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Kawabe Y, Komatsu S, Komatsu S, Murakami M, Ito A, Sakuma T, Nakamura T, Yamamoto T, Kamihira M. Targeted knock-in of an scFv-Fc antibody gene into the hprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and CRIS-PITCh systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 125:599-605. [PMID: 29295784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been used as host cells for the production of pharmaceutical proteins. For the high and stable production of target proteins, the transgene should be integrated into a suitable genomic locus of host cells. Here, we generated knock-in CHO cells, in which transgene cassettes without a vector backbone sequence were integrated into the hprt locus of the CHO genome using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and CRISPR-mediated precise integration into target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) systems. We investigated the efficiency of targeted knock-in of transgenes using these systems. As a practical example, we generated knock-in CHO cells producing an scFv-Fc antibody using the CRIS-PITCh system mediated by microhomology sequences for targeting. We found that the CRIS-PITCh system can facilitate targeted knock-in for CHO cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Komatsu
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shodai Komatsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mai Murakami
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Improved transgene integration into the Chinese hamster ovary cell genome using the Cre-loxP system. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Okumura T, Masuda K, Watanabe K, Miyadai K, Nonaka K, Yabuta M, Omasa T. Efficient enrichment of high-producing recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells for monoclonal antibody by flow cytometry. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:340-6. [PMID: 25683450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To screen a high-producing recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell from transfected cells is generally laborious and time-consuming. We developed an efficient enrichment strategy for high-producing cell screening using flow cytometry (FCM). A stable pool that had possibly shown a huge variety of monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression levels was prepared by transfection of an expression vector for mAb production to a CHO cell. To enrich high-producing cells derived from a stable pool stained with a fluorescent-labeled antibody that binds to mAb presented on the cell surface, we set the cell size and intracellular density gates based on forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC), and collected the brightest 5% of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-positive cells from each group by FCM. The final product concentration in a fed-batch culture of cells sorted without FSC and SSC gates was 1.2-1.3-times higher than that of unsorted cells, whereas that of cells gated by FSC and SSC was 3.4-4.7-fold higher than unsorted cells. Surprisingly, the fraction with the highest final product concentration indicated the smallest value of FSC and SSC, and the middle value of fluorescence intensity among all fractionated cells. Our results showed that our new screening strategy by FCM based on FSC and SSC gates could achieve an efficient enrichment of high-producing cells with the smallest value of FSC and SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okumura
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503, Japan; Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Kenji Masuda
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Miyadai
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yabuta
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Obayashi H, Kawabe Y, Makitsubo H, Watanabe R, Kameyama Y, Huang S, Takenouchi Y, Ito A, Kamihira M. Accumulative gene integration into a pre-determined site using Cre/loxP. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 113:381-8. [PMID: 22136795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific gene recombination systems, such as Cre/loxP, have been used for genetic modification of cells and organisms in both basic and applied research. We previously developed an accumulative gene integration system (AGIS), in which target gene cassettes could be repeatedly integrated into a pre-determined site on a plasmid or cellular genome by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), using Cre and mutated loxPs. In the present study, we designed a simplified AGIS. For gene integration into a target site, the previous system used two loxP sites in the acceptor DNA, whereas the new system uses a single loxP site. The gene integration reactions were repeated four times in vitro using Cre protein and specific plasmids. The expected integration reactions mediated by Cre occurred at the loxP sites, resulting in integration of four target genes. The system was also used for genomic integration of reporter genes using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The reporter genes were efficiently introduced into the CHO genome in a Cre-dependent manner, and transgene expression was detected after the integration reaction. The expression levels of the reporter genes were enhanced, corresponding to the increase of transgene copy number. Recombinase-mediated AGIS provides a useful tool for the modification of cellular genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Obayashi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Feederle R, Delecluse HJ, Rouault JP, Schepers A, Hammerschmidt W. Efficient somatic gene targeting in the lymphoid human cell line DG75. Gene 2004; 343:91-7. [PMID: 15563834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the different approaches used to define the function of a protein of interest, alteration and/or deletion of its encoding gene is the most direct strategy. Homologous recombination between the chromosomal gene locus and an appropriately designed targeting vector results in an alteration or knockout of the gene of interest. Homologous recombination is easily performed in yeast or in murine embryonic stem cells, but is cumbersome in more differentiated and diploid somatic cell lines. Here we describe an efficient method for targeting both alleles of a complex human gene locus in DG75 cells, a cell line of lymphoid origin. The experimental approach included a conditional knockout strategy with three genotypic markers, which greatly facilitated the generation and phenotypic identification of targeted recombinant cells. The vector was designed such that it could be reused for two consecutive rounds of recombination to target both alleles. The human DG75 cell line appears similar to the chicken DT40 pre B-cell line, which supports efficient homologous recombination. Therefore, the DG75 cell line is a favorable addition to the limited number of cell lines amenable to gene targeting and should prove useful for studying gene function through targeted gene alteration or deletion in human somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Feederle
- Department of Gene Vectors, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Marchioninistr. 25, Munich D-81377, Germany
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Abstract
The process of aging is controlled and influenced by genes and gene expression. Dissecting the roles individual genes play in aging requires molecular tools for manipulation of gene expression in a wide variety of experimental model systems. These tools include homologous recombination-based methods for the activation and repression of gene expression, gene activation by random insertion of strong promoters, the use of engineered dominant negative mutants, inhibition with antisense oligonucleotides, minor groove binding small molecules and via RNAi and the use of engineered transcription factors to either activate or repress endogenous gene expression.
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Hirata R, Chamberlain J, Dong R, Russell DW. Targeted transgene insertion into human chromosomes by adeno-associated virus vectors. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:735-8. [PMID: 12089561 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0702-735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods are needed for the precise genetic manipulation of diploid human cells, in which cellular senescence and low conventional gene targeting rates limit experimental and therapeutic options. We have shown previously that linear, single-stranded DNA vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) could accurately introduce small (<20 bp) genetic modifications into homologous human chromosomal sequences. Here we have used AAV vectors to introduce large (>1 kb) functional transgene cassettes into the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and Type I collagen (COL1A1) loci in normal human fibroblasts. The transgene cassettes are inserted at high frequencies (1% of the total cell population under optimal conditions) and without secondary mutations. Selection for the inserted transgene cassette can be used to enrich for targeting events, such that >70% of surviving cells have undergone gene targeting with an appropriately designed vector. This approach should prove useful both for functional genomic analysis in diploid human cells and for therapeutic gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Hirata
- Department of Medicine, Mailstop 357720, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,, USA
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Abstract
Until recently genetically modified livestock could only be generated by pronuclear injection. The discovery that animals can be cloned by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells means that it will now be possible to achieve gene targeting in these species. We discuss current developments in NT, the prospects and technical challenges for introducing targeted changes into the germline by this route, and the types of application for which this new technology will be used.
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Inoue N, Hirata RK, Russell DW. High-fidelity correction of mutations at multiple chromosomal positions by adeno-associated virus vectors. J Virol 1999; 73:7376-80. [PMID: 10438827 PMCID: PMC104264 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.9.7376-7380.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene targeting techniques used to modify chromosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells have had limited success with many other cell types, especially normal primary cells with restricted growth capacity outside the organism. This is due in large part to the technical problems and/or inefficiency of conventional DNA transfer methods, as well as the low rates of homologous recombination obtained in unselected cell populations. We recently described an alternative approach in which adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to modify homologous chromosomal sequences, and targeting rates close to 1% were observed at the single copy hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus in normal human cells (D. W. Russell and R. K. Hirata, Nat. Genet. 18:325-330, 1998). Here we report experiments in which we used a retroviral shuttle vector system to introduce and characterize target loci in human chromosomes, and demonstrate that AAV vectors can correct several types of mutations with high fidelity, independent of chromosomal position. The gene targeting rates varied depending on the type of mutation being corrected, implicating cellular mismatch recognition functions in the reaction. Since AAV vectors can efficiently deliver DNA to many cell types both in vivo and ex vivo, our results suggest that AAV-mediated gene targeting will have wide applicability, including therapeutic gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inoue
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7720, USA
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