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Huang M, Liu YU, Yao X, Qin D, Su H. Variability in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: geographic patterns, clinical heterogeneity, molecular alterations, and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38811997 PMCID: PMC11138100 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, resulting in global health burden and limited post-diagnosis life expectancy. Although primarily sporadic, familial ALS (fALS) cases suggest a genetic basis. This review focuses on SOD1, the first gene found to be associated with fALS, which has been more recently confirmed by genome sequencing. While informative, databases such as ALSoD and STRENGTH exhibit regional biases. Through a systematic global examination of SOD1 mutations from 1993 to 2023, we found different geographic distributions and clinical presentations. Even though different SOD1 variants are expressed at different protein levels and have different half-lives and dismutase activities, these alterations lead to loss of function that is not consistently correlated with disease severity. Gain of function of toxic aggregates of SOD1 resulting from mutated SOD1 has emerged as one of the key contributors to ALS. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting toxic gain of function of mutant SOD1, including RNA interference and antibodies, show promise, but a cure remains elusive. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on SOD1-associated ALS and describes molecular features and the complex genetic landscape of SOD1, highlighting its importance in determining diverse clinical manifestations observed in ALS patients and emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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2
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Bove M, Morgese MG, Dimonte S, Sikora V, Agosti LP, Palmieri MA, Tucci P, Schiavone S, Trabace L. Increased stress vulnerability in the offspring of socially isolated rats: Behavioural, neurochemical and redox dysfunctions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110945. [PMID: 38242425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Stressful events during pregnancy impact on the progeny neurodevelopment. However, little is known about preconceptional stress effects. The rat social isolation represents an animal model of chronic stress inducing a variety of dysfunctions. Moreover, social deprivation during adolescence interferes with key neurodevelopmental processes. Here, we investigated the development of behavioural, neurochemical and redox alterations in the male offspring of socially isolated female rats before pregnancy, reared in group (GRP) or in social isolation (ISO) from weaning until young-adulthood. To this aim, females were reared in GRP or in ISO conditions, from PND21 to PND70, when they were mated. Their male offspring was housed in GRP or ISO conditions through adolescence and until PND70, when passive avoidance-PA, novel object recognition-NOR and open field-OF tests were performed. Levels of noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamate (GLU) and GABA were assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, cortical ROS levels were quantified, as well as NF-kB and the NADPH oxidase NOX2 expression, redox status (expressed as GSH:GSSG ratio) and SOD1 amount. A significant decrease of the latency time in the PA was observed in the offspring of ISO females. In the NOR test, while a significant increase in the exploratory activity towards the novel object was observed in the offspring of GRP females, no significant differences were found in the offspring of ISO females. No significant differences were found in the OF test among experimental groups. Theoffspring of ISO females showed increased NA and 5-HIAA levels, whereas in the offspring persistently housed in isolation condition from weaninguntil adulthood, we detected reduced 5-HT levels and ehnanced 5-HIAA amount. No significant changes in GLU concentrations were detected, while decreased GABA content was observed in the offspring of ISO females exposed to social isolation. Increased ROS levels as well as reduced NF-κB, NOX2 expression were detected in the offspring of ISO females. This was accompanied by reduced redox status and enhanced SOD1 levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that female exposure to chronic social stress before pregnancy might have a profound influence on the offspring neurodevelopment in terms of cognitive, neurochemical and redox-related alterations, identifying this specific time window for possible preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Lisa Pia Agosti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Palmieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
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3
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Kalia M, Miotto M, Ness D, Opie-Martin S, Spargo TP, Di Rienzo L, Biagini T, Petrizzelli F, Al Khleifat A, Kabiljo R, Mazza T, Ruocco G, Milanetti E, Dobson RJB, Al-Chalabi A, Iacoangeli A. Molecular dynamics analysis of superoxide dismutase 1 mutations suggests decoupling between mechanisms underlying ALS onset and progression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5296-5308. [PMID: 37954145 PMCID: PMC10637862 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are the second most common known cause of ALS. SOD1 variants express high phenotypic variability and over 200 have been reported in people with ALS. It was previously proposed that variants can be broadly classified in two groups, 'wild-type like' (WTL) and 'metal binding region' (MBR) variants, based on their structural location and biophysical properties. MBR variants, but not WTL variants, were associated with a reduction of SOD1 enzymatic activity. In this study we used molecular dynamics and large clinical datasets to characterise the differences in the structural and dynamic behaviour of WTL and MBR variants with respect to the wild-type SOD1, and how such differences influence the ALS clinical phenotype. Our study identified marked structural differences, some of which are observed in both variant groups, while others are group specific. Moreover, collecting clinical data of approximately 500 SOD1 ALS patients carrying variants, we showed that the survival time of patients carrying an MBR variant is generally longer (∼6 years median difference, p < 0.001) with respect to patients with a WTL variant. In conclusion, our study highlighted key differences in the dynamic behaviour between WTL and MBR SOD1 variants, and between variants and wild-type SOD1 at an atomic and molecular level, that could be further investigated to explain the associated phenotypic variability. Our results support the hypothesis of a decoupling between mechanisms of onset and progression of SOD1 ALS, and an involvement of loss-of-function of SOD1 with the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishikha Kalia
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Mattia Miotto
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Ness
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah Opie-Martin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas P. Spargo
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Rienzo
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrizzelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Renata Kabiljo
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard JB Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- Clinical Neurosciences, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Xu L, Wang D, Zhao L, Yang Z, Liu X, Li X, Yuan T, Wang Y, Huang T, Bian N, He Y, Chen X, Tian B, Liu Z, Luo F, Si W, Gao G, Ji W, Niu Y, Wei J. C9orf72 poly(PR) aggregation in nucleus induces ALS/FTD-related neurodegeneration in cynomolgus monkeys. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106197. [PMID: 37328037 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(PR) is a dipeptide repeat protein comprising proline and arginine residues. It is one of the translational product of expanded G4C2 repeats in the C9orf72 gene, and its accumulation is contributing to the neuropathogenesis of C9orf72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). In this study, we demonstrate that poly(PR) protein alone is sufficient to induce neurodegeneration related to ALS/FTD in cynomolgus monkeys. By delivering poly(PR) via AAV, we observed that the PR proteins were located within the nucleus of infected cells. The expression of (PR)50 protein, consisting of 50 PR repeats, led to increased loss of cortical neurons, cytoplasmic lipofuscin, and gliosis in the brain, as well as demyelination and loss of ChAT positive neurons in the spinal cord of monkeys. While, these pathologies were not observed in monkeys expressing (PR)5, a protein comprising only 5 PR repeats. Furthermore, the (PR)50-expressing monkeys exhibited progressive motor deficits, cognitive impairment, muscle atrophy, and abnormal electromyography (EMG) potentials, which closely resemble clinical symptoms seen in C9-ALS/FTD patients. By longitudinally tracking these monkeys, we found that changes in cystatin C and chitinase-1 (CHIT1) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) corresponded to the phenotypic progression of (PR)50-induced disease. Proteomic analysis revealed that the major clusters of dysregulated proteins were nuclear-localized, and downregulation of the MECP2 protein was implicated in the toxic process of poly(PR). This research indicates that poly(PR) expression alone induces neurodegeneration and core phenotypes associated with C9-ALS/FTD in monkeys, which may provide insights into the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhengsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tianzhuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ning Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuqun He
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Baohong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fucheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yuyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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5
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Ladouce R, Combes GF, Trajković K, Drmić Hofman I, Merćep M. Oxime blot: A novel method for reliable and sensitive detection of carbonylated proteins in diverse biological systems. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102743. [PMID: 37207613 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative protein damage occur in various biological processes and diseases. The carbonyl group on amino acid side chains is the most widely used protein oxidation biomarker. Carbonyl groups are commonly detected indirectly through their reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent labeling with an anti-DNP antibody. However, the DNPH immunoblotting method lacks protocol standardization, exhibits technical bias, and has low reliability. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a new blotting method in which the carbonyl group reacts with the biotin-aminooxy probe to form a chemically stable oxime bond. The reaction speed and the extent of the carbonyl group derivatization are increased by adding a p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) catalyst under neutral pH conditions. These improvements are crucial since they ensure that the carbonyl derivatization reaction reaches a plateau within hours and increases the sensitivity and robustness of protein carbonyl detection. Furthermore, derivatization under pH-neutral conditions facilitates a good SDS-PAGE protein migration pattern, avoids protein loss by acidic precipitation, and is directly compatible with protein immunoprecipitation. This work describes the new Oxime blot method and demonstrates its use in detecting protein carbonylation in complex matrices from diverse biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Ladouce
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Fabien Combes
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Trajković
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Irena Drmić Hofman
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Mladen Merćep
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia; Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia; Zora Foundation, Ruđera Boškovića 21, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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6
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Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Kinger S, Dubey AR, Choudhary A, Gutti RK, Singh S, Jha HC, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Disturb mitochondrial associated proteostasis: Neurodegeneration and imperfect ageing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1146564. [PMID: 36968195 PMCID: PMC10036443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance in mitochondrial functions and homeostasis are the major features of neuron degenerative conditions, like Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, along with protein misfolding. The aberrantly folded proteins are known to link with impaired mitochondrial pathways, further contributing to disease pathogenesis. Despite their central significance, the implications of mitochondrial homeostasis disruption on other organelles and cellular processes remain insufficiently explored. Here, we have reviewed the dysfunction in mitochondrial physiology, under neuron degenerating conditions. The disease misfolded proteins impact quality control mechanisms of mitochondria, such as fission, fusion, mitophagy, and proteasomal clearance, to the detriment of neuron. The adversely affected mitochondrial functional roles, like oxidative phosphorylation, calcium homeostasis, and biomolecule synthesis as well as its axes and contacts with endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are also discussed. Mitochondria sense and respond to multiple cytotoxic stress to make cell adapt and survive, though chronic dysfunction leads to cell death. Mitochondria and their proteins can be candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Investigation of internetworking between mitochondria and neurodegeneration proteins can enhance our holistic understanding of such conditions and help in designing more targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Simrol, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Mishra,
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7
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Yadav A, Matson KJE, Li L, Hua I, Petrescu J, Kang K, Alkaslasi MR, Lee DI, Hasan S, Galuta A, Dedek A, Ameri S, Parnell J, Alshardan MM, Qumqumji FA, Alhamad SM, Wang AP, Poulen G, Lonjon N, Vachiery-Lahaye F, Gaur P, Nalls MA, Qi YA, Maric D, Ward ME, Hildebrand ME, Mery PF, Bourinet E, Bauchet L, Tsai EC, Phatnani H, Le Pichon CE, Menon V, Levine AJ. A cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord. Neuron 2023; 111:328-344.e7. [PMID: 36731429 PMCID: PMC10044516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian spinal cord functions as a community of cell types for sensory processing, autonomic control, and movement. While animal models have advanced our understanding of spinal cellular diversity, characterizing human biology directly is important to uncover specialized features of basic function and human pathology. Here, we present a cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord using single-nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and antibody validation. We identified 29 glial clusters and 35 neuronal clusters, organized principally by anatomical location. To demonstrate the relevance of this resource to human disease, we analyzed spinal motoneurons, which degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other diseases. We found that compared with other spinal neurons, human motoneurons are defined by genes related to cell size, cytoskeletal structure, and ALS, suggesting a specialized molecular repertoire underlying their selective vulnerability. We include a web resource to facilitate further investigations into human spinal cord biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaya J E Matson
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Li Li
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Hua
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana Petrescu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy Kang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mor R Alkaslasi
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dylan I Lee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saadia Hasan
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Galuta
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annemarie Dedek
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Ameri
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Parnell
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Saud M Alhamad
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alick Pingbei Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gaetan Poulen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vachiery-Lahaye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Pallavi Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Yue A Qi
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Hildebrand
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre-Francois Mery
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve C Tsai
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ariel J Levine
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Switzer CH, Kasamatsu S, Ihara H, Eaton P. SOD1 is an essential H 2S detoxifying enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2205044120. [PMID: 36630448 PMCID: PMC9934061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205044120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule with antioxidant properties, it is also cytotoxic by potently inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial respiration. Paradoxically, the primary route of H2S detoxification is thought to occur inside the mitochondrial matrix via a series of relatively slow enzymatic reactions that are unlikely to compete with its rapid inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Therefore, alternative or complementary cellular mechanisms of H2S detoxification are predicted to exist. Here, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SOD1) is shown to be an efficient H2S oxidase that has an essential role in limiting cytotoxicity from endogenous and exogenous sulfide. Decreased SOD1 expression resulted in increased sensitivity to H2S toxicity in yeast and human cells, while increased SOD1 expression enhanced tolerance to H2S. SOD1 rapidly converted H2S to sulfate under conditions of limiting sulfide; however, when sulfide was in molar excess, SOD1 catalyzed the formation of per- and polysulfides, which induce cellular thiol oxidation. Furthermore, in SOD1-deficient cells, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species catalyzed sulfide oxidation to per- and polysulfides. These data reveal that a fundamental function of SOD1 is to regulate H2S and related reactive sulfur species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, LondonEC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, LondonEC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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9
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Younger DS. Neurogenetic motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:183-250. [PMID: 37562870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of neurogenetics have practical applications in rapid diagnosis on blood and body fluids to extract DNA, obviating the need for invasive investigations. The ability to obtain a presymptomatic diagnosis through genetic screening and biomarkers can be a guide to life-saving disease-modifying therapy or enzyme replacement therapy to compensate for the deficient disease-causing enzyme. The benefits of a comprehensive neurogenetic evaluation extend to family members in whom identification of the causal gene defect ensures carrier detection and at-risk counseling for future generations. This chapter explores the many facets of the neurogenetic evaluation in adult and pediatric motor disorders as a primer for later chapters in this volume and a roadmap for the future applications of genetics in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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10
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Abstract
The scientific landscape surrounding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has shifted immensely with a number of well-defined ALS disease-causing genes, each with related phenotypical and cellular motor neuron processes that have come to light. Yet in spite of decades of research and clinical investigation, there is still no etiology for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and treatment options even for those with well-defined familial syndromes are still limited. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the genetic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, highlighting factors that contribute to its heritability and phenotypic manifestations, and an overview of past, present, and upcoming therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Donna M. and Robert J. Manning Chair in Neurosciences and Director in Neurotherapeutics, Worcester, MA, United States
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11
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Molecular Investigations of Protein Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010704. [PMID: 36614144 PMCID: PMC9820914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of lower and upper motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and eventually death due to respiratory insufficiency. Although the fundamental physiological mechanisms underlying ALS are not completely understood, the key neuropathological hallmarks of ALS pathology are the aggregation and accumulation of ubiquitinated protein inclusions within the cytoplasm of degenerating MNs. Herein, we discuss recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that lead to the accumulation of protein aggregates in ALS. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and may open novel avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Kumar MS, Fowler-Magaw ME, Kulick D, Boopathy S, Gadd DH, Rotunno M, Douthwright C, Golebiowski D, Yusuf I, Xu Z, Brown RH, Sena-Esteves M, O’Neil AL, Bosco DA. Anti-SOD1 Nanobodies That Stabilize Misfolded SOD1 Proteins Also Promote Neurite Outgrowth in Mutant SOD1 Human Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416013. [PMID: 36555655 PMCID: PMC9784173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS-linked mutations induce aberrant conformations within the SOD1 protein that are thought to underlie the pathogenic mechanism of SOD1-mediated ALS. Although clinical trials are underway for gene silencing of SOD1, these approaches reduce both wild-type and mutated forms of SOD1. Here, we sought to develop anti-SOD1 nanobodies with selectivity for mutant and misfolded forms of human SOD1 over wild-type SOD1. Characterization of two anti-SOD1 nanobodies revealed that these biologics stabilize mutant SOD1 in vitro. Further, SOD1 expression levels were enhanced and the physiological subcellular localization of mutant SOD1 was restored upon co-expression of anti-SOD1 nanobodies in immortalized cells. In human motor neurons harboring the SOD1 A4V mutation, anti-SOD1 nanobody expression promoted neurite outgrowth, demonstrating a protective effect of anti-SOD1 nanobodies in otherwise unhealthy cells. In vitro assays revealed that an anti-SOD1 nanobody exhibited selectivity for human mutant SOD1 over endogenous murine SOD1, thus supporting the preclinical utility of anti-SOD1 nanobodies for testing in animal models of ALS. In sum, the anti-SOD1 nanobodies developed and presented herein represent viable biologics for further preclinical testing in human and mouse models of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sundaram Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Megan E. Fowler-Magaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel Kulick
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Del Hayden Gadd
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Catherine Douthwright
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Diane Golebiowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Issa Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zuoshang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert H. Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alison L. O’Neil
- Department of Chemistry, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Daryl A. Bosco
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(774)-445-3745; Fax: +1-(508)-856-6750
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13
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Hasina Z, Wang N, Wang CC. Developmental Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration of Down Syndrome: Current Knowledge in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877711. [PMID: 35676933 PMCID: PMC9168127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from developmental delay, intellectual disability, and an early-onset of neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s-like disease, or precocious dementia due to an extra chromosome 21. Studying the changes in anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels involved may help to understand the pathogenesis and develop target treatments, not just medical, but also surgical, cell and gene therapy, etc., for individuals with DS. Here we aim to identify key neurodevelopmental manifestations, locate knowledge gaps, and try to build molecular networks to better understand the mechanisms and clinical importance. We summarize current information about the neuropathology and neurodegeneration of the brain from conception to adulthood of foetuses and individuals with DS at anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels in humans. Understanding the alterations and characteristics of developing Down syndrome will help target treatment to improve the clinical outcomes. Early targeted intervention/therapy for the manifestations associated with DS in either the prenatal or postnatal period may be useful to rescue the neuropathology and neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnat Hasina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicole Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Chiu Wang,
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14
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Trist BG, Genoud S, Roudeau S, Rookyard A, Abdeen A, Cottam V, Hare DJ, White M, Altvater J, Fifita JA, Hogan A, Grima N, Blair IP, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Carmona A, Rufin Y, Claverol S, Van Malderen S, Falkenberg G, Paterson DJ, Smith B, Troakes C, Vance C, Shaw CE, Al-Sarraj S, Cordwell S, Halliday G, Ortega R, Double KL. Altered SOD1 maturation and post-translational modification in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. Brain 2022; 145:3108-3130. [PMID: 35512359 PMCID: PMC9473357 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant self-assembly and toxicity of wild-type and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has been widely examined in silico, in vitro, and in transgenic animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Detailed examination of the protein in disease-affected tissues from ALS patients, however, remains scarce. We employed histological, biochemical and analytical techniques to profile alterations to SOD1 protein deposition, subcellular localization, maturation and post-translational modification in post-mortem spinal cord tissues from ALS cases and controls. Tissues were dissected into ventral and dorsal spinal cord grey matter to assess the specificity of alterations within regions of motor neuron degeneration. We provide evidence of the mislocalization and accumulation of structurally-disordered, immature SOD1 protein conformers in spinal cord motor neurons of SOD1-linked and non-SOD1-linked familial ALS cases, and sporadic ALS cases, compared with control motor neurons. These changes were collectively associated with instability and mismetallation of enzymatically-active SOD1 dimers, as well as alterations to SOD1 post-translational modifications and molecular chaperones governing SOD1 maturation. Atypical changes to SOD1 protein were largely restricted to regions of neurodegeneration in ALS cases, and clearly differentiated all forms of ALS from controls. Substantial heterogeneity in the presence of these changes was also observed between ALS cases. Our data demonstrates that varying forms of SOD1 proteinopathy are a common feature of all forms of ALS, and support the presence of one or more convergent biochemical pathways leading to SOD1 proteinopathy in ALS. The majority of these alterations are specific to regions of neurodegeneration, and may therefore constitute valid targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sian Genoud
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stéphane Roudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Alexander Rookyard
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amr Abdeen
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Veronica Cottam
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic J Hare
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Melanie White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jens Altvater
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Hogan
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Grima
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Asuncion Carmona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Yann Rufin
- Plateforme Biochimie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Stijn Van Malderen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bradley Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, SE5 9RT, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, SE5 9RT, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Stuart Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Ortega
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Wang XL, Jiang RW. Therapeutic Potential of Superoxide Dismutase Fused with Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2287-2298. [PMID: 35227183 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220228150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a well-known cellular antioxidant enzyme. However, exogenous SOD cannot be used to protect tissues from oxidative damage due to the low permeability of the cell membrane. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a class of short peptides that can cross the cell membrane. Recombinant fusion protein that fuses SOD protein with CPP (CPP-SOD) can cross various tissues and organs as well as the blood-brain barrier. CPP-SODs can relieve severe oxidative damage in various tissues caused by radiation, ischemia, inflammation, and chemotherapy by clearing the reactive oxygen species, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, the clinical application of CPP-SODs provide new therapeutic strategies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, obesity, cardiac fibrosis, and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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16
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Hydrogen Peroxide and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Biochemistry to Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010052. [PMID: 35052556 PMCID: PMC8773294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are unstable chemical reactive species produced during Redox dyshomeostasis (RDH) inside living cells and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most complicated and life-threatening motor neurodegenerative diseases (MND) is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the poor understanding of its pathophysiology and absence of an effective treatment for its cure. During the last 25 years, researchers around the globe have focused their interest on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD, SOD1) protein after the landmark discovery of mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) gene as a risk factor for ALS. Substantial evidence suggests that toxic gain of function due to redox disturbance caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes the biophysical properties of native SOD1 protein thus, instigating its fibrillization and misfolding. These abnormal misfolding aggregates or inclusions of SOD1 play a role in the pathogenesis of both forms of ALS, i.e., Sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial ALS (fALS). However, what leads to a decrease in the stability and misfolding of SOD1 is still in question and our scientific knowledge is scarce. A large number of studies have been conducted in this area to explore the biochemical mechanistic pathway of SOD1 aggregation. Several studies, over the past two decades, have shown that the SOD1-catalyzed biochemical reaction product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a pathological concentration act as a substrate to trigger the misfolding trajectories and toxicity of SOD1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. These toxic aggregates of SOD1 also cause aberrant localization of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), which is characteristic of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) found in ALS. Here in this review, we present the evidence implicating the pivotal role of H2O2 in modulating the toxicity of SOD1 in the pathophysiology of the incurable and highly complex disease ALS. Also, highlighting the role of H2O2 in ALS, we believe will encourage scientists to target pathological concentrations of H2O2 thereby halting the misfolding of SOD1.
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17
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Anoar S, Woodling NS, Niccoli T. Mitochondria Dysfunction in Frontotemporal Dementia/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Lessons From Drosophila Models. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:786076. [PMID: 34899176 PMCID: PMC8652125 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.786076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by declining motor and cognitive functions. Even though these diseases present with distinct sets of symptoms, FTD and ALS are two extremes of the same disease spectrum, as they show considerable overlap in genetic, clinical and neuropathological features. Among these overlapping features, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both FTD and ALS. Recent studies have shown that cells derived from patients' induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)s display mitochondrial abnormalities, and similar abnormalities have been observed in a number of animal disease models. Drosophila models have been widely used to study FTD and ALS because of their rapid generation time and extensive set of genetic tools. A wide array of fly models have been developed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity for mutations associated with FTD/ALS. Fly models have been often instrumental in understanding the role of disease associated mutations in mitochondria biology. In this review, we discuss how mutations associated with FTD/ALS disrupt mitochondrial function, and we review how the use of Drosophila models has been pivotal to our current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Anoar
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel S Woodling
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Ricci C, Giannini F, Riolo G, Bocci S, Casali S, Battistini S. A Novel Variant in Superoxide Dismutase 1 Gene ( p.V119M) in Als Patients with Pure Lower Motor Neuron Presentation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101544. [PMID: 34680939 PMCID: PMC8535540 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. Most cases of ALS appear sporadically, but 5–10% of patients have a family history of disease. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) have been found in 12–23% of familial cases and in 1–2% of sporadic cases. Currently, more than 180 different SOD1 gene variants have been identified in ALS patients. Here, we describe two apparently sporadic ALS patients carrying the same SOD1 c.355G>A variant, leading to the p.V119M substitution, not previously described. Both the patients showed pure lower motor neuron phenotype. The former presented with the flail leg syndrome, a rare ALS variant, characterized by progressive distal onset weakness and atrophy of lower limbs, slow progression and better survival than typical ALS. The latter exhibited rapidly progressive weakness of upper and lower limbs, neither upper motor neuron nor bulbar involvement, and shorter survival than typical ALS. We provide an accurate description of the phenotype, and a bioinformatics analysis of the p.V119M variant on protein structure. This study may increase the knowledge about genotype-phenotype correlations in ALS and improve the approach to ALS patients.
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19
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Zhang B, Wang L, Zhan A, Wang M, Tian L, Guo W, Pan Y. Long-term exposure to a hypomagnetic field attenuates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1174. [PMID: 33608552 PMCID: PMC7896063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to learning and memory, and is sensitive to a variety of environmental stimuli. Exposure to a hypomagnetic field (HMF) influences the cognitive processes of various animals, from insects to human beings. However, whether HMF exposure affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent cognitions is still an enigma. Here, we showed that male C57BL/6 J mice exposed to HMF by means of near elimination of the geomagnetic field (GMF) exhibit significant impairments of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent learning, which is strongly correlated with a reduction in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, these deficits seen in HMF-exposed mice could be rescued either by elevating ROS levels through pharmacological inhibition of ROS removal or by returning them back to GMF. Therefore, our results suggest that GMF plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis through maintaining appropriate endogenous ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Zhang
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aisheng Zhan
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxiang Tian
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Weixiang Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Does wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase have pathogenic roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:33. [PMID: 32811540 PMCID: PMC7437001 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by adult-onset progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing numbers of genes are found to be associated with ALS; among those, the first identified gene, SOD1 coding a Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase protein (SOD1), has been regarded as the gold standard in the research on a pathomechanism of ALS. Abnormal accumulation of misfolded SOD1 in affected spinal motor neurons has been established as a pathological hallmark of ALS caused by mutations in SOD1 (SOD1-ALS). Nonetheless, involvement of wild-type SOD1 remains quite controversial in the pathology of ALS with no SOD1 mutations (non-SOD1 ALS), which occupies more than 90% of total ALS cases. In vitro studies have revealed post-translationally controlled misfolding and aggregation of wild-type as well as of mutant SOD1 proteins; therefore, SOD1 proteins could be a therapeutic target not only in SOD1-ALS but also in more prevailing cases, non-SOD1 ALS. In order to search for evidence on misfolding and aggregation of wild-type SOD1 in vivo, we reviewed pathological studies using mouse models and patients and then summarized arguments for and against possible involvement of wild-type SOD1 in non-SOD1 ALS as well as in SOD1-ALS.
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21
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Nucleation and kinetics of SOD1 aggregation in human cells for ALS1. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:117-128. [PMID: 32056106 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant structural formations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD1) are the probable mechanism by which circumscribed mutations in the SOD1 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS1). SOD1 forms aberrant structures which can proceed by nucleation to insoluble aggregates. Here, the SOD1 aggregation reaction was investigated predominantly by time-course studies on ALS1 variants G85R, G37R, D101G, and D101N in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293FT), with analysis by detergent ultracentrifugation extractions and high-resolution PAGE methodologies. Nucleation was found to be pseudo-zeroth order and dependent on time and concentration at constant 37.0 °C and pH 7.4. The predominant subsets of the total SOD1 expression set which comprised the nucleation phase were both soluble and insoluble inactive monomers, trimers, and hexamers with reduced intra-disulfide bonds. Superoxide exposure via paraquat initiated the formation of SOD1 trimers in untransfected SH-SY5Y cells and increased the aggregation propensity of G85R in HEK293FT. These data show the kinetic formation of aberrant SOD1 subsets implicated in ALS1 and indicate that superoxide substrate may initiate its radical polymerization. In an instance of the utility of methodological reductionism in molecular theory: though many ALS1 variants retain their global enzymatic activity, the SOD1 subsets most implicated in causing ALS1 do not retain their specific activity.
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Abstract
Few proteins have come under such intense scrutiny as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). For almost a century, scientists have dissected its form, function and then later its malfunction in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We now know SOD1 is a zinc and copper metalloenzyme that clears superoxide as part of our antioxidant defence and respiratory regulation systems. The possibility of reduced structural integrity was suggested by the first crystal structures of human SOD1 even before deleterious mutations in the sod1 gene were linked to the ALS. This concept evolved in the intervening years as an impressive array of biophysical studies examined the characteristics of mutant SOD1 in great detail. We now recognise how ALS-related mutations perturb the SOD1 maturation processes, reduce its ability to fold and reduce its thermal stability and half-life. Mutant SOD1 is therefore predisposed to monomerisation, non-canonical self-interactions, the formation of small misfolded oligomers and ultimately accumulation in the tell-tale insoluble inclusions found within the neurons of ALS patients. We have also seen that several post-translational modifications could push wild-type SOD1 down this toxic pathway. Recently we have come to view ALS as a prion-like disease where both the symptoms, and indeed SOD1 misfolding itself, are transmitted to neighbouring cells. This raises the possibility of intervention after the initial disease presentation. Several small-molecule and biologic-based strategies have been devised which directly target the SOD1 molecule to change the behaviour thought to be responsible for ALS. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the many biophysical advances that sculpted our view of SOD1 biology and the recent work that aims to apply this knowledge for therapeutic outcomes in ALS.
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23
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Fagová Z, Domoráková I, Danková M, Mechírová E, Kunová A, Stebnický M. Ubiquitin and endogenous antioxidant enzymes participate in neuroprotection of the rabbit spinal cord after ischemia and bradykinin postconditioning. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:732-741. [PMID: 31270014 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate neuroprotective effect of bradykinin postconditioning on the rabbit spinal cord after 20 min of ischemia and 3 days of reperfusion. Bradykinin was administered by single i.p. application at 1, 6, 12 or 24 h after ischemia. Assessment of neurological function of hind limbs (Tarlov score) was estimated. Quantitative analysis was evaluated by Fluoro Jade B method, NeuN and ubiquitin immunohistochemistry in anterior horn neurons of the spinal cord. Histomorphologically distribution of ubiquitin and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, catalase) immunoreaction was described. Bradykinin postconditioning showed decreased number of degenerated neurons, increased number of surviving neurons and increase in number of ubiquitin positive neurons in all bradykinin postconditioned groups versus ischemia/reperfusion group. According to our results bradykinin postconditioning applied 24 h after ischemia significantly decreased (p < 0.001) number of degenerated neurons versus ischemia/reperfusion group. The least effective time window for bradykinin postconditioning was at 12 h after ischemia. Tarlov score was significantly improved (p < 0.05) in groups with bradykinin postconditioning applied 1, 6 or 24 h after ischemia versus ischemia/reperfusion group. Tarlov score in group with bradykinin application 12 h after ischemia was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) versus sham control group. Neuronal immunoreaction of ubiquitin, SOD1, SOD2 and catalase influenced by bradykinin postconditioning was dependent on neuronal survival or degeneration. In conclusion, bradykinin postconditioning showed protective effect on neurons in anterior horns of the rabbit spinal cord and improved motor function of hind limbs.
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24
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Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and wild-type like fALS SOD1 mutants produce cytotoxic quantities of H 2O 2 via cysteine-dependent redox short-circuit. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10826. [PMID: 31346243 PMCID: PMC6658568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu/Zn−superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. In addition to this principal reaction, the enzyme is known to catalyze, with various efficiencies, several redox side-reactions using alternative substrates, including biological thiols, all involving the catalytic copper in the enzyme’s active-site, which is relatively surface exposed. The accessibility and reactivity of the catalytic copper is known to increase upon SOD1 misfolding, structural alterations caused by a mutation or environmental stresses. These competing side-reactions can lead to the formation of particularly toxic ROS, which have been proposed to contribute to oxidative damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons. Here, we demonstrated that metal-saturated SOD1WT (holo-SOD1WT) and a familial ALS (fALS) catalytically active SOD1 mutant, SOD1G93A, are capable, under defined metabolic circumstances, to generate cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 through cysteine (CSH)/glutathione (GSH) redox short-circuit. Such activity may drain GSH stores, therefore discharging cellular antioxidant potential. By analyzing the distribution of thiol compounds throughout the CNS, the location of potential hot-spots of ROS production can be deduced. These hot-spots may constitute the origin of oxidative damage to neurons in ALS.
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25
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Banks CJ, Andersen JL. Mechanisms of SOD1 regulation by post-translational modifications. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101270. [PMID: 31344643 PMCID: PMC6658992 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SOD1 is commonly known for its ROS scavenging activity, but recent work has uncovered additional roles in modulating metabolism, maintaining redox balance, and regulating transcription. This new paradigm of expanded SOD1 function raises questions regarding the regulation of SOD1 and the cellular partitioning of its biological roles. Despite decades of research on SOD1, much of which focuses on its pathogenic role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, relatively little is known about its regulation by post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, over the last decade, advancements in mass spectrometry have led to a boom in PTM discovery across the proteome, which has also revealed new mechanisms of SOD1 regulation by PTMs and an array of SOD1 PTMs with high likelihood of biological function. In this review, we address emerging mechanisms of SOD1 regulation by post-translational modifications, many of which begin to shed light on how the various functions of SOD1 are regulated within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Banks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - J L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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26
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Huai J, Zhang Z. Structural Properties and Interaction Partners of Familial ALS-Associated SOD1 Mutants. Front Neurol 2019; 10:527. [PMID: 31164862 PMCID: PMC6536575 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron degenerative disease in adults and has also been proven to be a type of conformational disease associated with protein misfolding and dysfunction. To date, more than 150 distinct genes have been found to be associated with ALS, among which Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the first and the most extensively studied gene. It has been well-established that SOD1 mutants-mediated toxicity is caused by a gain-of-function rather than the loss of the detoxifying activity of SOD1. Compared with the clear autosomal dominant inheritance of SOD1 mutants in ALS, the potential toxic mechanisms of SOD1 mutants in motor neurons remain incompletely understood. A large body of evidence has shown that SOD1 mutants may adopt a complex profile of conformations and interact with a wide range of client proteins. Here, in this review, we summarize the fundamental conformational properties and the gained interaction partners of the soluble forms of the SOD1 mutants which have been published in the past decades. Our goal is to find clues to the possible internal links between structural and functional anomalies of SOD1 mutants, as well as the relationships between their exposed epitopes and interaction partners, in order to help reveal and determine potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisen Huai
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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27
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Hasna J, Bohic S, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Bouron A. Zinc Uptake and Storage During the Formation of the Cerebral Cortex in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6928-6940. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Polykretis P, Cencetti F, Donati C, Luchinat E, Banci L. Cadmium effects on superoxide dismutase 1 in human cells revealed by NMR. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101102. [PMID: 30654299 PMCID: PMC6348768 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic pollutant that in recent decades has become more widespread in the environment due to anthropogenic activities, significantly increasing the risk of exposure. Concurrently, a continually growing body of research has begun to enumerate the harmful effects that this heavy metal has on human health. Consequently, additional research is required to better understand the mechanism and effects of cadmium at the molecular level. The main mechanism of cadmium toxicity is based on the indirect induction of severe oxidative stress, through several processes that unbalance the anti-oxidant cellular defence system, including the displacement of metals such as zinc from its native binding sites. Such mechanism was thought to alter the in vivo enzymatic activity of SOD1, one of the main antioxidant proteins of many tissues, including the central nervous system. SOD1 misfolding and aggregation is correlated with cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We assessed the effect of cadmium on SOD1 folding and maturation pathway directly in human cells through in-cell NMR. Cadmium does not directly bind intracellular SOD1, instead causes the formation of its intramolecular disulfide bond in the zinc-bound form. Metallothionein overexpression is strongly induced by cadmium, reaching NMR-detectable levels. The intracellular availability of zinc modulates both SOD1 oxidation and metallothionein overexpression, strengthening the notion that zinc-loaded metallothioneins help maintaining the redox balance under cadmium-induced acute stress. Cadmium does not bind to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in human cells. In defect of zinc, cadmium causes the premature oxidation of SOD1. Cadmium induces the overexpression of metallothioneins to levels detectable by NMR. Zinc modulates metallothionein expression and attenuates SOD1 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Polykretis
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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29
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Extra-mitochondrial Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is dispensable for protection against oxidative stress but mediates peroxide signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101064. [PMID: 30576923 PMCID: PMC6302037 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. As a consequence, Sod1 serves dual roles in oxidative stress protection and redox signaling by both scavenging cytotoxic superoxide radicals and producing hydrogen peroxide that can be used to oxidize and regulate the activity of downstream targets. However, the relative contributions of Sod1 to protection against oxidative stress and redox signaling are poorly understood. Using the model unicellular eukaryote, Baker's yeast, we found that only a small fraction of the total Sod1 pool is required for protection against superoxide toxicity and that this pool is localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. On the contrary, we find that much larger amounts of extra-mitochondrial Sod1 are critical for peroxide-mediated redox signaling. Altogether, our results force the re-evaluation of the physiological role of bulk Sod1 in redox biology; namely, we propose that the vast majority of Sod1 in yeast is utilized for peroxide-mediated signaling rather than superoxide scavenging.
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30
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Kurtishi A, Rosen B, Patil KS, Alves GW, Møller SG. Cellular Proteostasis in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3676-3689. [PMID: 30182337 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term proteostasis reflects the fine-tuned balance of cellular protein levels, mediated through a vast network of biochemical pathways. This requires the regulated control of protein folding, post-translational modification, and protein degradation. Due to the complex interactions and intersection of proteostasis pathways, exposure to stress conditions may lead to a disruption of the entire network. Incorrect protein folding and/or modifications during protein synthesis results in inactive or toxic proteins, which may overload degradation mechanisms. Further, a disruption of autophagy and the endoplasmic reticulum degradation pathway may result in additional cellular stress which could ultimately lead to cell death. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis all share common risk factors such as oxidative stress, aging, environmental stress, and protein dysfunction; all of which alter cellular proteostasis. The differing pathologies observed in neurodegenerative diseases are determined by factors such as location-specific neuronal death, source of protein dysfunction, and the cell's ability to counter proteotoxicity. In this review, we discuss how the disruption in cellular proteostasis contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberim Kurtishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Benjamin Rosen
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ketan S Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Guido W Alves
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Simon G Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, 11439, USA. .,Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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32
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Suresh SN, Verma V, Sateesh S, Clement JP, Manjithaya R. Neurodegenerative diseases: model organisms, pathology and autophagy. J Genet 2018; 97:679-701. [PMID: 30027903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A proteostasis view of neurodegeneration (ND) identifies protein aggregation as a leading causative reason for damage seen at the cellular and organ levels. While investigative therapies that aim at dissolving aggregates have failed, and the promises of silencing expression of ND associated pathogenic proteins or the deployment of engineered induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are still in the horizon, emerging literature suggests degrading aggregates through autophagy-related mechanisms hold the current potential for a possible cure. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an intracellular degradative pathway where superfluous or unwanted cellular cargoes (such as peroxisomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, intracellular bacteria and misfolded protein aggregates) are wrapped in double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that eventually fuses with lysosomes for their degradation. The selective branch of autophagy that deals with identification, capture and degradation of protein aggregates is called aggrephagy. Here, we cover the workings of aggrephagy detailing its selectivity towards aggregates. The diverse cellular adaptors that bridge the aggregates with the core autophagy machinery in terms of autophagosome formation are discussed. In ND, essential protein quality control mechanisms fail as the constituent components also find themselves trapped in the aggregates. Thus, although cellular aggrephagy has the potential to be upregulated, its dysfunction further aggravates the pathogenesis. This phenomenonwhen combined with the fact that neurons can neither dilute out the aggregates by cell division nor the dead neurons can be replaced due to low neurogenesis, makes a compelling case for aggrephagy pathway as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Suresh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
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33
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Tokuda E, Nomura T, Ohara S, Watanabe S, Yamanaka K, Morisaki Y, Misawa H, Furukawa Y. A copper-deficient form of mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase as an early pathological species in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2119-2130. [PMID: 29551730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the gene encoding copper and zinc-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Abnormal accumulation of misfolded SOD1 proteins in spinal motoneurons is a major pathological hallmark in SOD1-related ALS. Dissociation of copper and/or zinc ions from SOD1 has been shown to trigger the protein aggregation/oligomerization in vitro, but the pathological contribution of such metal dissociation to the SOD1 misfolding still remains obscure. Here, we tested the relevance of the metal-deficient SOD1 in the misfolding in vivo by developing a novel antibody (anti-apoSOD), which exclusively recognized mutant SOD1 deficient in metal ions at its copper-binding site. Notably, anti-apoSOD-reactive species were detected specifically in the spinal cords of the ALS model mice only at their early pre-symptomatic stages but not at the end stage of the disease. The cerebrospinal fluid as well as the spinal cord homogenate of one SOD1-ALS patient also contained the anti-apoSOD-reactive species. Our results thus suggest that metal-deficiency in mutant SOD1 at its copper-binding site is one of the earliest pathological features in SOD1-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Tokuda
- Laboratory for Mechanistic Chemistry of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takao Nomura
- Laboratory for Mechanistic Chemistry of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto 399-0021, Japan.
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuta Morisaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Laboratory for Mechanistic Chemistry of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Kuttner YY, Engel S. Complementarity of stability patches at the interfaces of protein complexes: Implication for the structural organization of energetic hot spots. Proteins 2017; 86:229-236. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Y. Kuttner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva Israel
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35
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Ip P, Sharda PR, Cunningham A, Chakrabartty S, Pande V, Chakrabartty A. Quercitrin and quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside as chemical chaperones for the A4V SOD1 ALS-causing mutant. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:431-440. [PMID: 28475686 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), mutant forms of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase protein (SOD1) misfold and aggregate in motor neurons. Monomers of the normally homodimeric SOD1 have been found in patient tissue, presymptomatic mouse models of ALS, and in vitro misfolding assays which suggests that monomerization might be an early step in the pathological SOD1 misfolding pathway. In this study, we targeted the dimer interface with small molecules that might act as chemical chaperones to stabilize the native dimer and prevent downstream misfolding and aggregation. We performed a computational screen with a library of ~4400 drugs and natural compounds that were docked to two pockets around the SOD1 dimer interface. Of the resultant hits, seven were tested for misfolding and aggregation inhibition activity with A4V mutant SOD1. Quercitrin, quercetin-3-β-d-glucoside (Q3BDG), and, to a markedly lesser extent, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were found to combat misfolding and aggregation induced by hydrogen peroxide, a physiologically relevant stress, as assessed by a gel-based assay and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-suflonic acid (ANS) fluorescence. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and a colourimetric assay determined that these molecules directly bind A4V SOD1. Based on these findings, we speculate that quercitrin and Q3BDG may be potential therapeutic inhibitors of misfolding and aggregation in SOD1-associated ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philbert Ip
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, TMDT 4-305, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Priya Roy Sharda
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, TMDT 4-305, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Anna Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5174, USA
| | - Sumon Chakrabartty
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, TMDT 4-307, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Vijay Pande
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA94305, USA
| | - Avijit Chakrabartty
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, TMDT 4-307, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5G 1L7
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36
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Dasmeh P, Kepp KP. Superoxide dismutase 1 is positively selected to minimize protein aggregation in great apes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3023-3037. [PMID: 28389720 PMCID: PMC11107616 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Positive (adaptive) selection has recently been implied in human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a highly abundant antioxidant protein with energy signaling and antiaging functions, one of very few examples of direct selection on a human protein product (exon); the molecular drivers of this selection are unknown. We mapped 30 extant SOD1 sequences to the recently established mammalian species tree and inferred ancestors, key substitutions, and signatures of selection during the protein's evolution. We detected elevated substitution rates leading to great apes (Hominidae) at ~1 per 2 million years, significantly higher than in other primates and rodents, although these paradoxically generally evolve much faster. The high evolutionary rate was partly due to relaxation of some selection pressures and partly to distinct positive selection of SOD1 in great apes. We then show that higher stability and net charge and changes at the dimer interface were selectively introduced upon separation from old world monkeys and lesser apes (gibbons). Consequently, human, chimpanzee and gorilla SOD1s have a net charge of -6 at physiological pH, whereas the closely related gibbons and macaques have -3. These features consistently point towards selection against the malicious aggregation effects of elevated SOD1 levels in long-living great apes. The findings mirror the impact of human SOD1 mutations that reduce net charge and/or stability and cause ALS, a motor neuron disease characterized by oxidative stress and SOD1 aggregates and triggered by aging. Our study thus marks an example of direct selection for a particular chemical phenotype (high net charge and stability) in a single human protein with possible implications for the evolution of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Dasmeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cedergren Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Chemistry, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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37
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Sun C, Zhou B. The antimalarial drug artemisinin induces an additional, Sod1-supressible anti-mitochondrial action in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1285-1294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Liddell JR, White AR. Nexus between mitochondrial function, iron, copper and glutathione in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:126-138. [PMID: 28577988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is neuropathologically characterised by loss of catecholamine neurons in vulnerable brain regions including substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus. This review discusses how the susceptibility of these regions is defined by their shared biochemical characteristics that differentiate them from other neurons. Parkinson's disease is biochemically characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of iron, diminished copper content and depleted glutathione levels in these regions. This review also discusses this neuropathology, and provides evidence for how these pathological features are mechanistically linked to each other. This leads to the conclusion that disruption of mitochondrial function, or iron, copper or glutathione metabolism in isolation provokes the pathological impairment of them all. This creates a vicious cycle that drives pathology leading to mitochondrial failure and neuronal cell death in vulnerable brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Anthony R White
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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39
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Ciryam P, Lambert-Smith IA, Bean DM, Freer R, Cid F, Tartaglia GG, Saunders DN, Wilson MR, Oliver SG, Morimoto RI, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M, Favrin G, Yerbury JJ. Spinal motor neuron protein supersaturation patterns are associated with inclusion body formation in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3935-E3943. [PMID: 28396410 PMCID: PMC5441770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613854114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous degenerative motor neuron disease linked to numerous genetic mutations in apparently unrelated proteins. These proteins, including SOD1, TDP-43, and FUS, are highly aggregation-prone and form a variety of intracellular inclusion bodies that are characteristic of different neuropathological subtypes of the disease. Contained within these inclusions are a variety of proteins that do not share obvious characteristics other than coaggregation. However, recent evidence from other neurodegenerative disorders suggests that disease-affected biochemical pathways can be characterized by the presence of proteins that are supersaturated, with cellular concentrations significantly greater than their solubilities. Here, we show that the proteins that form inclusions of mutant SOD1, TDP-43, and FUS are not merely a subset of the native interaction partners of these three proteins, which are themselves supersaturated. To explain the presence of coaggregating proteins in inclusions in the brain and spinal cord, we observe that they have an average supersaturation even greater than the average supersaturation of the native interaction partners in motor neurons, but not when scores are generated from an average of other human tissues. These results suggest that inclusion bodies in various forms of ALS result from a set of proteins that are metastable in motor neurons, and thus prone to aggregation upon a disease-related progressive collapse of protein homeostasis in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Ciryam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom;
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicans & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3784
| | - Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Bean
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Freer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Cid
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Favrin
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia;
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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Zhong Y, Wang J, Henderson MJ, Yang P, Hagen BM, Siddique T, Vogel BE, Deng HX, Fang S. Nuclear export of misfolded SOD1 mediated by a normally buried NES-like sequence reduces proteotoxicity in the nucleus. eLife 2017; 6:e23759. [PMID: 28463106 PMCID: PMC5449186 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 170 different mutations in the gene encoding SOD1 all cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Available studies have been primarily focused on the mechanisms underlying mutant SOD1 cytotoxicity. How cells defend against the cytotoxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that misfolding of ALS-linked SOD1 mutants and wild-type (wt) SOD1 exposes a normally buried nuclear export signal (NES)-like sequence. The nuclear export carrier protein CRM1 recognizes this NES-like sequence and exports misfolded SOD1 to the cytoplasm. Antibodies against the NES-like sequence recognize misfolded SOD1, but not native wt SOD1 both in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the NES consensus sequence relocalizes mutant SOD1 to the nucleus, resulting in higher toxicity in cells, and severer impairments in locomotion, egg-laying, and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggest that SOD1 mutants are removed from the nucleus by CRM1 as a defense mechanism against proteotoxicity of misfolded SOD1 in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Zhong
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Brian M Hagen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Teepu Siddique
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Bruce E Vogel
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Brady ST, Morfini GA. Regulation of motor proteins, axonal transport deficits and adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:273-282. [PMID: 28411118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons affected in a wide variety of unrelated adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases (AONDs) typically exhibit a "dying back" pattern of degeneration, which is characterized by early deficits in synaptic function and neuritic pathology long before neuronal cell death. Consistent with this observation, multiple unrelated AONDs including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and several motor neuron diseases feature early alterations in kinase-based signaling pathways associated with deficits in axonal transport (AT), a complex cellular process involving multiple intracellular trafficking events powered by microtubule-based motor proteins. These pathogenic events have important therapeutic implications, suggesting that a focus on preservation of neuronal connections may be more effective to treat AONDs than addressing neuronal cell death. While the molecular mechanisms underlying AT abnormalities in AONDs are still being analyzed, evidence has accumulated linking those to a well-established pathological hallmark of multiple AONDs: altered patterns of neuronal protein phosphorylation. Here, we present a short overview on the biochemical heterogeneity of major motor proteins for AT, their regulation by protein kinases, and evidence revealing cell type-specific AT specializations. When considered together, these findings may help explain how independent pathogenic pathways can affect AT differentially in the context of each AOND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Gerardo A Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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42
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Saify K, Saadat M. Influence of a 50bp Ins/Del polymorphism at promoter of the superoxide dismutase-1 on gene expression and risk of heroin dependency. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:4. [PMID: 29165112 PMCID: PMC5661911 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1, OMIM: 147450) is one of the major antioxidant enzymes, which plays a vital role in clearance of reactive oxygen species. A genetic polymorphism of 50 bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) in the promoter region of the SOD1 was reported. The aims of the present study are to evaluate the influence of this polymorphism on the SOD1 mRNA levels in human peripheral blood cells and its association with risk of heroin dependency. METHODS The present study consisted of 47 healthy students of Shiraz University (south-west Iran) for investigating the association between the Ins/Del polymorphism on expression level of SOD1, also a total of 442 heroin dependent and 799 healthy controls were included in a case-control study investigating the association between the study polymorphism and risk of dependency to heroin. The quantitative SOD1 mRNA expression levels were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the study genotypes (t = 5.17; df = 45; P < 0.001). The Del allele of the study polymorphism decreased approximately 33% of the SOD1 mRNA levels of the gene in the heterozygote individuals. Statistical analysis indicating that in both genders, neither the Ins/Del nor the Del/Del genotypes was associated with the risk of heroin addiction. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicating that although the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 is associated with the SOD1 expression levels, this polymorphism is not associated with the risk of dependency to heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyber Saify
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71467-13565, Iran.
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43
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Kaliszewski M, Kennedy AK, Blaes SL, Shaffer RS, Knott AB, Song W, Hauser HA, Bossy B, Huang TT, Bossy-Wetzel E. SOD1 Lysine 123 Acetylation in the Adult Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:287. [PMID: 28066183 PMCID: PMC5167747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout (Sod1−/−) mice exhibit an accelerated aging phenotype. In humans, SOD1 mutations are linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and post-translational modification (PTM) of wild-type SOD1 has been associated with sporadic ALS. Reversible acetylation regulates many enzymes and proteomic studies have identified SOD1 acetylation at lysine 123 (K123). The function and distribution of K123-acetylated SOD1 (Ac-K123 SOD1) in the nervous system is unknown. Here, we generated polyclonal rabbit antibodies against Ac-K123 SOD1. Sod1 deletion in Sod1−/− mice, K123 mutation or preabsorption with Ac-K123 peptide all abolished antibody binding. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed Ac-K123 SOD1 distribution in the normal adult mouse nervous system. In the cerebellum, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was prominent in cell bodies of the granular cell layer (GCL) and Purkinje cell dendrites and interneurons of the molecular cell layer. In the hippocampus, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was strong in the fimbria, subiculum, pyramidal cells and Schaffer collateral fibers of the cornus ammonis field 1 (CA1) region and granule and neuronal progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus. In addition, labeling was observed in the choroid plexus (CP) and the ependyma of the brain ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. In the olfactory bulb, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was prominent in axons of sensory neurons, in cell bodies of interneurons and neurites of the mitral and tufted cells. In the retina, labeling was strong in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the inner nuclear layer (INL) and cone photoreceptors of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). In summary, our findings describe Ac-K123 SOD1 distribution to distinct regions and cell types of the normal nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaliszewski
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Austin K Kennedy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Shelby L Blaes
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Robert S Shaffer
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew B Knott
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Wenjun Song
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, USA; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry A Hauser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Blaise Bossy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ella Bossy-Wetzel
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
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Human SOD1 ALS Mutations in a Drosophila Knock-In Model Cause Severe Phenotypes and Reveal Dosage-Sensitive Gain- and Loss-of-Function Components. Genetics 2016; 205:707-723. [PMID: 27974499 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.190850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease and familial forms can be caused by numerous dominant mutations of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Substantial efforts have been invested in studying SOD1-ALS transgenic animal models; yet, the molecular mechanisms by which ALS-mutant SOD1 protein acquires toxicity are not well understood. ALS-like phenotypes in animal models are highly dependent on transgene dosage. Thus, issues of whether the ALS-like phenotypes of these models stem from overexpression of mutant alleles or from aspects of the SOD1 mutation itself are not easily deconvolved. To address concerns about levels of mutant SOD1 in disease pathogenesis, we have genetically engineered four human ALS-causing SOD1 point mutations (G37R, H48R, H71Y, and G85R) into the endogenous locus of Drosophila SOD1 (dsod) via ends-out homologous recombination and analyzed the resulting molecular, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes. Contrary to previous transgenic models, we have recapitulated ALS-like phenotypes without overexpression of the mutant protein. Drosophila carrying homozygous mutations rendering SOD1 protein enzymatically inactive (G85R, H48R, and H71Y) exhibited neurodegeneration, locomotor deficits, and shortened life span. The mutation retaining enzymatic activity (G37R) was phenotypically indistinguishable from controls. While the observed mutant dsod phenotypes were recessive, a gain-of-function component was uncovered through dosage studies and comparisons with age-matched dsod null animals, which failed to show severe locomotor defects or nerve degeneration. We conclude that the Drosophila knock-in model captures important aspects of human SOD1-based ALS and provides a powerful and useful tool for further genetic studies.
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45
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Protective effect of seleno-β-lactoglobulin (Se-β-lg) against oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced aging mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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46
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Banerjee V, Shani T, Katzman B, Vyazmensky M, Papo N, Israelson A, Engel S. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1)-Derived Peptide Inhibits Amyloid Aggregation of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SOD1 Mutants. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1595-1606. [PMID: 27540759 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the death of the upper and lower motor neurons. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an ALS pathogenic protein, whose misfolding results in the formation of amyloid aggregates. The mechanism underlying SOD1 pathogenesis in ALS remains obscure, but one possible mechanism involves gain-of-interaction, in which the misfolded soluble SOD1 forms abnormal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with various cellular proteins, including with other SOD1 molecules, thereby interfering with their function. The structural basis of this gain-of-interaction mechanism is unknown. Here, we characterized the backbone dynamics landscape of misfolded SOD1 to pinpoint surface areas predisposed to aberrant PPIs. This analysis enabled us to formulate a working hypothesis for the mechanism of the gain-of-function of misfolded SOD1, according to which an abnormal PPI potential results from the increased mobility of the SOD1 surface backbone. Guided by the backbone dynamics landscape, we have identified a SOD1-derived peptide that can bind SOD1 proteins and divert the typical amyloid aggregation of ALS-related SOD1 mutants toward a potentially less toxic amorphous aggregation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Banerjee
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National
Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Tom Shani
- Department
of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bella Katzman
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Maria Vyazmensky
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National
Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National
Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department
of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National
Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Yoshihara D, Fujiwara N, Kitanaka N, Kitanaka J, Sakiyama H, Eguchi H, Takemura M, Suzuki K. The absence of the SOD1 gene causes abnormal monoaminergic neurotransmission and motivational impairment-like behavior in mice. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1245-1256. [PMID: 27629432 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1234048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a primary anti-oxidative enzyme, protects cells against oxidative stress. We report herein on a comparison of behavioral and neurobiological changes between SOD1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice, in an attempt to assess the role of SOD1 in brain functions. SOD1 KO mice exhibited impaired motivational behavior in both shuttle-box learning and three-chamber social interaction tests. High levels of dopamine transporter protein and an acceleration of serotonin turnover were also detected in the cerebrums of the SOD1 KO mice. These findings suggest that SOD1 deficiency disturbs monoaminergic neurotransmission leading to a decrease in motivational behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Yoshihara
- a Department of Biochemistry , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Noriko Fujiwara
- a Department of Biochemistry , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Nobue Kitanaka
- b Department of Pharmacology , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Junichi Kitanaka
- b Department of Pharmacology , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sakiyama
- a Department of Biochemistry , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Hironobu Eguchi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Motohiko Takemura
- b Department of Pharmacology , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- a Department of Biochemistry , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
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48
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Cutler RG, Camandola S, Malott KF, Edelhauser MA, Mattson MP. The Role of Uric Acid and Methyl Derivatives in the Prevention of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:2233-8. [PMID: 26059354 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150610143234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High uric acid (UA levels have been correlated with a reduced risk of many neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms involving chelating Fenton reaction transitional metals, antioxidant quenching of superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals, and as an electron donor that increases antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g. SOD. However, the clinical usefulness of UA is limited by its' low water solubility and propensity to form inflammatory crystals at hyperuricemic levels. This review focuses on the role of UA in neuroprotection, as well as potential strategies aimed at increasing UA levels in the soluble range, and the potential therapeutic use of more water-soluble methyl-UA derivatives from the natural catabolic end-products of dietary caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, U.S.A.
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49
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Copper Homeostasis as a Therapeutic Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with SOD1 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050636. [PMID: 27136532 PMCID: PMC4881462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons, and currently, there is no cure or effective treatment. Mutations in a gene encoding a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), have been first identified as a cause of familial forms of ALS. It is widely accepted that mutant SOD1 proteins cause the disease through a gain in toxicity but not through a loss of its physiological function. SOD1 is a major copper-binding protein and regulates copper homeostasis in the cell; therefore, a toxicity of mutant SOD1 could arise from the disruption of copper homeostasis. In this review, we will briefly review recent studies implying roles of copper homeostasis in the pathogenesis of SOD1-ALS and highlight the therapeutic interventions focusing on pharmacological as well as genetic regulations of copper homeostasis to modify the pathological process in SOD1-ALS.
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50
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Helferich AM, Ruf WP, Grozdanov V, Freischmidt A, Feiler MS, Zondler L, Ludolph AC, McLean PJ, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. α-synuclein interacts with SOD1 and promotes its oligomerization. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:66. [PMID: 26643113 PMCID: PMC4672499 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are both neurodegenerative diseases leading to impaired execution of movement. α-Synuclein plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PD whereas Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a key player in a subset of familial ALS cases. Under pathological conditions both α-synuclein and SOD1 form oligomers and fibrils. In this study we investigated the possible molecular interaction of α-synuclein and SOD1 and its functional and pathological relevance. Results Using a protein-fragment complementation approach and co-IP, we found that α-synuclein and SOD1 physically interact in living cells, human erythrocytes and mouse brain tissue. Additionally, our data show that disease related mutations in α-synuclein (A30P, A53T) and SOD1 (G85R, G93A) modify the binding of α-synuclein to SOD1. Notably, α-synuclein accelerates SOD1 oligomerization independent of SOD1 activity. Conclusion This study provides evidence for a novel interaction of α-synuclein and SOD1 that might be relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0062-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika M Helferich
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veselin Grozdanov
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marisa S Feiler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Zondler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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