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Nymark M, Finazzi G, Volpe C, Serif M, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Sanchez N, Sharma AK, Ashcroft F, Kissen R, Winge P, Bones AM. Loss of CpFTSY Reduces Photosynthetic Performance and Affects Insertion of PsaC of PSI in Diatoms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:583-603. [PMID: 36852859 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) receptor (CpFTSY) is a component of the CpSRP pathway that post-translationally targets light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCPs) to the thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae containing chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis. In plants, CpFTSY also plays a major role in the co-translational incorporation of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes into the thylakoids. This role has not been demonstrated in green algae. So far, its function in organisms with chloroplasts derived from secondary endosymbiotic events has not been elucidated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mutants lacking CpFTSY in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We found that this protein is not involved in inserting LHCPs into thylakoid membranes, indicating that the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway is not active in this group of microalgae. The lack of CpFTSY caused an increased level of photoprotection, low electron transport rates, inefficient repair of photosystem II (PSII), reduced growth, a strong decline in the PSI subunit PsaC and upregulation of proteins that might compensate for a non-functional co-translational CpSRP pathway during light stress conditions. The phenotype was highly similar to the one described for diatoms lacking another component of the co-translational CpSRP pathway, the CpSRP54 protein. However, in contrast to cpsrp54 mutants, only one thylakoid membrane protein, PetD of the Cytb6f complex, was downregulated in cpftsy. Our results point to a minor role for CpFTSY in the co-translational CpSRP pathway, suggesting that other mechanisms may partially compensate for the effect of a disrupted CpSRP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Nicolas Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
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2
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Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I complexed with ferredoxin at 1.97 Å resolution. Commun Biol 2022; 5:951. [PMID: 36097054 PMCID: PMC9467995 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a light driven electron pump transferring electrons from Cytochrome c6 (Cyt c6) to Ferredoxin (Fd). An understanding of this electron transfer process is hampered by a paucity of structural detail concerning PSI:Fd interface and the possible binding sites of Cyt c6. Here we describe the high resolution cryo-EM structure of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 PSI in complex with Fd and a loosely bound Cyt c6. Side chain interactions at the PSI:Fd interface including bridging water molecules are visualized in detail. The structure explains the properties of mutants of PsaE and PsaC that affect kinetics of Fd binding and suggests a molecular switch for the dissociation of Fd upon reduction. Calorimetry-based thermodynamic analyses confirms a single binding site for Fd and demonstrates that PSI:Fd complexation is purely driven by entropy. A possible reaction cycle for the efficient transfer of electrons from Cyt c6 to Fd via PSI is proposed. In order to aid the understanding of the electron transfer process within the cyanobacterial photosystem I, its structure - when complexed with Ferredoxin - is determined at 1.97 Å resolution.
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Gisriel CJ, Flesher DA, Shen G, Wang J, Ho MY, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Structure of a photosystem I-ferredoxin complex from a marine cyanobacterium provides insights into far-red light photoacclimation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101408. [PMID: 34793839 PMCID: PMC8689207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Far-red light photoacclimation exhibited by some cyanobacteria allows these organisms to use the far-red region of the solar spectrum (700-800 nm) for photosynthesis. Part of this process includes the replacement of six photosystem I (PSI) subunits with isoforms that confer the binding of chlorophyll (Chl) f molecules that absorb far-red light (FRL). However, the exact sites at which Chl f molecules are bound are still challenging to determine. To aid in the identification of Chl f-binding sites, we solved the cryo-EM structure of PSI from far-red light-acclimated cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. We identified six sites that bind Chl f with high specificity and three additional sites that are likely to bind Chl f at lower specificity. All of these binding sites are in the core-antenna regions of PSI, and Chl f was not observed among the electron transfer cofactors. This structural analysis also reveals both conserved and nonconserved Chl f-binding sites, the latter of which exemplify the diversity in FRL-PSI among species. We found that the FRL-PSI structure also contains a bound soluble ferredoxin, PetF1, at low occupancy, which suggests that ferredoxin binds less transiently than expected according to the canonical view of ferredoxin-binding to facilitate electron transfer. We suggest that this may result from structural changes in FRL-PSI that occur specifically during FRL photoacclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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4
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Caspy I, Borovikova-Sheinker A, Klaiman D, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. The structure of a triple complex of plant photosystem I with ferredoxin and plastocyanin. NATURE PLANTS 2020. [PMID: 33020607 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00779-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use sunlight as a sole source of energy is endowed by two large membrane complexes-photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). PSI and PSII are the fundamental components of oxygenic photosynthesis, providing oxygen, food and an energy source for most living organisms on Earth. Currently, high-resolution crystal structures of these complexes from various organisms are available. The crystal structures of megadalton complexes have revealed excitation transfer and electron-transport pathways within the various complexes. PSI is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase but a high-resolution structure of the entire triple supercomplex is not available. Here, using a new cryo-electron microscopy technique, we solve the structure of native plant PSI in complex with its electron donor plastocyanin and the electron acceptor ferredoxin. We reveal all of the contact sites and the modes of interaction between the interacting electron carriers and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova-Sheinker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Caspy I, Borovikova-Sheinker A, Klaiman D, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. The structure of a triple complex of plant photosystem I with ferredoxin and plastocyanin. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1300-1305. [PMID: 33020607 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use sunlight as a sole source of energy is endowed by two large membrane complexes-photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). PSI and PSII are the fundamental components of oxygenic photosynthesis, providing oxygen, food and an energy source for most living organisms on Earth. Currently, high-resolution crystal structures of these complexes from various organisms are available. The crystal structures of megadalton complexes have revealed excitation transfer and electron-transport pathways within the various complexes. PSI is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase but a high-resolution structure of the entire triple supercomplex is not available. Here, using a new cryo-electron microscopy technique, we solve the structure of native plant PSI in complex with its electron donor plastocyanin and the electron acceptor ferredoxin. We reveal all of the contact sites and the modes of interaction between the interacting electron carriers and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova-Sheinker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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6
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Achievements and challenges of genetic engineering of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Kłodawska K, Kovács L, Vladkova R, Rzaska A, Gombos Z, Laczkó-Dobos H, Malec P. Trimeric organization of photosystem I is required to maintain the balanced photosynthetic electron flow in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:251-262. [PMID: 31848802 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and some other cyanobacteria photosystem I reaction centres exist predominantly as trimers, with minor contribution of monomeric form, when cultivated at standard optimized conditions. In contrast, in plant chloroplasts photosystem I complex is exclusively monomeric. The functional significance of trimeric organization of cyanobacterial photosystem I remains not fully understood. In this study, we compared the photosynthetic characteristics of PSI in wild type and psaL knockout mutant. The results show that relative to photosystem I trimer in wild-type cells, photosystem I monomer in psaL- mutant has a smaller P700+ pool size under low and moderate light, slower P700 oxidation upon dark-to-light transition, and slower P700+ reduction upon light-to-dark transition. The mutant also shows strongly diminished photosystem I donor side limitations [quantum yield Y(ND)] at low, moderate and high light, but enhanced photosystem I acceptor side limitations [quantum yield Y(NA)], especially at low light (22 µmol photons m-2 s-1). In line with these functional characteristics are the determined differences in the relative expression genes encoding of selected electron transporters. The psaL- mutant showed significant (ca fivefold) upregulation of the photosystem I donor cytochrome c6, and downregulation of photosystem I acceptors (ferredoxin, flavodoxin) and proteins of alternative electron flows originating in photosystem I acceptor side. Taken together, our results suggest that photosystem I trimerization in wild-type Synechocystis cells plays a role in the protection of photosystem I from photoinhibition via maintaining enhanced donor side electron transport limitations and minimal acceptor side electron transport limitations at various light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kłodawska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Radka Vladkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Rzaska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zoltán Gombos
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | | | - Przemysław Malec
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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8
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Binding of ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR) to plant photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:689-698. [PMID: 31336103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of FNR to PSI has been postulated long ago, however, a clear evidence is still missing. In this work, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found that FNR binds to photosystem I with its light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) from C. reinhardtii with a 1:1 stoichiometry, a Kd of ~0.8 μM and ∆H of -20.7 kcal/mol. Titrations at different temperatures were used to determine the heat capacity change, ∆CP, of the binding, through which the size of the interface area between the proteins was assessed as ~3000 Å2. In a different set of ITC experiments, introduction of various sucrose concentrations was used to estimate that ~95 water molecules are released to the solvent. These observations support the notion of a binding site shared by few of the photosystem I - light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) subunits in addition to PsaE. Based on these results, a hypothetical model was built for the binding site of FNR at PSI, using known crystallographic structures of: cyanobacterial PSI in complex with ferredoxin (Fd), plant PSI-LHCI and Fd:FNR complex from cyanobacteria. FNR binding site location is proposed to be at the foot of the stromal ridge and above the inner LHCI belt. It is expected to form contacts with PsaE, PsaB, PsaF and at least one of the LHCI. In addition, a ~4.5-fold increased affinity between FNR and PSI-LHCI under crowded 1 M sucrose environment led us to conclude that in C. reinhardtii FNR also functions as a subunit of PSI-LHCI.
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9
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Marco P, Kozuleva M, Eilenberg H, Mazor Y, Gimeson P, Kanygin A, Redding K, Weiner I, Yacoby I. Binding of ferredoxin to algal photosystem I involves a single binding site and is composed of two thermodynamically distinct events. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:234-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Pérez AA, Ferlez BH, Applegate AM, Walters K, He Z, Shen G, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA. Presence of a [3Fe-4S] cluster in a PsaC variant as a functional component of the photosystem I electron transfer chain in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:31-48. [PMID: 28916964 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A site-directed C14G mutation was introduced into the stromal PsaC subunit of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 in vivo in order to introduce an exchangeable coordination site into the terminal FB [4Fe-4S] cluster of Photosystem I (PSI). Using an engineered PSI-less strain (psaAB deletion), psaC was deleted and replaced with recombinant versions controlled by a strong promoter, and the psaAB deletion was complemented. Modified PSI accumulated at lower levels in this strain and supported slower photoautotrophic growth than wild type. As-isolated PSI complexes containing PsaCC14G showed resonances with g values of 2.038 and 2.007 characteristic of a [3Fe-4S]1+ cluster. When the PSI complexes were illuminated at 15 K, these resonances partially disappeared and two new sets of resonances appeared. The majority set had g values of 2.05, 1.95, and 1.85, characteristic of FA-, and the minority set had g values of 2.11, 1.90, and 1.88 from FB' in the modified site. The S = 1/2 spin state of the latter implied the presence of a thiolate as the terminal ligand. The [3Fe-4S] clusters could be partially reconstituted with iron, producing a larger population of [4Fe-4S] clusters. Rates of flavodoxin reduction were identical in PSI complexes isolated from wild type and the PsaCC14G variant strain; this implied equivalent capacity for forward electron transfer in PSI complexes that contained [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters. The development of this cyanobacterial strain is a first step toward translation of in vitro PSI-based biosolar molecular wire systems in vivo and provides new insights into the formation of Fe/S clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Bryan H Ferlez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 28824, USA
| | - Amanda M Applegate
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Jessup, PA, 18434, USA
| | - Karim Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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11
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Kubota-Kawai H, Mutoh R, Shinmura K, Sétif P, Nowaczyk MM, Rögner M, Ikegami T, Tanaka H, Kurisu G. X-ray structure of an asymmetrical trimeric ferredoxin-photosystem I complex. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:218-224. [PMID: 29610537 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI), a large protein complex located in the thylakoid membrane, mediates the final step in light-driven electron transfer to the stromal electron carrier protein ferredoxin (Fd). Here, we report the first structural description of the PSI-Fd complex from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The trimeric PSI complex binds three Fds in a non-equivalent manner. While each is recognized by a PSI protomer in a similar orientation, the distances between Fds and the PSI redox centres differ. Fd binding thus entails loss of the exact three-fold symmetry of the PSI's soluble subunits, inducing structural perturbations which are transferred to the lumen through PsaF. Affinity chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of PSI-Fd complexes support the existence of two different Fd-binding states, with one Fd being more tightly bound than the others. We propose a dynamic structural basis for productive complex formation, which supports fast electron transfer between PSI and Fd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kubota-Kawai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Shinmura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pierre Sétif
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan.
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12
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Kapoor K, Cashman DJ, Nientimp L, Bruce BD, Baudry J. Binding Mechanisms of Electron Transport Proteins with Cyanobacterial Photosystem I: An Integrated Computational and Experimental Model. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1026-1036. [PMID: 29211957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stromal domain (PsaC, D, and E) of photosystem I (PSI) in cyanobacteria accepts electrons from PsaA and PsaB of photosystem I (PSI). These electrons are then used in the reduction of transiently bound ferredoxin (Fd) or flavodoxin. Experimental X-ray and NMR structures are known for all of these protein partners separately, yet to date, there is no known experimental structure of the PSI/Fd complexes in the published literature. Computational models of Fd docked with the stromal domain of cyanobacterial PSI were assembled here starting from X-ray and NMR structures of PSI and Fd. Predicted models of specific regions of protein-protein interactions were built on the basis of energetic frustration, residue conservation and evolutionary importance, as well as from experimental site-directed mutagenesis and cross-linking studies. Microsecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations of the PSI/Fd complexes suggest, rather than a single complex structure, the possible existence of multiple transient complexes of Fd bound to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Derek J Cashman
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University , Box 5055, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505-0001, United States
| | - Luke Nientimp
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University , Box 5055, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505-0001, United States
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jerome Baudry
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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13
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Sétif P, Mutoh R, Kurisu G. Dynamics and energetics of cyanobacterial photosystem I:ferredoxin complexes in different redox states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:483-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Harris BJ, Cheng X, Frymier P. Structure and Function of Photosystem I–[FeFe] Hydrogenase Protein Fusions: An All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:599-609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Harris
- College
of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, United States
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Center for
Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Cashman DJ, Zhu T, Simmerman RF, Scott C, Bruce BD, Baudry J. Molecular interactions between photosystem I and ferredoxin: an integrated energy frustration and experimental model. J Mol Recognit 2015; 27:597-608. [PMID: 25178855 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stromal domain (PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE) of photosystem I (PSI) reduces transiently bound ferredoxin (Fd) or flavodoxin. Experimental structures exist for all of these protein partners individually, but no experimental structure of the PSI/Fd or PSI/flavodoxin complexes is presently available. Molecular models of Fd docked onto the stromal domain of the cyanobacterial PSI site are constructed here utilizing X-ray and NMR structures of PSI and Fd, respectively. Predictions of potential protein-protein interaction regions are based on experimental site-directed mutagenesis and cross-linking studies to guide rigid body docking calculations of Fd into PSI, complemented by energy landscape theory to bring together regions of high energetic frustration on each of the interacting proteins. The results identify two regions of high localized frustration on the surface of Fd that contain negatively charged Asp and Glu residues. This study predicts that these regions interact predominantly with regions of high localized frustration on the PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE chains of PSI, which include several residues predicted by previous experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Cashman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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16
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Harris BJ, Cheng X, Frymier P. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation of a photosystem i/detergent complex. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11633-45. [PMID: 25233289 DOI: 10.1021/jp507157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the solution structure and dynamics of the photosynthetic pigment-protein complex photosystem I (PSI) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus embedded in a toroidal belt of n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM) detergent. Evaluation of root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) relative to the known crystal structure show that the protein complex surrounded by DDM molecules is stable during the 200 ns simulation time, and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis indicates that regions of high local mobility correspond to solvent-exposed regions such as turns in the transmembrane α-helices and flexible loops on the stromal and lumenal faces. Comparing the protein-detergent complex to a pure detergent micelle, the detergent surrounding the PSI trimer is found to be less densely packed but with more ordered detergent tails, contrary to what is seen in most lipid bilayer models. We also investigated any functional implications for the observed conformational dynamics and protein-detergent interactions, discovering interesting structural changes in the psaL subunits associated with maintaining the trimeric structure of the protein. Importantly, we find that the docking of soluble electron mediators such as cytochrome c6 and ferredoxin to PSI is not significantly impacted by the solubilization of PSI in detergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Harris
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, §Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center, and ∥Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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17
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Kargul J, Janna Olmos JD, Krupnik T. Structure and function of photosystem I and its application in biomimetic solar-to-fuel systems. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1639-1653. [PMID: 22784471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most efficient biological macromolecular complexes that converts solar energy into condensed energy of chemical bonds. Despite high structural complexity, PSI operates with a quantum yield close to 1.0 and to date, no man-made synthetic system approached this remarkable efficiency. This review highlights recent developments in dissecting molecular structure and function of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic PSI. It also overviews progress in the application of this complex as a natural photocathode for production of hydrogen within the biomimetic solar-to-fuel nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kargul
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Kargul J, Barber J. Structure and Function of Photosynthetic Reaction Centres. MOLECULAR SOLAR FUELS 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733038-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensive biochemical, biophysical, molecular biological and structural studies on a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms has revealed common features of their reaction centres where light induced charge separation and stabilization occurs. There is little doubt that all reaction centres have evolved from a common ancestor and have been optimized to maximum efficiency. As such they provide principles that can be used as a blueprint for developing artificial photo-electrochemical catalytic systems to generate solar fuels. This chapter summarises the common features of the organization of cofactors, electron transfer pathways and protein environments of reaction centres of anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs. In particular, the latest molecular details derived from X-ray crystallography are discussed in context of the specific catalytic functions of the Type I and Type II reaction centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kargul
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James Barber
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Winkler M, Kawelke S, Happe T. Light driven hydrogen production in protein based semi-artificial systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8493-8500. [PMID: 21696949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photobiological hydrogen production has recently attracted interest in terms of being a potential source for an alternative energy carrier. Especially the natural light driven hydrogen metabolism of unicellular green algae appears as an attractive blueprint for a clean and potentially unlimited dihydrogen source. However, the efficiency of in vivo systems is limited by physiological and evolutionary constraints and scientists only begin to understand the regulatory networks influencing cellular hydrogen production. A growing number of projects aim at circumventing these limitations by focusing on semi-artificial systems. They reconstitute parts of the native electron transfer chains in vitro, combining photosystem I as a photoactive element with a proton reducing catalytic element such as hydrogenase enzymes or noble metal nanoparticles. This review summarizes various approaches and discusses limitations that have to be overcome in order to establish economically applicable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winkler
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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20
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Alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways during anaerobiosis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:919-26. [PMID: 21376011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis uses light as energy source to generate an oxidant powerful enough to oxidize water into oxygen, electrons and protons. Upon linear electron transport, electrons extracted from water are used to reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. The oxygen molecule has been integrated into the cellular metabolism, both as the most efficient electron acceptor during respiratory electron transport and as oxidant and/or "substrate" in a number of biosynthetic pathways. Though photosynthesis of higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria produces oxygen, there are conditions under which this type of photosynthesis operates under hypoxic or anaerobic conditions. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this condition is induced by sulfur deficiency, and it results in the production of molecular hydrogen. Research on this biotechnologically relevant phenomenon has contributed largely to new insights into additional pathways of photosynthetic electron transport, which extend the former concept of linear electron flow by far. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about various electron sources and sinks of oxygenic photosynthesis besides water and NADP(+) in the context of their contribution to hydrogen photoproduction by C. reinhardtii. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Busch A, Hippler M. The structure and function of eukaryotic photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:864-77. [PMID: 20920463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic photosystem I consists of two functional moieties: the photosystem I core, harboring the components for the light-driven charge separation and the subsequent electron transfer, and the peripheral light-harvesting complex (LHCI). While the photosystem I-core remained highly conserved throughout the evolution, with the exception of the oxidizing side of photosystem I, the LHCI complex shows a high degree of variability in size, subunits composition and bound pigments, which is due to the large variety of different habitats photosynthetic organisms dwell in. Besides summarizing the most current knowledge on the photosystem I-core structure, we will discuss the composition and structure of the LHCI complex from different eukaryotic organisms, both from the red and the green clade. Furthermore, mechanistic insights into electron transfer between the donor and acceptor side of photosystem I and its soluble electron transfer carrier proteins will be given. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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22
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Amunts A, Nelson N. Plant Photosystem I Design in the Light of Evolution. Structure 2009; 17:637-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major process that converts solar energy into chemical energy on Earth. Two and a half billion years ago, the ancestors of cyanobacteria were able to use water as electron source for the photosynthetic process, thereby evolving oxygen and changing the atmosphere of our planet Earth. Two large membrane protein complexes, Photosystems I and II, catalyze the primary step in this energy conversion, the light-induced charge separation across the photosynthetic membrane. This chapter describes and compares the structure of two Photosystems and discusses their function in respect to the mechanism of light harvesting, electron transfer and water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
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Amunts A, Nelson N. Functional organization of a plant Photosystem I: evolution of a highly efficient photochemical machine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:228-37. [PMID: 18272382 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its enormous complexity, a plant Photosystem I (PSI) is arguably the most efficient nano-photochemical machine in Nature. It emerged as a homodimeric structure containing several chlorophyll molecules over 3.5 billion years ago, and has perfected its photoelectric properties ever since. The recently determined structure of plant PSI, which is at the top of the evolutionary tree of this kind of complexes, provided the first relatively high-resolution structural model of the supercomplex containing a reaction center (RC) and a peripheral antenna (LHCI) complexes. The RC is highly homologous to that of the cyanobacterial PSI and maintains the position of most transmembrane helices and chlorophylls during 1.5 years of separate evolution. The LHCI is composed of four nuclear gene products (Lhca1-Lhca4) that are unique among the chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in their pronounced long-wavelength absorbance and their assembly into dimers. In this respect, we describe structural elements, which establish the biological significance of a plant PSI and discuss structural variance from the cyanobacterial version. The present comprehensive structural analysis summarizes our current state of knowledge, providing the first glimpse at the architecture of this highly efficient photochemical machine at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Amunts
- Biochemistry Department, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University, Sherman Building, Room 531, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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25
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Heinnickel M, Golbeck JH. Heliobacterial photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:35-53. [PMID: 17457690 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heliobacteria contain Type I reaction centers (RCs) and a homodimeric core, but unlike green sulfur bacteria, they do not contain an extended antenna system. Given their simplicity, the heliobacterial RC (HbRC) should be ideal for the study of a prototypical homodimeric RC. However, there exist enormous gaps in our knowledge, particularly with regard to the nature of the secondary and tertiary electron acceptors. To paraphrase S. Neerken and J. Amesz (2001 Biochim Biophys Acta 1507:278-290): with the sole exception of primary charge separation, little progress has been made in recent years on the HbRC, either with respect to the polypeptide composition, or the nature of the electron acceptor chain, or the kinetics of forward and backward electron transfer. This situation, however, has changed. First, the low molecular mass polypeptide that contains the terminal FA and FB iron-sulfur clusters has been identified. The change in the lifetime of the flash-induced kinetics from 75 ms to 15 ms on its removal shows that the former arises from the P798+ [FA/FB]- recombination, and the latter from P798+ FX- recombination. Second, FX has been identified in HbRC cores by EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and shown to be a [4Fe-4S]1+,2+ cluster with a ground spin state of S=3/2. Since all of the iron in HbRC cores is in the FX cluster, a ratio of approximately 22 Bchl g/P798 could be calculated from chemical assays of non-heme iron and Bchl g. Third, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the FA/FB-containing polypeptide led to the identification and cloning of its gene. The expressed protein can be rebound to isolated HbRC cores, thereby regaining both the 75 ms kinetic phase resulting from P798+ [FA/FB]- recombination and the light-induced EPR resonances of FA- and FB-. The gene was named 'pshB' and the protein 'PshB' in keeping with the accepted nomenclature for Type I RCs. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the structure and function of the HbRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Heinnickel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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26
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Fromme P, Yu H, DeRuyter YS, Jolley C, Chauhan DK, Melkozernov A, Grotjohann I. Structure of photosystems I and II. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on earth, is catalyzed by four multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), the cytochrome b(6)f complex, and F-ATPase. PSI generates the most negative redox potential in nature and largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems. PSII generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable it to oxidize H(2)O, a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth. During the last century, the sophisticated techniques of spectroscopy, molecular genetics, and biochemistry were used to reveal the structure and function of the two photosystems. The new structures of PSI and PSII from cyanobacteria, algae, and plants has shed light not only on the architecture and mechanism of action of these intricate membrane complexes, but also on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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28
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Rappaport F, Diner BA, Redding K. Optical Measurements of Secondary Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. PHOTOSYSTEM I 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4256-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Jolley C, Ben-Shem A, Nelson N, Fromme P. Structure of plant photosystem I revealed by theoretical modeling. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:33627-36. [PMID: 15955818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500937200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem (PS) I is a large membrane protein complex vital for oxygenic photosynthesis, one of the most important biological processes on the planet. We present an "atomic" model of higher plant PSI, based on theoretical modeling using the recent 4.4 angstroms x-ray crystal structure of PSI from pea. Because of the lack of information on the amino acid side chains in the x-ray structural model and the high cofactor content in this system, novel modeling techniques were developed. Our model reveals some important structural features of plant PSI that were not visible in the crystal structure, and our model sheds light on the evolutionary relationship between plant and cyanobacterial PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Jolley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281-1504, USA
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30
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Grotjohann I, Fromme P. Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 85:51-72. [PMID: 15977059 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-1440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I is one of the most fascinating membrane protein complexes for which a structure has been determined. It functions as a bio-solar energy converter, catalyzing one of the first steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. It captures the light of the sun by means of a large antenna system, consisting of chlorophylls and carotenoids, and transfers the energy to the center of the complex, driving the transmembrane electron transfer from plastoquinone to ferredoxin. Cyanobacterial Photosystem I is a trimer consisting of 36 proteins to which 381 cofactors are non-covalently attached. This review discusses the complex function of Photosystem I based on the structure of the complex at 2.5 A resolution as well as spectroscopic and biochemical data.
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31
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Wostrikoff K, Girard-Bascou J, Wollman FA, Choquet Y. Biogenesis of PSI involves a cascade of translational autoregulation in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas. EMBO J 2004; 23:2696-705. [PMID: 15192706 PMCID: PMC449776 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I comprises 13 subunits in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, four of which-the major reaction center I subunits PsaA and PsaB, PsaC and PsaJ-are chloroplast genome-encoded. We demonstrate that PSI biogenesis involves an assembly-governed regulation of synthesis of the major chloroplast-encoded subunits where the presence of PsaB is required to observe significant rates of PsaA synthesis and the presence of PsaA is required to observe significant rates of PsaC synthesis. Using chimeric genes expressed in the chloroplast, we show that these regulatory processes correspond to autoregulation of translation for PsaA and PsaC. The downregulation of translation occurs at some early stage since it arises from the interaction between unassembled PsaA and PsaC polypeptides and 5' untranslated regions of psaA and psaC mRNAs, respectively. These assembly-dependent autoregulations of translation represent two new instances of a control by epistasy of synthesis process that turns out to be a general feature of protein expression in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Wostrikoff
- CNRS/UPR 1261, ass. Univ. Paris VI, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | | | - Francis-André Wollman
- CNRS/UPR 1261, ass. Univ. Paris VI, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- CNRS/UPR 1261, ass. Univ. Paris VI, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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33
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Sétif P, Fischer N, Lagoutte B, Bottin H, Rochaix JD. The ferredoxin docking site of photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1555:204-9. [PMID: 12206916 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction center of photosystem I (PSI) reduces soluble ferredoxin on the stromal side of the photosynthetic membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. The X-ray structure of PSI from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus has been recently established at a 2.5 A resolution [Nature 411 (2001) 909]. The kinetics of ferredoxin photoreduction has been studied in recent years in many mutants of the stromal subunits PsaC, PsaD and PsaE of PSI. We discuss the ferredoxin docking site of PSI using the X-ray structure and the effects brought by the PSI mutations to the ferredoxin affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sétif
- CEA Saclay, Département de Biologie Joliot-Curie, Service de Bioénergétique and URA CNRS 2096, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France.
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34
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Abstract
Ferredoxin and flavodoxin are soluble proteins which are reduced by the terminal electron acceptors of photosystem I. The kinetics of ferredoxin (flavodoxin) photoreduction are discussed in detail, together with the last steps of intramolecular photosystem I electron transfer which precede ferredoxin (flavodoxin) reduction. The present knowledge concerning the photosystem I docking site for ferredoxin and flavodoxin is described in the second part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sétif
- Section de Bioénergétique and CNRS URA 2096, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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36
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Vassiliev IR, Antonkine ML, Golbeck JH. Iron-sulfur clusters in type I reaction centers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1507:139-60. [PMID: 11687212 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I reaction centers (RCs) are multisubunit chlorophyll-protein complexes that function in photosynthetic organisms to convert photons to Gibbs free energy. The unique feature of Type I RCs is the presence of iron-sulfur clusters as electron transfer cofactors. Photosystem I (PS I) of oxygenic phototrophs is the best-studied Type I RC. It is comprised of an interpolypeptide [4Fe-4S] cluster, F(X), that bridges the PsaA and PsaB subunits, and two terminal [4Fe-4S] clusters, F(A) and F(B), that are bound to the PsaC subunit. In this review, we provide an update on the structure and function of the bound iron-sulfur clusters in Type I RCs. The first new development in this area is the identification of F(A) as the cluster proximal to F(X) and the resolution of the electron transfer sequence as F(X)-->F(A)-->F(B)-->soluble ferredoxin. The second new development is the determination of the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of unbound PsaC and localization of the equal- and mixed-valence pairs in F(A)(-) and F(B)(-). We provide a survey of the EPR properties and spectra of the iron-sulfur clusters in Type I RCs of cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria, and we summarize new information about the kinetics of back-reactions involving the iron-sulfur clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Vassiliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 310 South Frear Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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37
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Abstract
This mini-review focuses on recent experimental results and questions, which came up since the last more comprehensive reviews on the subject. We include a brief discussion of the different techniques used for time-resolved studies of electron transfer in photosystem I (PS I) and relate the kinetic results to new structural data of the PS I reaction centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brettel
- Section de Bioénergétique and CNRS URA 2096, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, 91191 Cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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38
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Abstract
In plants and cyanobacteria, the primary step in oxygenic photosynthesis, the light induced charge separation, is driven by two large membrane intrinsic protein complexes, the photosystems I and II. Photosystem I catalyses the light driven electron transfer from plastocyanin/cytochrome c(6) on the lumenal side of the membrane to ferredoxin/flavodoxin at the stromal side by a chain of electron carriers. Photosystem I of Synechococcus elongatus consists of 12 protein subunits, 96 chlorophyll a molecules, 22 carotenoids, three [4Fe4S] clusters and two phylloquinones. Furthermore, it has been discovered that four lipids are intrinsic components of photosystem I. Photosystem I exists as a trimer in the native membrane with a molecular mass of 1068 kDa for the whole complex. The X-ray structure of photosystem I at a resolution of 2.5 A shows the location of the individual subunits and cofactors and provides new information on the protein-cofactor interactions. [P. Jordan, P. Fromme, H.T. Witt, O. Klukas, W. Saenger, N. Krauss, Nature 411 (2001) 909-917]. In this review, biochemical data and results of biophysical investigations are discussed with respect to the X-ray crystallographic structure in order to give an overview of the structure and function of this large membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fromme
- Max Volmer Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Scheller HV, Jensen PE, Haldrup A, Lunde C, Knoetzel J. Role of subunits in eukaryotic Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1507:41-60. [PMID: 11687207 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) of eukaryotes has a number of features that distinguishes it from PSI of cyanobacteria. In plants, the PSI core has three subunits that are not found in cyanobacterial PSI. The remaining 11 subunits of the core are conserved but several of the subunits have a different role in eukaryotic PSI. A distinguishing feature of eukaryotic PSI is the membrane-imbedded peripheral antenna. Light-harvesting complex I is composed of four different subunits and is specific for PSI. Light-harvesting complex II can be associated with both PSI and PSII. Several of the core subunits interact with the peripheral antenna proteins and are important for proper function of the peripheral antenna. The review describes the role of the different subunits in eukaryotic PSI. The emphasis is on features that are different from cyanobacterial PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Scheller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Bottin H, Hanley J, Lagoutte B. Role of acidic amino acid residues of PsaD subunit on limiting the affinity of photosystem I for ferredoxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:833-6. [PMID: 11573938 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PsaD subunit of photosystem I is one of the central polypeptides for the interaction with ferredoxin, its acidic electron acceptor. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803, this role is partly performed by a sequence extending approximately from histidine 97 to arginine 119, close to the C-terminus. In the present work, acidic amino acids D100, E105, and E109 are shown to moderate the affinity of Photosystem I for ferredoxin. Most single replacements of these residues by neutral amino acids increased the affinity for ferredoxin, resulting in a dissociation constant as low as 0.015 microM for the E105Q mutant (wild-type K(D) = 0.4 microM). This is the first report on the limitation of photosystem I affinity for ferredoxin due to acidic amino acids from PsaD subunit. It highlights the occurrence of a negative control on the binding during the formation of transient complexes between electron carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bottin
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA, CNRS URA 2096, CE de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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41
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Harris EH. CHLAMYDOMONAS AS A MODEL ORGANISM. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 52:363-406. [PMID: 11337403 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas offers a simple life cycle, easy isolation of mutants, and a growing array of tools and techniques for molecular genetic studies. Among the principal areas of current investigation using this model system are flagellar structure and function, genetics of basal bodies (centrioles), chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthesis, light perception, cell-cell recognition, and cell cycle control. A genome project has begun with compilation of expressed sequence tag data and gene expression studies and will lead to a complete genome sequence. Resources available to the research community include wild-type and mutant strains, plasmid constructs for transformation studies, and a comprehensive on-line database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Harris
- Developmental, Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-1000; e-mail:
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Ruffle SV, Mustafa AO, Kitmitto A, Holzenburg A, Ford RC. The location of the mobile electron carrier ferredoxin in vascular plant photosystem I. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:36250-5. [PMID: 10948201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006549200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the location of the ferredoxin-binding site in photosystem I from spinach. Image analysis of negatively stained two-dimensional crystals indicates that the addition of ferredoxin and chemical cross-linkers do not significantly alter the unit cell parameters (for untreated photosystem I, a = 26.4 nm, b = 27.6 nm, and gamma = 90 degrees, space group p22(1)2(1) and for ferredoxin cross-linked photosystem I, a = 26.2 nm, b = 27.2 nm, and gamma = 90 degrees, space group p22(1)2(1)). Fourier difference analysis reveals that ferredoxin is bound on top of the stromal ridge principally interacting with the extrinsic subunits PsaC and PsaE. This location would be accessible to the stroma, thereby promoting efficient electron transfer away from photosystem I. This observation is significantly different from that of the ferredoxin binding site proposed for cyanobacteria. A model for the binding of ferredoxin in vascular plants is proposed and is discussed relative to observations in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Ruffle
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, M60 1QD, UK
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Rochaix J, Fischer N, Hippler M. Chloroplast site-directed mutagenesis of photosystem I in Chlamydomonas: electron transfer reactions and light sensitivity. Biochimie 2000; 82:635-45. [PMID: 10946112 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem I (PSI) complex is a multisubunit protein-pigment complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane which acts as a light-driven plastocyanin/cytochrome c(6)-ferredoxin oxido-reductase. The use of chloroplast transformation and site-directed mutagenesis coupled with the biochemical and biophysical analysis of mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with specific amino acid changes in several subunits of PSI has provided new insights into the structure-function relationship of this important photosynthetic complex. In particular, this molecular-genetic analysis has identified key residues of the reaction center polypeptides of PSI which are the ligands of some of the redox cofactors and it has also provided important insights into the orientation of the terminal electron acceptors of this complex. Finally this analysis has also shown that mutations affecting the donor side of PSI are limiting for overall electron transfer under high light and that electron trapping within the terminal electron acceptors of PSI is highly deleterious to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Shinkarev VP, Vassiliev IR, Golbeck JH. A kinetic assessment of the sequence of electron transfer from F(X) to F(A) and further to F(B) in photosystem I: the value of the equilibrium constant between F(X) and F(A). Biophys J 2000; 78:363-72. [PMID: 10620300 PMCID: PMC1300644 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The x-ray structure analysis of photosystem I (PS I) crystals at 4-A resolution (Schubert et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol. 272:741-769) has revealed the distances between the three iron-sulfur clusters, labeled F(X), F(1), and F(2), which function on the acceptor side of PS I. There is a general consensus concerning the assignment of the F(X) cluster, which is bound to the PsaA and PsaB polypeptides that constitute the PS I core heterodimer. However, the correspondence between the acceptors labeled F(1) and F(2) on the electron density map and the F(A) and F(B) clusters defined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy remains controversial. Two recent studies (Diaz-Quintana et al., 1998, Biochemistry. 37:3429-3439;, Vassiliev et al., 1998, Biophys. J. 74:2029-2035) provided evidence that F(A) is the cluster proximal to F(X), and F(B) is the cluster that donates electrons to ferredoxin. In this work, we provide a kinetic argument to support this assignment by estimating the rates of electron transfer between the iron-sulfur clusters F(X), F(A), and F(B). The experimentally determined kinetics of P700(+) dark relaxation in PS I complexes (both F(A) and F(B) are present), HgCl(2)-treated PS I complexes (devoid of F(B)), and P700-F(X) cores (devoid of both F(A) and F(B)) from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 are compared with the expected dependencies on the rate of electron transfer, based on the x-ray distances between the cofactors. The analysis, which takes into consideration the asymmetrical position of iron-sulfur clusters F(1) and F(2) relative to F(X), supports the F(X) --> F(A) --> F(B) --> Fd sequence of electron transfer on the acceptor side of PS I. Based on this sequence of electron transfer and on the observed kinetics of P700(+) reduction and F(X)(-) oxidation, we estimate the equilibrium constant of electron transfer between F(X) and F(A) at room temperature to be approximately 47. The value of this equilibrium constant is discussed in the context of the midpoint potentials of F(X) and F(A), as determined by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Shinkarev
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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