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d’Amora M, Raffa V, De Angelis F, Tantussi F. Toxicological Profile of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126372. [PMID: 34198694 PMCID: PMC8232250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles are increasingly employed in several fields, thanks to their unique, promising properties. In particular, these particles exhibit a surface plasmon resonance combined with outstanding absorption and scattering properties. They are also easy to synthesize and functionalize, making them ideal for nanotechnology applications. However, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles can make them potentially toxic, even if their bulk metallic forms are almost inert. In this review, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential adverse effects of plasmonic nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during both development and adulthood, focusing our attention on the most common materials used, i.e., gold and silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d’Amora
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.D.A.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.D.A.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Tantussi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.D.A.); (F.T.)
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2
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Effect of the polysaccharides derived from Dendrobium officinale stems on human HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and a zebrafish model. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Hwang CH. Targeted Delivery of Erythropoietin Hybridized with Magnetic Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Injury: A Literature Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9683-9701. [PMID: 33311979 PMCID: PMC7726550 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s287456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of central nervous system injuries has continued to rise, no promising treatments have been elucidated. Erythropoietin plays an important role in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration as well as in erythropoiesis. Moreover, the current worldwide use of erythropoietin in the treatment of hematologic diseases allows for its ready application in patients with central nervous system injuries. However, erythropoietin has a very short therapeutic time window (within 6–8 hours) after injury, and it has both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic receptors, which exhibit heterogenic and phylogenetic differences. These differences lead to limited amounts of erythropoietin binding to in situ erythropoietin receptors. The lack of high-quality evidence for clinical use and the promising results of in vitro/in vivo models necessitate fast targeted delivery agents such as nanocarriers. Among current nanocarriers, noncovalent polymer-entrapping or polymer-adsorbing erythropoietin obtained by nanospray drying may be the most promising. With the incorporation of magnetic nanocarriers into an erythropoietin polymer, spatiotemporal external magnetic navigation is another area of great interest for targeted delivery within the therapeutic time window. Intravenous administration is the most readily used route. Manufactured erythropoietin nanocarriers should be clearly characterized using bioengineering analyses of the in vivo size distribution and the quality of entrapment or adsorption. Further preclinical trials are required to increase the therapeutic bioavailability (in vivo biological identity alteration, passage through the lung capillaries or the blood brain barrier, and timely degradation followed by removal of the nanocarriers from the body) and decrease the adverse effects (hematological complications, neurotoxicity, and cytotoxicity), especially of the nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Hwang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim JE, Min SK, Hong JM, Kim KH, Han SJ, Yim JH, Park H, Kim IC. Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from the Antarctic lichen, Amandinea sp. in LPS-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:301-308. [PMID: 33068759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of an extracts isolated from the lichen. Amandinea sp. was collected from the Antarctic and extracted with methanol. The basic screening of the anti-inflammatory property of the extracts was done using the NO assay. The extracts showed very little cytotoxicity, and reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The extracts also reduced the cytosolic p-IκB-α level and the level of the nuclear factor p65. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts using zebrafish in vivo. The extracts reduced the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced zebrafish larvae and inhibited the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in a tail-cutting induced model. These results are similar to those obtained in vitro with RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, the data suggest that the extracts may contain one of more compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. Further studies are required to identify the candidate compound/s and to understand the mechanism of action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Min
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Hong
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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Huang B, Cui YQ, Guo WB, Yang L, Miao AJ. Waterborne and dietary accumulation of well-dispersible hematite nanoparticles by zebrafish at different life stages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113852. [PMID: 31887592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs) has drawn considerable attention because of their potential toxicity and the environmental consequences thereof. However, the effects of the exposure route and life stage of an organism on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of NPs are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation kinetics (uptake, assimilation, and efflux) and tissue distribution of waterborne and dietary hematite NPs (HemNPs) during three life stages (embryo, larva, and adult) of the zebrafish Danio rerio. For all zebrafish life stages, the waterborne accumulation of well-dispersed HemNPs increased linearly with exposure time but decreased after reaching a maximum. The increase in HemNPs accumulation followed the order embryo > larva > adult. Compared with the waterborne route, the dietary accumulation of HemNPs in larval and adult zebrafish fluctuated, reaching a maximum after each food refreshment and then decreasing until the next food addition. Similar to waterborne exposure, adult fish accumulated less dietary HemNPs than did larvae. Nevertheless, dietary HemNPs mostly accumulated in the intestinal tract, with smaller amounts in the truncus, head, and gills, as compared with their waterborne counterparts. Moreover, in the gonad no dietary HemNPs were detected whereas accumulation via waterborne HemNPs was significant. Despite the low assimilation efficiency of dietary HemNPs, biodynamic modeling showed that the diet was the main source of particle accumulation in zebrafish. Thus, both the life stage and the exposure route should be considered in evaluations of the environmental risks of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Yu-Qing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Wen-Bo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
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Kim WY, Kim YH, Lee JY, Kim JH, Min TJ. Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sugammadex in Zebrafish Larvae. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e51. [PMID: 32141248 PMCID: PMC7061149 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugammadex is a new neuromuscular blockade reversal agent. Recently, it has been used in patients under general anesthesia. However, sugammadex could be toxic to fetuses and pediatric patients under 3 years of age. In this study, we demonstrated the safety of sugammadex in fetuses, using zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, its neurotoxicity was evaluated using neuronal cell lines. METHODS We used SH-SY5Y cells to determine the viability of neuronal cells treated with sugammadex. Zebrafish larvae were used to determine the teratogenic effects of sugammadex. RESULTS Sugammadex showed no adverse effects on neuronal cells and zebrafish larvae. The survival rates of neuronal cells were not different in all concentrations. In addition, the heart formation of zebrafish embryos, which were exposed to various concentrations of sugammadex, were not different. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of using sugammadex during pregnancy. However, further clinical studies will be required to extrapolate these results to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yeon Hwa Kim
- Department of Translational Research Institute for Intractable Diseases, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Too Jae Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
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7
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Zhang Y, Yuan B, Takagi N, Wang H, Zhou Y, Si N, Yang J, Wei X, Zhao H, Bian B. Comparative Analysis of Hydrophilic Ingredients in Toad Skin and Toad Venom Using the UHPLC-HR-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS Methods Together with the Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Indolealkylamines. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010086. [PMID: 30591646 PMCID: PMC6337282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toad skin and toad venom, as two kinds of Chinese medicine, are prepared from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor and Bufo melanostictus Schneider. However, they display distinct properties in traditional application, and the hydrophilic ingredients are the possible distinguishing chemicals between them. In this work, 36 and 22 hydrophilic components were characterized from toad skin and venom, respectively, by UHPLC-HR-MS/MS, including amino acids, nucleosides, polypeptides, and indolealkylamines (IAAs). Among them, 15 compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparison with standards. The CID-MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of seven indolealkylamine references were investigated to ascertain three types of structures. Subsequently, 11 high abundance contents of hydrophilic ingredients were determined from 11 batches of toad skin and 4 batches of toad venom by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The quantitative results showed that the content of main IAAs in toad venom was much higher than in skin. In addition, the N-methyl serotonin (free IAA), bufothionine (combined IAA), and total IAAs sample were selected for anti-inflammatory evaluation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated zebrafish embryo models. The obvious anti-inflammatory activities of IAAs were observed, especially for the free IAAs. This study illustrated IAAs were the main distinct hydrophilic components that probably lead to the difference between toad skin and toad venom in traditional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Bhoyar RC, Jadhao AG, Sabharwal A, Ranjan G, Sivasubbu S, Pinelli C. Knockdown of calcium-binding calb2a and calb2b genes indicates the key regulator of the early development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:627-642. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9847015. [PMID: 30581475 PMCID: PMC6276490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9847015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, the potential of using EPCs in tissue engineering as an angiogenic source has been extensively explored. Concomitantly, the impact of EPCs on various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied. Within the limitations of the current knowledge, this review attempts to delineate the concept of EPCs in a sequential manner from the speculative history to a definitive presence (origin, sources of EPCs, isolation, and identification) and significance of these EPCs. Additionally, this review is aimed at serving as a guide for investigators, identifying potential research gaps, and summarizing our current and future prospects regarding EPCs.
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Kim EA, Ding Y, Yang HW, Heo SJ, Lee SH. Soft Coral Dendronephthya puetteri Extract Ameliorates Inflammations by Suppressing Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2695. [PMID: 30201926 PMCID: PMC6163588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived extract and/or bioactive compounds have attracted increasing demand due to their unique and potential uses as cures for various inflammation-based diseases. Several studies revealed anti-inflammatory candidates found in soft corals. However, the effects of soft corals on inflammation in an in vivo model remain to be determined. Therefore, the extract of soft coral Dendronephthya puetteri (DPE) was investigated for an in vivo anti-inflammatory effect in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish model to determine its potential use as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. We also investigated whether DPE has toxic effects in a zebrafish model. No significant changes were observed in terms of survival, heart beat rate, or developmental abnormalities in the zebrafish embryos exposed to a concentration below 100 µg/mL of DPE. Treating the zebrafish model with LPS-treatment significantly increased the ROS, NO generation, and cell death. However, DPE inhibited this LPS-stimulated ROS, NO generation, and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DPE significantly reduced the mRNA expression of both iNOS and COX-2 and markedly suppressed the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, in an LPS-stimulated zebrafish model. These findings demonstrate that DPE has profound anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, suggesting that DPE might be a strong natural anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea.
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
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Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Eysenhardtia polystachya and Assessment of the Inhibition of Glycation in Multiple Stages In Vitro and in the Zebrafish Model. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Compound K Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Raw 264.7 Cell Line and Zebrafish. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Garcia Campoy AH, Perez Gutierrez RM, Manriquez-Alvirde G, Muñiz Ramirez A. Protection of silver nanoparticles using Eysenhardtia polystachya in peroxide-induced pancreatic β-Cell damage and their antidiabetic properties in zebrafish. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2601-2612. [PMID: 29750032 PMCID: PMC5936013 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to explore the efficacy of extract of Eysenhardtia polystachya-loaded silver nanoparticles (EP/AgNPs) on pancreatic β cells, INS-1 cells, and zebrafish as a valuable model for the study of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods EP/AgNPs were synthesized using methanol/water bark extract of E. polystachya and characterized using various physicochemical techniques. Results Immersion of adult zebrafish in 111 mM glucose solution resulted in a sustained hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic state, and serum insulin levels decreased. The synthesized EP/AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 413 nm on ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, revealing the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that most of the particles were spherical, with a diameter of 10–12 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.197, and a zeta potential of −32.25 mV, suggesting high stability of the nanoparticles. EP/AgNPs promote pancreatic β-cell survival, insulin secretion, enhanced hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in glucose-induced diabetic zebrafish. EP/AgNPs also showed protection of the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury. Conclusion The results indicate that EP/AgNPs have good antidiabetic activity and therefore could be used to prevent the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Heriberto Garcia Campoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias extractivas IPN, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias extractivas IPN, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ko EY, Cho SH, Kwon SH, Eom CY, Jeong MS, Lee W, Kim SY, Heo SJ, Ahn G, Lee KP, Jeon YJ, Kim KN. The roles of NF-κB and ROS in regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators of inflammation induction in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:525-529. [PMID: 28743626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB on inflammation induction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish embryos were evaluated using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), specific inhibitors of ROS and NF-κB, respectively. LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos showed increasing production of NO and ROS and expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein, compared to a control group without LPS. However, NAC significantly inhibited production of NO and ROS and markedly suppressed expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. The mRNA expressions of NF-κB such as p65NF-κB and IκB-A were significantly increased after LPS stimulation, whereas PDTC attenuated mRNA expression of NF-κB. PDTC also inhibited production of NO and reduced expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these results indicated that LPS increases pro-inflammatory mediators in zebrafish embryos through ROS and NF-κB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yi Ko
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Cho
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Eom
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Marin Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Risk of prenatal depression and stress treatment: alteration on serotonin system of offspring through exposure to Fluoxetine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33822. [PMID: 27703173 PMCID: PMC5050550 DOI: 10.1038/srep33822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is widely used to treat depression, including depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Studies suggest that fluoxetine may have adverse effects on offspring, presumably through its action on various serotonin receptors (HTRs). However, definitive evidence and the underlying mechanisms are largely unavailable. As initial steps towards establishing a human cellular and animal model, we analyzed the expression patterns of several HTRs through the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells into neuronal cells, and analyzed expression pattern in zebrafish embryos. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with fluoxetine significantly blocked the expression of multiple HTRs. Furthermore, fluoxetine gave rise to a change in neuropsychology. Embryos treated with fluoxetine continued to exhibit abnormal behavior upto 12 days post fertilization due to changes in HTRs. These findings support a possible long-term risk of serotonin pathway alteration, possibly resulting from the "placental drug transfer".
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Lee SS. Zebrafish: A complete animal model to enumerate the nanoparticle toxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:65. [PMID: 27544212 PMCID: PMC4992559 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, nanotechnology is a multi-trillion dollar business sector that covers a wide range of industries, such as medicine, electronics and chemistry. In the current era, the commercial transition of nanotechnology from research level to industrial level is stimulating the world’s total economic growth. However, commercialization of nanoparticles might offer possible risks once they are liberated in the environment. In recent years, the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an established animal model system for nanoparticle toxicity assay is growing exponentially. In the current in-depth review, we discuss the recent research approaches employing adult zebrafish and their embryos for nanoparticle toxicity assessment. Different types of parameters are being discussed here which are used to evaluate nanoparticle toxicity such as hatching achievement rate, developmental malformation of organs, damage in gill and skin, abnormal behavior (movement impairment), immunotoxicity, genotoxicity or gene expression, neurotoxicity, endocrine system disruption, reproduction toxicity and finally mortality. Furthermore, we have also highlighted the toxic effect of different nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticle, gold nanoparticle, and metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, NiO and ZnO). At the end, future directions of zebrafish model and relevant assays to study nanoparticle toxicity have also been argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute of Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute of Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute of Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Bhushan B, Nandhagopal S, Kannan RR, Gopinath P. Therapeutic Nanozyme: Antioxidative and cytoprotective effects of nanoceria against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in fibroblast cells and in zebrafish. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
| | - Soundharapandiyan Nandhagopal
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit; Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Sathyabama University; Rajiv Gandhi Salai Chennai - 600119, TN India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit; Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Sathyabama University; Rajiv Gandhi Salai Chennai - 600119, TN India
| | - P. Gopinath
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee Uttarakhand- 247667 India
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18
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Kundap U, Jaiswal Y, Sarawade R, Williams L, Shaikh MF. Effect of Pelargonidin isolated from Ficus benghalensis L. on phenotypic changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:249-257. [PMID: 28344476 PMCID: PMC5355545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the extraction and isolation of Pelargonidin, an anthocyanin compound from stem bark of Ficus benghalensis are described. The study also involves evaluation of the effect of Pelargonidin on phenotypic variations in zebra fish embryos. Extraction and isolation of Pelargonidin were carried out by employing liquid-liquid extraction technique, phytochemical tests, column chromatography, UV and FT-IR. In the zebra fish embryo model, Paclitaxel was employed as a negative control. A series of phenotypic changes in different stages of embryonic development were studied with treatment concentrations of Pelargonidin between 3.0 and 20 ppm at 0-72-hour post-fertilization (hpf). The results of our studies indicate that, after exposure of zebra fish embryos to 3.3-20 ppm concentration of Pelargonidin for 72 h, a significant reduction in aortic development occurs. At the dose level of 0.5 ppm Paclitaxel and Pelargonidin in the dose range between 3.3 and 20 ppm, the zebra fish embryos were found to have bent tail, malformed eyes and developmental delays in vasculature. Based on the results obtained, we infer that Pelargonidin can exhibit phenotypic anti-angiogenic variations in embryonic stage of fish embryos and it can be applied in future for exploration of its anti-angiogenic potential. Furthermore, Pelargonidin could serve as a candidate drug for in vivo inhibition of angiogenesis and can be applied for the treatment of neovascular diseases and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yogini Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Rachana Sarawade
- CHM Campus, Chandibai Himmathmal Mansukhani Road, Opp. Ulhasnagar Railway Station, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra 421003, India
| | - Leonard Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Bhushan B, Nandhagopal S, Rajesh Kannan R, Gopinath P. Biomimetic nanomaterials: Development of protein coated nanoceria as a potential antioxidative nano-agent for the effective scavenging of reactive oxygen species in vitro and in zebrafish model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:375-86. [PMID: 27388966 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress is one of the major factors responsible for initiation of several intracellular toxic events that leads to cell death. Antioxidant enzymes defence system of the body is responsible for maintaining the oxidative balance and cellular homeostasis. Several diseases are promoted by the excessive oxidative stress caused by the impaired antioxidant defence system that leads to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the body. In order to restore or precise the aberrant antioxidant system, a large number of catalytic nanoparticles has been screened so far. Exceptional antioxidative activity of nanoceria made it as a potential antioxidative nano-agent for the effective scavenging of toxic ROS. In this work albumin coated nanoceria (ANC) was synthesized and further characterised by various physicochemical techniques. The antioxidant and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay confirm that the albumin coating do not alter the antioxidant potential of ANC. The biocompatibility and protective efficacy of ANC against oxidative stress was investigated both in vitro and in vivo in human lung epithelial (L-132) cells and zebrafish embryos, respectively. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis corroborates the uptake of ANC by the cells. Furthermore, the semi-quantitative gene expression studies confirmed that the ANC successfully defend the cells against oxidative stress by preserving the antioxidant system of the cells. Thus, the current work open up a new avenue for the development of improved antioxidant nano-drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - Soundharapandiyan Nandhagopal
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, TN, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, TN, India
| | - P Gopinath
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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20
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Kang MC, Kim SY, Kim EA, Lee JH, Kim YS, Yu SK, Chae JB, Choe IH, Cho JH, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant activity of polysaccharide purified from Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai stems in vitro and in vivo zebrafish model. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 127:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Samaee SM, Rabbani S, Jovanović B, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Haghpanah V. Efficacy of the hatching event in assessing the embryo toxicity of the nano-sized TiO₂ particles in zebrafish: a comparison between two different classes of hatching-derived variables. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:121-128. [PMID: 25795996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nano-TiO2 toxicity to zebrafish embryos through evaluating the success in hatching in relationship with hours post-exposure instead of considering just the total hatching rate. Zebrafish embryos 4h post-fertilization were exposed to nTiO2 (0, 0.01, 10, and 1000 µg mL(-1)) for 130 h. The hatching rate (HR) was calculated for each concentration (treatment). The HR magnitude was significantly (p<0.001) correlated (using simple regression) to hours post-exposure time interval (hpe; 34, 58, 82, 106, and 130), noted as HR.hpe. The HR descriptive statistics (HRds) and the parameters of the regression models (i.e., constant, x, F, and r(2)) were recruited to define 15 HRds- and 4 h.hpe-derived variables, respectively. The efficacy of the variables was evaluated. Exposure to nTiO2 led to a significant: premature hatching and general decrease in time required for normal hatching; and change in HR and hpe interrelations in a dose-dependent manner. The major change in hatchability between the treatment and control occurred at 58 hpe (62 hpf), when the treatment with nTiO2 induced significant premature hatching compared to only 6% of the hatched embryos in the control at the same time point. EC10 and EC50 values that cause premature hatching at 58 hpe for nTiO2 are 0.073 µg mL(-1) and 107.2 µg mL(-1) respectively. In general(,) this study shows multivariate differences among exposure concentrations of nTiO2 recruiting hatching-derived endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114-13137, Iran
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22
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Ryu SJ, Choi HS, Yoon KY, Lee OH, Kim KJ, Lee BY. Oleuropein suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cell and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2098-2105. [PMID: 25613688 DOI: 10.1021/jf505894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein is one of the primary phenolic compounds present in olive leaf. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of oleuropein was investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and a zebrafish model. The inhibitory effect of oleuropein on LPS-induced NO production in macrophages was supported by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, our enzyme immunoassay showed that oleuropein suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Oleuropein inhibited the translocation of p65 by suppressing phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α). Oleuropein also decreased activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, which are associated with LPS-induced inflammation, and its downstream gene of AP-1. Furthermore, oleuropein inhibited LPS-stimulated NO generation in a zebrafish model. Taken together, our results demonstrated that oleuropein could reduce inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR and MAPK signaling, and may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University , Kyonggi 463-836, South Korea
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23
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Ko JY, Kim EA, Lee JH, Kang MC, Lee JS, Kim JS, Jung WK, Jeon YJ. Protective effect of aquacultured flounder fish-derived peptide against oxidative stress in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:320-323. [PMID: 24333583 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of aquacultured flounder fish-derived peptide (AFFP) against 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage in a zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were evaluated for the protective effect by heartbeat rate, survival rate, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. In the results, the AAPH group showed a low survival rate, whereas the AFFP and AAPH co-treated group increased a survival rate. Also, AFFP dose-dependently reduced AAPH-induced intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation, and decreased cell death in AAPH-induced zebrafish. These results revealed that AFFP could be used as a natural antioxidant, and that the zebrafish provides an alternative in vivo model to efficiently evaluate the antioxidative effects of peptides on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Lee SH, Ko CI, Jee Y, Jeong Y, Kim M, Kim JS, Jeon YJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava in zebrafish model. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:84-9. [PMID: 23218269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava had strong anti-inflammatory activities. However, the direct effects of fucoidan of E. cava on anti-inflammatory activities in vivo model remained to be determined. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from E. cava (ECF) using tail-cutting-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish model. Treating zebrafish model with tail-cutting and LPS-treatment significantly increased the ROS and NO level. However, ECF inhibited this tail-cutting-induced and LPS-stimulated ROS and NO generation. These results show that ECF alleviated inflammation by inhibiting the ROS and NO generation induced by tail-cutting and LPS-treatment. In addition, ECF has a protective effect against the toxicity induced by LPS exposure in zebrafish embryos. This outcome could explain the potential anti-inflammatory activity of ECF, which might have a beneficial effect during the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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25
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Quercitrin protects against ultraviolet B-induced cell death in vitro and in an in vivo zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 114:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Bakkiyanathan A, Nathan JR, Ravikumar S, Gopalakrishnan TS, Aruldas FMM, Malathi R. Anti-angiogenic effects of theophylline on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Cha SH, Ko CI, Kim D, Jeon YJ. Protective effects of phlorotannins against ultraviolet B radiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:51-6, e12. [PMID: 22040269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation has been associated with a variety of adverse effects in all forms of life, including micro-organisms, plants, animals and humans. Ultraviolet B induces cell damage at the molecular level and consequently organisms must employ strategies to protect themselves from sunlight and to repair UV-B-induced cellular damage. In this study, the UV-B protective effects of four different phlorotannins isolated from a brown alga (Ecklonia cava) were determined using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model. Zebrafish embryos were pretreated with phlorotannins and exposed to UV-B (50 mJ/cm(2)). The heart rate, generation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, cell death and hyperpigmentation were assessed in order to evaluate UV-B-induced photo-damage. Treatment of the embryos with the algal phorotannins reduced UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels, protected against UV-B-induced cell death and significantly reduced hyperpigmentation. We therefore suggest that phlorotannins isolated from E. cava can protect against UV-B radiation. Editor Note. Readers of the journal may be unfamiliar with the use of zebrafish embryos in research studies. There is no indication in this article of an ethical review of the study. This is because the use of fish embryos in research, at least in the UK, is not subject to a licensing procedure if they are less than 5 days post fertilization (dpf). In this study the embryos were 2 dpf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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28
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Cha SH, Ko SC, Kim D, Jeon YJ. Screening of marine algae for potential tyrosinase inhibitor: those inhibitors reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in zebrafish. J Dermatol 2011; 38:354-63. [PMID: 21544943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to find new anti-browning and whitening agents in this study, we investigated 43 indigenous marine algae for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts from Endarachne binghamiae, Schizymenia dubyi, Ecklonia cava (EC) and Sargassum silquastrum (SS) evidenced potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity similar to that of positive control, kojic acid. Among those marine algae, EC and SS are distributed abundantly on Jeju Island. Therefore, we selected those two species for further studies. Our results evidenced that both species reduced cellular melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. On the other hand, we utilized zebrafish as an alternative in vivo model. All the tested samples evidenced excellent inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, most likely due to their potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In simultaneous in vivo toxicity tests, no toxicity was observed in either algal species, on the other hand, toxicity was observed in positive controls. These results provided that EC and SS extract could be used as an ingredient for whiting cosmetics and that zebrafish is an alternative in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju, Korea
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29
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Delvecchio C, Tiefenbach J, Krause HM. The zebrafish: a powerful platform for in vivo, HTS drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 9:354-61. [PMID: 21309713 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging vertebrate model for drug discovery that permits whole animal drug screens with excellent throughput, combined with ease of use and low cost. This review will begin with a discussion on the background, suitability, and advantages of this vertebrate model system and then, citing specific examples, will describe the utility of zebrafish at specific stages in the drug development pipeline. We will end with a synopsis of recent drug screens based on morphological disruptions, genetic disease models, fluorescent markers, behavioral changes, and specific targets. The numerous advantages of this whole animal approach provide new promise for the discovery of safe, specific, and powerful new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Delvecchio
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
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30
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Choi TY, Choi DK, Lee SS, Ou BS, Kim S, Lee YH, Yoon TJ, Kim SJ, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Expression of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2c (PITX2c) in epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3263-71. [PMID: 20875405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) has been implicated as one of the genes responsible for Rieger syndrome. It has been also shown to play a central role during development. In this study, we investigated the functional role of PITX2 in keratinocyte differentiation. RT-PCR analysis showed that PITX2c isoform was predominantly expressed in a differentiation-dependent manner. Consistent with, immunohistochemical staining showed that PITX2 expression was increased in the upper layer of epidermis. When PITX2c was overexpressed in cultured keratinocytes by a recombinant adenovirus, the differentiation markers such as involucrin and loricrin were significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, PITX2c overexpression led to the decrease of cell growth, concomitantly with the upregulation of cell cycle-related genes p21. To investigate the effect of PITX2c in vivo, we microinjected PITX2c expression vector into zebrafish embryo. Interestingly, overexpression of PITX2c in zebrafish embryo led to the formation of horn-like structure and thickening of epidermis, together with the increase of keratin 8 (K8) expression. These results suggest that PITX2c has a role in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Xu D, Liang S. Proteome analysis of a single zebrafish embryo using three different digestion strategies coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 394:177-85. [PMID: 19643073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful model to analyze vertebrate embryogenesis and organ development. Although a number of genes have been identified to specify embryonic development processes, only a few large-scale proteomic analyses have been reported in regard to these events to date. Here the total proteins of a single embryo were analyzed by urea-, sodium deoxycholate (SDC)-, and performic acid (PA)-assisted trypsin digestion strategies coupled to capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (CapLC-MS/MS) identification. In total, 509 and 210 proteins were detected from the embryos at 72 and 120 hours postfertilization (hpf), respectively, with a false identification rate of less than 1%. Approximately 95% of those proteins could be observed by combining the urea- and SDC-assisted digestion strategies, suggesting that these two methods are more effective than the PA-assisted method. Compared with 0.5% SDC, 1% SDC was more effective to identify proteins in zebrafish embryos. In addition, removal of the predominant yolk proteins could significantly improve protein identification efficiency. Our study represents the first overview of the protein expression profile of a single zebrafish embryo at 72 or 120 hpf. More important, this single individual proteome methodology could be applied to multiple development stages of wide-type or mutant embryos, providing a simple and powerful way to further our understanding of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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32
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A novel puf-A gene predicted from evolutionary analysis is involved in the development of eyes and primordial germ-cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4980. [PMID: 19319195 PMCID: PMC2656619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human genome project has been completed for some time, the issue of the number of transcribed genes with identifiable biological functions remains unresolved. We used zebrafish as a model organism to study the functions of Ka/Ks-predicted novel human exons, which were identified from a comparative evolutionary genomics analysis. In this study, a novel gene, designated as puf-A, was cloned and functionally characterized, and its homologs in zebrafish, mouse, and human were identified as one of the three homolog clusters which were consisted of 14 related proteins with Puf repeats. Computer modeling of human Puf-A structure and a pull-down assay for interactions with RNA targets predicted that it was a RNA-binding protein. Specifically, Puf-A contained a special six Puf-repeat domain, which constituted a unique superhelix half doughnut-shaped Puf domain with a topology similar to, but different from the conventional eight-repeat Pumilio domain. Puf-A transcripts were uniformly distributed in early embryos, but became restricted primarily to eyes and ovaries at a later stage of development. In mice, puf-A expression was detected primarily in retinal ganglion and pigmented cells. Knockdown of puf-A in zebrafish embryos resulted in microphthalmia, a small head, and abnormal primordial germ-cell (PGC) migration. The latter was confirmed by microinjecting into embryos puf-A siRNA containing nanos 3′ UTR that expressed in PGC only. The importance of Puf-A in the maturation of germline stem cells was also implicated by its unique expression in the most primitive follicles (stage I) in adult ovaries, followed by a sharp decline of expression in later stages of folliculogenesis. Taken together, our study shows that puf-A plays an important role not only in eye development, but also in PGC migration and the specification of germ cell lineage. These studies represent an exemplary implementation of a unique platform to uncover unknown function(s) of human genes and their roles in development regulation.
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Abstract
The hemangioblast hypothesis was proposed a century ago. The existence of hemangioblasts is now demonstrated in mouse and human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs), in the mouse and zebrafish gastrula, and in adults. The hemangioblast is believed to derive from mesodermal cells, and is enriched in the Bry+Flk1+ and Flk1+Scl+ cell populations in EBs and in the posterior primitive streak of the mouse gastrula and in the ventral mesoderm of the zebrafish gastrula. However, recent studies suggest that the hemangioblast does not give rise to all endothelial and hematopoietic lineages in mouse and zebrafish embryos. Although several signaling pathways are known to involve the generation of hemangioblasts, it remains largely unknown how the hemangioblast is formed and what are the master genes controlling hemangioblast development. This review will summarize our current knowledge, challenges, and future directions on molecular and developmental aspects of the hemangioblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- The Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 01219, USA.
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Choi TY, Kim JH, Ko DH, Kim CH, Hwang JS, Ahn S, Kim SY, Kim CD, Lee JH, Yoon TJ. Zebrafish as a new model for phenotype-based screening of melanogenic regulatory compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:120-7. [PMID: 17371438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although many hypo-pigmenting agents are currently available, the demand for novel whitening agents is increasing, in part due to the weak effectiveness and unwanted side effects of currently available compounds. To screen for novel hypo-pigmenting agents, many methodologies such as cell culture and enzymatic assays are routinely used. However, these models have disadvantages in terms of physiological and economic relevance. In this study, we validated zebrafish as a whole-animal model for phenotype-based screening of melanogenic inhibitors or stimulators. We used both the well-known melanogenic inhibitors (1-phenyl-2-thiourea, arbutin, kojic acid, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) and newly developed small molecule compounds (haginin, YT16i). All the tested compounds produced inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, most likely due to their inhibitory potential on tyrosinase activity. In simultaneous in vivo toxicity tests, a newly developed melanogenic inhibitor YT16i showed massive abnormalities in terms of deformed morphologies and cardiac function. Together, these results provide a rationale in screening and evaluating the putative melanogenic regulatory compounds. We suggest that the zebrafish system is a novel alternative to mammalian models, with several advantages including the rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Hill AJ, Teraoka H, Heideman W, Peterson RE. Zebrafish as a Model Vertebrate for Investigating Chemical Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2005; 86:6-19. [PMID: 15703261 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been a prominent model vertebrate in a variety of biological disciplines. Substantial information gathered from developmental and genetic research, together with near-completion of the zebrafish genome project, has placed zebrafish in an attractive position for use as a toxicological model. Although still in its infancy, there is a clear potential for zebrafish to provide valuable new insights into chemical toxicity, drug discovery, and human disease using recent advances in forward and reverse genetic techniques coupled with large-scale, high-throughput screening. Here we present an overview of the rapidly increasing use of zebrafish in toxicology. Advantages of the zebrafish both in identifying endpoints of toxicity and in elucidating mechanisms of toxicity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Hill
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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36
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Abstract
In aquatic vertebrates, hypoxia induces physiological changes that arise principally from O(2) chemoreceptors of the gill. Neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the zebrafish gill are morphologically similar to mammalian O(2) chemoreceptors (e.g. carotid body), suggesting that they may play a role in initiating the hypoxia response in fish. We describe morphological changes of zebrafish gill NECs following in vivo exposure to chronic hypoxia, and characterize the cellular mechanisms of O(2) sensing in isolated NECs using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Confocal immunofluorescence studies indicated that chronic hypoxia (P(O(2)) = 35 mmHg, 60 days) induced hypertrophy, proliferation and process extension in NECs immunoreactive for serotonin or synaptic vesicle protein (SV2). Under voltage clamp, NECs responded to hypoxia (P(O(2)) = 25-140 mmHg) with a dose-dependent decrease in K(+) current. The current-voltage relationship of the O(2)-sensitive current (I(KO(2))) reversed near E(K) and displayed open rectification. Pharmacological characterization indicated that I(KO(2)) was resistant to 20 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 5 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), but was sensitive to 1 mm quinidine. In current-clamp recordings, hypoxia produced membrane depolarization associated with a conductance decrease; this depolarization was blocked by quinidine, but was insensitive to TEA and 4-AP. These biophysical and pharmacological characteristics suggest that hypoxia sensing in zebrafish gill NECs is mediated by inhibition of a background K(+) conductance, which generates a receptor potential necessary for neurosecretion and activation of sensory pathways in the gill. This appears to be a fundamental mechanism of O(2) sensing that arose early in vertebrate evolution, and was adopted later in mammalian O(2) chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Jonz
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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37
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Cui Z, Yang Y, Kaufman CD, Agalliu D, Hackett PB. RecA-mediated, targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2003; 5:174-184. [PMID: 12876654 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-002-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2002] [Accepted: 04/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the efficacy of RecA, a prokaryotic protein involved with homologous recombination, to direct site-specific mutagenesis in zebrafish embryos. For this we coinjected a vector containing a mutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene plus 236-nucleotide corrective single-stranded DNAs coated with RecA into 1-cell zebrafish embryos. Twenty-hours after fertilization, about 5% to 20% of injected embryos showed EGFP expression in 1 or more cells when RecA-coated corrective DNAs were used, but not when RecA was omitted. Mutated EGFP genes with 1-bp insertions or deletions were inefficiently activated, whereas those with 7-bp insertions were activated about 4-fold more efficiently. RecA-coated template strand had a higher efficiency than its complementary strand in activation of EGFP expression. Prior irradiation of the embryos with UV light enhanced RecA-mediated restoration of gene activity, suggesting that the effects we observed were augmented by one or more factors of zebrafish DNA repair systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbin Cui
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for Transposon Research, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
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Spitsbergen JM, Kent ML. The state of the art of the zebrafish model for toxicology and toxicologic pathology research--advantages and current limitations. Toxicol Pathol 2003; 31 Suppl:62-87. [PMID: 12597434 PMCID: PMC1909756 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390174959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the pre-eminent vertebrate model system for clarification of the roles of specific genes and signaling pathways in development. The zebrafish genome will be completely sequenced within the next 1-2 years. Together with the substantial historical database regarding basic developmental biology, toxicology, and gene transfer, the rich foundation of molecular genetic and genomic data makes zebrafish a powerful model system for clarifying mechanisms in toxicity. In contrast to the highly advanced knowledge base on molecular developmental genetics in zebrafish, our database regarding infectious and noninfectious diseases and pathologic lesions in zebrafish lags far behind the information available on most other domestic mammalian and avian species, particularly rodents. Currently, minimal data are available regarding spontaneous neoplasm rates or spontaneous aging lesions in any of the commonly used wild-type or mutant lines of zebrafish. Therefore, to fully utilize the potential of zebrafish as an animal model for understanding human development, disease, and toxicology we must greatly advance our knowledge on zebrafish diseases and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Spitsbergen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA.
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Abstract
The sleep-promoting effect of the pineal hormone melatonin in humans is known for decades. However, the mechanisms of this phenomenon remain obscure, mainly due to lack of a simple, genetically tractable, animal model. We now report that melatonin promotes sleep-like state in a diurnal lower vertebrate, zebrafish (Danio rerio), and this effect is mediated through activation of specific melatonin membrane receptors. Furthermore, our data show that the sleep-like state in zebrafish has fundamental similarities with sleep in mammals, including characteristic postures, elevated arousal threshold to sensory stimulation and a compensatory rest rebound following rest deprivation, and can be induced by conventional hypnotics, diazepam and sodium pentobarbital. Collectively, these data indicate that melatonin is evolutionary conserved sleep-promoting agent in diurnal species and suggest that zebrafish provide an efficient animal model for studying the molecular mechanisms of sleep regulation and for screening new types of hypnotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Zhdanova
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Rees BB, Sudradjat FA, Love JW. Acclimation to hypoxia increases survival time of zebrafish, Danio rerio, during lethal hypoxia. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2001; 289:266-72. [PMID: 11241397 DOI: 10.1002/1097-010x(20010401/30)289:4<266::aid-jez7>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Survivorship of zebrafish, Danio rerio, was measured during lethal hypoxic stress after pretreatment in water at either ambient oxygen or at a lowered, but nonlethal, level of oxygen. Acclimation to nonlethal hypoxia (pO(2) congruent with 15 Torr; ca. 10% air-saturation) for 48 hr significantly extended survival time during more severe hypoxia (pO(2) congruent with 8 Torr; ca. 5% air-saturation) compared to survival of individuals with no prior hypoxic exposure. The magnitude of the acclimation effect depended upon the sex of the fish: hypoxia pretreatment increased the survival times of males by a factor of approximately 9 and that of females by a factor of 3 relative to controls. In addition, survival time of control and hypoxia acclimated fish depended upon when in the year experiments were conducted. Survival times were 2-3 times longer when measured in the late fall or winter compared to survival times measured during the spring or summer. These results demonstrate a direct survival benefit of short-term acclimation to hypoxia in this genetically tractable fish. The fact that the acclimation effect depended upon the sex of the fish and the season during which experiments were conducted demonstrates that other genetic and/or environmental factors affect hypoxia tolerance in this species. J. Exp. Zool. 289:266-272, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, Lakefront Campus, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA.
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Peterson RT, Link BA, Dowling JE, Schreiber SL. Small molecule developmental screens reveal the logic and timing of vertebrate development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:12965-9. [PMID: 11087852 PMCID: PMC27161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Much has been learned about vertebrate development by random mutagenesis followed by phenotypic screening and by targeted gene disruption followed by phenotypic analysis in model organisms. Because the timing of many developmental events is critical, it would be useful to have temporal control over modulation of gene function, a luxury frequently not possible with genetic mutants. Here, we demonstrate that small molecules capable of conditional gene product modulation can be identified through developmental screens in zebrafish. We have identified several small molecules that specifically modulate various aspects of vertebrate ontogeny, including development of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the neural crest, and the ear. Several of the small molecules identified allowed us to dissect the logic of melanocyte and otolith development and to identify critical periods for these events. Small molecules identified in this way offer potential to dissect further these and other developmental processes and to identify novel genes involved in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Peterson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Jagadeeswaran P, Gregory M, Johnson S, Thankavel B. Haemostatic screening and identification of zebrafish mutants with coagulation pathway defects: an approach to identifying novel haemostatic genes in man. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:946-56. [PMID: 11054087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish were used as a model to study haemostasis, a vertebrate function of paramount importance. A limitation of the zebrafish model is the difficulty in assaying small amounts of blood to detect coagulation mutants. We report the use of a rapid total coagulation activity (TCA) assay to screen for coagulation defects in individual adult zebrafish. We screened the TCA in 1000 gynogenetic half-tetrad diploids derived from 86 clutches. Each clutch was from a single F1 female offspring of males mutagenized with ethylnitrosourea (ENU). We found 30-50% defective zebrafish among six clutches, consistent with a heritable defect. The assay developed here provided a rapid screen to detect overall coagulation defects. However, because of the limited amounts of plasma, we could not detect defects in specific pathways. Therefore, a novel, ultra-sensitive kinetic method was developed to identify specific pathway defects. To test whether the kinetic assay could be used as a screening tool, 1500 Florida wild-type zebrafish pairs were analysed for naturally occurring coagulation defects. We detected 30 fish with extrinsic pathway defects, but with intact common and intrinsic pathways. We conclude that it is now possible to identify specific coagulation pathway defects in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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43
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Abstract
The zebrafish has recently joined the ranks of Drosophila and C. elegans as a tractable model for genetic screens (Fishman, 1999). Zebrafish grow fast, can be kept in large numbers in a small space, and are efficiently mutagenized and screened. Genomic resources are made available at an increasing pace. These days, a mutation can be mapped and cloned in a matter of months. Because a mutant hunt is intrinsically unbiased in terms of the classes of genes that will be tagged, it holds the unique potential to discover novel genes or, in our era of genome sequencing, to identify novel functions for known genes. Zebrafish display dozens of innate behaviours in response to light, of which the optomotor and the optokinetic responses are the most widely studied (Brockerhoff et al. 1995; Easter & Nicola, 1996). Their retinae are crisply layered following the typical vertebrate pattern, and the retinal layers are tiled in an almost crystalline fashion by mosaics of different cell types. Electroretinograms are recorded routinely and therefore, not surprisingly, zebrafish are now also being used for a genetic approach to the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baier
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Physiology, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA.
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