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Mohan C. The Long (and Sometimes Endless) Road to Murine Lupus Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4043-6. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Crampton SP, Morawski PA, Bolland S. Linking susceptibility genes and pathogenesis mechanisms using mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:1033-46. [PMID: 25147296 PMCID: PMC4142724 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a challenging autoimmune disease from a clinical perspective because of its varied forms of presentation. Although broad-spectrum steroids remain the standard treatment for SLE, they have many side effects and only provide temporary relief from the symptoms of the disease. Thus, gaining a deeper understanding of the genetic traits and biological pathways that confer susceptibility to SLE will help in the design of more targeted and effective therapeutics. Both human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and investigations using a variety of mouse models of SLE have been valuable for the identification of the genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis. In this Review, we link human susceptibility genes for SLE with biological pathways characterized in mouse models of lupus, and discuss how the mechanistic insights gained could advance drug discovery for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve P Crampton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Peter A Morawski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Sang A, Yin Y, Zheng YY, Morel L. Animal Models of Molecular Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 105:321-70. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394596-9.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Andrievskaia O, McRae H, Elmgren C, Huang H, Balachandran A, Nielsen K. Generation of antibodies against bovine recombinant prion protein in various strains of mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:98-105. [PMID: 16426006 PMCID: PMC1356621 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.1.98-105.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, belong to a group of neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals. To date, definite diagnosis of prion disease can only be made by analysis of tissue samples for the presence of protease-resistant misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the prion protein provide valuable tools for TSE diagnosis, as well as for basic research on these diseases. In this communication, the development of antibodies against recombinant bovine prion protein (brecPrP) in four strains of mice (BALB/c, ND4, SJL, and NZB/NZW F(1)) is described. Immunization of autoimmunity-prone NZB/NZW F(1) and SJL mice with brecPrP was applied to overcome self-tolerance against the prion protein. ND4 and SJL mice did not develop an immune response to brecPrP. BALB/c mice produced antibody titers of 1:1,000 to 1:1,500 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while NZB/NZW F(1) mice responded with titers of 1:7,000 to 1:11,000. A panel of 71 anti-brecPrP MAbs recognizing continuous and discontinuous epitopes was established from BALB/c and NZB/NZW F(1) mice. Seven anti-brecPrP MAbs reacted with both the cellular form of PrP and protease K-resistant PrP(Sc) from sheep brain in Western blot assays. The epitope specificity of these MAbs was determined, and applicability to immunohistochemical detection of prions was studied. The MAbs generated will be useful tools in the development of TSE immunochemical diagnosis and for research. This is the first report of the development of anti-PrP MAbs by use of autoimmune NZB/NZW F(1) mice as an alternative approach for the generation of PrP-specific MAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Andrievskaia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, OLF, 3851 Fallowfield Rd., Ottawa ON K2H 8P9, Canada.
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Subramanian S, Yim YS, Liu K, Tus K, Zhou XJ, Wakeland EK. Epistatic suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus: fine mapping of Sles1 to less than 1 mb. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:1062-72. [PMID: 16002707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sle is a susceptibility locus for systemic autoimmunity derived from the lupus-prone NZM2410 mouse. The New Zealand White-derived suppressive modifier Sles1 was identified as a specific modifier of Sle1 and prevents the development of IgG anti-chromatin autoantibodies mediated by Sle1 on the C57BL/6 (B6) background. Fine mapping of Sles1 with truncated congenic intervals localizes it to a approximately 956-kb segment of mouse chromosome 17. Sles1 completely abrogates the development of activated T and B cell populations in B6.Sle1. Despite this suppression of the Sle1-mediated cell surface activation phenotypes, B6.Sle1 Sles1 splenic B cells still exhibit intrinsic ERK phosphorylation. Classic genetic complementation tests using the nonautoimmmune 129/SvJ mouse suggests that this strain possesses a Sles1 allele complementary to that of New Zealand White, as evidenced by the lack of glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly, and antinuclear autoantibody production seen in (129 x B6.Sle1 Sles1)F(1)s. These findings localize and characterize the suppressive properties of Sles1 and implicate 129 as a useful strain for aiding in the identification of this elusive epistatic modifier gene.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Immunophenotyping
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Physical Chromosome Mapping/methods
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Suppression, Genetic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Subramanian
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Rahman ZSM, Tin SK, Buenaventura PNL, Ho CH, Yap EPH, Yong RYY, Koh DR. A novel susceptibility locus on chromosome 2 in the (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F1 hybrid mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:3042-9. [PMID: 11884477 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.6.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is inherited as a complex polygenic trait. (New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZW)) F(1) hybrid mice develop symptoms that remarkably resemble human SLE, but (NZB x PL/J)F(1) hybrids do not develop lupus. Our study was conducted using (NZW x PL/J)F(1) x NZB (BWP) mice to determine the effects of the PL/J and the NZW genome on disease. Forty-five percent of BWP female mice had significant proteinuria and 25% died before 12 mo of age compared with (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice in which >90% developed severe renal disease and died before 12 mo. The analysis of BWP mice revealed a novel locus (chi(2) = 25.0; p < 1 x 10(-6); log of likelihood = 6.6 for mortality) designated Wbw1 on chromosome 2, which apparently plays an important role in the development of the disease. We also observed that both H-2 class II (the u haplotype) and TNF-alpha (TNF(z) allele) appear to contribute to the disease. A suggestive linkage to proteinuria and death was found for an NZW allele (designated Wbw2) telomeric to the H-2 locus. The NZW allele that overlaps with the previously described locus Sle1c at the telomeric part of chromosome 1 was associated with antinuclear autoantibody production in the present study. Furthermore, the previously identified Sle and Lbw susceptibility loci were associated with an increased incidence of disease. Thus, multiple NZW alleles including the Wbw1 allele discovered in this study contribute to disease induction, in conjunction with the NZB genome, and the PL/J genome appears to be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Physiology, and Defense Medical Research Institute, Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Xie S, Chang S, Yang P, Jacob C, Kaliyaperumal A, Datta SK, Mohan C. Genetic contributions of nonautoimmune SWR mice toward lupus nephritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:7141-9. [PMID: 11739537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.7141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
(SWR x New Zealand Black (NZB))F(1) (or SNF(1)) mice succumb to lupus nephritis. Although several NZB lupus susceptibility loci have been identified in other crosses, the potential genetic contributions of SWR to lupus remain unknown. To ascertain this, a panel of 86 NZB x F(1) backcross mice was immunophenotyped and genome scanned. Linkage analysis revealed four dominant SWR susceptibility loci (H2, Swrl-1, Swrl-2, and Swrl-3) and a recessive NZB locus, Nba1. Early mortality was most strongly linked to the H2 locus on chromosome (Chr) 17 (log likelihood of the odds (LOD) = 4.59 - 5.38). Susceptibility to glomerulonephritis was linked to H2 (Chr 17, LOD = 2.37 - 2.70), Swrl-2 (Chr 14, 36 cM, LOD = 2.48 - 2.71), and Nba1 (Chr 4, 75 cM, LOD = 2.15 - 2.23). IgG antinuclear autoantibody development was linked to H2 (Chr 17, LOD = 4.92 - 5.48), Swrl-1 (Chr 1, 86 cM, colocalizing with Sle1 and Nba2, LOD = 2.89 - 2.91), and Swrl-3 (Chr 18, 14 cM, LOD = 2.07 - 2.13). For each phenotype, epistatic interaction of two to three susceptibility loci was required to attain the high penetrance levels seen in the SNF(1) strain. Although the SWR contributions H2, Swrl-1, and Swrl-2 map to loci previously mapped in other strains, often linked to very similar phenotypes, Swrl-3 appears to be a novel locus. In conclusion, lupus in the SNF(1) strain is truly polygenic, with at least four dominant contributions from the SWR strain. The immunological functions and molecular identities of these loci await elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xie
- Simmon's Arthritis Research Center and Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Rozzo SJ, Vyse TJ, David CS, Palmer E, Izui S, Kotzin BL. Analysis of MHC Class II Genes in the Susceptibility to Lupus in New Zealand Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hybrids of New Zealand Black (NZB) and New Zealand White (NZW) mice spontaneously develop a disease similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus. MHC and non-MHC genes contribute to disease susceptibility in this murine model. Multiple studies have shown that the NZW H2z locus is strongly associated with the development of lupus-like disease in these mice. The susceptibility gene(s) within H2z is not known, but different lines of evidence have pointed to class II MHC genes, either H2-E or H2-A (Ez or Az in NZW). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that Ez does not supplant H2z in the contribution to lupus-like disease. In the present work we generated C57BL/10 (B10) mice transgenic for Aaz and Abz genes (designated B10.Az mice) and used a (B10.Az × NZB)F1 × NZB backcross to assess the contributions of Az genes to disease. A subset of backcross mice produced high levels of IgG autoantibodies and developed severe nephritis. However, no autoimmune phenotype was linked to the Az transgenes. Surprisingly, in the same backcross mice, inheritance of H2b from the nonautoimmune B10 strain was strongly linked with both autoantibody production and nephritis. Taken together with our previous Ez studies, the present work calls into question the importance of class II MHC genes for lupus susceptibility in this model and provides new insight into the role of MHC in lupus-like autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Rozzo
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- †Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Chella S. David
- ‡Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ed Palmer
- §Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Shozo Izui
- ¶Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brian L. Kotzin
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- †Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Vyse TJ, Rozzo SJ, Drake CG, Appel VB, Lemeur M, Izui S, Palmer E, Kotzin BL. Contributions of Ea
z and Eb
z MHC Genes to Lupus Susceptibility in New Zealand Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike parental New Zealand Black (NZB) or New Zealand White (NZW) mice, (NZB × NZW)F1 mice exhibit a lupus-like disease characterized by IgG autoantibody production and severe immune complex-mediated nephritis. In studies of the genetic susceptibility to disease in this F1 model, the NZW MHC (H2z) has been strongly linked with the development of disease, and it was hypothesized that class II MHC genes, particularly Ez genes, may underlie this genetic contribution. In the present study, we bred transgenic B6 mice expressing I-Ez or congenic B6 mice carrying H2z with NZB mice and used a backcross analysis to test the hypothesis that Eaz and/or Ebz genes account for the effect of H2z on disease. The genetic analysis of different backcross combinations showed that unlike mice carrying H2z, mice inheriting Ez transgenes do not demonstrate increased IgG autoantibody production or increased incidence of nephritis. Surprisingly, in the same transgenic backcross mice, inheritance of the endogenous H2b from the B6 strain was strongly linked with the production of IgG autoantibodies, but not with disease. Additional experiments suggested that the level of IgG3 autoantibody production, which is controlled by H2, may be important in the pathogenesis of renal disease. Contributions to autoantibody production were also detected from an NZB locus on distal chromosome 1 (previously named Nba2). Together, these studies provide new insight into the role of MHC in lupus-like autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Vyse
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Stephen J. Rozzo
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Charles G. Drake
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Virginia B. Appel
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Marianne Lemeur
- †Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur, C.U. de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shozo Izui
- ‡Department of Pathology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ed Palmer
- §Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Brian L. Kotzin
- *Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- ¶Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Vyse TJ, Drake CG, Rozzo SJ, Roper E, Izui S, Kotzin BL. Genetic linkage of IgG autoantibody production in relation to lupus nephritis in New Zealand hybrid mice. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:1762-72. [PMID: 8878426 PMCID: PMC507614 DOI: 10.1172/jci118975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
F1 hybrids of New Zealand black (NZB) and New Zealand white (NZW) mice are a model of human systemic lupus erythematosus. These mice develop a severe immune com-plex-mediated nephritis, in which antinuclear autoantibodies are believed to play the major role. We used a genetic analysis of (NZB x NZW)F1 x NZW backcross mice to provide insight into whether different autoantibodies are subject to separate genetic influences and to determine which autoantibodies are most important in the development of lupus-like nephritis. The results showed one set of loci that coordinately regulated serum levels of IgG antibodies to double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, total histones, and chromatin, which overlapped with loci that were linked to the production of autoantibodies to the viral glycoprotein, gp70. Loci linked with anti-gp70 compared with antinuclear antibodies demonstrated the strongest linkage with renal disease, suggesting that autoantibodies to gp70 are the major pathogenic antibodies in this model of lupus nephritis. Interestingly, a distal chromosome 4 locus, Nba1, was linked with nephritis but not with any of the autoantibodies measured, suggesting that it contributes to renal disease at a checkpoint distal to autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Vyse
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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Drake CG, Rozzo SJ, Vyse TJ, Palmer E, Kotzin BL. Genetic contributions to lupus-like disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Immunol Rev 1995; 144:51-74. [PMID: 7590821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Drake
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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Gilkeson GS, Pippen AM, Pisetsky DS. Induction of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in preautoimmune NZB/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:1398-402. [PMID: 7883986 PMCID: PMC441482 DOI: 10.1172/jci117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of antigen drive in anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA production, the antibody response induced in lupus-prone NZB/NZW mice by E. coli (EC) dsDNA was evaluated. Preautoimmune NZB/NZW female mice were immunized with complexes of EC dsDNA with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant; control mice received either mBSA complexes with calf thymus (CT) dsDNA or mBSA alone in adjuvant. IgG antibody responses were assessed by ELISA. Similar to normal mice, immunized NZB/NZW mice produced significant levels of anti-dsDNA when measured with EC dsDNA as antigen. Whereas normal mice produce antibodies which are specific for the immunizing bacterial DNA, NZB/NZW mice produced antibodies that bound crossreactively to CT dsDNA by ELISA. Furthermore, the induced antibodies resembled lupus anti-DNA in their fine specificity for polynucleotide antigens and reactivity with Crithidia luciliae DNA. Despite their response to EC dsDNA, NZB/NZW mice immunized with CT dsDNA failed to generate significant anti-dsDNA responses. These results provide further evidence for the enhanced immunogenicity of bacterial DNA and suggest that immune cell abnormalities in NZB/NZW mice promote the generation of crossreactive autoantibody responses when confronted with a foreign DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gilkeson
- Medical Research Service, Durham VA Medical Center, North Carolina 27705
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Horwitz DA, Jacob CO. The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and possible therapeutic implications. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1994; 16:181-200. [PMID: 7716704 DOI: 10.1007/bf00197516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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Drake CG, Babcock SK, Palmer E, Kotzin BL. Genetic analysis of the NZB contribution to lupus-like autoimmune disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:4062-6. [PMID: 8171035 PMCID: PMC43723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.9.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus-like autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice is frequently marked by the development of a severe and fatal renal disease. Genes from both NZB and NZW parents are required for the full expression of disease. We applied a mapping technique based on polymorphism in simple sequence repeats to the analysis of (NZB x NZW)F1 x NZW backcross mice to determine the NZB genetic contribution to disease. The results show that a single NZB locus or tightly linked group of loci on the distal part of chromosome 4 provides the strongest association with renal disease and death. This locus, designated here as nba-1 (New Zealand Black autoimmunity), lies distal to the locus elp-1, 60-70 centimorgans from the centromere. It is of interest that a gene encoding a receptor for tumor necrosis factor maps to the vicinity of this disease-associated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Drake
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rees
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
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Leiter EH. The NOD Mouse: A Model for Analyzing the Interplay Between Heredity and Environment in Development of Autoimmune Disease. ILAR J 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar.35.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rolink
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
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Watson ML, Rao JK, Gilkeson GS, Ruiz P, Eicher EM, Pisetsky DS, Matsuzawa A, Rochelle JM, Seldin MF. Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestations and renal disease-modifying loci. J Exp Med 1992; 176:1645-56. [PMID: 1460423 PMCID: PMC2119463 DOI: 10.1084/jem.176.6.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In MRL mice, the mostly recessive lpr mutation results in both the accumulation of CD4-, CD8-, CD3+ T cells in lymphoid tissue and many features of generalized autoimmune disease, including immune complex glomerulonephritis. To positionally clone the lpr mutation and analyze the effects of background genes, backcross offspring were examined from the cross: (MRL/MpJ-lpr x CAST/Ei)F1 x MRL/MpJ-lpr. The lpr gene was found to be closely linked to a mouse chromosome 19 marker defined by a variation of a Fas gene restriction fragment. Our results identified differences in RNA expression and differences in the genomic organization of the Fas gene between normal and lpr mice, and confirm the recent report that a mutation in the Fas apoptosis gene is the lpr mutation. However, our results also indicate that the Fas gene is expressed in spleen cells from normal mice, and spleen and lymph node cells from mice with a second mutation at the lpr locus (lprcg). Together these results suggest that altered Fas transcription results in the failure of lymphocytes to undergo programmed cell death and may lead to an altered immune cell repertoire. This mechanism may explain certain central and peripheral defects in tolerance that are present in autoimmune disease. The current study also demonstrates the profound effect of background genes on the degree of nephritis, lymphadenopathy, and anti-DNA antibody production. Of major note, our studies suggest the identification of chromosomal positions for genes that modify nephritis. Analysis of the backcross mice for markers covering most of the mouse genome suggests that over 50% of the variance in renal disease is attributable to quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes 7 and 12. Moreover, this study provides a model for dissecting the complex genetic interactions that result in manifestations of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Watson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Reininger L, Radaszkiewicz T, Kosco M, Melchers F, Rolink AG. Development of autoimmune disease in SCID mice populated with long-term "in vitro" proliferating (NZB x NZW)F1 pre-B cells. J Exp Med 1992; 176:1343-53. [PMID: 1402680 PMCID: PMC2119422 DOI: 10.1084/jem.176.5.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B cell lines proliferating for several months on stromal cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) were established from fetal liver of (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. They express the B lineage-specific markers PB76, B220, and VpreB, but do not express surface immunoglobulin (sIg). Upon removal of IL-7 from the culture, they differentiate to sIg+ B cells that can then be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to become IgM-secreting cells. Transfer of these pre-B cell lines into SCID mice leads to hypergammaglobulinemia of IgM (600-900 micrograms/ml), IgG2a (1-3 mg/ml), and IgG3 (300-500 micrograms/ml) for the next 3-5 mo. The spleen appears populated with (NZB x NZW)F1-derived pre-B cells, few B cells, and many IgM and/or IgG-producing plasma cells. In contrast, SCID mice populated with pre-B cell lines of normal (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mouse fetal liver develop normal levels of serum IgM (approximately 100-300 micrograms/ml), almost no detectable levels of IgG, and no plasma cell hyperplasia. The (NZB x NZW)F1 pre-B cell-populated SCID mice contain elevated serum titers of IgG antinuclear autoantibodies, but no retroviral gp70-specific nor erythrocyte-specific autoantibodies. Up to 20% of the SCID mice develop proteinuria as a consequence of IgG deposits in the kidney glomeruli during a 7-mo period of observation. All signs of autoimmune disease seen in these mice are independent of the sex of the SCID host. This experimental system provides a distinction between the disease-determining (NZB x NZW)F1 genes, which are expressed in the B lymphocyte lineage and cause the development of the disease, from those expressed in other cell lineages which only modulate its progression.
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Hirose S, Tokushige K, Kinoshita K, Nozawa S, Saito J, Nishimura H, Shirai T. Contribution of the gene linked to the T cell receptor beta chain gene complex of NZW mice to the autoimmunity of (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:823-6. [PMID: 1826267 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830210343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the contribution to the autoimmune disease of (NZB x NZW)F1 (NZB/W) mice made by the T cell receptor beta (TcR beta) chain gene complex, or genes linked to it, that are derived from the NZW strain. For this we developed the NZW.TcR beta NZB strain, a NZW congenic line carrying the TcR beta of NZB type, and produced NZB x NZW.TcR beta NZB (NZB/W.TcR beta NZB)F1 mice. We compared the amounts of anti-DNA and anti-histone antibodies and also the severity of lupus nephritis in these mice with those in the original NZB/W F1 mice. We obtained evidence for significantly lower serum levels of autoantibodies to double-stranded and single-stranded DNA and histone, and a later onset and a lower incidence of proteinuria in the NZB/W.TcR beta NZB F1 mice than in the original NZB/W F1 mice. These findings clearly indicate that the gene(s) within or closely linked to the TcR beta chain gene complex on chromosome 6 of the NZW strain acts to intensify the feature of systemic lupus erythematosus in the NZB/W F1 strain. The significant relationship of this finding to the strict dependency of NZB/W F1 disease on the H-2d/H-2z heterozygosity is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NZB/genetics
- Proteinuria/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hirose
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Chiang BL, Cawley D, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME. The contribution of I-Abm12 to the production of autoantibodies to dsDNA. Autoimmunity 1991; 11:81-8. [PMID: 1669737 DOI: 10.3109/08916939109035138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of IgG autoantibodies to dsDNA in NZBxNZW F1 (NZB/W) and NZBxSWR F1 (SNF1) mice have been linked to specific alleles of MHC class II genes contributed by the NZW and SWR parents respectively. Recently, our laboratory has shown that the introduction of the bm12 mutation into NZB mice (NZB.H-2bm12) results in mice which are phenotypically similar to NZB/W F1 mice and, in particular, develop IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies. A variety of immune abnormalities have been described in autoimmune NZB (H-2d) mice. It is, however, unclear at present, whether all these abnormalities are due to the influence or effect of a single set of linked genes or due to multiple genes. It was reasoned that NZB.H-2bm12 mice provide a unique opportunity to examine this issue. Specifically, we bred a series of five different F1 colonies of mice: (a) NZB.H-2bm12/b F1; (b) NZB.H-2bm12/d F1; (c) NZB-H-2b/d F1; (d) NZB-H-2bm12 x B6.C-2bm12 F1 (NZB/B6.H-2bm12 F1); and (e) NZB x B6.C-H-2bm12 F1 (NZB/B6.H-2d/bm12 F1) mice. All groups of mice were serially followed for the appearance of IgM and IgG anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies, splenic CFU-B, spontaneous secretion of IgM, FMF analysis, proteinuria and survival. We report herein that H-2bm12 genes have a dominant influence on the appearance of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies. In contrast, antibodies to ssDNA, IgM secreting cells, CFU-B and Ly-1 B cells are linked to genes from the NZB background. Finally, we particularly note an absence of IgG antibodies to dsDNA in NZB-H-2b/d F1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Chiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis 95616
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Kroemer G, Andreu JL, Gonzalo JA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Martínez C. Interleukin-2, autotolerance, and autoimmunity. Adv Immunol 1991; 50:147-235. [PMID: 1950796 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kroemer
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Jongeneel CV, Acha-Orbea H, Blankenstein T. A polymorphic microsatellite in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter identifies an allele unique to the NZW mouse strain. J Exp Med 1990; 171:2141-6. [PMID: 2351934 PMCID: PMC2187966 DOI: 10.1084/jem.171.6.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have amplified a (CA)n:(GT)n microsatellite from the TNF promoters of a panel of mouse strains using the polymerase chain reaction. The length of the microsatellites was polymorphic, with eight alleles observed among 15 inbred strains bearing seven distinct H-2 haplotypes, and four outbred strains. In B10 congenic strains, the TNF allele detected by microsatellite polymorphism segregated with the MHC, and in recombinant haplotypes (NOD, NZW), it segregated with H-2D. The TNF allele found in the NZW strain (H-2z) was distinct from those of all other haplotypes, consistent with the hypothesis that this strain may carry a genetic defect in TNF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Jongeneel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland
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