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Ríos Carrasco M, Gröne A, van den Brand JMA, de Vries RP. The mammary glands of cows abundantly display receptors for circulating avian H5 viruses. J Virol 2024:e0105224. [PMID: 39387556 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01052-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) from the H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade are circulating in dairy farms in the USA.; ruminants were presumed not to be hosts for IAVs. Previously, IAV-positive mammalian species were hunters and scavengers, possibly getting infected while feeding on infected birds. It is now recognized that H5N1 viruses that circulate in US dairy cattle transmit through a mammary gland route, in contrast to transmission by aerosols via the respiratory tract. The sialome in the cow mammary and respiratory tract is so far solely defined using plant lectins. Here, we used recombinant HA proteins representing current circulating and classical H5 viruses to determine the distribution of IAV receptors in the respiratory and mammary tract tissues of cows. We complemented our study by mapping the glycan distribution of the upper and lower respiratory tracts of horses and pigs. Most of the sialome of the cow respiratory tract is lined with sialic acid modifications, such as N-glycolyl and O-acetyl, which are not bound by IAV. Interestingly, the H5 protein representing the cow isolates is bound significantly in the mammary gland, whereas classical H5 proteins failed to do so. Furthermore, whereas the 9-O-acetyl modification is prominent in all tissues tested, the 5-N-glycolyl modification is not, resulting in the display of receptors for avian IAV hemagglutinins. This could explain the high levels of virus found in these tissues and milk, adding supporting data to this virus transmission route.IMPORTANCEH5N1 influenza viruses, which usually affect birds, have been found on dairy farms in the USA. Surprisingly, these viruses are spreading among dairy cows, and there is a possibility that they do not spread through the air but through their milk glands. To understand this better, we studied how the virus attaches to tissues in the cow's respiratory tract and mammary glands using specific viral proteins. We found that the cow-associated virus binds strongly to the mammary glands, unlike older versions infecting birds. This might explain why the virus is found in cow's milk, suggesting a new way the virus could be spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ríos Carrasco
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M A van den Brand
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Kukan EN, Fabiano GL, Cobb BA. Siglecs as modulators of macrophage phenotype and function. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101887. [PMID: 39357273 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of receptors expressed widely on cells of the hematopoietic system. Siglecs recognize terminal sialic acid residues on glycans and often initiate intracellular signaling upon ligation. Cells can express several Siglec family members concurrently with each showing differential specificities for sialic acid linkages to the underlying glycan as well as varied hydroxyl substitutions, allowing these receptors to fine tune downstream responses. Macrophages are among the many immune cells that express Siglec family members. Macrophages exhibit wide diversity in their phenotypes and functions, and this diversity is often mediated by signals from the local environment, including those from glycans. In this review, we detail the known expression of Siglecs in macrophages while focusing on their functional importance and potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Kukan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Gabrielle L Fabiano
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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3
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Ide D, Gorelik A, Illes K, Nagar B. Structural Analysis of Mammalian Sialic Acid Esterase. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168801. [PMID: 39321866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Sialic acid esterase (SIAE) catalyzes the removal of O-acetyl groups from sialic acids found on cell surface glycoproteins to regulate cellular processes such as B cell receptor signalling and apoptosis. Loss-of-function mutations in SIAE are associated with several common autoimmune diseases including Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and arthritis. To gain a better understanding of the function and regulation of this protein, we determined crystal structures of SIAE from three mammalian homologs, including an acetate bound structure. The structures reveal that the catalytic domain adopts the fold of the SGNH hydrolase superfamily. The active site is composed of a catalytic dyad, as opposed to the previously reported catalytic triad. Attempts to determine a substrate-bound structure yielded only the hydrolyzed product acetate in the active site. Rigid docking of complete substrates followed by molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the active site does not form specific interactions with substrates, rather it appears to be broadly specific to accept sialoglycans with diverse modifications. Based on the acetate bound structure, a catalytic mechanism is proposed. Structural mapping of disease mutations reveals that most are located on the surface of the enzyme and would only cause minor disruptions to the protein fold, suggesting that these mutations likely affect binding to other factors. These results improve our understanding of SIAE biology and may aid in the development of therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ide
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Alexei Gorelik
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.
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Jin Y, Kozan D, Young ED, Hensley MR, Shen MC, Wen J, Moll T, Anderson JL, Kozan H, Rawls JF, Farber SA. A high-cholesterol zebrafish diet promotes hypercholesterolemia and fasting-associated liver steatosis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100637. [PMID: 39218217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are an ideal model organism to study lipid metabolism and to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of human lipid-associated disorders. Unlike murine models, to which various standardized high lipid diets such as a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) are available, there has yet to be a uniformly adopted zebrafish HCD protocol. In this study, we have developed an improved HCD protocol and thoroughly tested its impact on zebrafish lipid deposition and lipoprotein regulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The diet stability, reproducibility, and fish palatability were also validated. Fish fed HCD developed hypercholesterolemia as indicated by significantly elevated ApoB-containing lipoproteins (ApoB-LPs) and increased plasma levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Feeding of the HCD to larvae for 8 days produced hepatic steatosis that became more stable and sever after 1 day of fasting and was associated with an opaque liver phenotype (dark under transmitted light). Unlike larvae, adult fish fed HCD for 14 days followed by a 3-day fast did not develop a stable fatty liver phenotype, though the fish had higher ApoB-LP levels in plasma and an upregulated lipogenesis gene fasn in adipose tissue. In conclusion, our HCD zebrafish protocol represents an effective and reliable approach for studying the temporal characteristics of the physiological and biochemical responses to high levels of dietary cholesterol and provides insights into the mechanisms that may underlie fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Darby Kozan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Young
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica R Hensley
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tabea Moll
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Kozan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Adeniyi M, Gutierrez Reyes CD, Chávez-Reyes J, Marichal-Cancino BA, Solomon J, Fowowe M, Onigbinde S, Flores-Rodriguez JA, Bhuiyan MMAA, Mechref Y. Serum N-Glycan Changes in Rats Chronically Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1077. [PMID: 39334844 PMCID: PMC11430009 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in many herbicides, has been widely used in agriculture since the 1970s. Despite initial beliefs in its safety for humans and animals due to the absence of the shikimate pathway, recent studies have raised concerns about its potential health effects. This study aimed to identify glycomic changes indicative of glyphosate-induced toxicity. Specifically, the study focused on profiling N-glycosylation, a protein post-translational modification increasingly recognized for its involvement in various disorders, including neurological conditions. A comprehensive analysis of rat serum N-glycomics following chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results revealed significant changes in the N-glycan profile, particularly in sialylated and sialofucosylated N-glycans. The analysis of N-glycans across gender subgroups provided insights into gender-specific responses to GBH exposure, with the male rats exhibiting a higher susceptibility to these N-glycan changes compared to females. The validation of significantly altered N-glycans using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) confirmed their expression patterns. This study provides novel insights into the impact of chronic GBH exposure on serum N-glycan composition, with implications for assessing glyphosate toxicity and its potential neurological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyinoluwa Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | | | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes CP 20131, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes CP 20131, Mexico
| | - Joy Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Mojibola Fowowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Sherifdeen Onigbinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Jorge A Flores-Rodriguez
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes CP 20131, Mexico
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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6
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DeBono NJ, Moh ESX, Packer NH. Experimentally Determined Diagnostic Ions for Identification of Peptide Glycotopes. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2661-2673. [PMID: 38888225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the structures of glycans present on glycoproteins is an essential component for determining glycoprotein function; however, detailed glycan structural assignment on glycopeptides from proteomics mass spectrometric data remains challenging. Glycoproteomic analysis by mass spectrometry currently can provide significant, yet incomplete, information about the glycans present, including the glycan monosaccharide composition and in some circumstances the site(s) of glycosylation. Advancements in mass spectrometric resolution, using high-mass accuracy instrumentation and tailored MS/MS fragmentation parameters, coupled with a dedicated definition of diagnostic fragmentation ions have enabled the determination of some glycan structural features, or glycotopes, expressed on glycopeptides. Here we present a collation of diagnostic glycan fragments produced by traditional positive-ion-mode reversed-phase LC-ESI MS/MS proteomic workflows and describe the specific fragmentation energy settings required to identify specific glycotopes presented on N- or O-linked glycopeptides in a typical proteomics MS/MS experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J DeBono
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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7
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Zhang J, Terreni M, Liu F, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3-based anticancer vaccines: Reviewing the mechanism and current strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116824. [PMID: 38820973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is one of the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipids. The over-expression of GM3 on tumor cells makes it defined as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). The specific expression property in cancers, especially in melanoma, make it become an important target to develop anticancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, in the manner akin to most TACAs, GM3 is an autoantigen facing with problems of low immunogenicity and easily inducing immunotolerance, which means itself only cannot elicit a powerful enough immune response to prevent or treat cancer. With a comparative understanding of the mechanisms that how immune system responses to the carbohydrate vaccines, this review summarizes the studies on the recent efforts to development GM3-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fang Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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8
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Iemitsu K, Sakai R, Maeda A, Gadomska K, Kogata S, Yasufuku D, Matsui J, Masahata K, Kamiyama M, Eguchi H, Matsumura S, Kakuta Y, Nagashima H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. The hybrid CL-SP-D molecule has the potential to regulate xenogeneic rejection by human neutrophils more efficiently than CD47. Transpl Immunol 2024; 84:102020. [PMID: 38452982 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate immunity plays a vital role in xenotransplantation. A CD47 molecule, binding to the SIRPα expressed on monocyte/macrophage cells, can suppress cytotoxicity. Particularly, the SIRPα contains ITIM, which delivers a negative signal. Our previous study demonstrated that the binding between CL-P1 and surfactant protein-D hybrid (CL-SP-D) with SIRPα regulates macrophages' phagocytic activity. In this study, we examined the effects of human CD47 and CL-SP-D expression on the inhibition of xenograft rejection by neutrophils in swine endothelial cells (SECs). METHODS We first examined SIRPα expression on HL-60 cells, a neutrophil-like cell line, and neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood. CD47-expressing SECs or CL-SP-D-expressing SECs were generated through plasmid transfection. Subsequently, these SECs were co-cultured with HL-60 cells or neutrophils. After co-culture, the degree of cytotoxicity was calculated using the WST-8 assay. The suppressive function of CL-SP-D on neutrophils was subsequently examined, and the results were compared with those of CD47 using naïve SECs as controls. Additionally, we assessed ROS production and neutrophil NETosis. RESULTS In initial experiments, the expression of SIRPα on HL-60 and neutrophils was confirmed. Exposure to CL-SP-D significantly suppressed the cytotoxicity in HL-60 (p = 0.0038) and neutrophils (p = 0.00003). Furthermore, engagement with CD47 showed a suppressive effect on neutrophils obtained from peripheral blood (p = 0.0236) but not on HL-60 (p = 0.4244). The results of the ROS assays also indicated a significant downregulation of SEC by CD47 (p = 0.0077) or CL-SP-D (p = 0.0018). Additionally, the suppression of NETosis was confirmed (p = 0.0125) in neutrophils co-cultured with S/CL-SP-D. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CL-SP-D is highly effective on neutrophils in xenogeneic rejection. Furthermore, CL-SP-D was more effective than CD47 at inhibiting neutrophil-mediated xenograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Iemitsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rieko Sakai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katarzyna Gadomska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kogata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Yasufuku
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Matsui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Masahata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kamiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichi Matsumura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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9
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Jargalsaikhan BE, Muto M, Been Y, Matsumoto S, Okamura E, Takahashi T, Narimichi Y, Kurebayashi Y, Takeuchi H, Shinohara T, Yamamoto R, Ema M. The Dual-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vector with VSV-G and Sendai Virus HN Enhances Infection Efficiency through the Synergistic Effect of the Envelope Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:827. [PMID: 38932120 PMCID: PMC11209056 DOI: 10.3390/v16060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A gene delivery system utilizing lentiviral vectors (LVs) requires high transduction efficiency for successful application in human gene therapy. Pseudotyping allows viral tropism to be expanded, widening the usage of LVs. While vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) single-pseudotyped LVs are commonly used, dual-pseudotyping is less frequently employed because of its increased complexity. In this study, we examined the potential of phenotypically mixed heterologous dual-pseudotyped LVs with VSV-G and Sendai virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (SeV-HN) glycoproteins, termed V/HN-LV. Our findings demonstrated the significantly improved transduction efficiency of V/HN-LV in various cell lines of mice, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans compared with LV pseudotyped with VSV-G alone. Notably, V/HN-LV showed higher transduction efficiency in human cells, including hematopoietic stem cells. The efficient incorporation of wild-type SeV-HN into V/HN-LV depended on VSV-G. SeV-HN removed sialic acid from VSV-G, and the desialylation of VSV-G increased V/HN-LV infectivity. Furthermore, V/HN-LV acquired the ability to recognize sialic acid, particularly N-acetylneuraminic acid on the host cell, enhancing LV infectivity. Overall, VSV-G and SeV-HN synergistically improve LV transduction efficiency and broaden its tropism, indicating their potential use in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Erdene Jargalsaikhan
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (B.-E.J.); (S.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Masanaga Muto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (B.-E.J.); (S.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Youngeun Been
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Shoma Matsumoto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (B.-E.J.); (S.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Eiichi Okamura
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (B.-E.J.); (S.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Yutaka Narimichi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (B.-E.J.); (S.M.); (E.O.)
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
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10
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Rodríguez-Zhurbenko N, Hernández AM. The role of B-1 cells in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363176. [PMID: 38629061 PMCID: PMC11019000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in addition to the well-established role of T cells in controlling or promoting tumor growth, a new wave of research has demonstrated the active involvement of B cells in tumor immunity. B-cell subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions play various roles in tumor progression. Plasma cells and activated B cells have been linked to improved clinical outcomes in several types of cancer, whereas regulatory B cells have been associated with disease progression. However, we are only beginning to understand the role of a particular innate subset of B cells, referred to as B-1 cells, in cancer. Here, we summarize the characteristics of B-1 cells and review their ability to infiltrate tumors. We also describe the potential mechanisms through which B-1 cells suppress anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor progression. Additionally, we highlight recent studies on the protective anti-tumor function of B-1 cells in both mouse models and humans. Understanding the functions of B-1 cells in tumor immunity could pave the way for designing more effective cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nely Rodríguez-Zhurbenko
- Immunobiology Department, Immunology and Immunotherapy Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana M. Hernández
- Applied Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Habana, Cuba
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11
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Yue W, Huiling Z, Yuxin L, Ling W, Feng G, Qicai L. Neu5Gc regulates decidual macrophages leading to abnormal embryo implantation. Genes Immun 2024; 25:149-157. [PMID: 38499667 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is one of the most prominent problems in the field of assisted reproduction. Neu5Gc on the surface of decidual macrophages (dMΦ) leads to different activation patterns of dMΦ, which affects embryo implantation and development. Cmah-/- (Neu5Gc-deficient) mice induced to produce anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in vivo were given a special diet rich in Neu5Gc and their fertility was monitored. The long-term diet rich in Neu5Gc induced the decrease of endometrial receptivity of female mice. The pregnancy rate of female mice fed the normal diet was 63.6% (n = 11) and the average number of embryos was 9.571 ± 1.272, while the pregnancy rate of female mice fed the diet rich in Neu5Gc was 36.4% (n = 11) and the average number of embryos in pregnant mice was 5.750 ± 3.304. The intake of Neu5Gc and the production of anti-Neu5Gc antibody led to M1 polarization of endometrial dMΦ and abnormal embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yue
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Huiling
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liu Yuxin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Gao Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Liu Qicai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China, Fuzhou.
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12
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Liang M, Wu J, Li H, Zhu Q. N-glycolylneuraminic acid in red meat and processed meat is a health concern: A review on the formation, health risk, and reduction. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13314. [PMID: 38389429 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
One of the most consistent epidemiological associations between diet and human disease risk is the impact of consuming red meat and processed meat products. In recent years, the health concerns surrounding red meat and processed meat have gained worldwide attention. The fact that humans have lost the ability to synthesize N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) makes red meat and processed meat products the most important source of exogenous Neu5Gc for humans. As our research of Neu5Gc has increased, it has been discovered that Neu5Gc in red meat and processed meat is a key factor in many major diseases. Given the objective evidence of the harmful risk caused by Neu5Gc in red meat and processed meat to human health, there is a need for heightened attention in the field of food. This updated review has several Neu5Gc aspects given including biosynthetic pathway of Neu5Gc and its accumulation in the human body, the distribution of Neu5Gc in food, the methods for detecting Neu5Gc, and most importantly, a systematic review of the existing methods for reducing the content of Neu5Gc in red meat and processed meat. It also provides some insights into the current status and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Liang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- ChinaLaboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongying Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- ChinaLaboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- ChinaLaboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Aminov R, Aminova L. The role of the glycome in symbiotic host-microbe interactions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1106-1116. [PMID: 37741057 PMCID: PMC10876039 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a crucial role in many aspects of cell biology, including cellular and organismal integrity, structure-and-function of many glycosylated molecules in the cell, signal transduction, development, cancer, and in a number of diseases. Besides, at the inter-organismal level of interaction, a variety of glycosylated molecules are involved in the host-microbiota recognition and initiation of downstream signalling cascades depending on the outcomes of the glycome-mediated ascertainment. The role of glycosylation in host-microbe interactions is better elaborated within the context of virulence and pathogenicity in bacterial infection processes but the symbiotic host-microbe relationships also involve substantive glycome-mediated interactions. The works in the latter field have been reviewed to a much lesser extent, and the main aim of this mini-review is to compensate for this deficiency and summarise the role of glycomics in host-microbe symbiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Aminova
- Midwest Bioprocessing Center, 801 W Main St, Peoria, IL, 61606-1877, United States
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14
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Takeda R, Tabuchi A, Nonaka Y, Kano R, Sudo M, Kano Y, Hoshino D. Cmah deficiency blunts cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improves whole-body glucose metabolism in aged mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:958-964. [PMID: 37968438 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) hydroxylase (Cmah) is an enzyme, which converts Neu5Ac to the sialic acid Neu5Gc. Neu5Gc is thought to increase inflammatory cytokines, which are, in part, produced in senescent cells of adipose tissues. Cellular senescence in adipose tissues induces whole-body aging and impaired glucose metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cmah deficiency would prevent cellular senescence in adipose tissues and impaired glucose metabolism. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Cmah knockout (KO) mice aged 24-25 months were used. Whole-body metabolism was assessed using a metabolic gas analysis system. We measured blood glucose and insulin concentrations after oral glucose administration. The size of the lipid droplets in the liver was quantified. Markers of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes were measured in adipose tissues. RESULTS Cmah KO had significantly increased VO2 and energy expenditure (P < 0.01). Unlike glucose, the insulin concentration after oral glucose administration was significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.001). Lipid droplets in the liver were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05). The markers of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in the adipose tissues were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cmah deficiency blunted cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improved whole-body glucose metabolism. These characteristics in aged Cmah KO mice might be associated with higher energy expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 958-964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Takeda
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tabuchi
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Nonaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Jin Y, Kozan D, Anderson JL, Hensley M, Shen MC, Wen J, Moll T, Kozan H, Rawls JF, Farber SA. A high-cholesterol zebrafish diet promotes hypercholesterolemia and fasting-associated liver triglycerides accumulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565134. [PMID: 37961364 PMCID: PMC10635069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an ideal model organism to study lipid metabolism and to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of human lipid-associated disorders. In this study, we provide an improved protocol to assay the impact of a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) on zebrafish lipid deposition and lipoprotein regulation. Fish fed HCD developed hypercholesterolemia as indicated by significantly elevated ApoB-containing lipoproteins (ApoB-LP) and increased plasma levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Feeding of the HCD to larvae (8 days followed by a 1 day fast) and adult female fish (2 weeks, followed by 3 days of fasting) was also associated with a fatty liver phenotype that presented as severe hepatic steatosis. The HCD feeding paradigm doubled the levels of liver triacylglycerol (TG), which was striking because our HCD was only supplemented with cholesterol. The accumulated liver TG was unlikely due to increased de novo lipogenesis or inhibited β-oxidation since no differentially expressed genes in these pathways were found between the livers of fish fed the HCD versus control diets. However, fasted HCD fish had significantly increased lipogenesis gene fasn in adipose tissue and higher free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma. This suggested that elevated dietary cholesterol resulted in lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which supplied more FFA during fasting, promoting hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, our HCD zebrafish protocol represents an effective and reliable approach for studying the temporal characteristics of the physiological and biochemical responses to high levels of dietary cholesterol and provides insights into the mechanisms that may underlie fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Darby Kozan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica Hensley
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tabea Moll
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hannah Kozan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Anand RP, Layer JV, Heja D, Hirose T, Lassiter G, Firl DJ, Paragas VB, Akkad A, Chhangawala S, Colvin RB, Ernst RJ, Esch N, Getchell K, Griffin AK, Guo X, Hall KC, Hamilton P, Kalekar LA, Kan Y, Karadagi A, Li F, Low SC, Matheson R, Nehring C, Otsuka R, Pandelakis M, Policastro RA, Pols R, Queiroz L, Rosales IA, Serkin WT, Stiede K, Tomosugi T, Xue Y, Zentner GE, Angeles-Albores D, Chris Chao J, Crabtree JN, Harken S, Hinkle N, Lemos T, Li M, Pantano L, Stevens D, Subedar OD, Tan X, Yin S, Anwar IJ, Aufhauser D, Capuano S, Kaufman DB, Knechtle SJ, Kwun J, Shanmuganayagam D, Markmann JF, Church GM, Curtis M, Kawai T, Youd ME, Qin W. Design and testing of a humanized porcine donor for xenotransplantation. Nature 2023; 622:393-401. [PMID: 37821590 PMCID: PMC10567564 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent human decedent model studies1,2 and compassionate xenograft use3 have explored the promise of porcine organs for human transplantation. To proceed to human studies, a clinically ready porcine donor must be engineered and its xenograft successfully tested in nonhuman primates. Here we describe the design, creation and long-term life-supporting function of kidney grafts from a genetically engineered porcine donor transplanted into a cynomolgus monkey model. The porcine donor was engineered to carry 69 genomic edits, eliminating glycan antigens, overexpressing human transgenes and inactivating porcine endogenous retroviruses. In vitro functional analyses showed that the edited kidney endothelial cells modulated inflammation to an extent that was indistinguishable from that of human endothelial cells, suggesting that these edited cells acquired a high level of human immune compatibility. When transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys, the kidneys with three glycan antigen knockouts alone experienced poor graft survival, whereas those with glycan antigen knockouts and human transgene expression demonstrated significantly longer survival time, suggesting the benefit of human transgene expression in vivo. These results show that preclinical studies of renal xenotransplantation could be successfully conducted in nonhuman primates and bring us closer to clinical trials of genetically engineered porcine renal grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Takayuki Hirose
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Lassiter
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Firl
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert B Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad Karadagi
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rudy Matheson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ryo Otsuka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Toshihide Tomosugi
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imran J Anwar
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Aufhauser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dixon B Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Fantini J. Lipid rafts and human diseases: why we need to target gangliosides. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1636-1650. [PMID: 37052878 PMCID: PMC10476576 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are functional components of membrane lipid rafts that control critical functions in cell communication. Many pathologies involve raft gangliosides, which therefore represent an approach of choice for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. Beginning with a discussion of what a disease is (and is not), this review lists the major human pathologies that involve gangliosides, which includes cancer, diabetes, and infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. In most cases, the problem is due to a protein whose binding to gangliosides either creates a pathological condition or impairs a physiological function. Then, I draw up an inventory of the different molecular mechanisms of protein-ganglioside interactions. I propose to classify the ganglioside-binding domains of proteins into four categories, which I name GBD-1, GBD-2, GBD-3, and GBD-4. This structural and functional classification could help to rationalize the design of innovative molecules capable of disrupting the binding of selected proteins to gangliosides without generating undesirable effects. The biochemical specificities of gangliosides expressed in the human brain must also be taken into account to improve the reliability of animal models (or any animal-free alternative) of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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18
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Kim YG, Yun JH, Park JW, Seong D, Lee SH, Park KD, Lee HA, Park M. Effect of Xenogeneic Substances on the Glycan Profiles and Electrophysiological Properties of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:281-292. [PMID: 37105557 PMCID: PMC10465332 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) hold great promise as a cellular source of CM for cardiac function restoration in ischemic heart disease. However, the use of animal-derived xenogeneic substances during the biomanufacturing of hiPSC-CM can induce inadvertent immune responses or chronic inflammation, followed by tumorigenicity. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of xenogeneic substances on the functional properties and potential immunogenicity of hiPSC-CM during differentiation, demonstrating the quality and safety of hiPSC-based cell therapy. Methods and Results We successfully generated hiPSC-CM in the presence and absence of xenogeneic substances (xeno-containing (XC) and xeno-free (XF) conditions, respectively), and compared their characteristics, including the contractile functions and glycan profiles. Compared to XC-hiPSC-CM, XF-hiPSC-CM showed early onset of myocyte contractile beating and maturation, with a high expression of cardiac lineage-specific genes (ACTC1, TNNT2, and RYR2) by using MEA and RT-qPCR. We quantified N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a xenogeneic sialic acid, in hiPSC-CM using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring- mass spectrometry. Neu5Gc was incorporated into the glycans of hiPSC-CM during xeno-containing differentiation, whereas it was barely detected in XF-hiPSC-CM. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the electrophysiological function and glycan profiles of hiPSC-CM can be affected by the presence of xenogeneic substances during their differentiation and maturation. To ensure quality control and safety in hiPSC-based cell therapy, xenogeneic substances should be excluded from the biomanufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guk Kim
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yun
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dabin Seong
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-hae Lee
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Dae Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Misun Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
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Akimoto S, Tahara H, Yanagawa S, Ide K, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H. Heterophile carbohydrate antigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a potential biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1831. [PMID: 37265054 PMCID: PMC10432449 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate even after radical hepatectomy. More optimal biomarkers may help improve recurrence and prognosis. METHODS We investigated whether the oncological properties of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) can participate in the prognosis of HCC. We evaluated the NeuGc antigen (Ag) expression in the HCC tissues and measured the preoperative anti-NeuGc IgG antibodies (Abs) in the sera of the patients with HCC. We compared the clinical characteristics and survival rate in the hepatectomized patients (initial; n = 66, recurrent; n = 34) with and without the NeuGc Ag or Abs. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed positive expression of NeuGc Ag in HCC tissues (Odds ratio; initial = 6.3, recurrent = 14.0) and higher titers of preoperative anti-NeuGc Ab (Odds ratio; initial = 4.9; recurrent = 3.8), which could be the predictive factors related to early recurrence. Both the NeuGc Ag-positive and Ab-positive groups in the initial hepatectomized patients exhibited significantly shorter recurrent free survival compared to those in the negative groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that anti-NeuGc Ab titers and NeuGc Ag expression in the HCC tissues can be used as the predictive factors for the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Senichiro Yanagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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20
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Vaill M, Kawanishi K, Varki N, Gagneux P, Varki A. Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2171-2229. [PMID: 36603157 PMCID: PMC10151058 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called "great apes"), aiming to identify distinctly human features in health and disease, with the overall goal of explaining human origins. We begin with a historical perspective, briefly describing how the field progressed from the earliest evolutionary insights to the current emphasis on in-depth molecular and genomic investigations of "human-specific" biology and an increased appreciation for cultural impacts on human biology. While many such genetic differences between humans and other hominids have been revealed over the last two decades, this information remains insufficient to explain the most distinctive phenotypic traits distinguishing humans from other living hominids. Here we undertake a complementary approach of "comparative physiological anthropogeny," along the lines of the preclinical medical curriculum, i.e., beginning with anatomy and considering each physiological system and in each case considering genetic and molecular components that are relevant. What is ultimately needed is a systematic comparative approach at all levels from molecular to physiological to sociocultural, building networks of related information, drawing inferences, and generating testable hypotheses. The concluding section will touch on distinctive considerations in the study of human evolution, including the importance of gene-culture interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nissi Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajit Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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21
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Wang J, Shewell LK, Day CJ, Jennings MP. N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a carbohydrate cancer biomarker. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101643. [PMID: 36805917 PMCID: PMC9971276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the forms of aberrant glycosylation in human tumors is the expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The only known enzyme to biosynthesize Neu5Gc in mammals, cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMAH), appears to be genetically inactivated in humans. Regardless, low levels of Neu5Gc have been detected in healthy humans. Therefore, it is proposed that the presence of Neu5Gc in humans is from dietary acquisition, such as red meat. Notably, detection of elevated Neu5Gc levels has been repeatedly found in cancer tissues, cells and serum samples, thereby Neu5Gc-containing antigens may be exploited as a class of cancer biomarkers. Here we review the findings to date on using Neu5Gc-containing tumor glycoconjugates as a class of cancer biomarkers for cancer detection, surveillance, prognosis and therapeutic targets. We review the evidence that supports an emerging hypothesis of de novo Neu5Gc biosynthesis in human cancer cells as a source of Neu5Gc in human tumors, generated under certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lucy K Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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22
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Christmas MJ, Kaplow IM, Genereux DP, Dong MX, Hughes GM, Li X, Sullivan PF, Hindle AG, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Breit AM, Diekhans M, Fanter C, Foley NM, Goodman DB, Goodman L, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Kowalczyk A, Lawless C, Lind AL, Meadows JRS, Moreira LR, Redlich RW, Ryan L, Swofford R, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Brown AR, Damas J, Fan K, Gatesy J, Grimshaw J, Johnson J, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Marinescu VD, Morrill KM, Osmanski A, Paulat NS, Phan BN, Reilly SK, Schäffer DE, Steiner C, Supple MA, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Birren BW, Gazal S, Hubley RM, Koepfli KP, Marques-Bonet T, Meyer WK, Nweeia M, Sabeti PC, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer MS, Teeling EC, Weng Z, Hiller M, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Paten B, Pollard KS, Ray DA, Ruf I, Ryder OA, Pfenning AR, Lindblad-Toh K, Karlsson EK. Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals. Science 2023; 380:eabn3943. [PMID: 37104599 PMCID: PMC10250106 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth's vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Christmas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene M. Kaplow
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Michael X. Dong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Xue Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allyson G. Hindle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Gregory Andrews
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joel C. Armstrong
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana M. Breit
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Cornelia Fanter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nicole M. Foley
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel B. Goodman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Kathleen C. Keough
- Fauna Bio, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bogdan Kirilenko
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amanda Kowalczyk
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Colleen Lawless
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Abigail L. Lind
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer R. S. Meadows
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucas R. Moreira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ruby W. Redlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Louise Ryan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alejandro Valenzuela
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Wagner
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ola Wallerman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashley R. Brown
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joana Damas
- The Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Jenna Grimshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergey V. Kozyrev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alyssa J. Lawler
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Voichita D. Marinescu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M. Morrill
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Austin Osmanski
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole S. Paulat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - BaDoi N. Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven K. Reilly
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel E. Schäffer
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cynthia Steiner
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Megan A. Supple
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aryn P. Wilder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Morgan E. Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R. Xue
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Bruce W. Birren
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Koepfli
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wynn K. Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Martin Nweeia
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2R1, Canada
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20002, USA
- Narwhal Genome Initiative, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Mark S. Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael Hiller
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Harris A. Lewin
- The Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedict Paten
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A. Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Irina Ruf
- Division of Messel Research and Mammalogy, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver A. Ryder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
- Department of Evolution, Behavior and Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Andreas R. Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elinor K. Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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23
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Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration. However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides. Numerous reviews have concentrated on the physiological function of Sia as a cellular component of the body and its relationship with the occurrence of diseases. However, the consumption of Sias through dietary sources exerts significant influence on human health, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota's composition and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, and biological function of particular Sia-rich diets, including human milk, bovine milk, red meat, and egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Chien YAA, Alford BK, Wasik BR, Weichert WS, Parrish CR, Daniel S. Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion. J Virol 2023; 97:e0146322. [PMID: 36779754 PMCID: PMC10062150 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01463-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry of influenza A viruses (IAVs) into host cells is initiated by binding to sialic acids (Sias), their primary host cell receptor, followed by endocytosis and membrane fusion to release the viral genome into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Host tropism is affected by these entry processes, with a primary factor being receptor specificity. Sias exist in several different chemical forms, including the hydroxylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is found in many hosts; however, it has not been clear how modified Sias affect viral binding and entry. Neu5Gc is commonly found in many natural influenza hosts, including pigs and horses, but not in humans or ferrets. Here, we engineered HEK293 cells to express the hydoxylase gene (CMAH) that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc, or knocked out the Sia-CMP transport gene (SLC35A1), resulting in cells that express 95% Neu5Gc or minimal level of Sias, respectively. H3N2 (X-31) showed significantly reduced infectivity in Neu5Gc-rich cells compared to wild-type HEK293 (>95% Neu5Ac). To determine the effects on binding and fusion, we generated supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) derived from the plasma membranes of these cells and carried out single particle microscopy. H3N2 (X-31) exhibited decreased binding to Neu5Gc-containing SLBs, but no significant difference in H3N2 (X-31)'s fusion kinetics to either SLB type, suggesting that reduced receptor binding does not affect subsequent membrane fusion. This finding suggests that for this virus to adapt to host cells rich in Neu5Gc, only receptor affinity changes are required without further adaptation of virus fusion machinery. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) infections continue to threaten human health, causing over 300,000 deaths yearly. IAV infection is initiated by the binding of influenza glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) to host cell sialic acids (Sias) and the subsequent viral-host membrane fusion. Generally, human IAVs preferentially bind to the Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Yet, other mammalian hosts, including pigs, express diverse nonhuman Sias, including N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The role of Neu5Gc in human IAV infections in those hosts is not well-understood, and the variant form may play a role in incidents of cross-species transmission and emergence of new epidemic variants. Therefore, it is important to investigate how human IAVs interact with Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Here, we use membrane platforms that mimic the host cell surface to examine receptor binding and membrane fusion events of human IAV H3N2. Our findings improve the understanding of viral entry mechanisms that can affect host tropism and virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Annie Chien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K. Alford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S. Weichert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Susan Daniel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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25
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McDowell CT, Lu X, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Applications and continued evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:674-705. [PMID: 34392557 PMCID: PMC8946722 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N-linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N-glycans have well-defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non-template driven biosynthesis of these N-glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in-situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N-glycosylation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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26
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Rousse J, Royer PJ, Evanno G, Lheriteau E, Ciron C, Salama A, Shneiker F, Duchi R, Perota A, Galli C, Cozzi E, Blancho G, Duvaux O, Brouard S, Soulillou JP, Bach JM, Vanhove B. LIS1, a glyco-humanized swine polyclonal anti-lymphocyte globulin, as a novel induction treatment in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137629. [PMID: 36875084 PMCID: PMC9978386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-thymocyte or anti-lymphocyte globulins (ATGs/ALGs) are immunosuppressive drugs used in induction therapies to prevent acute rejection in solid organ transplantation. Because animal-derived, ATGs/ALGs contain highly immunogenic carbohydrate xenoantigens eliciting antibodies that are associated with subclinical inflammatory events, possibly impacting long-term graft survival. Their strong and long-lasting lymphodepleting activity also increases the risk for infections. We investigated here the in vitro and in vivo activity of LIS1, a glyco-humanized ALG (GH-ALG) produced in pigs knocked out for the two major xeno-antigens αGal and Neu5Gc. It differs from other ATGs/ALGs by its mechanism of action excluding antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and being restricted to complement-mediated cytotoxicity, phagocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, apoptosis and antigen masking, resulting in profound inhibition of T-cell alloreactivity in mixed leucocyte reactions. Preclinical evaluation in non-human primates showed that GH-ALG dramatically reduced CD4+ (p=0.0005,***), CD8+ effector T cells (p=0.0002,***) or myeloid cells (p=0.0007,***) but not T-reg (p=0.65, ns) or B cells (p=0.65, ns). Compared with rabbit ATG, GH-ALG induced transient depletion (less than one week) of target T cells in the peripheral blood (<100 lymphocytes/L) but was equivalent in preventing allograft rejection in a skin allograft model. The novel therapeutic modality of GH-ALG might present advantages in induction treatment during organ transplantation by shortening the T-cell depletion period while maintaining adequate immunosuppression and reducing immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carine Ciron
- Research and Development, Xenothera, Nantes, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Roberto Duchi
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Cozzi
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Odile Duvaux
- Research and Development, Xenothera, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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27
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Dystrophin ( DMD) Missense Variant in Cats with Becker-Type Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043192. [PMID: 36834603 PMCID: PMC9964367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy due to dystrophin deficiency in humans is phenotypically divided into a severe Duchenne and milder Becker type. Dystrophin deficiency has also been described in a few animal species, and few DMD gene variants have been identified in animals. Here, we characterize the clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic aspects of a family of Maine Coon crossbred cats with clinically mild and slowly progressive muscular dystrophy. Two young adult male littermate cats exhibited abnormal gait and muscular hypertrophy with macroglossia. Serum creatine kinase activities were highly increased. Histopathologically, dystrophic skeletal muscle exhibited marked structural changes including atrophic, hypertrophic, and necrotic muscle fibers. Immunohistochemistry showed irregularly reduced expression of dystrophin but the staining of other muscle proteins such as β- and γ-sarcoglycans as well as desmin was also diminished. Whole genome sequencing of one affected cat and genotyping of the littermate found both to be hemizygous mutant at a single DMD missense variant (c.4186C>T). No other protein-changing variants in candidate genes for muscular dystrophy were detected. In addition, one clinically healthy male littermate was hemizygous wildtype, while the queen and one female littermate were clinically healthy, but heterozygous. The predicted amino acid exchange (p.His1396Tyr) resides in a conserved central rod spectrin domain of dystrophin. Various protein modeling programs did not predict major disruption of the dystrophin protein by this substitution, but the altered charge of the region may still affect protein function. This study represents the first genotype-to-phenotype correlation of Becker-type dystrophin deficiency in companion animals.
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Galili U. Paleo-immunology of human anti-carbohydrate antibodies preventing primate extinctions. Immunology 2023; 168:18-29. [PMID: 36161654 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two human natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies appeared in critical evolutionary events that brought primates and hominins to brink of extinction. The first is the anti-Gal antibody, produced in Old-World monkeys (OWM), apes and humans. It binds the carbohydrate-antigen 'α-gal epitope' (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) on carbohydrate-chains (glycans) synthesized by non-primate mammals, lemurs and New-World monkeys (NWM). The second is anti-N-glycolylneuraminic-acid (anti-Neu5Gc) antibody binding Neu5Gc on glycans synthesized by OWM, apes and most non-primate mammals. Ancestral OWM and apes synthesized α-gal epitopes and were eliminated ~20-30 million-years-ago (mya). Only few accidentally mutated offspring lacking α-gal epitopes, produced anti-Gal and survived. Hominin-populations living ~3 mya synthesized Neu5Gc and were eliminated, but few mutated offspring that accidently lost their ability to synthesize Neu5Gc, produced natural anti-Neu5Gc antibody. These hominins survived and ultimately evolved into present-day humans. It is argued that these two near-extinction events were likely to be the result of epidemics caused by highly virulent and lethal enveloped viruses that killed parental-populations. These viruses presented α-gal epitopes or Neu5Gc synthesized in host-cells of the parental-populations. Mutated offspring survived the epidemics because they were protected from the lethal virus by the natural anti-Gal or anti-Neu5Gc antibodies they produced due to loss of immune-tolerance to α-gal epitopes or to Neu5Gc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Liu G, Hao M, Zeng B, Liu M, Wang J, Sun S, Liu C, Huilian C. Sialic acid and food allergies: The link between nutrition and immunology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3880-3906. [PMID: 36369942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies (FA), a major public health problem recognized by the World Health Organization, affect an estimated 3%-10% of adults and 8% of children worldwide. However, effective treatments for FA are still lacking. Recent advances in glycoimmunology have demonstrated the great potential of sialic acids (SAs) in the treatment of FA. SAs are a group of nine-carbon α-ketoacids usually linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids as terminal glycans. They play an essential role in modulating immune responses and may be an effective target for FA intervention. As exogenous food components, sialylated polysaccharides have anti-FA effects. In contrast, as endogenous components, SAs on immunoglobulin E and immune cell surfaces contribute to the pathogenesis of FA. Given the lack of comprehensive information on the effects of SAs on FA, we reviewed the roles of endogenous and exogenous SAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of FA. In addition, we considered the structure-function relationship of SAs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of SA-based FA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California, United States of America
| | - Che Huilian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Sykes M, Sachs DH. Progress in xenotransplantation: overcoming immune barriers. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:745-761. [PMID: 36198911 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation of organ allotransplantation is the insufficient supply of donor organs. Consequently, thousands of patients die every year while waiting for a transplant. Progress in xenotransplantation that has permitted pig organ graft survivals of years in non-human primates has led to renewed excitement about the potential of this approach to alleviate the organ shortage. In 2022, the first pig-to-human heart transplant was performed on a compassionate use basis, and xenotransplantation experiments using pig kidneys in deceased human recipients provided encouraging data. Many advances in xenotransplantation have resulted from improvements in the ability to genetically modify pigs using CRISPR-Cas9 and other methodologies. Gene editing has the capacity to generate pig organs that more closely resemble those of humans and are hence more physiologically compatible and less prone to rejection. Despite such modifications, immune responses to xenografts remain powerful and multi-faceted, involving innate immune components that do not attack allografts. Thus, the induction of innate and adaptive immune tolerance to prevent rejection while preserving the capacity of the immune system to protect the recipient and the graft from infection is desirable to enable clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David H Sachs
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang D, Madunić K, Zhang T, Mayboroda OA, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. High Diversity of Glycosphingolipid Glycans of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Reflects the Cellular Differentiation Phenotype. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100239. [PMID: 35489554 PMCID: PMC9157004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC)–associated changes of protein glycosylation have been widely studied. In contrast, the expression of glycosphingolipid (GSL) patterns in CRC has, hitherto, remained largely unexplored. Even though GSLs are major carriers of cell surface carbohydrates, they are understudied due to their complexity and analytical challenges. In this study, we provide an in-depth analysis of GSL glycans of 22 CRC cell lines using porous graphitized carbon nano–liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. Our data revealed that the GSL expression varies among different cell line classifications, with undifferentiated cell lines showing high expression of blood group A, B, and H antigens while for colon-like cell lines the most prominent GSL glycans contained (sialyl)-LewisA/X and LewisB/Y antigens. Moreover, the GSL expression correlated with relevant glycosyltransferases that are involved in their biosynthesis as well as with transcription factors (TFs) implicated in colon differentiation. Additionally, correlations between certain glycosyltransferases and TFs at mRNA expression level were found, such as FUT3, which correlated with CDX1, ETS2, HNF1A, HNF4A, MECOM, and MYB. These TFs are upregulated in colon-like cell lines pointing to their potential role in regulating fucosylation during colon differentiation. In conclusion, our study reveals novel layers of potential GSL glycans regulation relevant for future research in colon differentiation and CRC. Undifferentiated cell lines showed high expression of blood group A, B, and H antigens. Colon-like cell lines are high in GSLs carrying (sialyl)-LewisA/X and LewisB/Y antigens. (Sialyl)-LewisA/X and LewisB/Y antigens associated with expression of FUT3 and CDX1. I-branching was elevated in undifferentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Naito-Matsui Y. Physiological Significance of Animal- and Tissue-specific Sialic Acid Composition. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2036.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Naito-Matsui Y. Physiological Significance of Animal- and Tissue-specific Sialic Acid Composition. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2036.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Miyagawa S, Maeda A, Toyama C, Kogata S, Okamatsu C, Yamamoto R, Masahata K, Kamiyama M, Eguchi H, Watanabe M, Nagashima H, Ikawa M, Matsunami K, Okuyama H. Aspects of the Complement System in New Era of Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860165. [PMID: 35493484 PMCID: PMC9046582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
After producing triple (Gal, H-D and Sda)-KO pigs, hyperacute rejection appeared to no longer be a problem. However, the origin of xeno-rejection continues to be a controversial topic, including small amounts of antibodies and subsequent activation of the graft endothelium, the complement recognition system and the coagulation systems. The complement is activated via the classical pathway by non-Gal/H-D/Sda antigens and by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), via the alternative pathway, especially on islets, and via the lectin pathway. The complement system therefore is still an important recognition and effector mechanism in xeno-rejection. All complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) regulate complement activation in different manners. Therefore, to effectively protect xenografts against xeno-rejection, it would appear reasonable to employ not only one but several CRPs including anti-complement drugs. The further assessment of antigens continues to be an important issue in the area of clinical xenotransplantation. The above conclusions suggest that the expression of sufficient levels of human CRPs on Triple-KO grafts is necessary. Moreover, multilateral inhibition on local complement activation in the graft, together with the control of signals between macrophages and lymphocytes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shuji Miyagawa,
| | - Akira Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiyoshi Toyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kogata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chizu Okamatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riho Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Masahata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kamiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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35
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Cheng L, Yang F, Tang L, Qian L, Chen X, Guan F, Zhang J, Li G. Electrochemical Evaluation of Tumor Development via Cellular Interface Supported CRISPR/Cas Trans-Cleavage. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9826484. [PMID: 35474904 PMCID: PMC9011167 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9826484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating tumor development is of great importance for clinic treatment and therapy. It has been known that the amounts of sialic acids on tumor cell membrane surface are closely associated with the degree of cancerization of the cell. So, in this work, cellular interface supported CRISPR/Cas trans-cleavage has been explored for electrochemical simultaneous detection of two types of sialic acids, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Specifically, PbS quantum dot-labeled DNA modified by Neu5Gc antibody is prepared to specifically recognize Neu5Gc on the cell surface, followed by the binding of Neu5Ac through our fabricated CdS quantum dot-labeled DNA modified by Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Subsequently, the activated Cas12a indiscriminately cleaves DNA, resulting in the release of PbS and CdS quantum dots, both of which can be simultaneously detected by anodic stripping voltammetry. Consequently, Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac on cell surface can be quantitatively analyzed with the lowest detection limits of 1.12 cells/mL and 1.25 cells/mL, respectively. Therefore, a ratiometric electrochemical method can be constructed for kinetic study of the expression and hydrolysis of Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac on cell surface, which can be further used as a tool to identify bladder cancer cells at different development stages. Our method to evaluate tumor development is simple and easy to be operated, so it can be potentially applied for the detection of tumor occurrence and development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfen Cheng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Longfei Tang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lelin Qian
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Feng Guan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Genxi Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Enterina JR, Sarkar S, Streith L, Jung J, Arlian BM, Meyer SJ, Takematsu H, Xiao C, Baldwin TA, Nitschke L, Shlomchick MJ, Paulson JC, Macauley MS. Coordinated changes in glycosylation regulate the germinal center through CD22. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110512. [PMID: 35294874 PMCID: PMC9018098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for antibody affinity maturation. GC B cells have a unique repertoire of cell surface glycans compared with naive B cells, yet functional roles for changes in glycosylation in the GC have yet to be ascribed. Detection of GCs by the antibody GL7 reflects a downregulation in ligands for CD22, an inhibitory co-receptor of the B cell receptor. To test a functional role for downregulation of CD22 ligands in the GC, we generate a mouse model that maintains CD22 ligands on GC B cells. With this model, we demonstrate that glycan remodeling plays a critical role in the maintenance of B cells in the GC. Sustained expression of CD22 ligands induces higher levels of apoptosis in GC B cells, reduces memory B cell and plasma cell output, and delays affinity maturation of antibodies. These defects are CD22 dependent, demonstrating that downregulation of CD22 ligands on B cells plays a critical function in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Laura Streith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark J Shlomchick
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Jennings MP, Day CJ, Atack JM. How bacteria utilize sialic acid during interactions with the host: snip, snatch, dispatch, match and attach. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001157. [PMID: 35316172 PMCID: PMC9558349 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), commonly referred to as sialic acids, are two of the most common glycans found in mammals. Humans carry a mutation in the enzyme that converts Neu5Ac into Neu5Gc, and as such, expression of Neu5Ac can be thought of as a 'human specific' trait. Bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a carbon and energy source and have evolved multiple ways to take up sialic acids. In order to generate free sialic acid, many bacteria produce sialidases that cleave sialic acid residues from complex glycan structures. In addition, sialidases allow escape from innate immune mechanisms, and can synergize with other virulence factors such as toxins. Human-adapted pathogens have evolved a preference for Neu5Ac, with many bacterial adhesins, and major classes of toxin, specifically recognizing Neu5Ac containing glycans as receptors. The preference of human-adapted pathogens for Neu5Ac also occurs during biosynthesis of surface structures such as lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and polysaccharide capsules, subverting the human host immune system by mimicking the host. This review aims to provide an update on the advances made in understanding the role of sialic acid in bacteria-host interactions made in the last 5-10 years, and put these findings into context by highlighting key historical discoveries. We provide a particular focus on 'molecular mimicry' and incorporation of sialic acid onto the bacterial outer-surface, and the role of sialic acid as a receptor for bacterial adhesins and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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38
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Wang D, Zhang T, Madunić K, de Waard AA, Blöchl C, Mayboroda OA, Griffioen M, Spaapen RM, Huber CG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Glycosphingolipid-Glycan Signatures of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Reflect Hematopoietic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1029-1040. [PMID: 35168327 PMCID: PMC8981326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of certain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is associated with the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the expression patterns of GSLs in AML are still poorly explored because of their complexity, the presence of multiple isomeric structures, and tedious analytical procedures. In this study, we performed an in-depth GSL glycan analysis of 19 AML cell lines using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealing strikingly different GSL glycan profiles between the various AML cell lines. The cell lines of the M6 subtype showed a high expression of gangliosides with α2,3-sialylation and Neu5Gc, while the M2 and M5 subtypes were characterized by high expression of (neo)lacto-series glycans and Lewis A/X antigens. Integrated analysis of glycomics and available transcriptomics data revealed the association of GSL glycan abundances with the transcriptomics expression of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) and transcription factors (TFs). In addition, correlations were found between specific GTs and TFs. Our data reveal TFs GATA2, GATA1, and RUNX1 as candidate inducers of the expression of gangliosides and sialylation via regulation of the GTs ST3GAL2 and ST8SIA1. In conclusion, we show that GSL glycan expression levels are associated with hematopoietic AML classifications and TF and GT gene expression. Further research is needed to dissect the regulation of GSL expression and its role in hematopoiesis and associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Berois N, Pittini A, Osinaga E. Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030645. [PMID: 35158915 PMCID: PMC8833780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many cancers, and it plays crucial roles in tumor development and biology. Cancer progression can be regulated by several physiopathological processes controlled by glycosylation, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are suitable for selective cancer targeting, as well as novel antitumor immunotherapy approaches. This review summarizes the strategies developed in cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms and state-of-the-art methods in clinical oncology. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alvaro Pittini
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
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40
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Azzaz F, Yahi N, Di Scala C, Chahinian H, Fantini J. Ganglioside binding domains in proteins: Physiological and pathological mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 128:289-324. [PMID: 35034721 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are anionic lipids that form condensed membrane clusters (lipid rafts) and exert major regulatory functions on a wide range of proteins. In this review, we propose a new view of the structural features of gangliosides with special emphasis on emerging properties associated with protein binding modes. We analyze the different possibilities of molecular associations of gangliosides in lipid rafts and the role of cholesterol in this organization. We are particularly interested in amide groups of N-acetylated sugars which make it possible to neutralize the negative charge of the carboxylate group of sialic acids. We refer to this effect as "NH trick" and we demonstrate that it is operative in GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b gangliosides. The NH trick is key to understand the different topologies adopted by gangliosides (chalice-like at the edge of lipid rafts, condensed clusters in central areas) and their impact on protein binding. We define three major types of ganglioside-binding domains (GBDs): α-helical, loop shaped, and large flat surface. We describe the mode of interaction of each GBD with typical reference proteins: synaptotagmin, 5HT1A receptor, cholera and botulinum toxins, HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp120, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, cellular prion protein, Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide and Parkinson's disease associated α-synuclein. We discuss the common mechanisms and peculiarities of protein binding to gangliosides in the light of physiological and pathological conditions. We anticipate that innovative ganglioside-based therapies will soon show an exponential growth for the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fodil Azzaz
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Di Scala
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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41
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Lopez-Gordo E, Orlowski A, Wang A, Weinberg A, Sahoo S, Weber T. Hydroxylation of N-acetylneuraminic Acid Influences the in vivo Tropism of N-linked Sialic Acid-Binding Adeno-Associated Viruses AAV1, AAV5, and AAV6. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:732095. [PMID: 35036407 PMCID: PMC8757481 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are promising candidates for gene therapy. However, a number of recent preclinical large animal studies failed to translate into the clinic. This illustrates the formidable challenge of choosing the animal models that promise the best chance of a successful translation into the clinic. Several of the most common AAV serotypes use sialic acid (SIA) as their primary receptor. However, in contrast to most mammals, humans lack the enzyme CMAH, which hydroxylates cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) into cytidine monophosphate-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Gc). As a result, human glycans only contain Neu5Ac and not Neu5Gc. Here, we investigate the tropism of AAV1, 5, 6 and 9 in wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) and CMAH knock-out (CMAH−/−) mice. All N-linked SIA-binding serotypes (AAV1, 5 and 6) showed significantly lower transduction of the heart in CMAH−/− when compared to WT mice (5–5.8-fold) and, strikingly, skeletal muscle transduction by AAV5 was almost 30-fold higher in CMAH−/− compared to WT mice. Importantly, the AAV tropism or distribution of expression among different organs was also affected. For AAV1, AAV5 and AAV6, expression in the heart compared to the liver was 4.6–8-fold higher in WT than in CMAH−/− mice, and for AAV5 the expression in the heart compared to the skeletal muscle was 57.3-fold higher in WT than in CMAH−/− mice. These data thus strongly suggest that the relative abundance of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc plays a role in AAV tropism, and that results obtained in commonly used animal models might not translate into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Orlowski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Arthur Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Alan Weinberg
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas Weber
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42
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Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Abraha F, Johannesen H, Oscarson S, Moreno E, Krengel U. Key role of a structural water molecule for the specificity of 14F7-An antitumor antibody targeting the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1500-1509. [PMID: 34735569 PMCID: PMC8684480 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated glycolipids such as NeuGc GM3 are auspicious molecular targets in antineoplastic therapies and vaccine strategies. 14F7 is a monoclonal IgG1 with high clinical potential in cancer immunotherapy as it displays extraordinary specificity for NeuGc GM3, while it does not recognize the very similar, ubiquitous NeuAc GM3. Here we present the 2.3 Å crystal structure of the 14F7 antigen-binding domain (14F7 scFv) in complex with the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. Modeling analysis and previous mutagenesis data suggest that 14F7 may also bind to an alternative NeuGc GM3 conformation, not observed in the crystal structure. The most intriguing finding, however, was that a water molecule centrally placed in the complementarity-determining region directly mediates the specificity of 14F7 to NeuGc GM3. This has profound impact on the complexity of engineering in the binding site and provides an excellent example of the importance in understanding the water structure in antibody-antigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fana Abraha
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Recipharm OT Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedda Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ernesto Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050026, Colombia
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
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43
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van Houtum EJH, Büll C, Cornelissen LAM, Adema GJ. Siglec Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790317. [PMID: 34966391 PMCID: PMC8710542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of receptors that recognize sialoglycans - sialic acid containing glycans that are abundantly present on cell membranes. Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and can modulate their activity and function. The majority of Siglecs contains immune inhibitory motifs comparable to the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), signaling through the Siglec-sialoglycan axis appears to be enhanced through multiple mechanisms favoring tumor immune evasion similar to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Siglec expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells appears increased in the immune suppressive microenvironment. At the same time, enhanced Siglec ligand expression has been reported for several tumor types as a result of aberrant glycosylation, glycan modifications, and the increased expression of sialoglycans on proteins and lipids. Siglec signaling has been identified as important regulator of anti-tumor immunity in the TME, but the key factors contributing to Siglec activation by tumor-associated sialoglycans are diverse and poorly defined. Among others, Siglec activation and signaling are co-determined by their expression levels, cell surface distribution, and their binding preferences for cis- and trans-ligands in the TME. Siglec binding preference are co-determined by the nature of the proteins/lipids to which the sialoglycans are attached and the multivalency of the interaction. Here, we review the current understanding and emerging conditions and factors involved in Siglec signaling in the TME and identify current knowledge gaps that exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J. H. van Houtum
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenneke A. M. Cornelissen
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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44
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Zhang J, Koyama T, Matsushita T, Hatano K, Matsuoka K. Preparation of lauryl thioglycoside of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as a useful glycosyl donor for assembly of an oligosaccharide containing Neu5Gc. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Uno Y, Yaguchi M, Kobayashi T, Onozawa E, Ochiai K, Yoshida K, Nakamura C, Udagawa C, Omi T. Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization for Incompatible Cross-Match Cases in the Feline AB Blood Group System. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:720445. [PMID: 34589535 PMCID: PMC8473794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.720445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The feline AB blood group system (blood types A, B, and AB) encoding the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene is the most significant in transfusion medicine and hemolysis of the newborn for cats. Blood typing and cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing are crucial to determining blood compatibility and thus prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions. We here performed serological and genetic investigations to characterize blood samples from cats with discordant results for card agglutination (CARD) and the alloantibody agglutination test for blood typing in two cats (subjects K and R). Subject K showed incompatible cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing. Red blood cells from subjects K and R determined blood type B from the CARD method showed blood type AB by alloanti-A and alloanti-B antibodies in agglutination testing. Genomic DNA sequencing of the coding region (exons 1a to 14) for the cat CMAH gene showed that subject K had four mutations with heterozygosity at c.139C>T, c.179G>T, c.327A>C, and c.364C>T. Similarly, the CMAH gene of subject R carried six mutations with heterozygosity at c.142G>A, c.187A>G, c.268T>A, c.327A>C, c.773G>A and c.1603G>A, representing a new diplotype including a novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 7 (c.773 G>A: Arg258Gln). The CMAH diplotype in subjects K and R was different from major diplotype in blood type B cats. This study is the first to report CMAH variants in cats with discordant blood types between CARD and TUBE methods. These results could assist in the classification of feline AB blood types for transfusion medicine to avoid blood incompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Uno
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yaguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eri Onozawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Yoshida
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Udagawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Omi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Byrd-Leotis L, Lasanajak Y, Bowen T, Baker K, Song X, Suthar MS, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses bind to phosphorylated glycans from the human lung. Virology 2021; 562:142-148. [PMID: 34325286 PMCID: PMC8299723 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and potentially SARS-CoV-2 emerged as novel human coronaviruses following cross-species transmission from animal hosts. Although the receptor binding characteristics of human coronaviruses are well documented, the role of carbohydrate binding in addition to recognition of proteinaceous receptors has not been fully explored. Using natural glycan microarray technology, we identified N-glycans in the human lung that are recognized by various human and animal coronaviruses. All viruses tested, including SARS-CoV-2, bound strongly to a range of phosphorylated, high mannose N-glycans and to a very specific set of sialylated structures. Examination of two linked strains, human CoV OC43 and bovine CoV Mebus, reveals shared binding to the sialic acid form Neu5Gc (not found in humans), supporting the evidence for cross-species transmission of the bovine strain. Our findings, revealing robust recognition of lung glycans, suggest that these receptors could play a role in the initial stages of coronavirus attachment and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kelly Baker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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47
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Sun M, Wang Y, Zheng C, Wei Y, Hou J, Zhang P, He W, Lv X, Ding Y, Liang H, Hon CC, Chen X, Xu H, Chen Y. Systematic functional interrogation of human pseudogenes using CRISPRi. Genome Biol 2021; 22:240. [PMID: 34425866 PMCID: PMC8381491 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human genome encodes over 14,000 pseudogenes that are evolutionary relics of protein-coding genes and commonly considered as nonfunctional. Emerging evidence suggests that some pseudogenes may exert important functions. However, to what extent human pseudogenes are functionally relevant remains unclear. There has been no large-scale characterization of pseudogene function because of technical challenges, including high sequence similarity between pseudogene and parent genes, and poor annotation of transcription start sites. RESULTS To overcome these technical obstacles, we develop an integrated computational pipeline to design the first genome-wide library of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target human pseudogene promoter-proximal regions. We perform the first pseudogene-focused CRISPRi screen in luminal A breast cancer cells and reveal approximately 70 pseudogenes that affect breast cancer cell fitness. Among the top hits, we identify a cancer-testis unitary pseudogene, MGAT4EP, that is predominantly localized in the nucleus and interacts with FOXA1, a key regulator in luminal A breast cancer. By enhancing the promoter binding of FOXA1, MGAT4EP upregulates the expression of oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1. Integrative analyses of multi-omic data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveal many unitary pseudogenes whose expressions are significantly dysregulated and/or associated with overall/relapse-free survival of patients in diverse cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first large-scale study characterizing pseudogene function. Our findings suggest the importance of nuclear function of unitary pseudogenes and underscore their underappreciated roles in human diseases. The functional genomic resources developed here will greatly facilitate the study of human pseudogene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present affiliation: Department of Oncology Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Baita west road #16, Suzhou, 215001, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present affiliation: Clinical Science Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Caishang Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanjun Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiakai Hou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present affiliation: Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangdong Lv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Quantitative Sciences Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Quantitative Sciences Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Seo N, Ko J, Lee D, Jeong H, Oh MJ, Kim U, Lee DH, Kim J, Choi YJ, An HJ. In-depth characterization of non-human sialic acid (Neu5Gc) in human serum using label-free ZIC-HILIC/MRM-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5227-5237. [PMID: 34235565 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid Neu5Gc, a non-human glycan, is recognized as a new harmful substance that can cause vascular disease and cancer. Humans are unable to synthesize Neu5Gc due to a genetic defect that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc, but Neu5Gc is often observed in human biological samples. Therefore, the demand for accurately measuring the amount of Neu5Gc present in human blood or tissues is rapidly increasing, but there is still no method to reliably quantify trace amounts of a non-human sugar. In particular, selective isolation and detection of Neu5Gc from human serum is analytically challenging due to the presence of excess sialic acid Neu5Ac, which has physicochemical properties very similar to Neu5Gc. Herein, we developed the label-free approach based on ZIC-HILIC/MRM-MS that can enrich sialic acids released from human serum and simultaneously monitor Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. The combination of complete separation of Neu5Gc from abundant Neu5Ac by hydrophilic and electrostatic interactions with selective monitoring of structure-specific cross-ring cleavage ions generated by negative CID-MS/MS was remarkably effective for quantification of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc at the femtomole level. Indeed, we were able to successfully determine the absolute quantitation of Neu5Gc from 30 healthy donors in the range of 3.336 ± 1.252 pg/μL (mean ± SD), 10,000 times lower than Neu5Ac. In particular, analysis of sialic acids in protein-free serum revealed that both Neu5Ac and Neu5G are mostly bound to proteins and/or lipids, but not in free form. In addition, the correlation between expression level of Neu5Gc and biological factors such as BMI, age, and sex was investigated. This method can be widely used in studies requiring sialic acid-related measurements such as disease diagnosis or prediction of immunogenicity in biopharmaceuticals as it is both fast and highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Ko
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Daum Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jeong
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Kim
- Biocomplete Co., Ltd., Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. .,Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Can H, Erkunt Alak S, Köseoğlu AE, Şahar U, Bostanbaş B, Baydarlı S, Döşkaya M, Ün C. Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:282. [PMID: 33874895 PMCID: PMC8054402 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Can
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Şahar
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Bostanbaş
- Department of Veterinary Affairs, Municipality of Narlıdere, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Baydarlı
- Department of Veterinary Affairs, Municipality of Narlıdere, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ün
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey.
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50
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Wang H, Wu ZC, Hu P, Ren HL, Li YS, Zheng Y, Wang C, Zeng-Shan Liu, Lu SY. Identification of chicken-derived scFv against N-glycolylneuraminic acid retrieved from an immune library by phage display. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 182:105841. [PMID: 33582290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N- glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a type of sialic acid, it can be synthesized by a range of mammals except chickens and healthy human. After entering human body, Neu5Gc in foods such as red meat and milk can cause chronic inflammation, thus promoting the development of cancer and related diseases. In this study, we identified a gene sequence of Neu5Gc-specific single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) by phage display from a primary chicken antibodies library. Then the gene sequence was used to express a 29 kDa anti-Neu5Gc ScFv protein as detection probe in competitive inhibition ELISA (IC-ELISA). The linear regression equation of the IC-ELISA was y = 23.12x+33.19 (R = 0.980), and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 5.333 and 0.66 μg/mL. The mean recovery of the spiked samples was 83.04%, and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were both 5.59%. The results suggested that the specific anti-Neu5Gc ScFv is a promising probe for the development of IC-ELISA and test strip in order to detect the presence of Neu5Gc in red meat, milk, and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Zong-Cheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China; Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd. (National Safety Evaluation Research Centre of New Drug(Shenyang)), Shenyang, 110141, PR China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
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