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Bhadra K. A Mini Review on Molecules Inducing Caspase-Independent Cell Death: A New Route to Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196401. [PMID: 36234938 PMCID: PMC9572491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most anticancer treatments trigger tumor cell death through apoptosis, where initiation of proteolytic action of caspase protein is a basic need. But under certain circumstances, apoptosis is prevented by the apoptosis inhibitor proteins, survivin and Hsp70. Several drugs focusing on classical programmed death of the cell have been reported to have low anti-tumorogenic potency due to mutations in proteins involved in the caspase-dependent programmed cell death with intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This review concentrates on the role of anti-cancer drug molecules targeting alternative pathways of cancer cell death for treatment, by providing a molecular basis for the new strategies of novel anti-cancer treatment. Under these conditions, active agents targeting alternative cell death pathways can be considered as potent chemotherapeutic drugs. Many natural compounds and other small molecules, such as inorganic and synthetic compounds, including several repurposing drugs, are reported to cause caspase-independent cell death in the system. However, few molecules indicated both caspase-dependent as well caspase-free cell death in specific cancer lines. Cancer cells have alternative methods of caspase-independent programmed cell death which are equally promising for being targeted by small molecules. These small molecules may be useful leads for rational therapeutic drug design, and can be of potential interest for future cancer-preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani 741235, India
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2
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Yang S, Sun M, Zhang X. Protective Effect of Resveratrol on Knee Osteoarthritis and its Molecular Mechanisms: A Recent Review in Preclinical and Clinical Trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921003. [PMID: 35959426 PMCID: PMC9357872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the progressing chronic joint associated with by many complex factors such as age, obesity, and trauma. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common type of OA. KOA is characterized by articular cartilage destruction and degeneration, synovial inflammation, and abnormal subchondral bone changes. To date, no practical clinical approach has been able to modify the pathological progression of KOA. Drug therapy is limited to pain control and may lead to serious side effects when taken for a long time. Therefore, searching for safer and more reliable treatments has become necessary. Interestingly, more and more research has focused on natural products, and monomeric compounds derived from natural products have received much attention as drug candidates for KOA treatment. Resveratrol (RES), a natural phenolic compound, has various pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-apoptotic, and anti-decay. Recently, studies on the effects of RES on maintaining the normal homeostasis of chondrocytes in KOA have received increasing attention, which seems to be attributed to the multi-targeted effects of RES on chondrocyte function. This review summarizes preclinical trials, clinical trials, and emerging tissue engineering studies of RES for KOA and discusses the specific mechanisms by which RES alleviates KOA. A better understanding of the pharmacological role of RES in KOA could provide clinical implications for intervention in the development of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingli Sun
- *Correspondence: Mingli Sun, ; Xinan Zhang,
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3
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The concept of intrinsic versus extrinsic apoptosis. Biochem J 2022; 479:357-384. [PMID: 35147165 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a vital and dynamic process in multicellular organisms that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially dangerous cells. Apoptosis, one of the better-known forms of regulated cell death, is activated when cell-surface death receptors like Fas are engaged by their ligands (the extrinsic pathway) or when BCL-2-family pro-apoptotic proteins cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (the intrinsic pathway). Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis lead to the activation of a family of proteases, the caspases, which are responsible for the final cell demise in the so-called execution phase of apoptosis. In this review, I will first discuss the most common types of regulated cell death on a morphological basis. I will then consider in detail the molecular pathways of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, discussing how they are activated in response to specific stimuli and are sometimes overlapping. In-depth knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of apoptosis is becoming more and more important not only in the field of cellular and molecular biology but also for its translational potential in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
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4
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Scarano A, Sbarbati A, Amore R, Iorio EL, Ferraro G, Amuso D. Invited Response on: A New Treatment for Local Adiposity With Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbyl-palmitate Solution: Clinical and Histological Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:541-542. [PMID: 34319426 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - A Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E L Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Ferraro
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - D Amuso
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Tsuji J, Thomson T, Brown C, Ghosh S, Theurkauf WE, Weng Z, Schwartz LM. Somatic piRNAs and Transposons are Differentially Expressed Coincident with Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Programmed Cell Death. Front Genet 2022; 12:775369. [PMID: 35003216 PMCID: PMC8730325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.775369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that can repress transposon expression via epigenetic silencing and transcript degradation. They have been identified predominantly in the ovary and testis, where they serve essential roles in transposon silencing in order to protect the integrity of the genome in the germline. The potential expression of piRNAs in somatic cells has been controversial. In the present study we demonstrate the expression of piRNAs derived from both genic and transposon RNAs in the intersegmental muscles (ISMs) from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. These piRNAs are abundantly expressed, ∼27 nt long, map antisense to transposons, are oxidation resistant, exhibit a 5’ uridine bias, and amplify via the canonical ping-pong pathway. An RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 19 piRNA pathway genes are expressed in the ISMs and are developmentally regulated. The abundance of piRNAs does not change when the muscles initiate developmentally-regulated atrophy, but are repressed coincident with the commitment of the muscles undergo programmed cell death at the end of metamorphosis. This change in piRNA expression is correlated with the repression of several retrotransposons and the induction of specific DNA transposons. The developmentally-regulated changes in the expression of piRNAs, piRNA pathway genes, and transposons are all regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone, the steroid hormone that controls the timing of ISM death. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence for the existence of piRNA in somatic tissues and suggest that they may play roles in developmental processes such as programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tsuji
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Travis Thomson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Christine Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Subhanita Ghosh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - William E Theurkauf
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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6
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de Freitas FA, Levy D, Zarrouk A, Lizard G, Bydlowski SP. Impact of Oxysterols on Cell Death, Proliferation, and Differentiation Induction: Current Status. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092301. [PMID: 34571949 PMCID: PMC8468221 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol produced by enzymatic activity or non-enzymatic pathways (auto-oxidation). The oxidation processes lead to the synthesis of about 60 different oxysterols. Several oxysterols have physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological activities. The effects of oxysterols on cell death processes, especially apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and oxiapoptophagy, as well as their action on cell proliferation, are reviewed here. These effects, also observed in several cancer cell lines, could potentially be useful in cancer treatment. The effects of oxysterols on cell differentiation are also described. Among them, the properties of stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation may be useful in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Alessandro de Freitas
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
| | - Débora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Monastir, Tunisia & Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’ EA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—Inserm, 7270 Dijon, France;
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chowdhury UK, Sankhyan LK, Avneesh S, Ray R, Kalaivani M, Hasija S, Chauhan A. Histologic Abnormalities of the Ascending Aorta: Effects on Aortic Remodeling after Intracardiac Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Tex Heart Inst J 2021; 47:86-95. [PMID: 32603461 DOI: 10.14503/thij-17-6279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated aortic tissue specimens from patients undergoing tetralogy of Fallot repair, to determine whether histologic abnormalities affect postsurgical aortic remodeling and other patient-related variables. Using light microscopy, we studied full-thickness aortic wall tissue operatively excised from 118 consecutive patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. We performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify independent predictors of change in aortic root dimensions, which we measured with echocardiography after repair and every 3 months thereafter. Thirty histologically normal specimens were used as controls. Elastic fiber fragmentation was found in 74.6% of the abnormal specimens, mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation in 49.2%, smooth muscle cell nuclei loss in 39%, smooth muscle cell disorganization in 28.8%, and medial fibrosis in 52.5%. At a mean follow-up time of 83.55 ± 42.08 months, mean aortic sinotubular diameter decreased from 28.79 ± 9.15 to 27.16 ± 8.52 mm/m2 (r =-0.43; P <0.001). Aortic sinotubular diameter decreased by 0.6 mm/m2 among females (β =0.6, SE=0.31; P =0.05) and by 0.88 mm/m2 in patients who had elastic fiber fragmentation or loss (β =0.88, SE=0.38; P =0.02). In bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis, duration of follow-up emerged as an independent predictor of aortic remodeling. The aortic histopathologic changes in our patients had an independent negative impact on the degree of aortic remodeling after surgery. We observed the most improved aortic sinotubular diameter in patients who had either histologically normal aortas or aortas with elastic fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Lakshmi Kumari Sankhyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sheil Avneesh
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Cardiac Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suruchi Hasija
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhinavsingh Chauhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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8
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Ye X, Tang X, Zhao S, Ruan J, Wu M, Wang X, Li H, Zhong B. Mechanism of the growth and development of the posterior silk gland and silk secretion revealed by mutation of the fibroin light chain in silkworm. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:375-384. [PMID: 34371049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm, as a model organism, has very high economic value due to its silk secretion ability. Although a large number of studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanism of silk secretion, it remains unclear. In this study, the fibroin light chain (Fib-L) gene of silkworm was subjected to CRISPR/Cas9 editing, which yielded premature termination of translation at 135 aa. Compared with those of the wild type, the posterior silk glands (PSGs) of the homozygous mutants on the third day of the fifth instar showed obvious premature degeneration. Comparative transcriptome and proteomic analyses of the PSGs of wild-type individuals, heterozygous mutants and homozygous mutants were performed on the fourth day of the fifth instar. A GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between homozygous mutants and wild-type individuals were enriched in cytoskeleton-related terms, and a KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs between homozygous mutants and wild-type individuals were enriched in the phagosome and apoptosis pathways. These results indicated that apoptosis was activated prematurely in the PSGs of homozygous mutants. Furthermore, autophagy and heat shock response were activated in the PSGs of homozygous mutants, as demonstrated by an analysis of the DEGs related to autophagy and heat shock. A comparative proteomic analysis further confirmed that autophagy, apoptosis and the heat shock response were activated in the PSGs of homozygous mutants, which led to premature degradation of the PSGs. These results provide insights for obtaining a more in-depth understanding of the mechanism of silk secretion in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ruan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Meiyu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiping Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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9
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Mao CP, Wang SC, Su YP, Tseng SH, He L, Wu AA, Roden RBS, Xiao J, Hung CF. Protein detection in blood with single-molecule imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/33/eabg6522. [PMID: 34380620 PMCID: PMC8357237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to characterize individual biomarker protein molecules in patient blood samples could enable diagnosis of diseases at an earlier stage, when treatment is typically more effective. Single-molecule imaging offers a promising approach to accomplish this goal. However, thus far, single-molecule imaging methods have not been translated into the clinical setting. The detection limit of these methods has been confined to the picomolar (10-12 M) range, several orders of magnitude higher than the circulating concentrations of biomarker proteins present in many diseases. Here, we describe single-molecule augmented capture (SMAC), a single-molecule imaging technique to quantify and characterize individual protein molecules of interest down to the subfemtomolar (<10-15 M) range. We demonstrate SMAC in a variety of applications with human blood samples, including the analysis of disease-associated secreted proteins, membrane proteins, and rare intracellular proteins. SMAC opens the door to the application of single-molecule imaging in noninvasive disease profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Mao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Chin Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Pin Su
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liangmei He
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie A Wu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore MD, USA
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10
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Abstract
Apoptosis plays a major role in development, tissue renewal and the progression of degenerative diseases. Studies on various types of mammalian cells reported a pro-apoptotic function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), particularly in the formation of the apoptosome and the degradation of nuclear DNA. While three AChE splice variants are present in mammals, invertebrates typically express two ache genes that code for a synaptically located protein and a protein with non-synaptic functions respectively. In order to investigate a potential contribution of AChE to apoptosis in insects, we selected the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. We established primary neuronal cultures of locust brains and characterized apoptosis progression in vitro. Dying neurons displayed typical characteristics of apoptosis, including caspase-activation, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation visualized by TUNEL staining. Addition of the AChE inhibitors neostigmine and territrem B reduced apoptotic cell death under normal culture conditions. Moreover, both inhibitors completely suppressed hypoxia-induced neuronal cell death. Exposure of live animals to severe hypoxia moderately increased the expression of ace-1 in locust brains in vivo. Our results indicate a previously unreported role of AChE in insect apoptosis that parallels the pro-apoptotic role in mammalian cells. This similarity adds to the list of apoptotic mechanisms shared by mammals and insects, supporting the hypothesized existence of an ancient, complex apoptosis regulatory network present in common ancestors of vertebrates and insects.
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11
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Das V, Kaishap PP, Duarah G, Chikkaputtaiah C, Deka Boruah HP, Pal M. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of novel 8-amido isocoumarin derivatives against breast cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1437-1449. [PMID: 33649978 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isocoumarin is a lactone, a type of natural organic compound that is used as synthetic intermediates of several natural products and pharmaceutical compounds explored for their potential therapeutic applications like antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In our previous work, we were the first group to report the use of amide C-N bond of isatins as the oxidizing directing group for the synthesis of 8-amido isocoumarin derivatives. Whereas in our present work, we have screened the cytotoxic effects of novel 8-amido isocoumarin derivatives (S1-S10) in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Our novel results revealed that N-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-4-(4-propylphenyl)-1H-isochromen-8yl)acetamide (S1) and N-(4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-isochromen-8-yl) acetamide (S2) are the two potent compounds among the rest synthesized isocoumarin derivatives that are cytotoxic against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas less toxic to the non-tumorigenic IOSE-364 cells. Flow cytometry studies have confirmed the induction of apoptotic effects of compounds by Annexin V/PI double staining. We also observed the cytotoxic effects of S1 and S2, as evaluated by DAPI-PI immunostaining and H&E staining. The morphological alterations consistent with apoptotic blebs were observed in both cancer cells treated with compounds assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, this present study strongly demonstrates that 8-amido isocoumarin derivatives have potent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus , Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar ,Ghaziabaad-201002, India
| | - Partha Pratim Kaishap
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Gauri Duarah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus , Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar ,Ghaziabaad-201002, India
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus , Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar ,Ghaziabaad-201002, India
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus , Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar ,Ghaziabaad-201002, India
- Government Model College, Kaziranga, Golaghat, Assam, 785609, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus , Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar ,Ghaziabaad-201002, India.
- Guest Faculty, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Yupia, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India.
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12
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Wang Y, Peng J, Xie X, Zhang Z, Li M, Yang M. Gasdermin E-mediated programmed cell death: An unpaved path to tumor suppression. J Cancer 2021; 12:5241-5248. [PMID: 34335940 PMCID: PMC8317517 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss-associated protein gasdermin E (GSDME), an effector of secondary necrosis, has been identified in a new pathway of programmed cell death (PCD). GSDME epigenetic silencing and mutations resulting in loss-of-function have been reported in cancer tissues. Additionally, GSDME upregulation inhibits tumor proliferation as well as colony forming ability, and reduces the incidence of lymphatic metastasis, demonstrating that GSDME may act as a tumor suppressor. Here, we have focused on the molecular mechanisms of GSDME-mediated PCD, and tried to reveal the crosstalk between this cell death pathway and apoptosis, autophagy, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Moreover, we concluded the anti-cancer activity of GSDME include forming permeable membranes, and triggering anti-cancer immunity. Thus, GSDME was potential to be a novel target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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13
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Tsuji J, Thomson T, Chan E, Brown CK, Oppenheimer J, Bigelow C, Dong X, Theurkauf WE, Weng Z, Schwartz LM. High-resolution analysis of differential gene expression during skeletal muscle atrophy and programmed cell death. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:492-511. [PMID: 32926651 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00047.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can undergo atrophy and/or programmed cell death (PCD) during development or in response to a wide range of insults, including immobility, cachexia, and spinal cord injury. However, the protracted nature of atrophy and the presence of multiple cell types within the tissue complicate molecular analyses. One model that does not suffer from these limitations is the intersegmental muscle (ISM) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Three days before the adult eclosion (emergence) at the end of metamorphosis, the ISMs initiate a nonpathological program of atrophy that results in a 40% loss of mass. The ISMs then generate the eclosion behavior and initiate a nonapoptotic PCD during the next 30 h. We have performed a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis of all mRNAs and microRNAs throughout ISM development to better understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate atrophy and death. Atrophy involves enhanced protein catabolism and reduced expression of the genes involved in respiration, adhesion, and the contractile apparatus. In contrast, PCD involves the induction of numerous proteases, DNA methylases, membrane transporters, ribosomes, and anaerobic metabolism. These changes in gene expression are largely repressed when insects are injected with the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which delays death. The expression of the death-associated proteins may be greatly enhanced by reductions in specific microRNAs that function to repress translation. This study not only provides fundamental new insights into basic developmental processes, it may also represent a powerful resource for identifying potential diagnostic markers and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tsuji
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Travis Thomson
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Chan
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Brown
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - William E Theurkauf
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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14
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Sheel A, Shao R, Brown C, Johnson J, Hamilton A, Sun D, Oppenheimer J, Smith W, Visconti PE, Markstein M, Bigelow C, Schwartz LM. Acheron/Larp6 Is a Survival Protein That Protects Skeletal Muscle From Programmed Cell Death During Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:622. [PMID: 32850788 PMCID: PMC7405549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The term programmed cell death (PCD) was coined in 1965 to describe the loss of the intersegmental muscles (ISMs) of moths at the end of metamorphosis. While it was subsequently demonstrated that this hormonally controlled death requires de novo gene expression, the signal transduction pathway that couples hormone action to cell death is largely unknown. Using the ISMs from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta, we have found that Acheron/LARP6 mRNA is induced ∼1,000-fold on the day the muscles become committed to die. Acheron functions as a survival protein that protects cells until cell death is initiated at eclosion (emergence), at which point it becomes phosphorylated and degraded in response to the peptide Eclosion Hormone (EH). Acheron binds to a novel BH3-only protein that we have named BBH1 (BAD/BNIP3 homology 1). BBH1 accumulates on the day the ISMs become committed to die and is presumably liberated when Acheron is degraded. This is correlated with the release and rapid degradation of cytochrome c and the subsequent demise of the cell. RNAi experiments in the fruit fly Drosophila confirmed that loss of Acheron results in precocious ecdysial muscle death while targeting BBH1 prevents death altogether. Acheron is highly expressed in neurons and muscles in humans and drives metastatic processes in some cancers, suggesting that it may represent a novel survival protein that protects terminally differentiated cells and some cancers from death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sheel
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Rong Shao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christine Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Joanne Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Danhui Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Julia Oppenheimer
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wendy Smith
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo E Visconti
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Michele Markstein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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15
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The triazole linked galactose substituted dicyano compound can induce autophagy in NSCLC cell lines. Gene 2019; 712:143935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Priante G, Gianesello L, Ceol M, Del Prete D, Anglani F. Cell Death in the Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3598. [PMID: 31340541 PMCID: PMC6679187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is usually a response to the cell's microenvironment. In the kidney, apoptosis contributes to parenchymal cell loss in the course of acute and chronic renal injury, but does not trigger an inflammatory response. What distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis is the rupture of the plasma membrane, so necrotic cell death is accompanied by the release of unprocessed intracellular content, including cellular organelles, which are highly immunogenic proteins. The relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to injury varies, depending on the severity of the insult. Regulated cell death may result from immunologically silent apoptosis or from immunogenic necrosis. Recent advances have enhanced the most revolutionary concept of regulated necrosis. Several modalities of regulated necrosis have been described, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent regulated necrosis. We review the different modalities of apoptosis, necrosis, and regulated necrosis in kidney injury, focusing particularly on evidence implicating cell death in ectopic renal calcification. We also review the evidence for the role of cell death in kidney injury, which may pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Priante
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Lisa Gianesello
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Ceol
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Dorella Del Prete
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Franca Anglani
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Identifying Biomarkers of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Transfected Nuclear Donor Cells and Transgenic Cloned Pig Embryos. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we first investigated the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, and the inducer – rapamycin (RAPA) on the incidence of programmed cell death (PCD) symptoms during in vitro development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. The expression of autophagy inhibitor mTOR protein was decreased in porcine SCNT blastocysts treated with 3MA. The abundance of the autophagy marker LC3 increased in blastocysts following RAPA treatment. Exposure of porcine SCNT-derived embryos to 3-MA suppressed their developmental abilities to reach the blastocyst stage. No significant difference in the expression pattern of PCD-related proteins was found between non-transfected dermal cell and transfected dermal cell groups. Additionally, the pattern of PCD in SCNT-derived blastocysts generated using SC and TSC was not significantly different, and in terms of porcine SCNT-derived embryo development rates and total blastocyst cell numbers, there was no significant difference between non-transfected cells and transfected cells. In conclusion, regulation of autophagy affected the development of porcine SCNT embryos. Regardless of the type of nuclear donor cells (transfected or non-transfected dermal cells) used for SCNT, there was no difference in the developmental potential and quantitative profiles of autophagy/apoptosis biomarkers between porcine transgenic and non-transgenic cloned embryos. These results led us to conclude that PCD is important for controlling porcine SCNT-derived embryo development, and that transfected dermal cells can be utilized as a source of nuclear donors for the production of transgenic cloned progeny in pigs.
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18
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Schwartz LM. Skeletal Muscles Do Not Undergo Apoptosis During Either Atrophy or Programmed Cell Death-Revisiting the Myonuclear Domain Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1887. [PMID: 30740060 PMCID: PMC6356110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are the largest cells in the body and are one of the few syncytial ones. There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. This phenomenon is known as the “myonuclear domain hypothesis.” There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. However, there is a considerable controversy regarding the fate of pre-existing nuclei during atrophy. Many researchers have reported that atrophy is accompanied by the dramatic loss of myonuclei via apoptosis. However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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19
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Bursch W. A cell's agony of choice: how to cross the Styx? : From morphological to molecular approaches to disclose its decision. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 168:300-306. [PMID: 30141112 PMCID: PMC6132567 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The original “apoptosis–necrosis” concept was based on morphology and (patho)physiological conditions of the occurrence of cell death: (1) apoptosis, with nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation/fragmentation prominent, exclusion of autolysis, considered to result from coordinated self-destruction of a cell; (2) necrosis, with cell lysis prominent, caused by violent environmental perturbation leading to collapse of internal homeostasis. This suggestion initiated a controversial discussion within the scientific community and it soon became clear that the “apoptosis–necrosis dichotomy” was not generally applicable. Nowadays, there is sufficient evidence that cells may activate diverse suicide pathways, thereby allowing a flexible response to environmental changes, either physiological or pathological. The present paper commemorates electron microscopic and cytochemical studies on cell death of cultured human mammary carcinoma cells performed by Adi Ellinger, adding a significant contribution to recognize that autophagy can be involved in regulated cell death, thereby challenging the apoptosis–necrosis dichotomy still predominant in the 1990s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Bursch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Jang H, Kang K, El-Sayed MA. Real-time tracking of the autophagy process in living cells using plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy of fucoidan-coated gold nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5460-5465. [PMID: 32254605 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, a variety of biological assays such as immunostaining, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry have been used to analyze and trace important biological events and therapies. In addition to these techniques, the application of microscopic analytical techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy is increasing, allowing information to be obtained at the molecular level. In this study, we have conducted real-time tracking of autophagy, a cellular process that has recently been attracting significant attention. To achieve this purpose, we performed Raman spectroscopy on human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC3) incubated with bioactive molecule-modified plasmonic gold nanoparticles. The bioactive molecule-nanoparticle complexes were synthesized using fucoidan, a biopolymer that induces autophagy. By using this platform, it was possible to trace the entire autophagic process successively from cell introduction to autophagic apoptosis. This fusion of nanocomposites and spectroscopic techniques is expected to enable more complex biological processes to be pursued at the molecular level in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongje Jang
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA.
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21
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Transmission electron microscopic and immunohistochemical observations of resting follicles of feathers in chicken show massive cell degeneration. Anat Sci Int 2018; 93:548-558. [PMID: 29931653 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The molting cycle of feathers includes an anagen (growth) stage, a likely catagen stage where the feather follicles degenerate, and a resting stage where fully grown feathers remain in their follicles and are functional before molting. However, the cytological changes involved in the resting and molting stages are poorly known, so the results of an ultrastructural analysis of these processes in adult chick feathers are presented here. The study showed that the dermal papilla shrinks, and numerous cells present increased heterochromatin and free collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix. Degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the follicle-the papillary collar-occurs with an initial substantial contraction of cells followed by an increase in heterochromatin, vesicle and lipid accumulation, and membrane and organelle degeneration. Desmosomes are still present between degenerating epithelial cells, but ribosomes and tonofilaments disappear. This suggests that cell necrosis initially proceeds as a major contraction resembling apoptosis-a process termed necroptosis, which was previously also shown to occur during the formation of barbs and barbules in mature down and pennaceous feathers. This study suggests that, aside from apoptosis, the collar epithelium degenerates due to external factors, in particular the retraction of blood vessels supplying the dermal papilla. In contrast, revascularization of the dermal papilla triggers a new phase of feather growth (anagen).
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22
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Sheng J, Qin H, Zhang K, Li B, Zhang X. Targeting autophagy in chemotherapy-resistant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:354-365. [PMID: 29636994 PMCID: PMC5883089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Surgical resection is recommended for very early-stage and early-stage HCC, but HCC is still prone to recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Furthermore, treatment options for intermediate- and advanced-stage HCC are relatively limited. Systemic therapy is the preferred method to kill residual cancer cells after surgery and prolong survival time of inoperable patients, but most cases are insensitive to chemotherapeutic agents, restricting widespread clinical application of systemic therapy. Many studies have found that various chemotherapeutic drugs for HCC treatment can increase autophagic flux of HCC cells, and it may be related with enhancing drug resistance and promoting cell survival. However, enhancement of autophagic flux may also induce tumor cell death in some cases, leading to marked inconsistency across studies. Here we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the increase in autophagic flux in HCC cells induced by chemotherapeutic drugs and examined the contributions of autophagy and related pathways to chemotherapy drug resistance. Our aim was to identify potential autophagy-related targets for improving the sensitivity of HCC to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, Jilin, China
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23
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Nadal-Nicolás FM, Jiménez-López M, Salinas-Navarro M, Sobrado-Calvo P, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Microglial dynamics after axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:218. [PMID: 29121969 PMCID: PMC5679427 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial cells (MCs) are the sentries of the central nervous system. In health, they are known as surveying MCs because they examine the tissue to maintain the homeostasis. In disease, they activate and, among other functions, become phagocytic to clean the cellular debris. In this work, we have studied the behavior of rat retinal MCs in two models of unilateral complete intraorbital optic nerve axotomy which elicit a different time course of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. METHODS Albino Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into these groups: (a) intact (no surgery), (b) fluorogold (FG) tracing from the superior colliculi, and (c) FG tracing + crush or transection of the left optic nerve. The retinas were dissected from 2 days to 2 months after the lesions (n = 4-12 group/lesion and time point) and then were subjected to Brn3a and Iba1 double immunodetection. In each intact retina, the total number of Brn3a+RGCs and Iba+MCs was quantified. In each traced retina (b and c groups), FG-traced RGCs and phagocytic microglial cells (PMCs, FG+Iba+) were also quantified. Topographical distribution was assessed by neighbor maps. RESULTS In intact retinas, surveying MCs are homogenously distributed in the ganglion cell layer and the inner plexiform layer. Independently of the axotomy model, RGC death occurs in two phases, one quick and one protracted, and there is a lineal and topographical correlation between the appearance of PMCs and the loss of traced RGCs. Furthermore, the clearance of FG+RGCs by PMCs occurs 3 days after the actual loss of Brn3a expression that marks RGC death. In addition, almost 50% of MCs from the inner plexiform layer migrate to the ganglion cell layer during the quick phase of RGC loss, returning to the inner plexiform layer during the slow degeneration phase. Finally, in contrast to what happens in mice, in rats, there is no microglial phagocytosis in the contralateral uninjured retina. CONCLUSIONS Axotomy-induced RGC death occurs earlier than RGC clearance and there is an inverse correlation between RGC loss and PMC appearance, both numerically and topographically, suggesting that phagocytosis occurs as a direct response to RGC death rather than to axonal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
- Present address: Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Manuel Jiménez-López
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Sobrado-Calvo
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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24
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Chowdhury UK, Avneesh S, Ray R, Reddy SM, Kalaivani M, Hasija S, Kumari L. A Comparative Study of Histopathological Changes in the Ascending Aorta and the Risk Factors Related to Histopathological Conditions and Aortic Dilatation in Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot and a Functionally Univentricular Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:1004-1010. [PMID: 29111162 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were to prospectively evaluate the histologic characteristics of the aortic wall of patients undergoing univentricular type of repair and compare the same with the findings observed in patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). PATIENTS AND METHODS Operatively excised full-thickness aortic wall tissue from 99 consecutive patients undergoing either intracardiac repair of TOF (group I; n=42) or univentricular repair (group II; n=57) were studied by light microscopy. Age at operation was 13 months to 28 years (mean 99.97±73.21months) for group I and 9 months to 25 years (mean 79.52±60.09) months for group II patients. RESULTS Dilatation of the ascending aorta was present in 85.7% patients with TOF and 91.2% patients with a univentricular heart. Seventeen (17.2%) aortic specimens were histologically normal and were used as normal controls (group I, n=5; group II, n=12). A lamellar count of less than 60 was associated with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 66.7% in patients undergoing repair of TOF and a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 80% in patients undergoing univentricular type of repairs respectively. Patients undergoing intracardiac repair of TOF and those undergoing univentricular repair exhibited 23.67 times (15.91-147.40) and 8.48 times (3.62-15.84) increased risk of aortic dilatation respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the existence of significant elastic fragmentation, muscle disarray, medionecrosis and fibrosis involving the ascending aortic media in patients with a functionally univentricular heart and dilated aorta. These histopathological changes are similar to those encountered in patients with TOF and dilated aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal K Chowdhury
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheil Avneesh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Cardiac Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikrishna M Reddy
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suruchi Hasija
- Cardiac Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmi Kumari
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by continuous degeneration of articular cartilage resulting in disability. The death of chondrocytes and the loss of the extracellular matrix are the central peculiarities in cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis mechanism whereby cellular organelles and macromolecules are recycled to maintain cellular metabolism. Autophagy is reported to be cytoprotective effects for articular cartilage, and osteoarthritis is associated with decreased autophagy. While autophagy is known to be cytoprotective to chondrocytes, its role may vary with differing stages and models of osteoarthritis. Therefore, more in-depth studies on autophagy are needed to determine its impact on cell survival and death in articular cartilage under various in vitro and in vivo conditions. Application of autophagy on osteoarthritis therapeutics will be possible after a profound understanding is established on the role of autophagy in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelin Jeon
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang , Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang , Republic of Korea
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Mittal S, Sharma PK, Tiwari R, Rayavarapu RG, Shankar J, Chauhan LKS, Pandey AK. Impaired lysosomal activity mediated autophagic flux disruption by graphite carbon nanofibers induce apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells through oxidative stress and energetic impairment. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28454554 PMCID: PMC5408471 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphite carbon nanofibers (GCNF) have emerged as a potential alternative of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for various biomedical applications due to their superior physico-chemical properties. Therefore in-depth understanding of the GCNF induced toxic effects and underlying mechanisms in biological systems is of great interest. Currently, autophagy activation by nanomaterials is recognized as an emerging toxicity mechanism. However, the association of GCNF induced toxicity with this form of cell death is largely unknown. In this study, we have assessed the possible mechanism; especially the role of autophagy, underlying the GCNF induced toxicity. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were exposed to a range of GCNF concentrations and various cellular parameters were analyzed (up to 48 h). Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, western blot and quantitative real time PCR were performed to detect apoptosis, autophagy induction, lysosomal destabilization and cytoskeleton disruption in GCNF exposed cells. DCFDA assay was used to evaluate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Experiments with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and LC3 siRNA was carried out to confirm the involvement of oxidative stress and autophagy in GCNF induced cell death. Comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay was performed to assess the genotoxicity potential. Results In the present study, GCNF was found to induce nanotoxicity in human lung cells through autophagosomes accumulation followed by apoptosis via intracellular ROS generation. Mechanistically, impaired lysosomal function and cytoskeleton disruption mediated autophagic flux blockade was found to be the major cause of accumulation rather than autophagy induction which further activates apoptosis. The whole process was in line with the increased ROS level and their pharmacological inhibition leads to mitigation of GCNF induced cell death. Moreover the inhibition of autophagy attenuates apoptosis indicating the role of autophagy as cell death process. GCNF was also found to induce genomic instability. Conclusion Our present study demonstrates that GCNF perturbs various interrelated signaling pathway and unveils the potential nanotoxicity mechanism of GCNF through targeting ROS-autophagy-apoptosis axis. The current study is significant to evaluate the safety and risk assessment of fibrous carbon nanomaterials prior to their potential use and suggests caution on their utilization for biomedical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0194-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Mittal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Gopal Rayavarapu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Shankar
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Singh Chauhan
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India. .,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Xu Z, Lu M, Yang M, Xu W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tao L. Pyrethrum-extract induced autophagy in insect cells: A new target? PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 137:21-26. [PMID: 28364800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract (PY) is a natural insecticide that is extensively used across the world, and its insecticidal activity is attributed to the presence of six active esters known as pyrethrins. PY targets the nervous systems of insects by delaying the closure of voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the nerve cells. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicity and detailed mechanisms of PY activity. This study is aimed at understanding the toxicity effect and the underlying mechanisms of PY in cellular level, which have not yet been investigated on the non-nervous system of insects. Results of the MTT assay showed that the viability of Sf9 cells was inhibited by PY in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and observation under a microscope revealed accumulation of intracellular vacuoles. Monodansylcadaverine staining analysis and transmission electron microscope images revealed typical autophagic morphological changes in PY-treated Sf9 cells. Autophagy-related proteins such as LC3, p62, and beclin-1 were detected using by Western blotting. Protein expression levels of LC3-II and beclin-1 were upregulated while that of p62 was markedly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner upon the PY treatment in Sf9 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that PY could induce autophagy in the non-nervous system of insects which may contribute to its insecticidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Miaoqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Non-apoptotic cell death in animal development. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1326-1336. [PMID: 28211869 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important process in the development of multicellular organisms. Apoptosis, a form of PCD characterized morphologically by chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and cytoplasm compaction, and molecularly by the activation of caspase proteases, has been extensively investigated. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mice, and the developing chick have revealed, however, that developmental PCD also occurs through other mechanisms, morphologically and molecularly distinct from apoptosis. Some non-apoptotic PCD pathways, including those regulating germ cell death in Drosophila, still appear to employ caspases. However, another prominent cell death program, linker cell-type death (LCD), is morphologically conserved, and independent of the key genes that drive apoptosis, functioning, at least in part, through the ubiquitin proteasome system. These non-apoptotic processes may serve as backup programs when caspases are inactivated or unavailable, or, more likely, as freestanding cell culling programs. Non-apoptotic PCD has been documented extensively in the developing nervous system, and during the formation of germline and somatic gonadal structures, suggesting that preservation of these mechanisms is likely under strong selective pressure. Here, we discuss our current understanding of non-apoptotic PCD in animal development, and explore possible roles for LCD and other non-apoptotic developmental pathways in vertebrates. We raise the possibility that during vertebrate development, apoptosis may not be the major PCD mechanism.
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Schwartz LM, Brown C, McLaughlin K, Smith W, Bigelow C. The myonuclear domain is not maintained in skeletal muscle during either atrophy or programmed cell death. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C607-C615. [PMID: 27558160 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass can increase during hypertrophy or decline dramatically in response to normal or pathological signals that trigger atrophy. Many reports have documented that the number of nuclei within these cells is also plastic. It has been proposed that a yet-to-be-defined regulatory mechanism functions to maintain a relatively stable relationship between the cytoplasmic volume and nuclear number within the cell, a phenomenon known as the "myonuclear domain" hypothesis. While it is accepted that hypertrophy is typically associated with the addition of new nuclei to the muscle fiber from stem cells such as satellite cells, the loss of myonuclei during atrophy has been controversial. The intersegmental muscles from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta are composed of giant syncytial cells that undergo sequential developmental programs of atrophy and programmed cell death at the end of metamorphosis. Since the intersegmental muscles lack satellite cells or regenerative capacity, the tissue is not "contaminated" by these nonmuscle nuclei. Consequently, we monitored muscle mass, cross-sectional area, nuclear number, and cellular DNA content during atrophy and the early phases of cell death. Despite a ∼75-80% decline in muscle mass and cross-sectional area during the period under investigation, there were no reductions in nuclear number or DNA content, and the myonuclear domain was reduced by ∼85%. These data suggest that the myonuclear domain is not an intrinsic property of skeletal muscle and that nuclei persist through atrophy and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin McLaughlin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Smith
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Salvesen GS, Hempel A, Coll NS. Protease signaling in animal and plant-regulated cell death. FEBS J 2016; 283:2577-98. [PMID: 26648190 PMCID: PMC5606204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the proteases required for regulated cell death mechanisms in animals and plants. The aim is to be incisive, and not inclusive of all the animal proteases that have been implicated in various publications. The review also aims to focus on instances when several publications from disparate groups have demonstrated the involvement of an animal protease, and also when there is substantial biochemical, mechanistic and genetic evidence. In doing so, the literature can be culled to a handful of proteases, covering most of the known regulated cell death mechanisms: apoptosis, regulated necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis in animals. In plants, the literature is younger and not as extensive as for mammals, although the molecular drivers of vacuolar death, necrosis and the hypersensitive response in plants are becoming clearer. Each of these death mechanisms has at least one proteolytic component that plays a major role in controlling the pathway, and sometimes they combine in networks to regulate cell death/survival decision nodes. Some similarities are found among animal and plant cell death proteases but, overall, the pathways that they govern are kingdom-specific with very little overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy S. Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne Hempel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nuria Sanchez Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown that excitotoxicity can result in either neuronal necrosis (passive cell lysis associated with energy failure) or apoptosis (active cell death requiring energy production). The type of cell death encountered by neuronal cell cultures exposed to excessive levels of excitatory amino acids—such as glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, or free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2 -), which react to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-)—depends on the intensity of the exposure and may involve two temporally distinct phases. After relatively fulminant insults, an initial phase of necrosis—associated with extreme energy depletion—may simply reflect the failure of neurons to carry out the "default" apoptotic death program used to efficiently dispose of aged or otherwise unwanted cells. Neurons that survive this initial insult recover mitochondrial membrane potential and energy charge and subsequently undergo apoptosis, which seems to be associated with a factor(s) released from mitochondria. These factors have proteolytic activity or trigger the activation of proteases (caspases), ex ecutors of the cell death program. Thus, the maintenance of balanced energy production may be a decisive factor in determining the degree, type, and progression of neuronal injury caused by excitotoxins and free radicals. Increasing evidence suggests that similar events occur in vivo after ischemia or other insults, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and AIDS dementia. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:345-352, 1998
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Lipton
- CNS Research Institute Brigham and Women's Hospital
and Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts (SAL)
Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany (PN)
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- CNS Research Institute Brigham and Women's Hospital
and Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts (SAL)
Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany (PN)
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32
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Kuleesha Y, Puah WC, Wasser M. Live imaging of muscle histolysis in Drosophila metamorphosis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:12. [PMID: 27141974 PMCID: PMC4855724 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to muscle wasting disorders remains a matter of debate. Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis offers the opportunity to study muscle cell death in the context of development. Using live cell imaging of the abdomen, two groups of larval muscles can be observed, doomed muscles that undergo histolysis and persistent muscles that are remodelled and survive into adulthood. Method To identify and characterize genes that control the decision between survival and cell death of muscles, we developed a method comprising in vivo imaging, targeted gene perturbation and time-lapse image analysis. Our approach enabled us to study the cytological and temporal aspects of abnormal cell death phenotypes. Results In a previous genetic screen for genes controlling muscle size and cell death in metamorphosis, we identified gene perturbations that induced cell death of persistent or inhibit histolysis of doomed larval muscles. RNA interference (RNAi) of the genes encoding the helicase Rm62 and the lysosomal Cathepsin-L homolog Cysteine proteinase 1 (Cp1) caused premature cell death of persistent muscle in early and mid-pupation, respectively. Silencing of the transcriptional co-repressor Atrophin inhibited histolysis of doomed muscles. Overexpression of dominant-negative Target of Rapamycin (TOR) delayed the histolysis of a subset of doomed and induced ablation of all persistent muscles. RNAi of AMPKα, which encodes a subunit of the AMPK protein complex that senses AMP and promotes ATP formation, led to loss of attachment and a spherical morphology. None of the perturbations affected the survival of newly formed adult muscles, suggesting that the method is useful to find genes that are crucial for the survival of metabolically challenged muscles, like those undergoing atrophy. The ablation of persistent muscles did not affect eclosion of adult flies. Conclusions Live imaging is a versatile approach to uncover gene functions that are required for the survival of muscle undergoing remodelling, yet are dispensable for other adult muscles. Our approach promises to identify molecular mechanisms that can explain the resilience of muscles to PCD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0113-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Kuleesha
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4-2A-05, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee Choo Puah
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin Wasser
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore. .,Present address: BioImagingMW, Block 28D Dover Crescent, #31-73, Singapore, 134028, Republic of Singapore.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a primary characteristic in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Hepatic apoptosis is regulated by autophagic activity. However, mechanisms mediating their interaction remain to be determined. Basal level of autophagy ensures the physiological turnover of old and damaged organelles. Autophagy also is an adaptive response under stressful conditions. Autophagy can control cell fate through different cross-talk signals. A complex interplay between hepatic autophagy and apoptosis determines the degree of hepatic apoptosis and the progression of liver disease as demonstrated by pre-clinical models and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent advances on roles of autophagy that plays in pathophysiology of liver. The autophagic pathway can be a novel therapeutic target for liver disease.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMBRA-1, activating molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy
- APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Atg, autophagy-related gene
- BH3, Bcl-2 homology domain-3
- BNIP, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kd-interacting protein
- Barkor, Beclin-1-associated autophagy-related key regulator
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2
- Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma extra long
- Beclin-1, Bcl-2-interacting protein-1
- CSE, cigarette smoke extract
- DISC, death-inducing signaling complex
- DNA, DNA
- DRAM, damage regulated autophagic modulator
- Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1
- ER stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress
- FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
- FFA, free fatty acids
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBx, hepatitis B X protein
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- LAMP-2, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2
- LD, lipid droplets
- MDBs, Mallory-Denk bodies
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permiabilization
- Microtubule LC3, microtubule light chain 3
- PCD, programmed cell death
- PI3KC3, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase class-3
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling
- UVRAG, UV-resistance-associated gene
- Vps34, vacuolar protein sorting-34
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- c-FLIP, cellular FLICE-like inhibitor protein
- cross-talk
- liver injury
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mechanism
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- a Departments of Surgery; University of Illinois College of Medicine ; Peoria , IL , USA
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Gene delivery of osteoinductive signals to a human fetal osteoblast cell line induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:160-7. [PMID: 25787741 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery provides a powerful tool for regulating tissue regeneration by activating or inhibiting specific genes associated with targeted signaling pathways. Up-regulating bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or silencing GNAS and Noggin gene expression in stem cells has been shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone tissue formation. However, few studies have examined how such gene delivery would influence other differentiated cell types residing in the bone. In this study, we examined the effects of DNA delivery of BMP-2 and siRNA delivery of GNAS or Noggin on a widely used human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) using biomaterials-mediated gene delivery. Our results showed that both GNAS and Noggin siRNA delivery increased cell death in hFOB1.19 in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, groups treated with the highest doses of BMP-2, siGNAS or siNoggin showed a more than 50% decline in cell proliferation and a 90% decline in cell viability compared to untransfected and sham DNA/siRNA-transfected controls. TUNEL staining showed that BMP-2, siGNAS or siNoggin induced cell apoptosis in hFOBs. In contrast, cells transfected using sham DNA or siRNA showed no noticeable cell death or apoptosis. These results elucidate the nuanced responses of progenitor and immortalized cell populations to the delivery of exogenous osteoinductive genes. In particular, they highlight the differences between immortalized and primary cell lines and underscore the importance of targeted gene delivery mechanisms in the regeneration of injured bone tissue.
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Ou R, Zhang X, Cai J, Shao X, Lv M, Qiu W, Xuan X, Liu J, Li Z, Xu Y. Downregulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2 induces the autophagy of melanoma cells via AMPK/mTOR pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6485-91. [PMID: 26634742 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and causes 50,000 deaths annually worldwide. The roles of proline-dependent process and autophagy have both been reported in studies on melanoma. In the present study, we focused on the effect of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2 (PYCR2) on inducing autophagy process in melanoma. The expression of PYCR2 was regulated by an RNAi technique, and the cell proliferation of A375 cell line was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium test; the effect of PYCR2 on the apoptosis process and AMPK/mTOR pathway was evaluated by flow cytometry assay and Western blot. It was found that silence of PYCR2 resulted in the decrease of proliferative ability and activation of AMPK/mTOR-induced autophagy of A375 cells. PYCR2 silencing also activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in another melanoma cell line, CHL-1. However, the overexpression of PYCR2 seemed to make no difference to the cell viability and targeted pathway. Our results offered a preliminary illustration on the mechanism of the PYCR2-dependent autophagy and showed that PYCR2 was a potential therapeutic target of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Ou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Xueqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaohong Shao
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Mingfen Lv
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Dermatovenerology, Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Gupta G, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Herrero N, Dyson PJ, Therrien B. Increasing the selectivity of biologically active tetranuclear arene ruthenium assemblies. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a carefully choreographed process of cellular self-destruction in the absence of inflammation. During the death process, apoptotic cells actively communicate with their environment, signaling to both their immediate neighbors as well as distant sentinels. Some of these signals direct the anti-inflammatory immune response, instructing specific subsets of phagocytes to participate in the limited and careful clearance of dying cellular debris. These immunomodulatory signals can also regulate the activation state of the engulfing phagocytes. Other signals derived from apoptotic cells contribute to tissue growth control with the common goal of maintaining tissue integrity. Derangements in these growth control signals during prolonged apoptosis can lead to excessive cell loss or proliferation. Here, we highlight some of the most intriguing signals produced by apoptotic cells during the course of normal development as well as during physiological disturbances such as atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Hsu KF, Pan HA, Hsu YY, Wu CM, Chung WJ, Huang SC. Enhanced myometrial autophagy in postpartum uterine involution. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:293-302. [PMID: 25286780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the mechanisms of postpartum uterine involution, we investigated the uterine myometrial changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine groups of uterine myometrial samples from mice (n = 4) were collected on gestational Day 0 (nonpregnant), Day 1, Day 2, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21 and on postpartum Day 1, Day 2, and Day 7. Human samples of uterine myometrium on term (n = 1) and postpartum Day 1 (n = 2) were also collected. Ki-67 immunostaining was used to determine myometrial proliferation. For cell hypertrophy analysis, organelle proteins, β-actin, prohibin, calnexin, and golgin-97 were analyzed by Western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and evaluation of activated caspase-3 expression by Western blot analysis assay were used to detect apoptosis. Autophagy was assayed via the evaluation of LC3 expression by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and autophagosomes by electron microscopy. RESULTS Uterine myocytes proliferated during the early stage of gestation with a peak at Day 2, whereas myocyte hypertrophy with increased cellular organelle production occurred gradually in later stages of pregnancy. Postpartum autophagy developed abruptly in uterine myocytes without obvious apoptosis. CONCLUSION Autophagy of myocytes may play an important role in uterine involution. These results have implications for our understanding of myometrial functional adaptations during pregnancy and the physiological role of autophagy in the uterine remodeling events in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-An Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ju Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Cen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Pulliero A, Seydel A, Camoirano A, Saccà SC, Sandri M, Izzotti A. Oxidative damage and autophagy in the human trabecular meshwork as related with ageing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98106. [PMID: 24945152 PMCID: PMC4063984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process induced under stress conditions. Autophagy also plays a major role in ocular patho-physiology. Molecular aging does occur in the trabecular meshwork, the main regulator of aqueous humor outflow, and trabecular meshwork senescence is accompanied by increased oxidative stress. However, the role of autophagy in trabecular meshwork patho-physiology has not yet been examined in vivo in human ocular tissues. The purpose of the herein presented study is to evaluate autophagy occurrence in ex-vivo collected human trabecular meshwork specimens and to evaluate the relationship between autophagy, oxidative stress, and aging in this tissue. Fresh trabecular meshwork specimens were collected from 28 healthy corneal donors devoid of ocular pathologies and oxidative DNA damage, and LC3 and p62 protein expression analyzed. In a subset of 10 subjects, further to trabecular meshwork proteins, the amounts of cathepesin L and ubiquitin was analyzed by antibody microarray in aqueous humor. Obtained results demonstrate that autophagy activation, measured by LC3II/I ratio, is related with. oxidative damage occurrence during aging in human trabecular meshwork. The expression of autophagy marker p62 was lower in subjects older than 60 years as compared to younger subjects. These findings reflect the occurrence of an agedependent increase in the autophagy as occurring in the trabecular meshwork. Furthermore, we showed that aging promotes trabecular-meshwork senescence due to increased oxidative stress paralleled by autophagy increase. Indeed, both oxidative DNA damage and autophagy were more abundant in subjects older than 60 years. These findings shed new light on the role of oxidative damage and autophagy during trabecular-meshwork aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Seydel
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Camoirano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St. Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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41
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Park EJ, Zahari NEM, Kang MS, Lee SJ, Lee K, Lee BS, Yoon C, Cho MH, Kim Y, Kim JH. Toxic response of HIPCO single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:167-77. [PMID: 24929217 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic response of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (P-SWCNTs) synthesized by HIPCO method in mice and RAW264.7 cells, a murine peritoneal macrophage cell line. P-SWCNT contained a large amount of Fe ion (36 wt%). In the lungs of mice 24 h after intratracheal administration, P-SWCNTs increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1, and the number of total cells, the portion of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, also significantly increased at a 100 μg/mL of concentration. In RAW264.7 cells, cell viability and ATP production decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h after exposure, whereas the generations of ROS and NO were enhanced at all concentrations together with the activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the levels of both apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and ER stress-related proteins clearly increased, and the concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn ions, but not of Mn ions, increased in a dose-dependent manner. TEM images also revealed that P-SWCNTs induced the formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles, the dilatation of the ER, the generation of mitochondrial flocculent densities, and the separation of organelle by disappearance of the cell membrane. Taken together, we suggest that P-SWCNTs cause acute inflammatory response in the lungs of mice, and induce autophagy accompanied with apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, further study is required to elucidate how the physicochemical properties of SWCNTs determine the cell death pathway and an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nur Elida M Zahari
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang jin Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 126-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Mammi C, la Sala A, Volterrani M, Gatta L, Antelmi A, Feraco A, Caminiti G, Marazzi G, Vitale C, Caprio M, Rosano GMC. Exercise training reduces serum capacity to induce endothelial cell death in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:642-50. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mammi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea la Sala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Lucia Gatta
- Research Centre, San Raffaele; Sulmona Italy
| | - Antonella Antelmi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Nutrition; University of Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marazzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Cristiana Vitale
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Claudio Rosano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via dei Bonacolsi 81; 00163 Rome Italy
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Johnpeter JP, Gupta G, Kumar JM, Srinivas G, Nagesh N, Therrien B. Biological Studies of Chalcogenolato-Bridged Dinuclear Half-Sandwich Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13663-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4022307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Johnpeter
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gajendra Gupta
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Gunda Srinivas
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Li Y, Chen L, Mu J, Zuo J. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 interacts with catalases to regulate hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1059-70. [PMID: 23958864 PMCID: PMC3793025 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (lsd1) is an important negative regulator of programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The loss-of-function mutations in lsd1 cause runaway cell death triggered by reactive oxygen species. lsd1 encodes a novel zinc finger protein with unknown biochemical activities. Here, we report the identification of CATALASE3 (CAT3) as an lsd1-interacting protein by affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. The Arabidopsis genome contains three homologous catalase genes (CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3). Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that lsd1 interacted with all three catalases both in vitro and in vivo, and the interaction required the zinc fingers of lsd1. We found that the catalase enzymatic activity was reduced in the lsd1 mutant, indicating that the catalase enzyme activity was partially dependent on lsd1. Consistently, the lsd1 mutant was more sensitive to the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole than the wild type, suggesting that the interaction between lsd1 and catalases is involved in the regulation of the reactive oxygen species generated in the peroxisome. Genetic studies revealed that lsd1 interacted with CATALASE genes to regulate light-dependent runaway cell death and hypersensitive-type cell death. Moreover, the accumulation of salicylic acid was required for PCD regulated by the interaction between lsd1 and catalases. These results suggest that the lsd1-catalase interaction plays an important role in regulating PCD in Arabidopsis.
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45
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He FJ, Chen JQ. Consumption of soybean, soy foods, soy isoflavones and breast cancer incidence: Differences between Chinese women and women in Western countries and possible mechanisms. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hoat TX, Nakayashiki H, Yang Q, Tosa Y, Mayama S. Molecular cloning of the apoptosis-related calcium-binding protein AsALG-2 in Avena sativa. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:222-9. [PMID: 23083467 PMCID: PMC6638752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Victorin, the host-selective toxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus victoriae, induces programmed cell death (PCD) in victorin-sensitive oat lines with characteristic features of animal apoptosis, such as mitochondrial permeability transition, chromatin condensation, nuclear DNA laddering and rRNA/mRNA degradation. In this study, we characterized a calcium-binding protein, namely AsALG-2, which might have a role in the victorin-induced PCD. AsALG-2 is homologous to the Apoptosis-Linked Gene ALG-2 identified in mammalian cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that the accumulation of AsALG-2 transcripts increased during victorin-induced PCD, but not during necrotic cell death. Salicylic acid, chitosan and chitin strongly activated the expression of general defence response genes, such as PR-10; however, neither induced cell death nor the accumulation of AsALG-2 mRNA. Pharmacological studies indicated that victorin-induced DNA laddering and AsALG-2 expression were regulated through similar pathways. The calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, moderately inhibited the accumulation of AsALG-2 mRNA during cell death. Trifluoperazine (calmodulin antagonist) and K252a (serine-threonine kinase inhibitor) reduced the victorin-induced phytoalexin accumulation, but did not prevent the victorin-induced DNA laddering or accumulation of AsALG-2 mRNA. Taken together, our investigations suggest that there is a calcium-mediated signalling pathway in animal and plant PCD in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Xuan Hoat
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
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48
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Comparison of toxicity between the different-type TiO2 nanowires in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1219-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Shi R, Weng J, Zhao L, Li XM, Gao TM, Kong J. Excessive autophagy contributes to neuron death in cerebral ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 18:250-60. [PMID: 22449108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the extent to which autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. METHODS We performed immunocytochemistry, western blot, cell viability assay, and electron microscopy to analyze autophagy activities in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In both primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)for 6 h and reperfusion (RP) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, an increase of autophagy was observed as determined by the increased ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and Beclin-1 (BECN1) expression. Using Fluoro-Jade C and monodansylcadaverine double-staining, and electron microscopy we found the increment in autophagy after OGD/RP was accompanied by increased autophagic cell death, and this increased cell death was inhibited by the specific autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. The presence of large autolysosomes and numerous autophagosomes in cortical neurons were confirmed by electron microscopy. Autophagy activities were increased dramatically in the ischemic brains 3-7 days postinjury from a rat model of neonatal cerebral hypoxia/ischemia as shown by increased punctate LC3 staining and BECN1 expression. CONCLUSION Excessive activation of autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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50
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Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induce Proteomic Profile Changes in the Rat Brain Cortex. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 15:82-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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