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Wesson JA, Zenka R, Sherman K, Eisenhauer J, Lulich J, Davis C. Comparison of cat stone matrix and cat urine proteomes to human calcium oxalate stone matrix and urine proteomes. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:130. [PMID: 39271505 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Cat calcium oxalate monohydrate kidney stone matrix proteome showed great similarity to human calcium oxalate monohydrate stone matrix proteome, but inference of mechanistic similarity was limited by the absence of cat urine proteomic data. In this study, urine proteome distributions were measured by the same methods in 7 healthy cats for comparison to both the published human urine and cat calcium oxalate stone matrix proteomes to assess for similar enrichment patterns in both species. Furthermore, proteomic distributions were determined in cat struvite stone matrix to test for similarity to calcium oxalate monohydrate stone matrix and urine proteomes. Cat urine proteins demonstrated a similar distribution of abundance as a function of isoelectric points or net charge to human urine samples, and consequently the similarly altered patterns of protein distributions seen in calcium oxalate monohydrate stone matrix seen from both cat and human stones likely derives from the same preferential adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the fact that protein abundance patterns seen in cat struvite stone matrix samples differ from both urine and calcium oxalate monohydrate stone matrix proteomes in systematic ways suggests that a combination of protein-protein and protein crystal interactions underly the formation of the crystal aggregates that comprise stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Wesson
- Consultant Care Division/Nephrology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Roman Zenka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Katherine Sherman
- Research Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (70), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Jessica Eisenhauer
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jody Lulich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Minnesota Urolith Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Carley Davis
- Department of Urology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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2
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Sørensen ES, Christensen B. Milk Osteopontin and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112423. [PMID: 37299387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein found in all vertebrates. OPN is expressed in many different cell types, and is consequently found in most tissues and physiological secretions. OPN is involved in a multitude of biological processes, such as activation and regulation of the immune system; biomineralization; tissue-transformative processes, including growth and development of the gut and brain; interaction with bacteria; and many more. OPN is found in the highest concentrations in milk, where it is believed to initiate and regulate developmental, immunological and physiological processes in infants who consume milk. Processes for the isolation of bovine OPN for use in infant formula have been developed, and in recent years, many studies have investigated the effects of the intake of milk OPN. The purpose of this article is to review and compare existing knowledge about the structure and function of milk OPN, with a particular focus on the effects of milk OPN on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Eidi M, Ashjazadeh L. Anti-urolithiatic effect of Cucumis melo L. var inodorous in male rats with kidney stones. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:45. [PMID: 36881140 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Melon seed extracts have high antioxidant activities and are effective against a variety of diseases, including kidney stones. In kidney stone model rats, the anti-urolithiatic effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed and potassium citrate were studied and compared. After urolithiasis induction by ethylene glycol, the extract and potassium citrate were treated orally for 38 days concurrent with ethylene glycol. Then, urine and kidney sampling were done, and the urinary parameter levels were measured. The melon and potassium citrate treatments reduced the kidney index, the levels of urinary calcium and oxalate, calcium oxalate deposit numbers, the score of crystal deposits, histo-pathological damages, and the score of inflammation in the kidney sections, while elevating the urinary pH, magnesium, and citrate levels, and also the expression of the UMOD, spp1, and reg1 genes in the kidney of treated animals. The effect of potassium citrate is the same as the effect of melon in treated animals. So, their effects could be by normalizing urinary parameters, reducing crystal deposits, excreting small deposits from the kidney, reducing the chance of them being retained in the urinary tract, and elevating the expression of the UMOD, spp1, and reg1 genes, which are involved in kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eidi
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
| | - Leila Ashjazadeh
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Adelnia H, Sirous F, Blakey I, Ta HT. Metal ion chelation of poly(aspartic acid): From scale inhibition to therapeutic potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:974-993. [PMID: 36584782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) is a biodegradable, biocompatible water-soluble synthetic anionic polypeptide. PASP has shown a strong affinity and thus robust complexation with heavy and alkaline earth metal ions, from which several applications are currently benefiting, and several more could also originate. This paper discusses different areas where the ion chelation ability of PASP has thus far been exploited. Due to its calcium chelation ability, PASP prevents precipitation of calcium salts and hence is widely used as an effective scale inhibitor in industry. Due to potassium chelation, PASP prevents precipitation of potassium tartrate and is employed as an efficient and edible stabilizer for wine preservation. Due to iron chelation, PASP inhibits corrosion of steel surfaces in harsh environments. Due to chelation, PASP can also enhance stability of various colloidal systems that contain metal ions. The chelation ability of PASP alleviated the toxicity of heavy metals in Zebrafish, inhibited the formation of kidney stones and dissolved calcium phosphate which is the main mineral of the calcified vasculature. These findings and beyond, along with the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the polymer could direct future investigations towards chelation therapy by PASP and other novel and undiscovered areas where metal ions play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Adelnia
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fariba Sirous
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Bioscience Discipline, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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5
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Wesson JA, Zenka R, Lulich J, Eisenhauer J, Davis C. Comparison of cat and human calcium oxalate monohydrate kidney stone matrix proteomes. Urolithiasis 2022; 50:653-664. [PMID: 36180755 PMCID: PMC10173728 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite its critical nature, the role of matrix in calcium oxalate stone formation is poorly understood. The wide diversity of proteins comprising matrix has contributed to the ambiguity. This study compares the protein distributions measured by mass spectrometry in human calcium oxalate stone matrix to that observed in cat stone matrix, because cats share many clinical characteristics of their stone disease with humans. The observed protein distributions were analyzed in the context of a recent model based on the aggregation of strongly anionic and strongly cationic proteins which includes selective adsorption of other proteins based on total charge. Matrix protein distributions shared many common features between species, including enrichment of both strongly anionic and strongly cationic proteins, increased total charge in matrix proteins compared to urine proteins, and a high degree of similarity of prominent strongly anionic proteins in the matrix of both species. However, there was weaker overlap of the specific dominant proteins in other regions of the net charge distribution. Collectively, these observations support the conceptual model where the strongly anionic proteins associate most strongly with the calcium oxalate crystal surfaces, while the other proteins associate with the strongly anionic proteins through non-specific, charge interactions with each other to create stones. Also, cats appear to be the best animal model of human stone disease identified to date based on these similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Wesson
- Consultant Care Division/Nephrology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Roman Zenka
- Artifical Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jody Lulich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Minnesota Urolith Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Eisenhauer
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Carley Davis
- Department of Urology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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6
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Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:783. [PMID: 35922481 PMCID: PMC9349198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and its recurrence rate within the first 5 years is over 50%. No treatments that prevent the occurrence/recurrence of stones have reached the clinic. Here, we show that AIM (also called CD5L) suppresses stone development and improves stone-associated physical damages. The N-terminal domain of AIM associates with calcium oxalate crystals via charge-based interaction to impede the development of stones, whereas the 2nd and C-terminal domains capture the inflammatory DAMPs to promote their phagocytic removal. Accordingly, when stones were induced by glyoxylate in mice, recombinant AIM (rAIM) injection dramatically reduced stone development. Expression of injury molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney and overall renal dysfunction were abrogated by rAIM. Among various negatively charged substances, rAIM was most effective in stone prevention due to its high binding affinity to crystals. Furthermore, only AIM was effective in improving the physical complaints including bodyweight-loss through its DAMPs removal effect. We also found that tubular KIM-1 may remove developed stones. Our results could be the basis for the development of a comprehensive therapy against kidney stone disease. The circulating protein apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces kidney stone development and prevents build up, providing the basis for kidney stone disease therapy.
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7
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Zhu J, Yu X, Wang Y, Bai S, Lai J, Tong X, Xing Y. Longitudinal changes of lactopontin (milk osteopontin) in term and preterm human milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962802. [PMID: 35967792 PMCID: PMC9372532 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactopontin (LPN) in breast milk, also known as milk osteopontin is thought to play a myriad of important roles in infants when they are immature. The purpose of the present study was to examine the longitudinal changes in LPN concentrations in term and preterm milk, and elucidate the links between maternal characteristics, LPN levels, and child growth in a birth cohort. Methods 131 mothers who delivered term, moderate-late preterm (MPT), very preterm (VPT), and extremely preterm (EPT) infants were included, milk samples were collected at 7, 14, 28, and 120 days postpartum. LPN concentration was determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results Our results indicated that LPN change over time of VPT (P = 0.024) and EPT (P = 0.003) were significantly different from term milk, although they all gradually decreased with lactation. In terms of LPN-related factors, maternal age was a significant contributor in late mature milk and pre-pregnancy BMI a significant contributor to colostrum and transitional milk. We further investigated relationships between LPN levels and infant weight and our results suggested that high levels of LPN in breast milk might be useful for the catch-up growth of infants. Conclusion LPN levels in breast milk are related to maternal factors, and differences in LPN levels may affect the growth of infants. As milk is a critical part in the mother-breastmilk-infant "triad," the association between maternal-infant factors and milk LPN levels warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Tamma G, Di Mise A, Ranieri M, Centrone M, Venneri M, D'Agostino M, Ferrulli A, Šimunič B, Narici M, Pisot R, Valenti G. Early Biomarkers of Altered Renal Function and Orthostatic Intolerance During 10-day Bedrest. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858867. [PMID: 35514354 PMCID: PMC9065601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to actual or simulated microgravity results in alterations of renal function, fluid redistribution, and bone loss, which is coupled to a rise of urinary calcium excretion. We provided evidence that high calcium delivery to the collecting duct reduces local Aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-mediated water reabsorption under vasopressin action, thus limiting the maximal urinary concentration to reduce calcium saturation. To investigate early renal adaptation into simulated microgravity, we investigated the effects of 10 days of strict bedrest in 10 healthy volunteers. We report here that 10 days of inactivity are associated with a transient, significant decrease (day 5) in vasopressin (copeptin) paralleled by a decrease in AQP2 excretion, consistent with an increased central volume to the heart, resulting in reduced water reabsorption. Moreover, bedrest caused a significant increase in calciuria secondary to bone demineralization paralleled by a decrease in PTH. Urinary osteopontin, a glycoprotein exerting a protective effect on stone formation, was significantly reduced during bedrest. Moreover, a significant increase in adrenomedullin (day 5), a peptide with vasodepressor properties, was observed at day 5, which may contribute to the known reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest. We conclude that renal function is altered in simulated microgravity and is associated with an early increase in the risk of stone formation and reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest within a few days of inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Agostino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rado Pisot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Hong SY, Xia QD, Xu JZ, Liu CQ, Sun JX, Xun Y, Wang SG. Identification of the pivotal role of SPP1 in kidney stone disease based on multiple bioinformatics analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 35016690 PMCID: PMC8751247 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a multifactorial disease involving both environmental and genetic factors, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the hub genes related to stone formation that could serve as potential therapeutic targets. Methods Based on the GSE73680 dataset with 62 samples, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Randall’s plaque (RP) tissues and normal tissues were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify key modules associated with KSD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological functions. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. Meanwhile, CIBERSORT and ssGSEA analysis were used to estimate the infiltration level of the immune cells. The correlations between hub genes and immune infiltration levels were also investigated. Finally, the top hub gene was selected for further GSEA analysis. Results A total of 116 DEGs, including 73 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated genes, were screened in the dataset. The red module was identified as the key module correlated with KSD. 53 genes were obtained for functional enrichment analysis by taking the intersection of DEGs and genes in the red module. GO analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix organization (ECM) and extracellular structure organization, and others. KEGG analysis revealed that the pathways of aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, cell adhesion molecules, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and ECM-receptor interaction were enriched. Through PPI network construction, 30 hub genes were identified. CIBERSORT analysis revealed a significantly increased proportion of M0 macrophages, while ssGSEA revealed no significant differences. Among these hub genes, SPP1, LCN2, MMP7, MUC1, SCNN1A, CLU, SLP1, LAMC2, and CYSLTR2 were positively correlated with macrophages infiltration. GSEA analysis found that positive regulation of JNK activity was enriched in RP tissues with high SPP1 expression, while negative regulation of IL-1β production was enriched in the low-SPP1 subgroup. Conclusions There are 30 hub genes associated with KSD, among which SPP1 is the top hub gene with the most extensive links with other hub genes. SPP1 might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of KSD, which is expected to become a potential therapeutic target, while its interaction with macrophages in KSD needs further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01157-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Yuan Hong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen-Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Tian Y, Tirrell M, Davis C, Wesson JA. Protein primary structure correlates with calcium oxalate stone matrix preference. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257515. [PMID: 34555074 PMCID: PMC8459966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the apparent importance of matrix proteins in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation, the complexity of the protein mixture continues to elude explanation. Based on a series of experiments, we have proposed a model where protein aggregates formed from a mixture containing both strongly charged polyanions and strongly charged polycations could initiate calcium oxalate crystal formation and crystal aggregation to create a stone. These protein aggregates also preferentially adsorb many weakly charged proteins from the urine to create a complex protein mixture that mimics the protein distributions observed in patient samples. To verify essential details of this model and identify an explanation for phase selectivity observed in weakly charged proteins, we have examined primary structures of major proteins preferring either the matrix phase or the urine phase for their contents of aspartate, glutamate, lysine and arginine; amino acids that would represent fixed charges at normal urine pH of 6-7. We verified enrichment in stone matrix of proteins with a large number of charged residues exhibiting extreme isoelectric points, both low (pI<5) and high (pI>9). We found that the many proteins with intermediate isoelectric points exhibiting preference for stone matrix contained a smaller number of charge residues, though still more total charges than the intermediate isoelectric point proteins preferring the urine phase. While other sources of charge have yet to be considered, protein preference for stone matrix appears to correlate with high total charge content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carley Davis
- Department of Urology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Wesson
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Cho KR, Lee JH, Seo HS, Ji Y, Park JH, Lee SE, Kim HW, Wu KJJ, Kulshreshtha P. Mechanistic Pathways for the Molecular Step Growth of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Revealed by In Situ Liquid-Phase Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37873-37882. [PMID: 34327985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal is the most common crystalline component of human kidney stones. The molecular-scale inhibitory mechanisms of COM crystal growth by urinary biomolecules such as citrate and osteopontin adsorbed onto the crystal surface are now well understood. However, the pathways by which dissolved calcium and oxalate ions are incorporated into the molecular step of the COM crystal surface, leading to COM crystal growth-a prerequisite to be elucidated for developing effective therapeutics to inhibit COM stones-remain unknown. Here, using in situ liquid-phase atomic microscopy along with a step kinetic model, we reveal the pathways of the calcium and oxalate ions into the COM molecular step via the growth speed analysis of the molecular steps with respect to their step width at the nanoscale. Our results show that, primarily, the ions are adsorbed onto the terrace of the crystal surface from the solution-the rate-controlling stage for the molecular step growth, i.e., COM crystal growth-and then diffuse over it and are eventually incorporated into the steps. This primary pathway of the ions is unaffected by the model peptide D-Asp6 adsorbed on the COM crystal surface, suggesting that urinary biomolecules will not alter the pathway. These new findings rendering an essential understanding of the fundamental growth mechanism of COM crystal at the nanoscale provide crucial insights beneficial to the development of effective therapeutics for COM kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Rae Cho
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seock Seo
- School of Naval Architecture Engineering and Ocean Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseong Ji
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hun Park
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sang-Eui Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuang Jen J Wu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Prashant Kulshreshtha
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Berger GK, Eisenhauer J, Vallejos A, Hoffmann B, Wesson JA. Exploring mechanisms of protein influence on calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:281-290. [PMID: 33587148 PMCID: PMC8316271 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-021-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals are the primary constituent of most kidney stones, but urine proteins in stone matrix are believed to be critical elements for stone formation from these crystals. Recent data have shown that hundreds of proteins appear in the stone matrix with no explanation for inclusion of so many proteins. We have proposed a stone formation model with protein stimulated COM aggregation based on polyanion-polycation aggregation, which is supported by finding that matrix is highly enriched in strongly anionic and strongly cationic proteins. Many other proteins may be drawn to such aggregates due to their limited solubility in water or charge effects. Finding similar protein enrichment in both polyarginine (pR) induced aggregates of urine proteins and COM stone matrix would support this hypothesis. Purified proteins (PP) were obtained from random urine samples of six healthy adults by ultradiafiltration. Protein aggregation was induced by adding pR to PP solutions at two concentrations; 0.25 and 0.5 µg pR/µg of PP. Samples of each fraction and the original PP mixture were lyophilized and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Aggregates induced by pR addition to PP samples collected a protein mixture that mimicked the protein distribution observed in COM matrix, supporting our hypothesis. The apparently discordant behavior of certain abundant anionic proteins preferentially joining the pR aggregate, when they had demonstrated reduced abundance in COM stone matrix, suggests that this model was overdriven to aggregate. The reversal of aggregate preference of albumin at low pR addition supports this interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett K Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Jessica Eisenhauer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Andrew Vallejos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Max McGee National Research Center, Cardiovascular Center, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Clinical Science and Translational Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Clinical Science and Translational Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Max McGee National Research Center, Cardiovascular Center, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry and Protein Chemistry, Protein Sciences, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Wesson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
- Consultant Care Division/Nephrology Section, Clement J. Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5000 W National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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13
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Jia Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yu H, Tong X. A literature review on lactopontin and its roles in early life. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1924-1931. [PMID: 34430441 PMCID: PMC8349962 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to review the functions and possible mechanisms of lactopontin (LPN) in early life. BACKGROUND Human milk proteins provide a variety of protection and health benefits in early life. One of these multifunctional proteins is LPN, which is osteopontin (OPN) derived from milk. METHODS Information used to write this paper was collected from Uniprot, PubMed, and Google Scholar, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS LPN is a highly phosphorylated, O-glycosylated acidic protein and a unique type of OPN, as it presents at the highest concentration and a higher degree of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in human milk than other tissues and excretions. LPN is present in milk and the intestinal tracts of infants after consumption as a mixture of intact protein and peptides, which can bind diverse integrin and receptors in the target cell and drive downstream signaling pathways. LPN is found to play important roles in developing the immune, intestinal and nervous systems in early life. Moreover, LPN has also shown to support preterm infants' health when they are especially vulnerable after delivery via animal studies. Additionally, LPN can form protein complex with another milk bioactive protein, lactoferrin (LF), to withstand proteolysis and perform more efficient biological activity. Therefore, LPN showed great potential for early life while more clinical trials and evidence are still emergying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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LITHOSCREEN: a comprehensive screening program and database for the assessment and treatment management of patients with kidney stones. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:387-397. [PMID: 34086105 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-021-01276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the LITHOSCREEN project was to construct a comprehensive screening program and database for recording and assessing the various risk factors for stone-formation in patients with urolithiasis. It is intended for use in Stone Clinics and is now being made available free of charge to researchers in the field who wish to maintain a comprehensive record of their patients' medical histories, demographic backgrounds, lifestyle activities, metabolic abnormalities, biochemical risk of forming stones of various types, diet histories, stone analysis and long-term treatment records. From the recorded data for each patient, the program automatically calculates numerous functions important in the understanding of the clinical and chemical risk factors for stone-formation, including the renal handling of the ions involved, various metabolic functions, the biochemical risk of forming kidney stones (PSF), the Tiselius Indices of the supersaturation of urine with respect to calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, the projected effects of changing the composition of each patient's urinary composition on the risk of stone recurrence, and a program for analysing the diet of patients. It automatically produces one-page Summaries of each patient's biochemical and dietary records with abnormal values highlighted according to a "traffic-light" colour-coding system and generates charts designed to improve patient compliance with treatment in the form of colour-coded "Target Diagrams" showing (a) the patient's 24-h urine composition, (b) the patient's biochemical risk of forming stones of different types and (c) the composition of the patient's diet. The Summary pages and "Target Diagrams" are suitable for inclusion in the patient's Case Notes. LITHOSCREEN also produces charts projecting the effect of changing the composition of urine on the patient's biochemical risk of forming further stones. These graphs provide clues as to which urinary risk factors to target to reduce the patient's risk of stone recurrence.
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15
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Li X, Wang L, Wang C, Tan C, Liu X, Zhu Y. Development and Biocompatibility Analysis of NBD Peptide Sustained- Release Microsphere Scaffold Nanoparticle SP-Sr-CaS/NBD. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:433-445. [PMID: 33198617 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999201116154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical treatment, it is difficult to carry out effective bone tissue transplantation and anti-inflammatory treatment at the same time due to bone defects and osteomyelitis where the tissue is contaminated or infected. As a downstream target of TNF-α, NF-κB has an inhibition effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cells surrounding the lesion. As a negative effect, it leads to a reduction in bone growth and development. METHODS In this study, the small molecule NBD polypeptide and bone conduction matrix Sr-CaS are microspheres, formed to prepare Sr-CaS, NBD drug-loaded sustained-release microspheres in order to achieve a Sr-CaS/NBD peptide drug-loaded sustained release microsphere scaffold material (SP-Sr-CaS/NBD). We prepared the microspheres and optimized the production process to obtain particles with stable morphological properties and sustained release properties. RESULT In vitro experiments demonstrated that SP-Sr-CaS/NBD could reduce TNF-α-induced cell growth inhibition, caspase-3 activity and NF-κB transcriptional activation as the function of continuous NBD peptide dosing regimen. CONCLUSION Also, the introduction of the Sr-CaS matrix potentiates microspheres to promote cell proliferation and provides a basis to become a promising 3D bone scaffold material in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- 8th Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- 15th Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Tan
- Radiology Department, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifaofang Liu
- 8th Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhu
- 8th Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 528000, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Hoac B, Østergaard M, Wittig NK, Boukpessi T, Buss DJ, Chaussain C, Birkedal H, Murshed M, McKee MD. Genetic Ablation of Osteopontin in Osteomalacic Hyp Mice Partially Rescues the Deficient Mineralization Without Correcting Hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2032-2048. [PMID: 32501585 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PHEX is predominantly expressed by bone and tooth-forming cells, and its inactivating mutations in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) lead to renal phosphate wasting and severe hypomineralization of bones and teeth. Also present in XLH are hallmark hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions (POLs, halos) that persist despite stable correction of serum phosphate (Pi ) that improves bulk bone mineralization. In XLH, mineralization-inhibiting osteopontin (OPN, a substrate for PHEX) accumulates in the extracellular matrix of bone. To investigate how OPN functions in Hyp mice (a model for XLH), double-null (Hyp;Opn-/- ) mice were generated. Undecalcified histomorphometry performed on lumbar vertebrae revealed that Hyp;Opn-/- mice had significantly reduced osteoid area/bone area (OV/BV) and osteoid thickness of trabecular bone as compared to Hyp mice, despite being as hypophosphatemic as Hyp littermate controls. However, tibias examined by synchrotron radiation micro-CT showed that mineral lacunar volumes remained abnormally enlarged in these double-null mice. When Hyp;Opn-/- mice were fed a high-Pi diet, serum Pi concentration increased, and OV/BV and osteoid thickness normalized, yet mineral lacunar area remained abnormally enlarged. Enpp1 and Ankh gene expression were increased in double-null mice fed a high-Pi diet, potentially indicating a role for elevated inhibitory pyrophosphate (PPi ) in the absence of OPN. To further investigate the persistence of POLs in Hyp mice despite stable correction of serum Pi , immunohistochemistry for OPN on Hyp mice fed a high-Pi diet showed elevated OPN in the osteocyte pericellular lacunar matrix as compared to Hyp mice fed a control diet. This suggests that POLs persisting in Hyp mice despite correction of serum Pi may be attributable to the well-known upregulation of mineralization-inhibiting OPN by Pi , and its accumulation in the osteocyte pericellular matrix. This study shows that OPN contributes to osteomalacia in Hyp mice, and that genetic ablation of OPN in Hyp mice improves the mineralization phenotype independent of systemic Pi -regulating factors. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Odontology, Charles Foix and Bretonneau Hospitals and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Buss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Department of Odontology, Charles Foix and Bretonneau Hospitals and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Narula S, Tandon S, Kumar D, Varshney S, Adlakha K, Sengupta S, Singh SK, Tandon C. Human kidney stone matrix proteins alleviate hyperoxaluria induced renal stress by targeting cell-crystal interactions. Life Sci 2020; 262:118498. [PMID: 32991878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of urinary oxalate also known as hyperoxaluria, increase the likelihood of kidney stone formation through enhanced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization. The management of lithiatic renal pathology requires investigations at the initial macromolecular stages. Hence, the current study was designed to unravel the protein make-up of human kidney stones and its impact on renal cells' altered proteome, induced as the consequence of CaOx injury. CaOx kidney stones were collected from patients; stones were pooled for entire cohort, followed by protein extraction. Immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and flow-cytometric analysis revealed the promising antilithiatic activity of kidney stone matrix proteins. The iTRAQ analysis of renal cells showed up-regulation of 12 proteins and down-regulation of 41 proteins due to CaOx insult, however, this differential expression was normalized in the presence of kidney stone matrix proteins. Protein network analysis revealed involvement of up-regulated proteins in apoptosis, calcium-binding, inflammatory and stress response pathways. Moreover, seven novel antilithiatic proteins were identified from human kidney stones' matrix: Tenascin-X-isoform2, CCDC-144A, LIM domain kinase-1, Serine/Arginine receptor matrix protein-2, mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, volume-regulated anion channel subunit-LRRC8A and BMPR2. In silico analysis concluded that these proteins exert antilithiatic potential through crystal binding, thereby inhibiting the crystal-cell interaction, a pre-requisite to initiate inflammatory response. Thus, the outcomes of this study provide insights into the molecular events of CaOx induced renal toxicity and subsequent progression into nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Narula
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Swati Varshney
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Adlakha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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18
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Shalini S, Frank DS, Aldoukhi AH, Majdalany SE, Roberts WW, Ghani KR, Matzger AJ. Assessing the Role of Light Absorption in Laser Lithotripsy by Isotopic Substitution of Kidney Stone Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5274-5280. [PMID: 33455276 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the chemical characteristics of kidney stones and how the stone composition affects their fragmentation is key to improving clinical laser lithotripsy. During laser lithotripsy, two mechanisms may be responsible for stone fragmentation: a photothermal mechanism and/or microexplosion mechanism. Herein, we carry out an isotopic substitution of crystal H2O with D2O in calcium oxalate monohydrate and struvite stones to alter their optical properties to study the relationship between the absorption of the stones, at the wavelength of the Ho:YAG (2.12 μm) laser, and the fragmentation behavior. Changing the absorption of the stones at 2.12 μm changes the extent of fragmentation, whereas changing the absorption of the bulk medium has a negligible effect on fragmentation, leading to the conclusion that kidney stone ablation is dominated by a photothermal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorout Shalini
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Derek S Frank
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ali H Aldoukhi
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sami E Majdalany
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William W Roberts
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Khurshid R Ghani
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam J Matzger
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Liu H, Yang X, Tang K, Ye T, Duan C, Lv P, Yan L, Wu X, Chen Z, Liu J, Deng Y, Zeng G, Xing J, Ye Z, Xu H. Sulforaphane elicts dual therapeutic effects on Renal Inflammatory Injury and crystal deposition in Calcium Oxalate Nephrocalcinosis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7319-7334. [PMID: 32641994 PMCID: PMC7330860 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals induce renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) injury and inflammation, which involve Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) signaling. Additionally, infiltrating macrophages (Mϕs) might influence intrarenal CaOx crystals and CaOx-induced renal injury. Although the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating inflammation and macrophage polarization are well characterized, its potential mechanisms in regulating CaOx nephrocalcinosis remain undefined. Methods: We used a Gene Expression Omnibus dataset to analyze gene-expression profiles. Luciferase reporter, western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, positron emission tomography computed tomography imaging, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to study the mechanism of miR-93-TLR4/IRF1 regulation by Nrf2. Anti-inflammatory activity and regulation of macrophage polarization by Nrf2 were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found that stone-mediated kidney inflammation significantly affected stone growth, and that sulforaphane attenuated CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced kidney injury and renal CaOx crystals deposition. Additionally, Nrf2 levels significantly increased and negatively correlated with TLR4 and IRF1 levels in a mouse model of CaOx nephrocalcinosis following sulforaphane treatment. Moreover, Nrf2 suppressed TLR4 and IRF1 levels and decreased M1-macrophage polarization which induced by supernatants from COM-stimulated TECs in vitro. In terms of mechanism, transcription factor analyses, microRNA microarray, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Nrf2 exhibited positive transcriptional activation of miR-93-5p. In addition, Luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and western blot validated that miR-93-5p targets TLR4 and IRF1 mRNA. Furthermore, suppressed miR-93-5p expression partially reversed Nrf2-dependent TLR4/IRF1 downregulation. Conclusions: The results suggested that sulforaphane might promote M2Mϕ polarization and inhibit CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced inflammatory injury to renal tubular epithelial cells via the Nrf2-miR-93-TLR4/IRF1 pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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20
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Chirackal RS, Jayachandran M, Wang X, Edeh S, Haskic Z, Perinpam M, Halling TM, Mehta R, Rivera ME, Lieske JC. Urinary extracellular vesicle-associated MCP-1 and NGAL derived from specific nephron segments differ between calcium oxalate stone formers and controls. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1475-F1482. [PMID: 31461349 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00515.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Randall's plaque (RP; subepithelial calcification) appears to be an important precursor of kidney stone disease. However, RP cannot be noninvasively detected. The present study investigated candidate biomarkers associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the urine of calcium stone formers (CSFs) with low (<5% papillary surface area) and high (≥5% papillary surface area) percentages of RP and a group of nonstone formers. RPs were quantitated via videotaping and image processing in consecutive CSFs undergoing percutaneous surgery for stone removal. Urinary EVs derived from cells of different nephron segments of CSFs (n = 64) and nonstone formers (n = 40) were quantified in biobanked cell-free urine by standardized and validated digital flow cytometer using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. Overall, the number of EVs carrying surface monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were significantly lower in CSFs compared with nonstone former controls (P < 0.05) but did not differ statistically between CSFs with low and high RPs. The number of EVs associated with osteopontin did not differ between any groups. Thus, EVs carrying MCP-1 and NGAL may directly or indirectly contribute to stone pathogenesis as evidenced by the lower of these populations of EVs in stone formers compared with nonstone formers. Validation of EV-associated MCP-1 and NGAL as noninvasive biomarkers of kidney stone pathogenesis in larger populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Chirackal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samuel Edeh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zejfa Haskic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Majuran Perinpam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ramila Mehta
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Selective protein enrichment in calcium oxalate stone matrix: a window to pathogenesis? Urolithiasis 2019; 47:521-532. [PMID: 30993355 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Urine proteins are thought to control calcium oxalate stone formation, but over 1000 proteins have been reported in stone matrix obscuring their relative importance. Proteins critical to stone formation should be present at increased relative abundance in stone matrix compared to urine, so quantitative protein distribution data were obtained for stone matrix compared to prior urine proteome data. Matrix proteins were isolated from eight stones (> 90% calcium oxalate content) by crystal dissolution and further purified by ultradiafiltration (> 10 kDa membrane). Proteomic analyses were performed using label-free spectral counting tandem mass spectrometry, followed by stringent filtering. The average matrix proteome was compared to the average urine proteome observed in random urine samples from 25 calcium oxalate stone formers reported previously. Five proteins were prominently enriched in matrix, accounting for a mass fraction of > 30% of matrix protein, but only 3% of urine protein. Many highly abundant urinary proteins, like albumin and uromodulin, were present in matrix at reduced relative abundance compared to urine, likely indicating non-selective inclusion in matrix. Furthermore, grouping proteins by isoelectric point demonstrated that the stone matrix proteome was highly enriched in both strongly anionic (i.e., osteopontin) and strongly cationic (i.e., histone) proteins, most of which are normally found in intracellular or nuclear compartments. The fact that highly anionic and highly cationic proteins aggregate at low concentrations and these aggregates can induce crystal aggregation suggests that protein aggregation may facilitate calcium oxalate stone formation, while cell injury processes are implicated by the presence of many intracellular proteins.
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22
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Dual roles of heparanase in human carotid plaque calcification. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Buckle EL, Prakash A, Bonomi M, Sampath J, Pfaendtner J, Drobny GP. Solid-State NMR and MD Study of the Structure of the Statherin Mutant SNa15 on Mineral Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1998-2011. [PMID: 30618247 PMCID: PMC6785181 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the structure and interactions of proteins at native mineral interfaces is key to understanding how biological systems regulate the formation of hard tissue structures. In addition, understanding how these same proteins interact with non-native mineral surfaces has important implications for the design of medical and dental implants, chromatographic supports, diagnostic tools, and a host of other applications. Here, we combine solid-state NMR spectroscopy, isotherm measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations to study how SNa15, a peptide derived from the hydroxyapatite (HAP) recognition domain of the biomineralization protein statherin, interacts with HAP, silica (SiO2), and titania (TiO2) mineral surfaces. Adsorption isotherms are used to characterize the binding affinity of SNa15 to HAP, SiO2, and TiO2. We also apply 1D 13C CP MAS, 1D 15N CP MAS, and 2D 13C-13C DARR experiments to SNa15 samples with uniformly 13C- and 15N-enriched residues to determine backbone and side-chain chemical shifts. Different computational tools, namely TALOS-N and molecular dynamics simulations, are used to deduce secondary structure from backbone and side-chain chemical shift data. Our results show that SNa15 adopts an α-helical conformation when adsorbed to HAP and TiO2, but the helix largely unravels upon adsorption to SiO2. Interactions with HAP are mediated in general by acidic and some basic amino acids, although the specific amino acids involved in direct surface interaction vary with surface. The integrated experimental and computational approach used in this study is able to provide high-resolution insights into adsorption of proteins on interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Buckle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arushi Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Massimiliano Bonomi
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Janani Sampath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gary P. Drobny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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24
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Kaleta B. The role of osteopontin in kidney diseases. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:93-102. [PMID: 30456594 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein expressed in various cell types in animals and in humans, including bone, immune, smooth muscle, epithelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, OPN is found in kidneys (in the thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and in distal nephrons) and urine. The protein plays an important role in mineralization and bone resorption. In addition, OPN is involved in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. It was demonstrated that OPN and some OPN gene polymorphic variants are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple disorders, such as cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, recent studies suggested that OPN is associated with the pathogenesis of renal failure. METHODS In this review, I briefly discussed the role of OPN and its gene polymorphisms in kidney physiology, as well as in various kidney diseases. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Most studies reported that OPN expression is elevated in urolithiasis, and also in acute and chronic kidney diseases, and in renal allograft dysfunction. Moreover, it was demonstrated that polymorphic variants of the OPN gene may be associated with renal failure. However, some reports suggested that OPN is essential for tubulogenesis, and that it inhibits calcium oxalate crystal formation and retention, nitric oxide synthesis, cell apoptosis and promotes cell regeneration. Thus, further studies are required to fully understand the role of OPN in kidney physiology and pathology. Eventually, these studies may result in the identification of OPN as a valuable marker for renal dysfunction prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka St., 02-006, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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The Phylogeny of Osteopontin-Analysis of the Protein Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092557. [PMID: 30154395 PMCID: PMC6164354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is important for tissue remodeling, cellular immune responses, and calcium homeostasis in milk and urine. In pathophysiology, the biomolecule contributes to the progression of multiple cancers. Phylogenetic analysis of 202 osteopontin protein sequences identifies a core block of integrin-binding sites in the center of the protein, which is well conserved. Remarkably, the length of this block varies among species, resulting in differing distances between motifs within. The amino acid sequence SSEE is a candidate phosphorylation site. Two copies of it reside in the far N-terminus and are variably affected by alternative splicing in humans. Between those motifs, birds and reptiles have a histidine-rich domain, which is absent from other species. Just downstream from the thrombin cleavage site, the common motif (Q/I)(Y/S/V)(P/H/Y)D(A/V)(T/S)EED(L/E)(-/S)T has been hitherto unrecognized. While well preserved, it is yet without assigned function. The far C-terminus, although very different between Reptilia/Aves on the one hand and Mammals on the other, is highly conserved within each group of species, suggesting important functional roles that remain to be mapped. Taxonomic variations in the osteopontin sequence include a lack of about 20 amino acids in the downstream portion, a small unique sequence stretch C-terminally, a lack of six amino acids just upstream of the RGD motifs, and variable length insertions far C-terminally.
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26
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Lovett AC, Khan SR, Gower LB. Development of a two-stage in vitro model system to investigate the mineralization mechanisms involved in idiopathic stone formation: stage 1-biomimetic Randall's plaque using decellularized porcine kidneys. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:321-334. [PMID: 29777258 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers form stones that are commonly attached to calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits in the renal tissue, known as Randall's plaques (RP). Plaques are suggested to originate in the renal tubular basement membrane, where they exhibit a morphology of concentrically laminated apatitic spherules, while in the interstitial regions, the collagen fibrils and vesicles become mineralized. We hypothesize that these minerals might form by non-classical crystallization mechanisms, such as via amorphous precursors, some of which might originate from a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process. Thus, our goal is to identify mineralogical 'signatures' of various stone formation mechanisms. To do this for idiopathic CaOx stones, we are developing a two-stage model system of CaP-CaOx composite stones, consisting of stage (1) CaP mineralized plaque, followed by stage (2) CaOx overgrowth into a stone. For the studies presented here, decellularized porcine kidneys were mineralized with CaP using polyaspartic acid or the protein osteopontin (OPN) to induce the PILP process and create biomimetic RP. Analysis of the PILP-mineralized tissues shows features that resemble the native plaques, including mineral spherules and collagen with intrafibrillar mineral. In contrast, the classical crystallization produced large apatitic spherulites, which is a very different morphology, but one which is also found in some stones. An alternative hypothesis regarding Randall's plaque, and if or when it becomes pathological, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana C Lovett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laurie B Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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27
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Steiger S, Grill JF, Ma Q, Bäuerle T, Jordan J, Smolle M, Böhland C, Lech M, Anders HJ. Anti-Transforming Growth Factor β IgG Elicits a Dual Effect on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization and Progressive Nephrocalcinosis-Related Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:619. [PMID: 29651290 PMCID: PMC5884871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by intrinsic or environmental microparticles or crystals, promoting tissue inflammation and scarring. Certain proteins interfere with crystal formation and growth, e.g., with intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation, a common cause of kidney stone disease or nephrocalcinosis-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that immunoglobulins can modulate CaOx microcrystal formation and crystal growth and that therefore, biological IgG-based drugs designed to specifically target disease modifying proteins would elicit a dual effect on the outcome of CaOx-related crystallopathies. Indeed, both the anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)β IgG and control IgG1 antibody impaired CaOx crystallization in vitro, and decreased intrarenal CaOx crystal deposition and subsequent CKD in mice on an oxalate-rich diet compared to oxalate-fed control mice. However, the TGFβ-specific IgG antibody showed nephroprotective effects beyond those of control IgG1 and substantially reduced interstitial fibrosis as indicated by magnetic resonance imaging, silver and α-smooth muscle actin staining, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry for pro-fibrotic macrophages. Suppressing interstitial fibrosis slowed the decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to treatment with control IgG1 [slope of m = −8.9 vs. m = −14.5 μl/min/100 g body weight (BW)/day, Δ = 38.3%], an increased GFR at the end of the study (120.4 vs. 42.6 μl/min/100 g BW, Δ = 64.6%), and prolonged end stage renal disease (ESRD)-free renal survival by 10 days (Δ = 38.5%). Delayed onset of anti-TGFβ IgG from day 7 was no longer effective. Our results suggest that biological drugs can elicit dual therapeutic effects on intrinsic crystallopathies, such as anti-TGFβ IgG antibody treatment inhibits CaOx crystallization as well as interstitial fibrosis in nephrocalcinosis-related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Felicitas Grill
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Smolle
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Biomedizinisches Centrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Böhland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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28
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Huynh TNS, Vidaud C, Hagège A. Investigation of uranium interactions with calcium phosphate-binding proteins using ICP/MS and CE-ICP/MS. Metallomics 2017; 8:1185-1192. [PMID: 27714043 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During long-term exposure, uranium accumulates in bone. Since uranium in U(vi) complexes shares similar coordination properties to calcium, this toxicant is assumed to be exchanged with calcium ions at the surfaces of bone mineral crystals. Recently, two proteins involved in bone turnover, fetuin A and osteopontin, were shown to exhibit a high affinity for U(vi). A common biochemical feature of both fetuin A and osteopontin is their inhibiting role in calcium phosphate precipitation. Therefore it is conceivable that complexation of U(vi) with these proteins may alter their interaction with calcium and/or calcium phosphate. Quantitative analyses of calcium, phosphorus and uranium performed using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) demonstrated the inhibition of the precipitation of calcium phosphate by fetuin A and osteopontin for 2 h. In addition, the presence of U(vi) did not seem to alter the duration of this process. However, dynamic light scattering studies revealed that the size of the colloidal particles formed with osteopontin was altered by the presence of U(vi) in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, using hyphenated capillary electrophoresis-ICP/MS (CE-ICP/MS), we showed that in these systems, at a low concentration of U(vi) (protein : U(vi) 8 : 1), U(vi) might remain in solution by forming a complex with proteins and not by sequestration of a precipitate of either autunite or uranyl orthophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claude Vidaud
- CEA/DSV/iBEB/SBTN, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Hagège
- CEA/DSV/iBEB/SBTN, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze Cedex, France and CNRS, UMR 7265, CEA/DSV/iBEB, 13108 St. Paul Les Durance, France and Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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29
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Hoac B, Nelea V, Jiang W, Kaartinen MT, McKee MD. Mineralization-inhibiting effects of transglutaminase-crosslinked polymeric osteopontin. Bone 2017; 101:37-48. [PMID: 28428079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) belongs to the SIBLING family (Small, Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins) of mineral-binding matrix proteins found in bones and teeth. OPN is a well-known inhibitor of matrix mineralization, and enzymatic modification of OPN can affect this inhibitory function. In bone, OPN exists both as a monomer and as a high-molecular-weight polymer - the latter is formed by transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking of glutamine and lysine residues in OPN to create homotypic protein assemblies. OPN can be covalently crosslinked by transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and Factor XIII-A. Polymeric OPN has increased binding to collagen and promotes osteoblast adhesion, but despite these initial observations, its role in mineralization is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymerized OPN on mineralization using a hydroxyapatite crystal growth assay and mineralizing MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures. In the cultures, endogenous polymeric OPN was detected after mineralization occurred. In cell-free conditions, TG2 was used to crosslink bovine OPN into its polymeric form, and atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed variably-sized, large branched aggregates ranging across hundreds of nanometers. These OPN polymers inhibited the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals in solution at concentrations similar to monomeric OPN, although the crosslinking slightly reduced its inhibitory potency. When added to MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures, this exogenous polymeric OPN essentially did not inhibit mineralization when given during the later mineralization stages of culture; however, cultures treated early and then continuously with polymeric OPN throughout both the matrix assembly and mineral deposition stages showed reduced mineralization. Immunoblotting of protein extracts from these continuously treated cultures revealed exogenous OPN polymers incorporated into mature matrix that had not yet mineralized. These results suggest that in bone, the increased size and branched structure of crosslinked inhibitory polymeric OPN near the mineralization front could hinder it from accessing focal mineralization sites in the dense collagen-rich matrix, suggesting that OPN-crosslinking into polymers may represent a way to fine-tune the inhibitory potency of OPN on bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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30
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Li M, Wang L, Putnis CV. Energetic Basis for Inhibition of Calcium Phosphate Biomineralization by Osteopontin. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5968-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christine V. Putnis
- Institut
für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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31
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Louis B, Gomes ES, Losch P, Lutzweiler G, Coelho T, Faro A, Pinto JF, Cardoso CS, Silva AV, Pereira MM. Biomass-assisted Zeolite Syntheses as a Tool for Designing New Acid Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Louis
- Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 1 rue Blaise Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Elisa S. Gomes
- Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 1 rue Blaise Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
- LACES, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia; Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos; 149, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Pit Losch
- Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 1 rue Blaise Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gaëtan Lutzweiler
- Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 1 rue Blaise Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Tiago Coelho
- Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 1 rue Blaise Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LABCATH; Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT Bloco A, Cidade Universitária 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Faro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LABCATH; Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT Bloco A, Cidade Universitária 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Joana F. Pinto
- LACES, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia; Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos; 149, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Cristiane S. Cardoso
- LACES, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia; Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos; 149, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Alessandra V. Silva
- LACES, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia; Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos; 149, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Pereira
- LACES, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia; Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos; 149, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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32
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Marzec B, Zhang L, Zhu N, Schmitt W. Bio-inspired synthetic approaches: from hierarchical, hybrid supramolecular assemblies to CaCO 3-based microspheres. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6456-6463. [PMID: 28470257 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-inspired synthetic approach to unprecedented hybrid supramolecular assemblies [Ca(Me2hda)(H2O)3]·H2O (1) and [Ca(C12hda)(H2O)2]·H2O (2), that are stabilized by iminodiacetate-substituted organic ligands is reported. The results of the single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1 further allowed the use of electron microscopy to verify the supramolecular structure of the fibrous assemblies of 2 that incorporate extended alkyl-substituted ligand derivatives. 2 reveals interesting features that distinguish these soft structures from purely inorganic, brittle materials: meshes of nanobelts transform on solid supports to form homogeneous films covering extended, micro-sized areas. The use of the reported ligand system as a habit modifier for CaCO3 results in hierarchical calcite aggregates. The structure-influencing effects of the ligands and their supramolecular assemblies promote the formation of calcite disks that tessellate into hollow microspheres that contain distinctive openings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Marzec
- School of Chemistry & CRANN, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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33
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Lee SY, Lee SJ, Piao HL, Yang SY, Weiner ID, Kim J, Han KH. Hydration status affects osteopontin expression in the rat kidney. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:269-77. [PMID: 26645343 PMCID: PMC5037293 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secretory protein that plays an important role in urinary stone formation. Hydration status is associated with the development of urolithiasis. This study was conducted to examine the effects of dehydration and hydration on OPN expression in the rat kidney. Animals were divided into three groups, control, dehydrated, and hydrated. Kidney tissues were processed for light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and immunoblot analysis. Dehydration induced a significant increase in OPN protein expression, whereas increased fluid intake induced a decrease in protein expression. Under control conditions, OPN protein and mRNA expression were only detected in the descending thin limb (DTL). Dehydration induced increased expression in the DTL and the development of detectable expression in the thick ascending limb (TAL). In contrast, OPN expression levels declined to less than the controls in the DTL after hydration, while no expression of either protein or mRNA was detectable in the TAL. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that hydration status altered tubular ultrastructure and intracellular OPN expression in the Golgi apparatus and secretory cytoplasmic vesicles. These data confirm that changes in oral fluid intake can regulate renal tubular epithelial cell OPN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Youn Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hong-Lin Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Suk-Young Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,Nephrology Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System (NF/SGVHS), Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 03760, Korea
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34
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Burgos-Cara A, Putnis CV, Ortega-Huertas M, Ruiz-Agudo E. Influence of pH and citrate on the formation of oxalate layers on calcite revealed by in situ nanoscale imaging. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Rimer JD, Kolbach-Mandel AM, Ward MD, Wesson JA. The role of macromolecules in the formation of kidney stones. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:57-74. [PMID: 27913854 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of crystal aggregates, one of the critical processes in kidney stone pathogenesis, involves interactions between crystals (predominantly calcium oxalate monohydrate, COM) and urinary constituents (e.g., proteins), which serve as an adhesive "glue" between crystals in stones. To develop a better understanding of the protein-crystal interactions that lead to crystal aggregation, we have measured the effect of model proteins on bulk COM crystal properties as well as their adsorption on crystal surfaces using three synthetic polyanions: poly(aspartic acid) (polyD), poly(glutamic acid) (polyE), and poly(acrylic acid) (polyAA). These anionic macromolecules reduced the amount of COM crystal aggregation in bulk solution to an extent similar to that observed for mixture of proteins from normal urine, with little difference between the polymers. In contrast, the polymers exhibited differences in measures of COM crystal growth. Polycations such as poly(arginine) (polyR) and poly(lysine) (polyK) reduced aggregation weakly and exerted negligible effects on crystal growth. All polyions were found to associate with COM crystal surfaces, as evidenced by changes in the zeta potential of COM crystals in electrophoretic mobility measurements. On the other hand, COM aggregation and possibly growth can be promoted by many binary mixtures of polycations and polyanions, which appeared to be mediated by polymer aggregate formation rather than loss of crystal charge stabilization. Similarly, crystal aggregation promotion behavior can be driven by forming aggregates of weakly charged polyanions, like Tamm-Horsfall protein, suggesting that polymer (protein) aggregation may play a critical role in stone formation. Sensitivity of polyanion-COM crystal surface interactions to the chemical composition of polymer side groups were demonstrated by large differences in crystal aggregation behavior between polyD and polyE, which correlated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of growth inhibition on various COM surfaces and chemical force microscopy (CFM) measurements of unbinding forces between COM crystal surfaces and AFM tips decorated with either carboxylate or amidinium moieties (mimicking polyanion and polyR side chains, respectively). The lack of strong interaction for polyE at the COM (100) surface compared to polyD appeared to be the critical difference. Finally, the simultaneous presence of polyanions and polycations appeared to alter the ability of polycations to mediate unbinding forces in CFM and promote crystal growth. In summary, polyanions strongly associated with COM surfaces and influenced crystallization, while polycations did not, though important differences were observed based on the physicochemical properties of polyanions. Observations suggest that COM aggregation with both polyanion-polycation mixtures and weakly charged polyanions is promoted by polymer aggregate formation, which plays a critical role in bridging crystal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA
| | - Ann M Kolbach-Mandel
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Wesson
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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Robertson WG. Do "inhibitors of crystallisation" play any role in the prevention of kidney stones? A critique. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:43-56. [PMID: 27900407 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A critical examination of data in the literature and in as yet unpublished laboratory records on the possible role of so-called inhibitors of crystallisation in preventing the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones leads to the following conclusions. So-called inhibitors of spontaneous "self-nucleation" are unlikely to play any role in the initiation of the crystallisation of CaOx or CaP in urine because excessive urinary supersaturation of urine with respect to these salts dominates the onset of "self-nucleation" within the normal time frame of the transit of tubular fluid through the nephron (3-4 min). Inhibitors of the crystal growth of CaOx crystals may or may not play a significant role in the prevention of CaOx stone-formation since once again excessive supersaturation of urine can overwhelm any potential effect of the inhibitors on the growth process. However, they may play a role as inhibitors of crystal growth at lower levels of metastable supersaturation when the balance between supersaturation and inhibitors is more equal. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal aggregation may play a significant role in the prevention of stones, since they do not appear to be strongly affected by excessive supersaturation, either in vitro or in vivo. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal binding to renal tubular epithelium may exist but further studies are necessary to elucidate their importance in reducing the risk of initiating stones in the renal tubules. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal binding to Randall's Plaques and Randall's Plugs may exist but further studies are necessary to elucidate their importance in reducing the risk of initiating stones on renal papillae. There may be an alternative explanation other than a deficiency in the excretion of inhibitors for the observations that there is a difference between CaOx crystal size and degree of aggregation in the fresh, warm urines of normal subjects compared those in urine from patients with recurrent CaOx stones. This difference may depend more on the site of "self-nucleation" of CaOx crystals in the renal tubule rather than on a deficiency in the excretion of so-called inhibitors of crystallisation by patients with CaOx stones. The claim that administration of potassium citrate, potassium magnesium citrate or magnesium hydroxide reduces the rate of stone recurrence may be due to the effect of these forms of medication on the supersaturation of urine with respect to CaOx and CaP rather than to any increase in "inhibitory activity" attributed to these forms of treatment. In summary, there is a competition between supersaturation and so-called inhibitors of crystallisation which ultimately determines the pattern of crystalluria in stone-formers and normals. If the supersaturation of urine with respect to CaOx reaches or exceeds the 3-4 min formation product of that salt, then it dominates the crystallisation process both in terms of "self-nucleation" and crystal growth but appears to have little or no effect on the degree of aggregation of the crystals produced. At supersaturation levels of urine with respect to CaOx well below the 3-4 min formation product of that salt, the influence of inhibitors increases and some may affect not only the degree of aggregation but also the crystal growth of any pre-formed crystals of CaOx at these lower levels of metastability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robertson
- Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Shedding light on the morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallites present in kidney biopsies in the case of hyperoxaluria. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mittal A, Tandon S, Singla SK, Tandon C. Mechanistic Insights into the Antilithiatic Proteins from Terminalia arjuna: A Proteomic Approach in Urolithiasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162600. [PMID: 27649531 PMCID: PMC5029924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone formation during hyperoxaluric condition is inherently dependent on the interaction between renal epithelial cells and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Although modern medicine has progressed in terms of removal of these stones, recurrence and persistent side effects restricts their use. Strategies involving plant based agents which could be used as adjunct therapy is an area which needs to be explored. Plant proteins having antilithiatic activity is a hitherto unexplored area and therefore, we conducted a detailed identification and characterization of antilithiatic proteins from Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna). Proteins were isolated from the dried bark of T. arjuna and those having molecular weights > 3 kDa were subjected to anion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography. Four proteins were identified exhibiting inhibitory activity against CaOx crystallization and crystal growth kinetics The cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic efficacy of these purified proteins was further investigated on oxalate injured renal epithelial cells (MDCK and NRK-52E) wherein, injury due to oxalate was significantly attenuated and led to a dose dependent increase in viability of these cells. These proteins also prevented the interaction of the CaOx crystals to the cell surface and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Identification of these 4 anionic proteins from the bark of T. arjuna was carried out by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This was followed by database search with the MASCOT server and sequence similarity was found with Nuclear pore anchor, DEAD Box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 45, Lon protease homolog 1 and Heat shock protein 90–3. These novel proteins isolated from T. arjuna have the potential to inhibit CaOx crystallization and promote cell survival and therefore, offer novel avenues which need to be explored further for the medical management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Xiao X, Dong Z, Ye X, Yan Y, Chen X, Pan Q, Xie Y, Xie J, Wang Q, Yuan Q. Association between OPN genetic variations and nephrolithiasis risk. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:321-326. [PMID: 27602211 PMCID: PMC4998211 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has an important role in urolithiasis. However, few studies have explored the association between OPN genetic variants and urolithiasis risk. In the present study, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs28357094, rs11439060 and rs11730582) located on the promoter of OPN were genotyped in a total of 480 individuals, including 230 nephrolithiasis patients and 250 matched healthy controls, and the associations between these SNPs and nephrolithiasis risk in different genetic models was assessed. No significant differences were identified in the genotype and allele frequencies of OPN rs28357094 or rs11730582 (P=0.805 for rs28357094; P=0.577 for rs11730582, respectively). However, carriers with the OPN rs11439060 insertion (ins) types (ins/deletion and ins/ins) were overrepresented in urolithiasis patients compared with the controls [odds ratio (OR), 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.22]. In the stratified analysis, the increased risk was more evident among younger subjects (adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01-2.81), females (2.15; 1.14-4.08), overweight subjects (1.80; 1.07-3.05), normotensive subjects (2.48; 1.02-6.00), abnormal blood sugar subjects (1.58; 1.08-2.30), smokers (1.63; 1.02-2.60), and ever-drinkers (1.98; 1.10-3.60).. These findings revealed that the OPN rs11439060 polymorphism may act as genetic biomarker for the detection of high-risk nephrolithiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjia Dong
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xianqing Ye
- Department of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yan
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Xie
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Qiangdong Wang
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Qinbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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40
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Ramamoorthy S, Kwak JH, Karande P, Farmanesh S, Rimer JD. A high-throughput assay for screening modifiers of calcium oxalate crystallization. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ramamoorthy
- Howard P. Isermann Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
| | - Jun Ha Kwak
- Howard P. Isermann Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Howard P. Isermann Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180
| | - Sahar Farmanesh
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX 77204
| | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX 77204
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Abstract
Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystalline and organic components and are formed when the urine becomes supersaturated with respect to a mineral. Calcium oxalate is the main constituent of most stones, many of which form on a foundation of calcium phosphate called Randall's plaques, which are present on the renal papillary surface. Stone formation is highly prevalent, with rates of up to 14.8% and increasing, and a recurrence rate of up to 50% within the first 5 years of the initial stone episode. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for stone formation, which, in turn, can lead to hypertension, chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Management of symptomatic kidney stones has evolved from open surgical lithotomy to minimally invasive endourological treatments leading to a reduction in patient morbidity, improved stone-free rates and better quality of life. Prevention of recurrence requires behavioural and nutritional interventions, as well as pharmacological treatments that are specific for the type of stone. There is a great need for recurrence prevention that requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in stone formation to facilitate the development of more-effective drugs.
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Jürets A, Le Bras M, Staffler G, Stein G, Leitner L, Neuhofer A, Tardelli M, Turkof E, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Inhibition of Cellular Adhesion by Immunological Targeting of Osteopontin Neoepitopes Generated through Matrix Metalloproteinase and Thrombin Cleavage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148333. [PMID: 26840958 PMCID: PMC4740464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted protein involved in inflammatory processes and cancer, induces cell adhesion, migration, and activation of inflammatory pathways in various cell types. Cells bind OPN via integrins at a canonical RGD region in the full length form as well as to a contiguous cryptic site that some have shown is unmasked upon thrombin or matrix metalloproteinase cleavage. Thus, the adhesive capacity of osteopontin is enhanced by proteolytic cleavage that may occur in inflammatory conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth and metastasis. Our aim was to inhibit cellular adhesion to recombinant truncated proteins that correspond to the N-terminal cleavage products of thrombin- or matrix metalloproteinase-cleaved OPN in vitro. We specifically targeted the cryptic integrin binding site with monoclonal antibodies and antisera induced by peptide immunization of mice. HEK 293 cells adhered markedly stronger to truncated OPN proteins than to full length OPN. Without affecting cell binding to the full length form, the raised monoclonal antibodies specifically impeded cellular adhesion to the OPN fragments. Moreover, we show that the peptides used for immunization were able to induce antisera, which impeded adhesion either to all OPN forms, including the full-length form, or selectively to the corresponding truncated recombinant proteins. In conclusion, we developed immunological tools to selectively target functional properties of protease-cleaved OPN forms, which could find applications in treatment and prevention of various inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jürets
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gesine Stein
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Leitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Neuhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edvin Turkof
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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43
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Cheon JH, Kim SY, Son JY, Kang YR, An JH, Kwon JH, Song HS, Moon A, Lee BM, Kim HS. Pyruvate Kinase M2: A Novel Biomarker for the Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:47-56. [PMID: 26977258 PMCID: PMC4780241 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.1.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is clinically important. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is closely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), are frequently used to diagnose AKI. However, these biomarkers increase only after significant structural damage has occurred. Recent efforts have focused on identification and validation of new noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of AKI, prior to extensive structural damage. Furthermore, AKI biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of this complex and heterogeneous disease. Our previous study suggested that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is excreted in the urine, is a sensitive biomarker for nephrotoxicity. To appropriately and optimally utilize PKM2 as a biomarker for AKI requires its complete characterization. This review highlights the major studies that have addressed the diagnostic and prognostic predictive power of biomarkers for AKI and assesses the potential usage of PKM2 as an early biomarker for AKI. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of biomarkers and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AKI. This review will elucidate the biological basis of specific biomarkers that will contribute to improving the early detection and diagnosis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Cheon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ye Rim Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye An
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Sub Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Browne JA, Yang R, Leir SH, Eggener SE, Harris A. Expression profiles of human epididymis epithelial cells reveal the functional diversity of caput, corpus and cauda regions. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 22:69-82. [PMID: 26612782 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Region-specific transcriptional profiling of tissues and cultured epithelial cells from the human epididymis will predict functional specialization along the duct. STUDY FINDING We identified the molecular signature driving functions of the caput, corpus and cauda epithelium, and determined how these differ to establish the regional differentiation of the organ. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The epithelium lining the human male genital ducts has a critical role in fertility. In particular, it controls the luminal environment in the epididymis, which is required for normal sperm maturation and reproductive competence. Studies in many animal species have largely informed our understanding of the molecular basis of epididymis function. However, there are substantial differences between species. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Using RNA sequencing on biological replicates, we described gene expression profiles for tissue from each region of the epididymis and cultured epithelial cells derived from these regions. Bioinformatic tools were then utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tissues and cells from the caput, corpus and cauda. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The data showed that the caput is functionally divergent from the corpus and cauda, which have very similar transcriptomes. Interrogation of DEGs using gene ontology process enrichment analyses showed that processes of ion transport, response to hormone stimulus and urogenital tract development are more evident in the caput, while defense response processes are more important in the corpus/cauda. Consistent with these regional differences in epididymis function, we observed differential expression of transcription factors in the caput and corpus/cauda. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Cultured caput, corpus and cauda cells may not faithfully represent the same cells in the intact organ, due to loss of hormonal signals from the testis and communication from other cell types. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data provide a molecular characterization that will facilitate advances in understanding human epididymis epithelium biology in health and disease. They may also reveal the mechanisms coordinating epididymis luminal environment and sperm maturation. LARGE SCALE DATA Data deposited at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/GSE72986. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health: R01HD068901 (PI: A.H.). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, 2430 North Halsted Street, Box 211, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, 2430 North Halsted Street, Box 211, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, 2430 North Halsted Street, Box 211, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Section of Urology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, 2430 North Halsted Street, Box 211, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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45
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Kim HL, Lee MY, Shin YJ, Song DW, Park J, Chang BS, Lee JH. Increased Expression of Osteopontin in the Degenerating Striatum of Rats Treated with Mitochondrial Toxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:135-43. [PMID: 26633905 PMCID: PMC4652028 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) is an irreversible inhibitor that induces neuronal damage by inhibiting mitochondrial complex II. Neurodegeneration induced by 3NP, which is preferentially induced in the striatum, is caused by an excess influx and accumulation of calcium in mitochondria. Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein and plays a role in the regulation of calcium precipitation in the injured brain. The present study was designed to examine whether induction of OPN protein is implicated in the pathogenesis of 3NP-induced striatal neurodegeneration. We observed overlapping regional expression of OPN, the neurodegeneration marker Fluoro-Jade B, and the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the 3NP-lesioned striatum. OPN expression was closely associated with the mitochondrial marker NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 in the damaged striatum. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that OPN protein was specifically localized to the inner membrane and matrix of the mitochondria in degenerating striatal neurons, and cell fragments containing OPN-labeled mitochondria were also present within activated brain macrophages. Thus, our study revealed that OPN expression is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction produced by 3NP-induced alteration of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, suggesting that OPN is involved in the pathogenesis of striatal degeneration by 3NP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lim Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, Catholic University
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Catholic University
| | - Yoo-Jin Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Catholic University
| | - Doo-Won Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Jieun Park
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, Catholic University
| | | | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
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Ng L, Wan TMH, Lam CSC, Chow AKM, Wong SKM, Man JHW, Li HS, Cheng NSM, Pak RCH, Cheung AHK, Yau TCC, Lo OSH, Foo DCC, Poon JTC, Poon RTP, Pang RWC, Law WL. Post-operative plasma osteopontin predicts distant metastasis in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126219. [PMID: 25961724 PMCID: PMC4427310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overall prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is unsatisfactory due to cancer metastasis after operation. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as minimally invasive, predictive, and surrogate biomarkers for prognosis of CRC patients. Methods This randomized study design consists of pre-operative and post-operative plasma samples from a total of 79 patients. We determined plasma levels of OPN by ELISA and examined their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. The effects of endogenous and exogenous OPN on CRC metastasis were investigated by examination of the effect on regulators of epithelial to messenchymal transition and migration assay. Results Our findings demonstrated for the first time the clinical correlation of plasma OPN with metastasis of CRC patients. High post-operative plasma OPN level (>153.02 ng/ml) associated with development of metastasis after curative resection (p<0.001). Moreover, post-operative plasma OPN level correlated with disease-free survival of CRC patients (p=0.009) and was an independent factor for predicting development of metastasis in CRC patients after curative resection (p=0.036). Our in vitro model showed that OPN ectopic expression induced DLD1 cell migration through Snail and Twist1 overexpression and E-cadherin repression, and secretory OPN level enhanced cell migration. Conclusions The results of the current study suggest that post-operative plasma OPN correlated with post-operative metastasis, suggesting that it is a potential non-invasive biomarker for the development of future metastasis in CRC patients. In addition, OPN was shown to be involved in the metastatic process and thus inhibition of OPN is a potential therapeutic approach to treat CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Ming-Hun Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colin Siu-Chi Lam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ariel Ka-Man Chow
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Kit-Man Wong
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Johnny Hon-Wai Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Sing Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nathan Shiu-Man Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ryan Chung-Hei Pak
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Chung-Cheung Yau
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oswens Siu-Hung Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dominic Chi-Chung Foo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jensen Tung-Chung Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roberta Wen-Chi Pang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shafiei F, Hossein BG, Farajollahi MM, Fathollah M, Marjan B, Tahereh JK. Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) as a surface primer for biomimetic remineralization of superficial enamel defects: An in vitro study. SCANNING 2015; 37:179-185. [PMID: 25676352 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to obtain more information about the assembly of hydroxyapatite bundles formed in the presence of Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) and to evaluate its effect on the remineralization of enamel defects through a biomimetic approach. One or 2 mg/mL LRAP solutions containing 2.5 mM of Ca(+2) and 1.5 mM phosphate were prepared (pH = 7.2) and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. The products of the reaction were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Vickers surface microhardness recovery (SMR%) of acid-etched bovine enamel, with or without LRAP surface treatment, were calculated to evaluate the influence of peptide on the lesion remineralization. Distilled water and 1 or 2 mg/mL LRAP solution (pH = 7.2) were applied on the lesions and the specimens were incubated in mineralization solution (2.5mM Ca(+2) , 1.5mM PO4 (-3) , pH = 7.2) for 24 h. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multi-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The pattern of enamel surface repair was studied using FE-SEM. AFM showed the formation of highly organized hierarchical structures, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, similar to the dental enamel microstructure. ANOVA procedure showed significant effect of peptide treatment on the calculated SMR% (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed that peptide treated groups had significantly higher values of SMR%. In conclusion, LRAP is able to regulate the formation of HA and enhances the remineralization of acid-etched enamel as a surface treatment agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shafiei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagheri G Hossein
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moztarzadeh Fathollah
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Biomaterials Group, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez str., Tehran, Iran
| | - Behroozibakhsh Marjan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafarzadeh Kashi Tahereh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Research Center for Science and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Biomimetic synthesis of struvite with biogenic morphology and implication for pathological biomineralization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7718. [PMID: 25591814 PMCID: PMC4296295 DOI: 10.1038/srep07718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that certain urinary proteins can efficiently inhibit stone formation. These discoveries are significant for developing effective therapies for stone disease, but the inhibition mechanism of crystallization remains elusive. In the present study, polyaspartic acid (PASP) was employed as a model peptide to investigate the effect of urinary proteins on the crystallization and morphological evolution of struvite. The results demonstrate that selective adsorption/binding of PASP onto the {010} and {101} faces of struvite crystals results in arrowhead-shaped morphology, which further evolves into X-shaped and unusual tabular structures with time. Noticeably, these morphologies are reminiscent of biogenic struvite morphology. Concentration-dependent experiments show that PASP can inhibit struvite growth and the inhibitory capacity increases with increasing PASP concentration, whereas aspartic acid monomers do not show a significant effect. Considering that PASP is a structural and functional analogue of the subdomains of aspartic acid-rich proteins, our results reveal that aspartic acid-rich proteins play a key role in regulating biogenic struvite morphology, and aspartic acid residues contribute to the inhibitory capacity of urinary proteins. The potential implications of PASP for developing therapeutic agents for urinary stone disease is also discussed.
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Li H, Shen H, Yan G, Zhang Y, Liu M, Fang P, Yu H, Yang P. Site-specific structural characterization of O-glycosylation and identification of phosphorylation sites of recombinant osteopontin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:581-91. [PMID: 25450502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays a key role in multiple physiological and pathological processes such as cytokine production, mineralization, inflammation, immune responses, and tumorigenesis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of OPN significantly affect its structure and biological properties; however, site-specific characterization of O-glycosylation in human OPN has not been reported. In this work, we profiled the overall glycan pattern of human recombinant OPN using a lectin array and completed detailed structural analysis of O-glycopeptides by mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 28 O-glycopeptides from 7 O-glycosylation regions of human OPN, occupied by highly heterogeneous O-glycans. These O-glycans carried, in part, functionally relevant epitopes such as T antigens (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-), sialyl-Tn antigens, sialyl-T antigens, and sialyl-Le(x/a) antigens [Neuα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc/Neuα2-3Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc]. MS(3) spectra of the generated O-glycopeptides showed cleavages of the peptide backbone and provided essential information on the peptide sequence. Furthermore, 26 phosphorylation sites were identified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS), including a novel one (Y209). We provide a detailed, site-specific structural characterization of O-glycosylation and identify the phosphorylation sites of OPN. These data lay the foundation for further research into the role of oligosaccharides and phosphorylation of recombinant human OPN. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Medical Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Huali Shen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Pan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Nakajima C, Suzuki K, Tsugawa R. Inhibitory potency of crystal matrix protein on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Int J Urol 2014; 3:S76-9. [PMID: 24304032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of macromolecular substances is among the multiple factors that may influence the complex process of urinary stone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potency of crystal matrix protein (CMP). Purification of CMP consisted of calcium oxalate crystal formation, dissolution of crystals, electrodialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inhibitory potency of crystal aggregation was examined by the seed crystal method, the undiluted urine method, and the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CMP showed the protein band of 31 kDa in SDS-PAGE. Anti-CMP polyclonal antibody and antihuman prothrombin antibody cross-reacted well with human prothrombin and CMP in Western blotting. CMP and human prothrombin had high inhibitory potency by the seed crystal method and undiluted urine method. Using SEM, we were able to observe the high inhibitory potency of human prothrombin and undiluted CMP on the aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
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