1
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Siddiqui KM, Durham DB, Cropp F, Ji F, Paiagua S, Ophus C, Andresen NC, Jin L, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, You W, Murnane M, Centurion M, Wang X, Slaughter DS, Kaindl RA, Musumeci P, Minor AM, Filippetto D. Relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction at high repetition rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064302. [PMID: 38058995 PMCID: PMC10697722 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron Scattering) instrument, which blends relativistic electrons and high repetition rates to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in average beam current compared to the existing state-of-the-art instruments. The setup utilizes a novel electron source to deliver femtosecond duration electron pulses at up to MHz repetition rates for UED experiments. Instrument response function of sub-500 fs is demonstrated with < 100 fs time resolution targeted in future. We provide example cases of diffraction measurements on solid-state and gas-phase samples, including both micro- and nanodiffraction (featuring 100 nm beam size) modes, which showcase the potential of the instrument for novel UED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Siddiqui
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - F. Ji
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Paiagua
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N. C. Andresen
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W. You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - D. Filippetto
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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2
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Investigating the Photodissociation Dynamics of CF 2BrCF 2I in CCl 4 through Femtosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021319. [PMID: 36674834 PMCID: PMC9861670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of CF2BrCF2I in CCl4 at 280 ± 2 K were investigated by probing the C-F stretching mode from 300 fs to 10 μs after excitation at 267 nm using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. The excitation led to the dissociation of I or Br atoms within 300 fs, producing the CF2BrCF2 or CF2ICF2 radicals, respectively. All nascent CF2ICF2 underwent further dissociation of I, producing CF2CF2 with a time constant of 56 ± 5 ns. All nascent g-CF2BrCF2 isomerized into the more stable a-CF2BrCF2 with a time constant of 47 ± 5 ps. Furthermore, a-CF2BrCF2 underwent a bimolecular reaction with either itself (producing CF2BrCF2Br and CF2CF2) or Br in the CCl4 solution (producing CF2BrCF2Br) at a diffusion-limited rate. The secondary dissociation of Br from a-CF2BrCF2 was significantly slow to compete with the bimolecular reactions. Overall, approximately half of the excited CF2BrCF2I at 267 nm produced CF2BrCF2Br, whereas the other half produced CF2CF2. The excess energies in the nascent radicals were thermalized much faster than the secondary dissociation of I from CF2ICF2 and the observed bimolecular reactions, implying that the secondary reactions proceeded under thermal conditions. This study further demonstrates that structure-sensitive time-resolved infrared spectroscopy can be used to study various reaction dynamics in solution in real time.
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3
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Park S, Shin J, Yoon H, Lim M. Rotational Isomerization of Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds in Ethyl Radical Derivatives in a Room-Temperature Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11551-11557. [PMID: 36475676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rotational isomerization of 1,2-disubstituted ethyl radical derivatives, reaction intermediates often found in the reaction of 1,2-disubstituted ethane derivatives, has never been measured because of their short lifetime and ultrafast rotation. However, the rotational time constant is critical for understanding the detailed reaction mechanism involving these radicals, which determine the stereoisomers of compounds produced via the intermediates. Using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, we found that the CF2BrCF2 radical in a CCl4 solution rotationally isomerizes with a time constant of 47 ± 5 ps at 280 ± 2 K. From this value and the rotational barrier heights of related compounds, CH3CH2 and CH3CH2CHCH3 radicals in CCl4 were estimated to rotationally isomerize within 1 ps at 298 K, considerably faster than ethane and n-butane, which rotationally isomerize with time constants of 1.8 and 81 ps, respectively. The time constant for the rotational isomerization was similar to that calculated using transition state theory with a transmission coefficient of 0.75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Korea
| | - Juhyang Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Korea
| | - Hojeong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Korea
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Korea
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4
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Zhang M, Guo Z, Mi X, Li Z, Liu Y. Ultrafast Imaging of Molecular Dynamics Using Ultrafast Low-Frequency Lasers, X-ray Free Electron Lasers, and Electron Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1668-1680. [PMID: 35147438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The requirement of high space-time resolution and brightness is a great challenge for imaging atomic motion and making molecular movies. Important breakthroughs in ultrabright tabletop laser, X-ray, and electron sources have enabled the direct imaging of evolving molecular structures in chemical processes, and recent experimental advances in preparing ultrafast laser and electron pulses resulted in molecular imaging with femtosecond time resolution. This Perspective presents an overview of the versatile imaging methods of molecular dynamics. High-order harmonic generation imaging and photoelectron diffraction imaging are based on laser-induced ionization and rescattering processes. Coulomb explosion imaging retrieves molecular structural information by detecting the momentum vectors of fragmented ions. Diffraction imaging encodes molecular structural and electronic information in reciprocal space. We also present various applications of these ultrafast imaging methods in resolving laser-induced nuclear and electronic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Jeong H, Ki H, Kim JG, Kim J, Lee Y, Ihee H. Sensitivity of
time‐resolved
diffraction data to changes in internuclear distances and atomic positions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haeyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Ki
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea
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6
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Park S, Lee T, Shin J, Yoon H, Pak Y, Lim M. Conformer-Specific Photodissociation Dynamics of CF2ICF2I in Solution Probed by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8640-8650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Taegon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juhyang Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hojeong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Youngshang Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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7
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Schoeller WW. The Niecke Biradicals and Their Congeners – The Journey from Stable Biradicaloids to Their Utilization for the Design of Nonlinear Optical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W. Schoeller
- Department of Chemistry University of Bielefeld P. O. Box 10 01 31 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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8
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Tsuru S, Fujikawa T, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Theoretical study of ultrafast x-ray photoelectron diffraction from molecules undergoing photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tsuru
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Akira Yagishita
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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9
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Haupa KA, Lim M, Lee YP. Photodissociation of CF2ICF2I in solid para-hydrogen: infrared spectra of anti- and gauche-˙C2F4I radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12650-12658. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photolysis of 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane (CF2ICF2I) produced anti- and gauche-˙C2F4I radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Anna Haupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science
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10
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Zandi O, Wilkin KJ, Xiong Y, Centurion M. High current table-top setup for femtosecond gas electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044022. [PMID: 28529963 PMCID: PMC5422208 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed an experimental setup for gas phase electron diffraction with femtosecond resolution and a high average beam current. While gas electron diffraction has been successful at determining molecular structures, it has been a challenge to reach femtosecond resolution while maintaining sufficient beam current to retrieve structures with high spatial resolution. The main challenges are the Coulomb force that leads to broadening of the electron pulses and the temporal blurring that results from the velocity mismatch between the laser and electron pulses as they traverse the sample. We present here a device that uses pulse compression to overcome the Coulomb broadening and deliver femtosecond electron pulses on a gas target. The velocity mismatch can be compensated using laser pulses with a tilted intensity front to excite the sample. The temporal resolution of the setup was determined with a streak camera to be better than 400 fs for pulses with up to half a million electrons and a kinetic energy of 90 keV. The high charge per pulse, combined with a repetition rate of 5 kHz, results in an average beam current that is between one and two orders of magnitude higher than previously demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zandi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Kyle J Wilkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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11
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Vorobiev AK, Gazizov RR, Borschevskii AY, Markov VY, Ioutsi VA, Brotsman VA, Sidorov LN. Fullerene as Photocatalyst: Visible-Light Induced Reaction of Perfluorinated α,ω-Diiodoalkanes with C60. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:113-121. [PMID: 27982596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kh. Vorobiev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan R. Gazizov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Ya. Borschevskii
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy Yu. Markov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy A. Ioutsi
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Brotsman
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lev N. Sidorov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Rudakov F, Weber PM. Ultrafast structural and isomerization dynamics in the Rydberg-exited quadricyclane: norbornadiene system. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:134303. [PMID: 22482548 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The quadricyclane-norbornadiene system is an important model for the isomerization dynamics between highly strained molecules. In a breakthrough observation for a polyatomic molecular system of that complexity, we follow the photoionization from Rydberg states in the time-domain to derive a measure for the time-dependent structural dynamics and the time-evolving structural dispersion even while the molecule is crossing electronic surfaces. The photoexcitation to the 3s and 3p Rydberg states deposits significant amounts of energy into vibrational motions. We observe the formation and evolution of the vibrational wavepacket on the Rydberg surface and the internal conversion from the 3p Rydberg states to the 3s state. In that state, quadricyclane isomerizes to norbornadiene with a time constant of τ(2) = 136(45) fs. The lifetime of the 3p Rydberg state in quadricyclane is τ(1) = 320(31) and the lifetime of the 3s Rydberg state in norbornadiene is τ(3) = 394(32).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Rudakov
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37931, USA.
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13
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Kim J, Lee JH, Kim J, Jun S, Kim KH, Kim TW, Wulff M, Ihee H. Structural dynamics of 1,2-diiodoethane in cyclohexane probed by picosecond X-ray liquidography. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:2713-22. [PMID: 22126644 DOI: 10.1021/jp2078314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the structural dynamics of iodine elimination reaction of 1,2-diiodoethane (C(2)H(4)I(2)) in cyclohexane by applying time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL). The TRXL technique combines structural sensitivity of X-ray diffraction and 100 ps time resolution of X-ray pulses from synchrotron and allows direct probing of transient structure of reacting molecules. From the analysis of time-dependent X-ray solution scattering patterns using global fitting based on DFT calculation and MD simulation, we elucidate the kinetics and structure of transient intermediates resulting from photodissociation of C(2)H(4)I(2). In particular, the effect of solvent on the reaction kinetics and pathways is examined by comparison with an earlier TRXL study on the same reaction in methanol. In cyclohexane, the C(2)H(4)I radical intermediate undergoes two branched reaction pathways, formation of C(2)H(4)I-I isomer and direct dissociation into C(2)H(4) and I, while only isomer formation occurs in methanol. Also, the C(2)H(4)I-I isomer has a shorter lifetime in cyclohexane by an order of magnitude than in methanol. The difference in the reaction dynamics in the two solvents is accounted for by the difference in solvent polarity. In addition, we determine that the C(2)H(4)I radical has a bridged structure, not a classical structure, in cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Kim
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ihee H. Visualizing solution-phase reaction dynamics with time-resolved X-ray liquidography. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:356-66. [PMID: 19117426 DOI: 10.1021/ar800168v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most chemical reactions occur in solution, and complex interactions between solute and solvent influence the rich chemistry of these processes. To track time-dependent processes in such reactions, researchers often use time-resolved spectroscopy. In these experiments, an optical pulse (pump) initiates a reaction, and another time-delayed optical pulse (probe) monitors the progress of the reaction. However, because of the wavelength range of the probe light used in these experiments, from infrared to ultraviolet, researchers cannot directly determine detailed structural information such as the bond lengths and bond angles of reaction intermediates. In addition, not all intermediates might be sensitive to the spectroscopic signal chosen for the experiment. This Account describes time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL), a technique that overcomes these problems. In this technique, we replace the optical probe with the diffraction of hard X-ray pulses emitted from a synchrotron source. In TRXL, diffraction signals are sensitive to all chemical species simultaneously. In addition, each chemical species has a characteristic diffraction signal, a fingerprint, that we calculate from its three-dimensional atomic coordinates. Because, X-rays scatter from all atoms in the solution sample, including both the solute and the solvent, the analysis of TRXL data can track not only the reaction pathways of the solute molecules but also the solvent behavior and the solute-solvent arrangement, thus providing a global picture of the reactions. We have used TRXL to study structural dynamics and spatiotemporal kinetics of many molecular systems including diatomic molecules, haloalkanes, organometallic complexes, and protein molecules over timescales from picoseconds to milliseconds. We have observed that TRXL data adds to and, in some cases, contradicts results from time-resolved spectroscopy. For example, TRXL has shown that the reaction intermediates upon C-I bond dissociation in C(2)H(4)I(2) and C(2)F(4)I(2) have completely different structures and corresponding subsequent reaction pathways, underscoring the dramatic effect of the fluorine substitution. We have also used TRXL to identify a new reaction intermediate of the photolysis of Ru(3)(CO)(12) that has no bridging carbonyl groups. Though not detected by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, this intermediate predominates based on the TRXL data. In looking at the quaternary conformational changes of hemoglobin, TRXL analysis suggests a faster transition than was suggested by optical spectroscopy. The time resolution of TRXL is currently limited by the X-ray pulse width available from synchrotron sources ( approximately 100 ps). The resolution should improve to 100 fs or better with X-ray free electron lasers. With this higher resolution, real time observation of ultrafast chemical events such as bond-breaking and bond-making will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee JH, Kim TK, Kim J, Kong Q, Cammarata M, Lorenc M, Wulff M, Ihee H. Capturing Transient Structures in the Elimination Reaction of Haloalkane in Solution by Transient X-ray Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5834-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710267u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Lee
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Maciej Lorenc
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Michael Wulff
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Time-Resolved Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France
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16
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Shorokhov D, Zewail AH. 4D electron imaging: principles and perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:2879-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b801626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Pimenova AS, Sidorov LN, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Fluorocycloalkylated Fullerenes in the Systems C60/70–C2F4I2. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Abstract
In this review, we highlight the progress made in the development of 4D ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), crystallography (UEC), and microscopy (UEM) with a focus on concepts, methodologies, and prototypical applications. The joint atomic-scale resolutions in space and time, and sensitivity reached, make it possible to determine complex transient structures and assemblies in different phases. These applications include studies of isolated chemical reactions (molecular beams), interfaces, surfaces and nanocrystals, self-assembly, and 2D crystalline fatty-acid bilayers. In 4D UEM, we are now able, using timed, single-electron packets, to image nano-to-micro scale structures of materials and biological cells. Future applications of these methods are foreseen across areas of physics, chemistry, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Zewail
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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19
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Shorokhov D, Park ST, Zewail AH. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction: Dynamical Structures on Complex Energy Landscapes. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:2228-50. [PMID: 16273578 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report studies in ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), with the aim of exploring new directions. The main focus is on the determination of complex structures and their dynamics with spatial and temporal resolutions sufficient to give an atomic-scale picture for the evolution in chemical or biological change. We also provide the theoretical framework for UED, and compare the experimental findings of UED to those predicted by density functional and charge density calculations. Selected applications are given in order to highlight phenomena related to concepts such as bifurcation of trajectories in dynamics, far-from-equilibrium coherent structures, and conformational robustness in biological structures. For the former two cases, we consider chemical systems, and, for the latter, we examine proteins of 200 atoms (angiotensin I) or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shorokhov
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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20
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Claessens BJ, van der Geer SB, Taban G, Vredenbregt EJD, Luiten OJ. Ultracold electron source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:164801. [PMID: 16241809 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a technique for producing electron bunches that has the potential for advancing the state-of-the-art in brightness of pulsed electron sources by orders of magnitude. In addition, this method leads to femtosecond bunch lengths without the use of ultrafast lasers or magnetic compression. The electron source we propose is an ultracold plasma with electron temperatures down to 10 K, which can be fashioned from a cloud of laser-cooled atoms by photoionization just above threshold. Here we present results of simulations in a realistic setting, showing that an ultracold plasma has an enormous potential as a bright electron source.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Claessens
- Department of Applied Physics, Center for Plasma Physics and Radiation Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
This critical review is intended to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in femtosecond laser technology and recent applications in ultrafast gas phase chemical dynamics. Although "femtochemistry" is not a new subject, there have been some tremendous advances in experimental techniques during the last few years. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction have enabled us to observe molecular dynamics through a wider window. Attosecond laser sources, which have so far only been exploited in atomic physics, have the potential to probe chemical dynamics on an even faster timescale and observe the motions of electrons. Huge progress in pulse shaping and pulse characterisation methodology is paving the way for exciting new advances in the field of coherent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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22
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Dimitrijevic NM, Rajh T, Saponjic ZV, de la Garza L, Tiede DM. Light-Induced Charge Separation and Redox Chemistry at the Surface of TiO2/Host−Guest Hybrid Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada M. Dimitrijevic
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Tijana Rajh
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Zoran V. Saponjic
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Linda de la Garza
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - David M. Tiede
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bressler
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC-FSB-BSP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Ryu S, Stratt RM, Baeck KK, Weber PM. Electron Diffraction of Molecules in Specific Quantum States: A Theoretical Study of Vibronically Excited s-Tetrazine. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, Korea
| | - Richard M. Stratt
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, Korea
| | - Kyoung K. Baeck
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, Korea
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, Korea
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25
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Goodson BM, Ruan CY, Lobastov VA, Srinivasan R, Zewail AH. Ultrafast electron diffraction: complex landscapes of molecular structures in thermal and light-mediated reactions. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Hoshina K, Yamanouchi K, Ohshima T, Ose Y, Todokoro H. Alignment of CS2 in intense nanosecond laser fields probed by pulsed gas electron diffraction. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1557934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Zipse H. Charge distribution and charge separation in radical rearrangement reactions. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(03)38003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Oulianov DA, Tomov IV, Dvornikov AS, Rentzepis PM. Structures of bromoalkanes' photodissociation in solution by means of ultrafast extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:12556-61. [PMID: 12239341 PMCID: PMC130498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192447199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures of initial and final products of bromoalkanes' photodisociation reaction in cyclohexane solution have been measured with a bond length accuracy of 0.02 A by means of ultrafast time-resolved extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The photoredaction mechanism is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Oulianov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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29
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Rasmusson M, Tarnovsky AN, Pascher T, Sundström V, Åkesson E. Photodissociation of CH2ICH2I, CF2ICF2I, and CF2BrCF2I in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020720n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Rasmusson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Åkesson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Ihee H, Goodson BM, Srinivasan R, Lobastov VA, Zewail AH. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Structural Dynamics: Transient Intermediates in the Elimination Reaction of C2F4I2. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014144r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyotcherl Ihee
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ramesh Srinivasan
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Vladimir A. Lobastov
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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31
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Bressler C, Saes M, Chergui M, Grolimund D, Abela R, Pattison P. Towards structural dynamics in condensed chemical systems exploiting ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1435618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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32
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Ultrafast electron diffraction of transient cyclopentadienyl radical: A dynamic pseudorotary structure. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Neutze R, Wouts R, Techert S, Davidsson J, Kocsis M, Kirrander A, Schotte F, Wulff M. Visualizing photochemical dynamics in solution through picosecond x-ray scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:195508. [PMID: 11690426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.195508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A photoexcited state of molecular iodine in solution is observed using diffuse x-ray scattering at a synchrotron source. The measured changes in the diffuse scattering profile were consistent with earlier models of iodine's photodissociation and geminate recombination reaction, for which the recombined A/A(') state has a 0.4 A greater interatomic spacing than the resting state and has a lifetime of 500 ps in CH2Cl2. This technique should find application in the study of increasingly complicated photochemical systems which undergo structural rearrangements following rapid photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Neutze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, P.O. Box 462, SE 40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
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34
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Ferrero M, Robicheaux F. Inelastic scattering of a pulsed electron beam from a molecular wave packet. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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36
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Ihee H, Cao J, Zewail AH. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction of Transient [Fe(CO)4]: Determination of Molecular Structure and Reaction Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010417)113:8<1580::aid-ange1580>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Ihee H, Cao J, Zewail AH. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction of Transient [Fe(CO)4]: Determination of Molecular Structure and Reaction Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1532-1536. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1532::aid-anie1532>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Ihee H, Kua J, Goddard WA, Zewail AH. CF2XCF2X and CF2XCF2• Radicals (X = Cl, Br, I): Ab Initio and DFT Studies and Comparison with Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyotcherl Ihee
- Arthur Amos
Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), Materials and Process
Simulation Center,
Beckman Institute (139−74), and Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Jeremy Kua
- Arthur Amos
Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), Materials and Process
Simulation Center,
Beckman Institute (139−74), and Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - William A. Goddard
- Arthur Amos
Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), Materials and Process
Simulation Center,
Beckman Institute (139−74), and Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Arthur Amos
Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), Materials and Process
Simulation Center,
Beckman Institute (139−74), and Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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39
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Ihee H, Lobastov VA, Gomez UM, Goodson BM, Srinivasan R, Ruan CY, Zewail AH. Direct imaging of transient molecular structures with ultrafast diffraction. Science 2001; 291:458-62. [PMID: 11161194 DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5503.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) has been developed to study transient structures in complex chemical reactions initiated with femtosecond laser pulses. This direct imaging of reactions was achieved using our third-generation apparatus equipped with an electron pulse (1.07 +/- 0.27 picoseconds) source, a charge-coupled device camera, and a mass spectrometer. Two prototypical gas-phase reactions were studied: the nonconcerted elimination reaction of a haloethane, wherein the structure of the intermediate was determined, and the ring opening of a cyclic hydrocarbon containing no heavy atoms. These results demonstrate the vastly improved sensitivity, resolution, and versatility of UED for studying ultrafast structural dynamics in complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ihee
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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40
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Zewail A. Femtochemie: Studium der Dynamik der chemischen Bindung auf atomarer Skala mit Hilfe ultrakurzer Laserpulse (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000804)112:15<2688::aid-ange2688>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Tomov IV, Oulianov DA, Chen P, Rentzepis PM. Ultrafast Time-Resolved Transient Structures of Solids and Liquids Studied by Means of X-ray Diffraction and EXAFS. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9908449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Tomov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Dmitri A. Oulianov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Peilin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Peter M. Rentzepis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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42
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Ihee H, Zewail AH, Goddard WA. Conformations and Barriers of Haloethyl Radicals (CH2XCH2, X = F, Cl, Br, I): Ab Initio Studies. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990867n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyotcherl Ihee
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), and Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), and Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - William A. Goddard
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics (127-72), and Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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