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Sousa FBM, Nolêto IRSG, Chaves LS, Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Fonseca MMV, Medeiros JVR. A comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of cholera. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1715-1731. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.
Key findings
New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.
Conclusions
Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca B M Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Isabela R S G Nolêto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Chaves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mikhail M V Fonseca
- Institute of Higher Education of Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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