated gaining fundamental insights into plant biology but also started a new era in crop improvement and commercial farming. However, for many crop plants, efficient transformation and regeneration still remain a challenge even after more than 30 years of technical developments in this field. Recently, FokI endonuclease-based genome editing applications in plants offered an exciting avenue for augmenting crop productivity but it is mainly dependent on efficient genetic transformation and regeneration, which is a major roadblock for implementing genome editing technology in plants. In this chapter, we have outlined the major historical developments in plant genetic transformation for developing biotech crops. Overall, this field needs innovations in plant tissue culture methods for simplification of operational steps for enhancing the transformation efficiency. Similarly, discovering genes controlling developmental reprogramming and homologous recombination need considerable attention, followed by understanding their role in enhancing genetic transformation efficiency in plants. Further, there is an urgent need for exploring new and low-cost universal delivery systems for DNA/RNA and protein into plants. The advancements in synthetic biology, novel vector systems for precision genome editing and gene integration could potentially bring revolution in crop-genetic potential enhancement for a sustainable future. Therefore, efficient plant transformation system standardization across species holds the key for translating advances in plant molecular biology to crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakku R Ramkumar
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar S Arya
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C Bansal
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Zhao X, Meng Z, Wang Y, Chen W, Sun C, Cui B, Cui J, Yu M, Zeng Z, Guo S, Luo D, Cheng JQ, Zhang R, Cui H. Pollen magnetofection for genetic modification with magnetic nanoparticles as gene carriers. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:956-964. [PMID: 29180813 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification plays a vital role in breeding new crops with excellent traits. Almost all the current genetic modification methods require regeneration from tissue culture, involving complicated, long and laborious processes. In particular, many crop species such as cotton are difficult to regenerate. Here, we report a novel transformation platform technology, pollen magnetofection, to directly produce transgenic seeds without regeneration. In this system, exogenous DNA loaded with magnetic nanoparticles was delivered into pollen in the presence of a magnetic field. Through pollination with magnetofected pollen, transgenic plants were successfully generated from transformed seeds. Exogenous DNA was successfully integrated into the genome, effectively expressed and stably inherited in the offspring. Our system is culture-free and genotype independent. In addition, it is simple, fast and capable of multi-gene transformation. We envision that pollen magnetofection can transform almost all crops, greatly facilitating breeding processes of new varieties of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jerry Q Cheng
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yadava P, Abhishek A, Singh R, Singh I, Kaul T, Pattanayak A, Agrawal PK. Advances in Maize Transformation Technologies and Development of Transgenic Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1949. [PMID: 28111576 PMCID: PMC5216042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the principal grain crop of the world. It is also the crop where genetic engineering has been employed to a great extent to improve its various traits. The ability to transform maize is a crucial step for application of gene technology in maize improvement. There have been constant improvements in the maize transformation technologies over past several years. The choice of genotype and the explant material to initiate transformation and the different types of media to be used in various stages of tissue culture can have significant impact on the outcomes of the transformation efforts. Various methods of gene transfer, like the particle bombardment, protoplast transformation, Agrobacterium-mediated, in planta transformation, etc., have been tried and improved over years. Similarly, various selection systems for retrieval of the transformants have been attempted. The commercial success of maize transformation and transgenic development is unmatched by any other crop so far. Maize transformation with newer gene editing technologies is opening up a fresh dimension in transformation protocols and work-flows. This review captures the various past and recent facets in improvement in maize transformation technologies and attempts to present a comprehensive updated picture of the current state of the art in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Yadava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Maize ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Alok Abhishek
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Maize ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Reeva Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Maize ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Maize ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Tanushri Kaul
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Arunava Pattanayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan SansthanAlmora, India
| | - Pawan K. Agrawal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Agricultural Science FundNew Delhi, India
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Yang L, Cui G, Wang Y, Hao Y, Du J, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang H, Wu SB, Sun Y. Expression of Foreign Genes Demonstrates the Effectiveness of Pollen-Mediated Transformation in Zea mays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:383. [PMID: 28377783 PMCID: PMC5359326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation has arguably been the core of plant improvement in recent decades. Efforts have been made to develop in planta transformation systems due to the limitations present in the tissue-culture-based methods. Herein, we report an improved in planta transformation system, and provide the evidence of reporter gene expression in pollen tube, embryos and stable transgenicity of the plants following pollen-mediated plant transformation with optimized sonication treatment of pollen. The results showed that the aeration at 4°C treatment of pollen grains in sucrose prior to sonication significantly improved the pollen viability leading to improved kernel set and transformation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the removal of operculum covering pollen pore by ultrasonication might be one of the reasons for the pollen grains to become competent for transformation. Evidences have shown that the eGfp gene was expressed in the pollen tube and embryos, and the Cry1Ac gene was detected in the subsequent T1 and T2 progenies, suggesting the successful transfer of the foreign genes to the recipient plants. The Southern blot analysis of Cry1Ac gene in T2 progenies and PCR-identified Apr gene segregation in T2 seedlings confirmed the stable inheritance of the transgene. The outcome illustrated that the pollen-mediated genetic transformation system can be widely applied in the plant improvement programs with apparent advantages over tissue-culture-based transformation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal UniversityLinfen, China
| | - Guimei Cui
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Yaoshan Hao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Changbiao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, ArmidaleNSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yi Sun, Shu-Biao Wu,
| | - Yi Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of AgricultureTaiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Sun, Shu-Biao Wu,
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Eapen S. Pollen grains as a target for introduction of foreign genes into plants: an assessment. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23572990 PMCID: PMC3550569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-010-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of foreign genes and development of transgenic plants have become an integral part of crop improvement programmes in the last decade. However, most of the present day plant transformation protocols require long periods for development of transgenic plants and need skilled personnel. Development of alternate, simple and rapid transformation protocols for development of transgenic plants can overcome the constraints of in vitro culture, regeneration and associated problems. Pollen grains, due to their abundance and ease with which they can be handled are ideal targets for introduction of foreign genes into the germ line. However, progress in introduction of transgenes into pollen grains and their subsequent use in fertilization leading to development of transgenic plants are limited. With the recent progress made in understanding of pollen development along with reports of successful pollen-mediated transformation in important crop plants, it should be possible to extend this simple method of transformation to other crop plants. The review deals with development of pollen grains as a target for introduction of genes with special emphasis on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Eapen
- Plant Biotechnology and Secondary products Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
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Abstract
Until recently, gene transfer in plants was achieved only by sexual hybridization. Now, in addition, plant genetic manipulation, with the use of both recombinant DNA and protoplast fusion technology, is being applied to an increasing range of plants. The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, with its associated plasmid, is used as a vector for introducing DNA into the genomes of dicotyledonous plants, but it has not proved suitable for cereals. Instead, the direct uptake of plasmid DNA into cereal protoplasts is being used for the transformation of cells in rice, wheat, and maize. Transformation efficiencies, in some cases, are becoming comparable to those obtained in dicotyledons with Agrobacterium. In rice it is now possible to regenerate efficiently whole plants from protoplasts, and this capability may soon be extended to the other cereals. By means of direct interaction of cereal protoplasts with plasmids, coupled with improved procedures for the regeneration of plants from their protoplasts, gene transfer in the cereals is becoming established at the frontiers of recombinant DNA technology.
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12
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Rao AQ, Bakhsh A, Kiani S, Shahzad K, Shahid AA, Husnain T, Riazuddin S. The myth of plant transformation. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:753-763. [PMID: 19508888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Technology development is innovative to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops, and provided new solutions to solve specific needs. Development of procedures in cell biology to regenerate plants from single cells or organized tissue, and the discovery of novel techniques to transfer genes to plant cells provided the prerequisite for the practical use of genetic engineering in crop modification and improvement. Plant transformation technology has become an adaptable platform for cultivar improvement as well as for studying gene function in plants. This success represents the climax of years of efforts in tissue culture improvement, in transformation techniques and in genetic engineering. Plant transformation vectors and methodologies have been improved to increase the efficiency of transformation and to achieve stable expression of transgenes in plants. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of important issues related to plant transformation as well as advances made in transformation techniques during three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qayyum Rao
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Kiani
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Shahzad
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - S Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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13
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Vasil IK. A history of plant biotechnology: from the Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann to biotech crops. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1423-40. [PMID: 18612644 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant biotechnology is founded on the principles of cellular totipotency and genetic transformation, which can be traced back to the Cell Theory of Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, and the discovery of genetic transformation in bacteria by Frederick Griffith, respectively. On the 25th anniversary of the genetic transformation of plants, this review provides a historical account of the evolution of the theoretical concepts and experimental strategies that led to the production and commercialization of biotech (transformed or transgenic) plants expressing many useful genes, and emphasizes the beneficial effects of plant biotechnology on food security, human health, the environment, and conservation of biodiversity. In so doing, it celebrates and pays tribute to the contributions of scores of scientists who laid the foundation of modern plant biotechnology by their bold and unconventional thinking and experimentation. It highlights also the many important lessons to be learnt from the fascinating history of plant biotechnology, the significance of history in science teaching and research, and warns against the danger of the growing trends of ignoring history and historical illiteracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra K Vasil
- University of Florida, Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA.
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Wang J, Li Y, Liang C. Recovery of transgenic plants by pollen-mediated transformation in Brassica juncea. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:417-24. [PMID: 17701081 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aroA-M1 encoding the mutant of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) was introduced into the Brassica juncea genome by sonication-assisted, pollen-mediated transformation. The plasmid DNA and collected pollen grains were mixed in 0.3 mol/L sucrose solution and treated with mild ultrasonication. The treated pollen was then pollinated onto the oilseed stigmas after the stamens were removed artificially. Putative transgenic plants were obtained by screening germinating seeds on a medium containing glyphosate. Southern blot analysis of glyphosate-resistant plants indicated that the aroA-M1 gene had been integrated into the oilseed genome. Western blot analysis further confirmed that the EPSPS coded by aroA-M1 gene was expressed in transgenic plants. The transgenic plants exhibited increased resistance to glyphosate compared to untransformed plants. Some of those transgenic plants had considerably high resistance to glyphosate. The genetic analysis of T1 progeny further confirmed that the inheritance of the introduced genes followed the Mendelian rules. The results indicated that foreign genes can be transferred by pollen-mediated transformation combined with mild ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China.
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Vasil IK. Molecular genetic improvement of cereals: transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1133-54. [PMID: 17431631 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Only modest progress has been made in the molecular genetic improvement of wheat following the production of the first transgenic plants in 1992, made possible by the development of efficient, long-term regenerable embryogenic cultures derived from immature embryos and use of the biolistics method for the direct delivery of DNA into regenerable cells. Transgenic lines expressing genes that confer resistance to environmentally friendly non-selective herbicides, and pests and pathogens have been produced, in addition to lines with improved bread-making and nutritional qualities; some of these are ready for commercial production. Reduction of losses caused by weeds, pests and pathogens in such plants not only indirectly increases available arable land and fresh water supplies, but also conserves energy and natural resources. Nevertheless, the work carried out thus far can be considered only the beginning, as many difficult tasks lie ahead and much remains to be done. The challenge now is to produce higher-yielding varieties that are more nutritious, and are resistant or tolerant to a wide variety of biotic as well as abiotic stresses (especially drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity) that currently cause substantial losses in productivity. How well we will meet this challenge for wheat, and indeed for other cereal and non-cereal crops, will depend largely on establishing collaborative partnerships between breeders, molecular biologists, biotechnologists and industry, and on how effectively they make use of the knowledge and insights gained from basic studies in plant biology and genetics, the sequencing of plant/cereal genomes, the discovery of synteny in cereals, and the availability of DNA-based markers and increasingly detailed chromosomal maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra K Vasil
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA.
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Transformation of Pollen and microspores A review. IN VITRO HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN HIGHER PLANTS 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0477-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Vasil
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0690
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Comparison of different techniques for gene transfer into mature and immature tobacco pollen. Transgenic Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02513024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Plant Reproductive Biology: Trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Biswas BB. Prospects, perspectives, and problems of plant genetic engineering. Subcell Biochem 1991; 17:1-30. [PMID: 1796480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ottaviano E, Pè ME, Binelli G. Genetic manipulation of male gametophytic generation in higher plants. Subcell Biochem 1991; 17:107-42. [PMID: 1796482 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ottaviano
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Milan, Italy
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НАСЛЕДСТВЕНА ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТ ПРИ ЦАРЕВИЦАТА (ZEA MAYS L.), ИНДУЦИРАНА С ЕКЗОГЕННА ДИК ОТ ТЕОСИНТЕ (EUCHLAENA MEXICANA SHRÖD). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1991.10819388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Zygotic Embryo Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-88883-9.50020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ahokas H. Transfection of germinating barley seed electrophoretically with exogenous DNA. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 77:469-472. [PMID: 24232711 DOI: 10.1007/bf00274265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1988] [Accepted: 10/10/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for transfection (genetic transformation) of barley caryopsis electrophoretically with DNA. β-Glucuronidase activity was detected after the electrophoretic transfection with plasmid pBI221 DNA carrying the cauliflower mosaic virus promotor and bacterial β-glucuronidase coding sequence. Electrophoretic transfection is evidently effective with pieces of callus and seeds of many plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahokas
- Department of Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Arkadiankatu 7, SF-00100, Helsinki, Finland
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Ottaviano E, Mulcahy DL. Genetics of Angiosperm Pollen. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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In Vitro Genetic Manipulation of Cereals and Grasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-007906-3.50015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Feldmann KA, David Marks M. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of germinating seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana: A non-tissue culture approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00330414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Induction of Expression in and Stable Transformation of an Algal Cell by Nuclear Microinjection with Naked DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6977-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Sharp WR, Whitaker RJ, Sondahl MR, Evans DA, Bravo JE, Marsden JF, Orton RJ, Ramos LCS. Feature. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02638218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. R. Sharp
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - R. J. Whitaker
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - M. R. Sondahl
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - D. A. Evans
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - J. E. Bravo
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - J. F. Marsden
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
| | - R. J. Orton
- DNA Plant Technology Corp.; 2611 Branch Pike Cinnaminson NJ 08077
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