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Little MP, Bazyka D, de Gonzalez AB, Brenner AV, Chumak VV, Cullings HM, Daniels RD, French B, Grant E, Hamada N, Hauptmann M, Kendall GM, Laurier D, Lee C, Lee WJ, Linet MS, Mabuchi K, Morton LM, Muirhead CR, Preston DL, Rajaraman P, Richardson DB, Sakata R, Samet JM, Simon SL, Sugiyama H, Wakeford R, Zablotska LB. A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2024; 202:432-487. [PMID: 39021204 PMCID: PMC11316622 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies of populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence and mortality of cancer and non-cancer outcomes with emphasis on study design and methods of exposure assessment and dose estimation along with brief consideration of sources of bias for a few of the more important studies. We examine the findings from the epidemiological studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, persons exposed to radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, those exposed to environmental sources including Chornobyl and other reactor accidents, and occupationally exposed cohorts. We also summarize results of pooled studies. These summaries are necessarily brief, but we provide references to more detailed information. We discuss possible future directions of study, to include assessment of susceptible populations, and possible new populations, data sources, study designs and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Alina V. Brenner
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Vadim V. Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Harry M. Cullings
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Robert D. Daniels
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin French
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric Grant
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gerald M. Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay aux Roses France
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | | | | | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - David B. Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health, 653 East Peltason, University California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3957 USA
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven L. Simon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 2 floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Smith TJ, Bohlke K, Lyman GH, Carson KR, Crawford J, Cross SJ, Goldberg JM, Khatcheressian JL, Leighl NB, Perkins CL, Somlo G, Wade JL, Wozniak AJ, Armitage JO. Recommendations for the Use of WBC Growth Factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3199-212. [PMID: 26169616 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To update the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). METHODS The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Update Committee and conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews from October 2005 through September 2014. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence by the Update Committee. RESULTS Changes to previous recommendations include the addition of tbo-filgrastim and filgrastim-sndz, moderation of the recommendation regarding routine use of CSFs in older patients with diffuse aggressive lymphoma, and addition of recommendations against routine dose-dense chemotherapy in lymphoma and in favor of high-dose-intensity chemotherapy in urothelial cancer. The Update Committee did not address recommendations regarding use of CSFs in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes in adults. RECOMMENDATIONS Prophylactic use of CSFs to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia is warranted when the risk of febrile neutropenia is approximately 20% or higher and no other equally effective and safe regimen that does not require CSFs is available. Primary prophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of febrile neutropenia in patients who are at high risk on the basis of age, medical history, disease characteristics, and myelotoxicity of the chemotherapy regimen. Dose-dense regimens that require CSFs should only be used within an appropriately designed clinical trial or if supported by convincing efficacy data. Current recommendations for the management of patients exposed to lethal doses of total-body radiotherapy, but not doses high enough to lead to certain death as a result of injury to other organs, include the prompt administration of CSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Smith
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kari Bohlke
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Gary H Lyman
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kenneth R Carson
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jeffrey Crawford
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Scott J Cross
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - John M Goldberg
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - James L Khatcheressian
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Cheryl L Perkins
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - George Somlo
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - James L Wade
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Antoinette J Wozniak
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - James O Armitage
- Thomas J. Smith, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Scott J. Cross, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk; James L. Khatcheressian, Virginia Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA; Gary H. Lyman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Jeffrey Crawford, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC; John M. Goldberg, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Natasha B. Leighl, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cheryl L. Perkins, patient representative, Dallas, TX; George Somlo, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; James L. Wade, Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, Decatur, IL; Antoinette J. Wozniak, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; and James O. Armitage, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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