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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips J, Iturbe A, Erquizi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon K, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd T, Afroz F, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Rangaraju S, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson ECB, McFarland K, Levey AI, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Integrative proteomics identifies a conserved Aβ amyloid responsome, novel plaque proteins, and pathology modifiers in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep Med 2024:101669. [PMID: 39127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that develops over decades. AD brain proteomics reveals vast alterations in protein levels and numerous altered biologic pathways. Here, we compare AD brain proteome and network changes with the brain proteomes of amyloid β (Aβ)-depositing mice to identify conserved and divergent protein networks with the conserved networks identifying an Aβ amyloid responsome. Proteins in the most conserved network (M42) accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), and/or dystrophic neuronal processes, and overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), increases the accumulation of Aβ in plaques and CAA. M42 proteins bind amyloid fibrils in vitro, and MDK and PTN co-accumulate with cardiac transthyretin amyloid. M42 proteins appear intimately linked to amyloid deposition and can regulate amyloid deposition, suggesting that they are pathology modifiers and thus putative therapeutic targets. We posit that amyloid-scaffolded accumulation of numerous M42+ proteins is a central mechanism mediating downstream pathophysiology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wangchen Tsering
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Measho Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshna Gadhavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiara Lolo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorge Trejo-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Iturbe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aya Erquizi
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Torrellas
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corey Moran
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Farhana Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tariful Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaishree Jagirdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David R Borchelt
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Charitéplatz, 110117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen McFarland
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Bi K, Zhou L, Wang J, Huang L, Sun Y, Peng G, Wu W. Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:85-102. [PMID: 39100640 PMCID: PMC11297492 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s471174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagnosis. The advent of ultra-sensitive detection methodologies, including single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, has revolutionized the detection of AD plasma biomarkers, supplanting previous low-sensitivity techniques. This rapid advancement in detection technology facilitates the more accurate quantification of pathological brain proteins and AD-associated biomarkers in the bloodstream. This manuscript meticulously reviews the landscape of current research on immunological markers for AD, anchored in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association AT(N) research framework. It highlights a selection of forefront ultra-sensitive detection technologies now integral to assessing AD blood immunological markers. Additionally, this review examines the crucial pre-analytical processing steps for AD blood samples that significantly impact research outcomes and addresses the practical challenges faced during clinical testing. These discussions are crucial for enhancing our comprehension and refining the diagnostic precision of AD using blood-based biomarkers. The review aims to shed light on potential avenues for innovation and improvement in the techniques employed for detecting and investigating AD, thereby contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Yan C, Mercaldo V, Jacob AD, Kramer E, Mocle A, Ramsaran AI, Tran L, Rashid AJ, Park S, Insel N, Redish AD, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA. Higher-order interactions between hippocampal CA1 neurons are disrupted in amnestic mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01713-4. [PMID: 39030342 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Across systems, higher-order interactions between components govern emergent dynamics. Here we tested whether contextual threat memory retrieval in mice relies on higher-order interactions between dorsal CA1 hippocampal neurons requiring learning-induced dendritic spine plasticity. We compared population-level Ca2+ transients as wild-type mice (with intact learning-induced spine plasticity and memory) and amnestic mice (TgCRND8 mice with high levels of amyloid-β and deficits in learning-induced spine plasticity and memory) were tested for memory. Using machine-learning classifiers with different capacities to use input data with complex interactions, our findings indicate complex neuronal interactions in the memory representation of wild-type, but not amnestic, mice. Moreover, a peptide that partially restored learning-induced spine plasticity also restored the statistical complexity of the memory representation and memory behavior in Tg mice. These findings provide a previously missing bridge between levels of analysis in memory research, linking receptors, spines, higher-order neuronal dynamics and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- DeepMind, London, UK
| | - Valentina Mercaldo
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D Jacob
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Kramer
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mocle
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam I Ramsaran
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Tran
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim J Rashid
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sungmo Park
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Insel
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A David Redish
- Dept. of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheena A Josselyn
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Li LY, Park E, He C, Abbasi AZ, Henderson JT, Fraser PE, Uetrecht JP, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Evaluation of the biodistribution and preliminary safety profile of a novel brain-targeted manganese dioxide-based nanotheranostic system for Alzheimer's disease. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:315-334. [PMID: 38847611 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2361687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel brain-targeted and reactive oxygen species-activatable manganese dioxide containing nanoparticle system functionalized with anti-amyloid-β antibody (named aAβ-BTRA-NC) developed by our group has shown great promise as a highly selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for early detection and multitargeted disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further evaluate the suitability of the formulation for future clinical application, we investigated the safety, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetic profile of aAβ-BTRA-NC in a transgenic TgCRND8 mouse AD model, wild type (WT) littermate, and CD-1 mice. Dose-ascending studies demonstrated that aAβ-BTRA-NC was well-tolerated by the animals up to 300 μmol Mn/kg body weight [b.w.], 3 times the efficacious dose for early AD detection without apparent adverse effects; Histopathological, hematological, and biochemical analyses indicated that a single dose of aAβ-BTRA-NC did not cause any toxicity in major organs. Immunotoxicity data showed that aAβ-BTRA-NC was safer than commercially available gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents at an equivalent dose of 100 μmol/kg b.w. of metal ions. Intravenously administered aAβ-BTRA-NC was taken up by main organs with the order of liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen, followed by other organs, and cleared after one day to one week post injection. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the plasma concentration profile of aAβ-BTRA-NC followed a 2-compartmental model with faster clearance in the AD mice than in the WT mice. The results suggest that aAβ-BTRA-NC exhibits a strong safety profile as a nanotheranostic agent which warrants more robust preclinical development for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Yi Li
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elliya Park
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azhar Z Abbasi
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Henderson
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Uetrecht
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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van Veluw SJ, Benveniste H, Bakker ENTP, Carare RO, Greenberg SM, Iliff JJ, Lorthois S, Van Nostrand WE, Petzold GC, Shih AY, van Osch MJP. Is CAA a perivascular brain clearance disease? A discussion of the evidence to date and outlook for future studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:239. [PMID: 38801464 PMCID: PMC11130115 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The brain's network of perivascular channels for clearance of excess fluids and waste plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is the main cause of hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly, the most common vascular comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease and also implicated in adverse events related to anti-amyloid immunotherapy. Remarkably, the mechanisms governing perivascular clearance of soluble amyloid β-a key culprit in CAA-from the brain to draining lymphatics and systemic circulation remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap is critically important to bridge for understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and accelerate development of targeted therapeutics. The authors of this review recently converged their diverse expertise in the field of perivascular physiology to specifically address this problem within the framework of a Leducq Foundation Transatlantic Network of Excellence on Brain Clearance. This review discusses the overarching goal of the consortium and explores the evidence supporting or refuting the role of impaired perivascular clearance in the pathophysiology of CAA with a focus on translating observations from rodents to humans. We also discuss the anatomical features of perivascular channels as well as the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sylvie Lorthois
- Institut de Mécanique Des Fluides de Toulouse, IMFT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zahr NM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:03. [PMID: 38812709 PMCID: PMC11135165 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million. Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia. As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. SEARCH METHODS Databases explored included PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. To accomplish this narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk, the literature covered included clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies. Searches conducted between January 12 and August 1, 2023, included the following terms and combinations: "aging," "alcoholism," "alcohol use disorder (AUD)," "brain," "CNS," "dementia," "Wernicke," "Korsakoff," "Alzheimer," "vascular," "frontotemporal," "Lewy body," "clinical," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "pathology," "autopsy," "postmortem," "histology," "cognitive," "motor," "neuropsychological," "magnetic resonance," "imaging," "PET," "ligand," "degeneration," "atrophy," "translational," "rodent," "rat," "mouse," "model," "amyloid," "neurofibrillary tangles," "α-synuclein," or "presenilin." When relevant, "species" (i.e., "humans" or "other animals") was selected as an additional filter. Review articles were avoided when possible. SEARCH RESULTS The two terms "alcoholism" and "aging" retrieved about 1,350 papers; adding phrases-for example, "postmortem" or "magnetic resonance"-limited the number to fewer than 100 papers. Using the traditional term, "alcoholism" with "dementia" resulted in 876 citations, but using the currently accepted term "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" with "dementia" produced only 87 papers. Similarly, whereas the terms "Alzheimer's" and "alcoholism" yielded 318 results, "Alzheimer's" and "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" returned only 40 citations. As pertinent postmortem pathology papers were published in the 1950s and recent animal models of Alzheimer's disease were created in the early 2000s, articles referenced span the years 1957 to 2024. In total, more than 5,000 articles were considered; about 400 are herein referenced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol misuse accelerates brain aging and contributes to cognitive impairments, including those in the mnemonic domain. The consensus among studies from multiple disciplines, however, is that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer's disease. Key issues to consider include the reversibility of brain damage following abstinence from chronic alcohol misuse compared to the degenerative and progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic presence of protein inclusions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, which are absent in the brains of those with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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7
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Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38462606 PMCID: PMC10926682 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been developed to better elucidate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies for AD. A large portion of effort in the field was focused on developing transgenic (Tg) mouse models through over-expression of genetic mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) patients. Newer generations of mouse models through knock-in (KI)/knock-out (KO) or CRISPR gene editing technologies, have been developed for both familial and sporadic AD risk genes with the hope to more accurately model proteinopathies without over-expression of human AD genes in mouse brains. In this review, we summarized the phenotypes of a few commonly used as well as newly developed mouse models in translational research laboratories including the presence or absence of key pathological features of AD such as amyloid and tau pathology, synaptic and neuronal degeneration as well as cognitive and behavior deficits. In addition, advantages and limitations of these AD mouse models have been elaborated along with discussions of any sex-specific features. More importantly, the omics data from available AD mouse models have been analyzed to categorize molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of human AD brain changes, with the hope to guide future selection of most suitable models for specific research questions to be addressed in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Peng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Science Research Program, Scarsdale High School, New York, NY, 10583, USA
| | - Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), The Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
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8
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Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Prates JAM, Lopes PA. Insights on the Use of Transgenic Mice Models in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2805. [PMID: 38474051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, presents a significant global health challenge with no known cure to date. Central to our understanding of AD pathogenesis is the β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, which underlies drug research and discovery efforts. Despite extensive studies, no animal models of AD have completely validated this hypothesis. Effective AD models are essential for accurately replicating key pathological features of the disease, notably the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological markers are primarily driven by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) genes in familial AD (FAD) and by tau protein mutations for the tangle pathology. Transgenic mice models have been instrumental in AD research, heavily relying on the overexpression of mutated APP genes to simulate disease conditions. However, these models do not entirely replicate the human condition of AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the historical and ongoing research efforts in AD, particularly through the use of transgenic mice models. It is focused on the benefits gathered from these transgenic mice models in understanding β-amyloid toxicity and the broader biological underpinnings of AD. Additionally, the review critically assesses the application of these models in the preclinical testing of new therapeutic interventions, highlighting the gap between animal models and human clinical realities. This analysis underscores the need for refinement in AD research methodologies to bridge this gap and enhance the translational value of preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Morgan DG, Lamb BT. Transgenic amyloid precursor protein mouse models of amyloidosis. Incomplete models for Alzheimer's disease but effective predictors of anti-amyloid therapies. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1459-1464. [PMID: 38085800 PMCID: PMC10916971 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice are models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloidosis, not all of AD. Diffuse, compacted, and vascular deposits in APP mice mimic those found in AD cases. METHODS Most interventional studies in APP mice start treatment early in the process of amyloid deposition, consistent with a prevention treatment regimen. Most clinical trials treat patients with established amyloid deposits in a therapeutic treatment regimen. RESULTS The first treatment to reduce amyloid and cognitive impairment in mice was immunotherapy. The APP mouse models not only predicted efficacy, but presaged the vascular leakage called ARIA. The recent immunotherapy clinical trials that removed amyloid and slowed cognitive decline confirms the utility of these early APP models when used in therapeutic designs. DISCUSSION New mouse models of AD pathologies will add to the research armamentarium, but the early models have accurately predicted responses to amyloid therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, and Alzheimer's AllianceCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsStark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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10
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Moore BD, Ran Y, Goodwin MS, Komatineni K, McFarland KN, Dillon K, Charles C, Ryu D, Liu X, Prokop S, Giasson BI, Golde TE, Levites Y. A C1qTNF3 collagen domain fusion chaperones diverse secreted proteins and anti-Aβ scFvs: Applications for gene therapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101146. [PMID: 38027063 PMCID: PMC10679951 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing production of protein cargoes delivered by gene therapies can improve efficacy by reducing the amount of vector or simply increasing transgene expression levels. We explored the utility of a 126-amino acid collagen domain (CD) derived from the C1qTNF3 protein as a fusion partner to chaperone secreted proteins, extracellular "decoy receptor" domains, and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Fusions to the CD domain result in multimerization and enhanced levels of secretion of numerous fusion proteins while maintaining functionality. Efficient creation of bifunctional proteins using the CD domain is also demonstrated. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector delivery of the CD with a signal peptide resulted in high-level expression with minimal biological impact as assessed by whole-brain transcriptomics. As a proof-of-concept in vivo study, we evaluated three different anti-amyloid Aβ scFvs (anti-Aβ scFvs), alone or expressed as CD fusions, following viral delivery to neonatal CRND8 mice. The CD fusion increased half-life, expression levels, and improved efficacy for amyloid lowering of a weaker binding anti-Aβ scFv. These studies validate the potential utility of this small CD as a fusion partner for secretory cargoes delivered by gene therapy and demonstrate that it is feasible to use this CD fusion to create biotherapeutic molecules with enhanced avidity or bifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marshall S. Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kavitha Komatineni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Charles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Eckman EA, Clausen DM, Solé-Domėnech S, Lee CW, Sinobas-Pereira C, Domalewski RJ, Nichols MR, Pacheco-Quinto J. Nascent Aβ42 Fibrillization in Synaptic Endosomes Precedes Plaque Formation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's-like β-Amyloidosis. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8812-8824. [PMID: 37884349 PMCID: PMC10727180 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1318-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates in synapses may contribute to the profound synaptic loss characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The origin of synaptic Aβ aggregates remains elusive, but loss of endosomal proteostasis may trigger their formation. In this study, we identified the synaptic compartments where Aβ accumulates, and performed a longitudinal analysis of synaptosomes isolated from brains of TgCRND8 APP transgenic mice of either sex. To evaluate the specific contribution of Aβ-degrading protease endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1) to synaptic/endosomal Aβ homeostasis, we analyzed the effect of partial Ece1 KO in brain and complete ECE1 KO in SH-SY5Y cells. Global inhibition of ECE family members was used to further assess their role in preventing synaptic Aβ accumulation. Results showed that, before extracellular amyloid deposition, synapses were burdened with detergent-soluble Aβ monomers, oligomers, and fibrils. Levels of all soluble Aβ species declined thereafter, as Aβ42 turned progressively insoluble and accumulated in Aβ-producing synaptic endosomal vesicles with characteristics of multivesicular bodies. Accordingly, fibrillar Aβ was detected in brain exosomes. ECE-1-deficient mice had significantly increased endogenous synaptosomal Aβ42 levels, and protease inhibitor experiments showed that, in TgCRND8 mice, synaptic Aβ42 became nearly resistant to degradation by ECE-related proteases. Our study supports that Aβ accumulating in synapses is produced locally, within endosomes, and does not require the presence of amyloid plaques. ECE-1 is a determinant factor controlling the accumulation and fibrillization of nascent Aβ in endosomes and, in TgCRND8 mice, Aβ overproduction causes rapid loss of Aβ42 solubility that curtails ECE-mediated degradation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Deposition of aggregated Aβ in extracellular plaques is a defining feature of AD. Aβ aggregates also accumulate in synapses and may contribute to the profound synaptic loss and cognitive dysfunction typical of the disease. However, it is not clear whether synaptotoxic Aβ is mainly derived from plaques or if it is produced and aggregated locally, within affected synaptic compartments. Filling this knowledge gap is important for the development of an effective treatment for AD, as extracellular and intrasynaptic pools of Aβ may not be equally modulated by immunotherapies or other therapeutic approaches. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that Aβ aggregates building up in synapses are formed locally, within synaptic endosomes, because of disruptions in nascent Aβ proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Eckman
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey 07927
| | - Dana M Clausen
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey 07927
| | | | - Chris W Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey 07927
| | - Cristina Sinobas-Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Ryan J Domalewski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Michael R Nichols
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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12
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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips JL, Iturbe A, Erqiuzi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon KD, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd TB, Afroz KF, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson EC, McFarland K, Levey AL, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Aβ Amyloid Scaffolds the Accumulation of Matrisome and Additional Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568318. [PMID: 38076912 PMCID: PMC10705437 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly significant correlation in brain proteome changes between Alzheimers disease (AD) and CRND8 APP695NL/F transgenic mice. However, integrating protein changes observed in the CRND8 mice with co-expression networks derived from human AD, reveals both conserved and divergent module changes. For the most highly conserved module (M42, matrisome) we find many proteins accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), dystrophic processes, or a combination thereof. Overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), in CRND8 mice brains leads to increased accumulation of A β ; in plaques and in CAA; further, recombinant MDK and PTN enhance A β ; aggregation into amyloid. Multiple M42 proteins, annotated as heparan sulfate binding proteins, bind to fibrillar A β 42 and a non-human amyloid fibril in vitro. Supporting this binding data, MDK and PTN co-accumulate with transthyretin (TTR) amyloid in the heart and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) amyloid in the pancreas. Our findings establish several critical insights. Proteomic changes in modules observed in human AD brains define an A β ; amyloid responsome that is well conserved from mouse model to human. Further, distinct amyloid structures may serve as scaffolds, facilitating the co-accumulation of proteins with signaling functions. We hypothesize that this co-accumulation may contribute to downstream pathological sequalae. Overall, this contextualized understanding of proteomic changes and their interplay with amyloid deposition provides valuable insights into the complexity of AD pathogenesis and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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13
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Li X, Quan M, Wei Y, Wang W, Xu L, Wang Q, Jia J. Critical thinking of Alzheimer's transgenic mouse model: current research and future perspective. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2711-2754. [PMID: 37480469 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic models are useful tools for studying the pathogenesis of and drug development for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD models are constructed usually using overexpression or knock-in of multiple pathogenic gene mutations from familial AD. Each transgenic model has its unique behavioral and pathological features. This review summarizes the research progress of transgenic mouse models, and their progress in the unique mechanism of amyloid-β oligomers, including the first transgenic mouse model built in China based on a single gene mutation (PSEN1 V97L) found in Chinese familial AD. We further summarized the preclinical findings of drugs using the models, and their future application in exploring the upstream mechanisms and multitarget drug development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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14
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Beltran-Lobo P, Hughes MM, Troakes C, Croft CL, Rupawala H, Jutzi D, Ruepp MD, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Perkinton MS, Kassiou M, Golde TE, Hanger DP, Verkhratsky A, Perez-Nievas BG, Noble W. P2X 7R influences tau aggregate burden in human tauopathies and shows distinct signalling in microglia and astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:414-429. [PMID: 37716378 PMCID: PMC10896738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinoceptor P2X7R is a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of P2X7R ameliorates cognitive deficits and reduces pathological tau burden in mice that model aspects of tauopathy, including mice expressing mutant human frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-causing forms of tau. However, disagreements remain over which glial cell types express P2X7R and therefore the mechanism of action is unresolved. Here, we show that P2X7R protein levels increase in human AD post-mortem brain, in agreement with an upregulation of P2RX7 mRNA observed in transcriptome profiles from the AMP-AD consortium. P2X7R protein increases mirror advancing Braak stage and coincide with synapse loss. Using RNAScope we detect P2RX7 mRNA in microglia and astrocytes in human AD brain, including in the vicinity of senile plaques. In cultured microglia, P2X7R activation modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by promoting the formation of active complexes and release of IL-1β. In astrocytes, P2X7R activates NFκB signalling and increases production of the cytokines CCL2, CXCL1 and IL-6 together with the acute phase protein Lcn2. To further explore the role of P2X7R in a disease-relevant context, we expressed wild-type or FTD-causing mutant forms of tau in mouse organotypic brain slice cultures. Inhibition of P2X7R reduces insoluble tau levels without altering soluble tau phosphorylation or synaptic localisation, suggesting a non-cell autonomous role of glial P2X7R on pathological tau aggregation. These findings support further investigations into the cell-type specific effects of P2X7R-targeting therapies in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beltran-Lobo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Martina M Hughes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Cara L Croft
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Huzefa Rupawala
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Daniel Jutzi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Neurology, Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane P Hanger
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Beatriz G Perez-Nievas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK.
| | - Wendy Noble
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; University of Exeter, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.
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15
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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ioannou M, Fella E, Papacharalambous R, Kynigopoulos D, Panayiotou E. Treatment of the CRND8 mouse model for cerebral amyloid angiopathy, exhibited increased levels of neuron specific enolase in brain tissue following long-term treatment with a modified C5a receptor agonist, accompanied by improved cognitive function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:78-84. [PMID: 37454400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is a condition manifesting as amyloid deposits in the cerebral vasculature, eventually leading to microhemorrhage. Here, we have treated the CRND8 mouse model with the C5a agonist (EP67) in order to observe the effects on cerebral amyloidosis, CAA, and hyperphosphorylated tau. EP67 attaches to the C5a receptor on phagocytes and stimulates the engulfment and digestion of fibrillar and prefibrillar amyloid while exhibiting minimal inflammation. Older CRND8 mice and their respective controls were treated with EP67 for a prolonged period of time. Following treatment, the CRND8 mice displayed improved spatial memory, while both amyloid deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation were found to be diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ioannou
- Neuropathology Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Fella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Demos Kynigopoulos
- Neuropathology Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Panayiotou
- Neuropathology Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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17
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Qian XH, Chen SY, Liu XL, Tang HD. ABCA7-Associated Clinical Features and Molecular Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5548-5556. [PMID: 37322288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Genetic factors are thought to account for a large proportion of the overall AD phenotypes. ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is one of the most important risk gene for AD. Multiple forms of ABCA7 variants significantly increase the risk of AD, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, premature termination codon variants, missense variants, variable number tandem repeat, mutations, and alternative splicing. AD patients with ABCA7 variants usually exhibit typical clinical and pathological features of traditional AD with a wide age of onset range. ABCA7 variants can alter ABCA7 protein expression levels and protein structure to affect protein functions such as abnormal lipid metabolism, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, and immune cell function. Specifically, ABCA7 deficiency can cause neuronal apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Second, ABCA7 deficiency can increase Aβ production by upregulating the SREBP2/BACE1 pathway and promoting APP endocytosis. In addition, the ability of microglia to phagocytose and degrade Aβ is destroyed by ABCA7 deficiency, leading to reduced clearance of Aβ. Finally, disturbance of lipid metabolism may also be an important method by which ABCA7 variants influence the incidence rate of AD. In the future, more attention should be given to different ABCA7 variants and ABCA7 targeted therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hang Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Dong Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Lana D, Branca JJV, Delfino G, Giovannini MG, Casamenti F, Nardiello P, Bucciantini M, Stefani M, Zach P, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Nosi D. Morphofunctional Investigation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Non-Reactive Astrocytes Are Involved in Aβ Load and Reactive Astrocytes in Plaque Build-Up. Cells 2023; 12:2258. [PMID: 37759482 PMCID: PMC10526848 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neuroinflammation defines the reactions of astrocytes and microglia to alterations in homeostasis in the diseased central nervous system (CNS), the exacerbation of which contributes to the neurodegenerative effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Local environmental conditions, such as the presence of proinflammatory molecules, mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and local cell-cell interactions, are determinants of glial cell phenotypes. In AD, the load of the cytotoxic/proinflammatory amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a microenvironmental component increasingly growing in the CNS, imposing time-evolving challenges on resident cells. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of the effects produced by this process on astrocytes and microglia, either directly or by interfering in their interactions. Ex vivo confocal analyses of hippocampal sections from the mouse model TgCRND8 at different ages have shown that overproduction of Aβ peptide induced early and time-persistent disassembly of functional astroglial syncytium and promoted a senile phenotype of reactive microglia, hindering Aβ clearance. In the late stages of the disease, these patterns were altered in the presence of Aβ-plaques, surrounded by typically reactive astrocytes and microglia. Morphofunctional characterization of peri-plaque gliosis revealed a direct contribution of astrocytes in plaque buildup that might result in shielding Aβ-peptide cytotoxicity and, as a side effect, in exacerbating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (D.L.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Giovanni Delfino
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (D.L.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Petr Zach
- Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (S.Z.-O.)
- DMSC Imaging Platform, 50134 Florence, Italy
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19
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Ravanelli F, Musazzi L, Barbieri SS, Rovati G, Popoli M, Barbon A, Ieraci A. Differential Epigenetic Changes in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Male and Female SAMP8 Mice: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13084. [PMID: 37685895 PMCID: PMC10488283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The causes of the disease are not well understood, as it involves a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. SAMP8 mice have been proposed as a model for studying late-onset AD, since they show age-related learning and memory deficits as well as several features of AD pathogenesis. Epigenetic changes have been described in SAMP8 mice, although sex differences have never been evaluated. Here we used western blot and qPCR analyses to investigate whether epigenetic markers are differentially altered in the dorsal hippocampus, a region important for the regulation of learning and memory, of 9-month-old male and female SAMP8 mice. We found that H3Ac was selectively reduced in male SAMP8 mice compared to male SAMR1 control mice, but not in female mice, whereas H3K27me3 was reduced overall in SAMP8 mice. Moreover, the levels of HDAC2 and JmjD3 were increased, whereas the levels of HDAC4 and Dnmt3a were reduced in SAMP8 mice compared to SAMR1. In addition, levels of HDAC1 were reduced, whereas Utx and Jmjd3 were selectively increased in females compared to males. Although our results are preliminary, they suggest that epigenetic mechanisms in the dorsal hippocampus are differentially regulated in male and female SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ravanelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (G.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (G.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (G.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
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20
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Ulaganathan S, Pitchaimani A. Spontaneous and familial models of Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and advances in preclinical research. Life Sci 2023:121918. [PMID: 37422070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is progressive and irreversible in nature. Even after decades of dedicated research and paradigm-shifting hypotheses of AD etiology, very few well-founded credible improvements have been foreseen in understanding the actual underlying mechanisms involved in the development of the disorder. As for any disease to be well-comprehended, AD also requires optimal modelling strategies, which will then pave way for effective therapeutic interventions. Most of the clinical trials and research towards better treatment of AD fail in translation, due to the inefficacy of explored animal models to mimic the actual AD pathology, precisely. The majority of the existing AD models are developed based on the mutations found in the familial form of AD (fAD) which accounts for less than 5 % of the incidence of AD. Further, the investigations also face more challenges due to the additional complexities and lacunae found in etiology of sporadic form of AD (sAD), which accounts for 95 % of total AD. This review illustrates the gaps found in different models of AD, both sporadic and familial variants with additional focus on recent avenues for accurate simulation of AD pathology using in vitro and chimeric AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapriya Ulaganathan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India.
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21
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Drew VJ, Wang C, Kim T. Progressive sleep disturbance in various transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119810. [PMID: 37273656 PMCID: PMC10235623 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. The relationship between AD and sleep dysfunction has received increased attention over the past decade. The use of genetically engineered mouse models with enhanced production of amyloid beta (Aβ) or hyperphosphorylated tau has played a critical role in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AD. However, their revelations regarding the progression of sleep impairment in AD have been highly dependent on the mouse model used and the specific techniques employed to examine sleep. Here, we discuss the sleep disturbances and general pathology of 15 mouse models of AD. Sleep disturbances covered in this review include changes to NREM and REM sleep duration, bout lengths, bout counts and power spectra. Our aim is to describe in detail the severity and chronology of sleep disturbances within individual mouse models of AD, as well as reveal broader trends of sleep deterioration that are shared among most models. This review also explores a variety of potential mechanisms relating Aβ accumulation and tau neurofibrillary tangles to the progressive deterioration of sleep observed in AD. Lastly, this review offers perspective on how study design might impact our current understanding of sleep disturbances in AD and provides strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Drew
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ten-Blanco M, Flores Á, Cristino L, Pereda-Pérez I, Berrendero F. Targeting the orexin/hypocretin system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: from animal to clinical studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101066. [PMID: 37015302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two different G protein-coupled receptors (OX1R and OX2R). Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system has gained the interest of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different pathological conditions. Considering previous basic science research, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, was the first orexin agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat insomnia. In this review, we discuss and update the main preclinical and human studies involving the orexin system with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This system constitutes a nice example of how basic scientific research driven by curiosity can be the best route to the generation of new and powerful pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ten-Blanco
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Flores
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Gouveia FV, Lea‐Banks H, Aubert I, Lipsman N, Hynynen K, Hamani C. Anesthetic-loaded nanodroplets with focused ultrasound reduces agitation in Alzheimer's mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:507-519. [PMID: 36715553 PMCID: PMC10109287 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation and aggressive behavior. These symptoms increase with disease severity, ranging from 10% in mild cognitive impairment to 50% in patients with moderate-to-severe AD, pose a great risk for self-injury and injury to caregivers, result in high rates of institutionalization and great suffering for patients and families. Current pharmacological therapies have limited efficacy and a high potential for severe side effects. Thus, there is a growing need to develop novel therapeutics tailored to safely and effectively reduce agitation and aggressive behavior in AD. Here, we investigate for the first time the use of focused ultrasound combined with anesthetic-loaded nanodroplets (nanoFUS) targeting the amygdala (key structure in the neurocircuitry of agitation) as a novel minimally invasive tool to modulate local neural activity and reduce agitation and aggressive behavior in the TgCRND8 AD transgenic mice. METHODS Male and female animals were tested in the resident-intruder (i.e., aggressive behavior) and open-field tests (i.e., motor agitation) for baseline measures, followed by treatment with active- or sham-nanoFUS. Behavioral testing was then repeated after treatment. RESULTS Active-nanoFUS neuromodulation reduced aggressive behavior and agitation in male mice, as compared to sham-treated controls. Treatment with active-nanoFUS increased the time male mice spent in social-non-aggressive behaviors. INTERPRETATION Our results show that neuromodulation with active-nanoFUS may be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with special focus on agitation and aggressive behaviors. Further studies are necessary to establish cellular, molecular and long-term behavioral changes following treatment with nanoFUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Biological Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioM5G 1X8Canada
| | - Harriet Lea‐Banks
- Physical Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Biological Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 1A1Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Biological Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Division of NeurosurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5T 1P5Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 1A1Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 1A1Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Biological Sciences PlatformSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
- Division of NeurosurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5T 1P5Canada
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25
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Park E, Li LY, He C, Abbasi AZ, Ahmed T, Foltz WD, O'Flaherty R, Zain M, Bonin RP, Rauth AM, Fraser PE, Henderson JT, Wu XY. Brain-Penetrating and Disease Site-Targeting Manganese Dioxide-Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Remodel Microenvironment of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Multiple Pathological Pathways. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207238. [PMID: 36808713 PMCID: PMC10131868 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Finding effective disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease remains challenging due to an array of factors contributing to the loss of neural function. The current study demonstrates a new strategy, using multitargeted bioactive nanoparticles to modify the brain microenvironment to achieve therapeutic benefits in a well-characterized mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The application of brain-penetrating manganese dioxide nanoparticles significantly reduces hypoxia, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress; ultimately reducing levels of amyloid β plaques within the neocortex. Analyses of molecular biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging-based functional studies indicate that these effects improve microvessel integrity, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral lymphatic clearance of amyloid β. These changes collectively shift the brain microenvironment toward conditions more favorable to continued neural function as demonstrated by improved cognitive function following treatment. Such multimodal disease-modifying treatment may bridge critical gaps in the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliya Park
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Lily Yi Li
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Azhar Z. Abbasi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Warren D. Foltz
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Health Network149 College StTorontoONM5T 1P5Canada
| | - Regan O'Flaherty
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto135 Nassau StTorontoONM5T 1M8Canada
| | - Maham Zain
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Robert P. Bonin
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Toronto101 College StTorontoONM5G 1L7Canada
| | - Paul E. Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto135 Nassau StTorontoONM5T 1M8Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Henderson
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Toronto144 College StTorontoONM5S 3M2Canada
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Chen S, Li J, Meng S, He T, Shi Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Cao H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Gao Y. Microglia and macrophages in the neuro-glia-vascular unit: From identity to functions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106066. [PMID: 36889483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although both are myeloid cells located surrounding cerebral vasculature, vessel-associated microglia (VAM) and perivascular macrophages (PVMs) can be distinguished by their distinct morphologies, signatures and microscopic location. As key component of neuro-glia-vascular unit (NGVU), they play prominent roles in neurovasculature development and pathological process of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including phagocytosis, angiogenesis, vessel damage/protection and blood flow regulation, therefore serving as potential targets for therapeutics of a broad array of CNS diseases. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive overview of heterogeneity of VAM/PVMs, highlight limitations of current understanding in this field, and discuss possible directions of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Poon C, Teikari P, Rachmadi MF, Skibbe H, Hynynen K. A dataset of rodent cerebrovasculature from in vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy imaging. Sci Data 2023; 10:141. [PMID: 36932084 PMCID: PMC10023658 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present MiniVess, the first annotated dataset of rodent cerebrovasculature, acquired using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. MiniVess consists of 70 3D image volumes with segmented ground truths. Segmentations were created using traditional image processing operations, a U-Net, and manual proofreading. Code for image preprocessing steps and the U-Net are provided. Supervised machine learning methods have been widely used for automated image processing of biomedical images. While much emphasis has been placed on the development of new network architectures and loss functions, there has been an increased emphasis on the need for publicly available annotated, or segmented, datasets. Annotated datasets are necessary during model training and validation. In particular, datasets that are collected from different labs are necessary to test the generalizability of models. We hope this dataset will be helpful in testing the reliability of machine learning tools for analyzing biomedical images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Poon
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Platform, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Brain Image Analysis Unit, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Petteri Teikari
- High-Dimensional Neurology Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henrik Skibbe
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Brain Image Analysis Unit, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Platform, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
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JNK Activation Correlates with Cognitive Impairment and Alteration of the Post-Synaptic Element in the 5xFAD AD Mouse Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060904. [PMID: 36980245 PMCID: PMC10047857 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of proteins that, once activated by stress stimuli, can alter neuronal functions and survival. The JNK cascade plays a crucial role in the post-synaptic neuronal compartment by altering its structural organization and leading, at worst, to an overall impairment of neuronal communication. Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic impairment is the first neurodegenerative event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To better elucidate this mechanism, we longitudinally studied 5xFAD mice at three selected time points representative of human AD symptom progression. We tested the mice cognitive performance by using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) in parallel with biochemical evaluations of post-synaptic enriched protein fraction and total cortical parenchyma. We found that 5xFAD mice presented a strong JNK activation at 3.5 months of age in the post-synaptic enriched protein fraction. This JNK activation correlates with a structural alteration of the post-synaptic density area and with memory impairment at this early stage of the disease that progressively declines to cause cell death. These findings pave the way for future studies on JNK as a key player in early neurodegeneration and as an important therapeutic target for the development of new compounds able to tackle synaptic impairment in the early phase of AD pathology.
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Spatial Disorientation Under Dark Conditions Across Development in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 511:53-69. [PMID: 36587866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hippocampal neuropathology and cognitive impairments, including wandering behavior or becoming lost in a familiar environment. Wandering behavior is severe and manifests early in life for people with specific genetic mutations. Genetic mouse models of AD have been developed to characterize the onset and progression of behavioral deficits that represent human behaviors, such as wandering, to test the efficacy of therapeutics. It is not clear if current assessments of mouse models capture the onset of AD or a snapshot of its progression. Sequential analysis of open field behavior provides a robust, quick test to dissociate navigation cues that contribute to spatial disorientation, a feature of wandering. Despite potential utility in evaluating this feature of AD, little work has been reported using animal models of dementia in this task. Thus, we examined the use of different sources of information to maintain spatial orientation at two prodromal ages in female transgenic CRND8 AD (n = 17) and Control mice (n = 16). These mice exhibit amyloid plaques, a hallmark neuropathological feature of AD, that are associated with cognitive dysfunction at ∼three months of age. Spatial disorientation was observed at two months and more severely at four months under dark conditions, but performance was spared when visual environmental cues were available. This study provides documentation of impaired self-movement cue processing in AD mice, establishing the dark open field as a behavioral tool to characterize spatial disorientation associated with AD. These findings may accelerate future assessments of novel therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders.
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Schnöder L, Quan W, Yu Y, Tomic I, Luo Q, Hao W, Peng G, Li D, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22778. [PMID: 36688823 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201512r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, inflammatory activation regulates protein levels of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as well as neurodegeneration; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We constructed APP- and tau-transgenic AD mice with deletion of IKKβ specifically in neurons, and observed that IKKβ deficiency reduced cerebral Aβ and p-tau, and modified inflammatory activation in both AD mice. However, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased apoptosis and maintained synaptic proteins (e.g., PSD-95 and Munc18-1) in the brain and improved cognitive function only in APP-transgenic mice, but not in tau-transgenic mice. Additionally, IKKβ deficiency decreased BACE1 protein and activity in APP-transgenic mouse brain and cultured SH-SY5Y cells. IKKβ deficiency increased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit isoform A, an enzyme dephosphorylating cerebral p-tau, in the brain of tau-transgenic mice. Interestingly, deficiency of IKKβ in neurons enhanced autophagy as indicated by the increased ratio of LC3B-II/I in brains of both APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Thus, IKKβ deficiency in neurons ameliorates AD-associated pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice, perhaps by decreasing Aβ production, increasing p-tau dephosphorylation, and promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of BACE1 and p-tau aggregates in the brain. However, IKKβ deficiency differently protects neurons in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Further studies are needed, particularly in the context of interaction between Aβ and p-tau, before IKKβ/NF-κB can be targeted for AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenlin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Xu QQ, Su ZR, Yang W, Zhong M, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Patchouli alcohol attenuates the cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via modulating neuropathology and gut microbiota through suppressing C/EBPβ/AEP pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36717922 PMCID: PMC9887791 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunctions and behavioral impairments. Patchouli alcohol (PA), isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, exhibits multiple pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of PA against AD using the TgCRND8 transgenic AD mouse model, and to explore the underlying mechanisms targeting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β/asparagine endopeptidase (C/EBPβ/AEP) signaling pathway. METHODS After genotyping to confirm the transgenicity, drug treatments were administered intragastrically once daily to 3-month-old TgCRND8 mice for 4 consecutive months. Several behavioral tests were applied to assess different aspects of neurological functions. Then the brain and colon tissues were harvested for in-depth mechanistic studies. To further verify whether PA exerts anti-AD effects via modulating C/EBPβ/AEP signaling pathway in TgCRND8 mice, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors encoding CEBP/β were bilaterally injected into the hippocampal CA1 region in TgCRND8 mice to overexpress C/EBPβ. Additionally, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was performed to verify the potential role of gut microbiota on the anti-AD effects of PA. RESULTS Our results showed that PA treatment significantly improved activities of daily living (ADL), ameliorated the anxiety-related behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice. PA modulated the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. PA also markedly reduced the levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) 40 and Aβ42, suppressed Aβ plaque burdens, inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation at several sites and relieved neuroinflammation in the brains of TgCRND8 mice. Moreover, PA restored gut dysbiosis and inhibited the activation of the C/EBPβ/AEP signaling pathway in the brain and colon tissues of TgCRND8 mice. Interestingly, PA strikingly alleviated the AD-like pathologies induced by the overexpression of C/EBPβ in TgCRND8 mice. Additionally, the FMT of fecal microbiota from the PA-treated TgCRND8 mice significantly alleviated the cognitive impairments and AD-like pathologies in the germ-free TgCRND8 mice. CONCLUSION All these findings amply demonstrated that PA could ameliorate the cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice via suppressing Aβ plaques deposition, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis through inhibiting the activation of C/EBPβ/AEP pathway, suggesting that PA is a promising naturally occurring chemical worthy of further development into the pharmaceutical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Xu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Wen Yang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Merlo S, Costa L, Chiechio S, Busceti CL, Ciranna L, Santangelo R, Sortino MA, Fornai F, Nicoletti F, Copani A. Increased Heat Pain Tolerance but Hyperalgesia to Tonic Inflammatory Pain in the CRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:77-91. [PMID: 37742639 PMCID: PMC10657672 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology on the experience of pain are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying pain sensory transmission in the transgenic mouse model of AD, CRND8. METHODS We explored AD-related pathology in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of 18-week-old female CRND8 mice. We assessed nociceptive responses to both acute heat stimuli and persistent inflammatory pain in CRND8 mice and non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. In addition, we searched for differences in biochemical correlates of inflammatory pain between CRND8 and non-Tg mice. Finally, we investigated the excitability of dorsal horn noc iceptive neurons in spinal cord slices from CRND8 and non-Tg mice. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of intracellular AD-like pathology in the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglia nociceptive sensory neurons of CRND8 mice. We found that CRND8 mice had a reduced susceptibility to acute noxious heat stimuli and an increased sensitivity to tonic inflammatory pain. Tonic inflammatory pain correlated with a lack of induction of pro-opiomelanocortin in the spinal cord of CRND8 mice as compared to non-Tg mice. Electrophysiological recording in acute spinal cord slice preparations indicated an increased probability of glutamate release at the membrane of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons in CRND8 mice. CONCLUSION This study suggests that an increased thermal tolerance and a facilitation of nociception by peripheral inflammation can coexist in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lara Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Ciranna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Catania Unit, Catania, Italy
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Yang W, Xu QQ, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Sulforaphene, a CDK5 Inhibitor, attenuates cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via reducing Aβ Deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109504. [PMID: 36508924 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions. There are two pathological hallmarks, including accumulation of amyloid plaques composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and deposits of neurofibrillatory tangles (NFT). Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a serine/threonine kinase, plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior. Sulforaphene (SF) has been demonstrated to exert anti-AD activity in AD rat model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cognitive deficits improving effects of SF on in TgCRND8 mice and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS TgCRND8 mice were intragastrically treated with SF (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 4 months from 3-month-old. The cognitive functions were assessed using Morris Water Maze Test. Cultured primary mouse neurons were pre-treated with SF, followed by co-treatment with Aβ1-42 oligomers. CDK5 inhibitor (roscovitine) was used to determine the involvement of CDK5/p25 pathway in the anti-AD effects of SF in primary neurons. RESULTS Our results showed that SF treatment significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice and protected primary mouse neurons against Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity. SF could modulate the expression of Aβ production related markers, and suppress the phosphorylation of tau protein at specific sites in the TgCRND8 mice. In addition, SF enhanced the expressions of synaptic plasticity related markers and CDK5. SF also markedly suppressed the CDK5/p25 activity. CONCLUSIONS SF is a potent CDK5 inhibitor and a potential therapeutic agent for treatment and prevention of AD. Moreover, SF inhibited the overexpression of CDK5 in primary neurons of mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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Gorina YV, Vlasova OL, Bolshakova AV, Salmina AB. Alzheimer’s Disease: a Search for the Best Experimental Models to Decode Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Its Development. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Wang X, Zhou X, Lee J, Furdui CM, Ma T. In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of De Novo Proteome in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1471-1482. [PMID: 36641677 PMCID: PMC10016629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia syndrome in the elderly characterized by synaptic failure and unique brain pathology. De novo protein synthesis is required for the maintenance of memory and synaptic plasticity. Mounting evidence links impaired neuronal protein synthesis capacity and overall protein synthesis deficits to AD pathogenesis. Meanwhile, identities of AD-associated dysregulation of "newly synthesized proteome" remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate de novo proteome alterations in the hippocampus of aged Tg19959 AD model mice. METHODS In this study, we combined the bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) method with the unbiased large-scale proteomic analysis in acute living brain slices (we name it "BONSPEC") to investigate de novo proteome alterations in the hippocampus of Tg19959 AD model mice. We further applied multiple bioinformatics methods to analyze in-depth the proteomics data. RESULTS In total, 1,742 proteins were detected across the 10 samples with the BONSPEC method. After exclusion of those only detected in less than half of the samples in both groups, 1,362 proteins were kept for further analysis. 37 proteins were differentially expressed (based on statistical analysis) between the WT and Tg19959 groups. Among them, 19 proteins were significantly decreased while 18 proteins were significantly increased in the hippocampi of Tg19959 mice compared to WT mice. The results suggest that proteins involved in synaptic function were enriched in de novo proteome of AD mice. CONCLUSION Our study could provide insights into the future investigation into the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying AD and related dementias (ADRDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Yelleswarapu NK, Masino M, Henderson S, Fernandes R, Swain G, Galligan JJ, Xu H. 5xFAD mice do not have myenteric amyloidosis, dysregulation of neuromuscular transmission or gastrointestinal dysmotility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14439. [PMID: 36458522 PMCID: PMC9718934 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function and the gut-brain axis are associated with progression and pathology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Studies in AD animal models show that changes in the gut microbiome and inflammatory markers can contribute to AD development in the central nervous system (CNS). Amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation is a major AD pathology causing synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology of AD in enteric neurons is limited, and whether Aβ accumulation directly disrupts enteric neuron function is unknown. METHODS In 6-month-old 5xFAD (transgenic AD) and wildtype (WT) male and female mice, GI function was assessed by colonic transit in vivo; propulsive motility and GI smooth muscle contractions ex vivo; electrochemical detection of enteric nitric oxide release in vitro, and changes in myenteric neuromuscular transmission using smooth muscle intracellular recordings. Expression of Aβ in the brain and colonic myenteric plexus in these mice was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and ELISA assay. KEY RESULTS At 6 months, 5xFAD mice did not show significant changes in GI motility or synaptic neurotransmission in the small intestine or colon. 5xFAD mice, but not WT mice, showed abundant Aβ accumulation in the brain. Aβ accumulation was undetectable in the colonic myenteric plexus of 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS 5xFAD AD mice are not a robust model to study amyloidosis in the gut as these mice do not mimic myenteric neuronal dysfunction in AD patients with GI dysmotility. An AD animal model with enteric amyloidosis is required for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlene Masino
- The Neuroscience ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Skye Henderson
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Roxanne Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Greg Swain
- The Neuroscience ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - James J. Galligan
- The Neuroscience ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Hui Xu
- The Neuroscience ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Zhang B, Zhao Y, Guo K, Tian H, Wang C, Wang R, Chen Y, Chen X, Zheng H, Gao B, Shen J, Tian W. Macromolecular nanoparticles to attenuate both reactive oxygen species and inflammatory damage for treating Alzheimer's disease. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10459. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bosong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Hui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Cao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada
| | | | - Bingxin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Jieyi Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Weiming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation is a hallmark pathology contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is widely hypothesized to lead to cognitive decline. Decades of research into anti-Aβ immunotherapies provide evidence for increased Aβ clearance from the brain; however, this is frequently accompanied by complicated vascular deficits. This article reviews the history of anti-Aβ immunotherapies and clinical findings and provides recommendations moving forward. RECENT FINDINGS In 20 years of both animal and human studies, anti-Aβ immunotherapies have been a prevalent avenue of reducing hallmark Aβ plaques. In both models and with different anti-Aβ antibody designs, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) indicating severe cerebrovascular compromise have been common and concerning occurrence. ARIA caused by anti-Aβ immunotherapy has been noted since the early 2000s, and the mechanisms driving it are still unknown. Recent approval of aducanumab comes with renewed urgency to consider vascular deficits caused by anti-Aβ immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Foley
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Campisi A, Sposito G, Pellitteri R, Santonocito D, Bisicchia J, Raciti G, Russo C, Nardiello P, Pignatello R, Casamenti F, Puglia C. Effect of Unloaded and Curcumin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Tissue Transglutaminase Isoforms Expression Levels in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101863. [PMID: 36290586 PMCID: PMC9599010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease representing the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is also related to the aberrant amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein deposition in the brain. Since oxidative stress is involved in AD, there is a possible role of antioxidants present in the effected person’s diet. Thus, we assessed the effect of the systemic administration of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to facilitate curcumin (CUR) delivery on TG2 isoform expression levels in Wild Type (WT) and in TgCRND8 (Tg) mice. An experimental model of AD, which expresses two mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes, was used. Behavioral studies were also performed to evaluate the improvement of cognitive performance and memory function induced by all treatments. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Cyclin-D1, and caspase-3 cleavage were evaluated as well. In this research, for the first time, we demonstrated that the systemic administration of SLNs-CUR, both in WT and in Tg mice, allows one to differently modulate TG2 isoforms, which act either on apoptotic pathway activation or on the ability of the protein to repair cellular damage in the brains of Tg mice. In this study, we also suggest that SLNs-CUR could be an innovative tool for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatina Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-0957384070 (A.C.); +39-0957384206 (C.P.); Fax: +39-0957384220 (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Santonocito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Julia Bisicchia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raciti
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-0957384070 (A.C.); +39-0957384206 (C.P.); Fax: +39-0957384220 (A.C.)
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St-Pierre MK, VanderZwaag J, Loewen S, Tremblay MÈ. All roads lead to heterogeneity: The complex involvement of astrocytes and microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:932572. [PMID: 36035256 PMCID: PMC9413962 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.932572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, glial cells have been acknowledged as key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition in which an accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular fibrillar amyloid beta is notably observed in the central nervous system. Genome-wide association studies have shown, both in microglia and astrocytes, an increase in gene variants associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset AD. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, and astrocytes, glial cells crucial for vascular integrity and neuronal support, both agglomerate near amyloid beta plaques and dystrophic neurites where they participate in the elimination of these harmful parenchymal elements. However, their role in AD pathogenesis has been challenging to resolve due to the highly heterogeneous nature of these cell populations, i.e., their molecular, morphological, and ultrastructural diversity, together with their ever-changing responsiveness and functions throughout the pathological course of AD. With the recent expansions in the field of glial heterogeneity through innovative advances in state-of-the-art microscopy and -omics techniques, novel concepts and questions arose, notably pertaining to how the diverse microglial and astrocytic states interact with each other and with the AD hallmarks, and how their concerted efforts/actions impact the progression of the disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and findings on the topic of glial heterogeneity, particularly focusing on the relationships of these cells with AD hallmarks (e.g., amyloid beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, and dystrophic neurites) in murine models of AD pathology and post-mortem brain samples of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Center de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sophia Loewen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Center de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marie-Ève Tremblay,
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Yokoyama M, Kobayashi H, Tatsumi L, Tomita T. Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912995. [PMID: 35799899 PMCID: PMC9254908 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and personality changes, eventually leading to dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which comprise abnormally aggregated β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. To develop preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for AD, it is essential to establish animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we will summarize the advantages and limitations of various mouse models of AD, including transgenic, knock-in, and injection models based on Aβ and tau. We will also discuss other mouse models based on neuroinflammation because recent genetic studies have suggested that microglia are crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Although each mouse model has its advantages and disadvantages, further research on AD pathobiology will lead to the establishment of more accurate mouse models, and accelerate the development of innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taisuke Tomita
- *Correspondence: Taisuke Tomita orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-5943
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Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease: From discovery to clinical relevance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108119. [PMID: 35108575 PMCID: PMC9107516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD brain pathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. One early pathological hallmark is blood-brain barrier dysfunction characterized by barrier leakage and associated with cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. First, we focus on AD animal models and their susceptibility to barrier leakage based on age and genetic background. Second, we re-examine barrier dysfunction in clinical and postmortem studies, summarize changes that lead to barrier leakage in patients and highlight the clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. Third, we summarize signaling mechanisms that link barrier leakage to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Finally, we discuss clinical relevance and potential therapeutic strategies and provide future perspectives on investigating barrier leakage in AD. Identifying mechanistic steps underlying barrier leakage has the potential to unravel new targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies to repair barrier leakage and slow cognitive decline in AD and AD-related dementias.
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43
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Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease for preclinical research. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105361. [PMID: 35618239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Most mouse models for preclinical research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) rely on the overexpression paradigm, in which familial AD (FAD)-related genes linked to amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are overexpressed. Such mice have been used for over two decades as the first-generation transgenic lines for AD, with animals exhibiting AD pathologies along with additional phenotypes, leading to the serious artifacts. To overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the overexpression paradigm, we previously developed second-generation mouse models that incorporate humanized amyloid β (Aβ) sequences and several FAD-related mutations on the mouse endogenous App gene. Such models show AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner. In addition, our group recently generated additional lines of mice harboring multiple mutations without gene overexpression; these third-generation models exhibit an accelerated AD pathology compared to earlier generations. In this review, we describe the development and future prospects of AD mouse models in terms of their scientific properties and therapeutic perspectives in the context of the preclinical study of AD.
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Sanchez-Varo R, Mejias-Ortega M, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Nuñez-Diaz C, Caceres-Palomo L, Vegas-Gomez L, Sanchez-Mejias E, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Leon JA, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Vizuete M, Vitorica J, Baglietto-Vargas D, Gutierrez A. Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5404. [PMID: 35628216 PMCID: PMC9142061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes the most prominent form of dementia among elderly individuals worldwide. Disease modeling using murine transgenic mice was first initiated thanks to the discovery of heritable mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins (PS) genes. However, due to the repeated failure of translational applications from animal models to human patients, along with the recent advances in genetic susceptibility and our current understanding on disease biology, these models have evolved over time in an attempt to better reproduce the complexity of this devastating disease and improve their applicability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about the major pathological elements of human AD (plaques, tauopathy, synaptic damage, neuronal death, neuroinflammation and glial dysfunction), discussing the knowledge that available mouse models have provided about the mechanisms underlying human disease. Moreover, we highlight the pros and cons of current models, and the revolution offered by the concomitant use of transgenic mice and omics technologies that may lead to a more rapid improvement of the present modeling battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Caceres-Palomo
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Vegas-Gomez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
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Koller EJ, Comstock M, Bean JC, Escobedo G, Park KW, Jankowsky JL. Temporal and spatially controlled APP transgene expression using Cre-dependent alleles. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049330. [PMID: 35394029 PMCID: PMC9118045 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of mouse models have been made to study Alzheimer's disease, only a handful allow experimental control over the location or timing of the protein being used to drive pathology. Other fields have used the Cre and the tamoxifen-inducible CreER driver lines to achieve precise spatial and temporal control over gene deletion and transgene expression, yet these tools have not been widely used in studies of neurodegeneration. Here, we describe two strategies for harnessing the wide range of Cre and CreER driver lines to control expression of disease-associated amyloid precursor protein (APP) in modeling Alzheimer's amyloid pathology. We show that CreER-based spatial and temporal control over APP expression can be achieved with existing lines by combining a Cre driver with a tetracycline-transactivator (tTA)-dependent APP responder using a Cre-to-tTA converter line. We then describe a new mouse line that places APP expression under direct control of Cre recombinase using an intervening lox-stop-lox cassette. Mating this allele with a CreER driver allows both spatial and temporal control over APP expression, and with it, amyloid onset. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Comstock
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Bean
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L. Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Xu G, Ulm BS, Howard J, Fromholt SE, Lu Q, Lee BB, Walker A, Borchelt DR, Lewis J. TAPPing into the potential of inducible tau/APP transgenic mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12791. [PMID: 35067965 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our understanding of the pathological interactions between amyloidosis and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease is incomplete. We sought to determine if the relative timing of the amyloidosis and tauopathy is critical for amyloid-enhanced tauopathy. METHODS We crossed an inducible tauopathy model with two β-amyloid models utilising the doxycycline-repressible transgenic system to modulate timing and duration of human tau expression in the context of amyloidosis and then assessed tauopathy, amyloidosis and gliosis. RESULTS We combined inducible rTg4510 tau with APPswe/PS1dE9 [Line 85 (L85)] mice to examine the interactions between Aβ and tauopathy at different stages of amyloidosis. When we initially suppressed mutant human tau expression for 14-15 months and subsequently induced tau expression for 6 months, severe amyloidosis with robust tauopathy resulted in rTg4510/L85 but not rTg4510 mice. When we suppressed mutant tau for 7 months before inducing expression for a subsequent 6 months in another cohort of rTg4510/L85 and rTg4510 mice, only rTg4510/L85 mice displayed robust tauopathy. Lastly, we crossed rTg4510 mice to tet-regulated APPswe/ind [Line 107 (L107)] mice, using doxycycline to initially suppress both transgenes for 1 month before inducing expression for 5 months to model early amyloidosis. In contrast to rTg4510, rTg4510/L107 mice rapidly developed amyloidosis, accompanied by robust tauopathy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that tau misfolding is exacerbated by both newly forming Aβ deposits in younger brain and mature deposits in older brains. Refined use and repurposing of these models provide new tools to explore the intersection of ageing, amyloid and tauopathy and to test interventions to disrupt the amyloid cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Xu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittany S Ulm
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Howard
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan E Fromholt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Benedict Lee
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ariel Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- SantaFe HealthCare Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Aravindraja C, Sakthivel R, Liu X, Goodwin M, Veena P, Godovikova V, Fenno JC, Levites Y, Golde TE, Kesavalu L. Intracerebral but Not Peripheral Infection of Live Porphyromonas gingivalis Exacerbates Alzheimer’s Disease like Amyloid Pathology in APP-TgCRND8 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063328. [PMID: 35328748 PMCID: PMC8954230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of oral microbial dysbiosis on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains controversial. Building off recent studies reporting that various microbes might directly seed or promote amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, we evaluated the effects of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola) and supragingival commensal (Streptococcus gordonii) oral bacterial infection in the APP-transgenic CRND8 (Tg) mice model of AD. We tracked bacterial colonization and dissemination, and monitored effects on gliosis and amyloid deposition. Chronic oral infection did not accelerate Aβ deposition in Tg mice but did induce alveolar bone resorption, IgG immune response, and an intracerebral astrogliosis (GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein). In contrast, intracerebral inoculation of live but not heat-killed P. gingivalis increased Aβ deposition and Iba-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor-1) microgliosis after 8 weeks of bacterial infection but not at 4 days. These data show that there may be differential effects of infectious microbes on glial activation and amyloid deposition depending on the species and route of inoculation, and thereby provide an important framework for future studies. Indeed, these studies demonstrate marked effects on amyloid β deposition only in a fairly non-physiologic setting where live bacteria is injected directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairmandurai Aravindraja
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (R.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Ravi Sakthivel
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (R.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (X.L.); (M.G.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marshall Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (X.L.); (M.G.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Patnam Veena
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (R.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Valentina Godovikova
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.G.); (J.C.F.)
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.G.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (X.L.); (M.G.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (X.L.); (M.G.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: (T.E.G.); (L.K.); Tel.: +1-352-273-9456 (T.E.G.); +1-352-273-6500 (L.K.)
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (R.S.); (P.V.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: (T.E.G.); (L.K.); Tel.: +1-352-273-9456 (T.E.G.); +1-352-273-6500 (L.K.)
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FASTMAP: Open-Source Flexible Atlas Segmentation Tool for Multi-Area Processing of Biological Images. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0325-21.2022. [PMID: 35228311 PMCID: PMC8938980 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0325-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand complex systems, such as the brain, studying the interactions between multiple brain regions is imperative. Such experiments often require delineation of multiple brain regions on microscopic images based on preexisting brain atlases. Experiments examining the relationships of multiple regions across the brain have traditionally relied on manual plotting of regions. This process is very intensive and becomes untenable with a large number of regions of interest (ROIs). To reduce the amount of time required to process multi-region datasets, several tools for atlas registration have been developed; however, these tools are often inflexible to tissue type, only supportive of a limited number of atlases and orientation, require considerable computational expertise, or are only compatible with certain types of microscopy. To address the need for a simple yet extensible atlas registration tool, we have developed FASTMAP, a Flexible Atlas Segmentation Tool for Multi-Area Processing. We demonstrate its ability to register images efficiently and flexibly to custom mouse brain atlas plates, to detect differences in the regional numbers of labels of interest, and to conduct densitometry analyses. This open-source and user-friendly tool will facilitate the atlas registration of diverse tissue types, unconventional atlas organizations, and a variety of tissue preparations.
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Koller EJ, Ibanez KR, Vo Q, McFarland KN, De La Cruz EG, Zobel L, Williams T, Xu G, Ryu D, Patel P, Giasson BI, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Combinatorial model of amyloid β and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12779. [PMID: 34825397 PMCID: PMC8810717 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To illuminate the pathological synergy between Aβ and tau leading to emergence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here, we have performed a comparative neuropathological study utilising three distinctive variants of human tau (WT tau, P301L mutant tau and S320F mutant tau). Previously, in non-transgenic mice, we showed that WT tau or P301L tau does not form NFT while S320F tau can spontaneously aggregate into NFT, allowing us to test the selective vulnerability of these different tau conformations to the presence of Aβ plaques. METHODS We injected recombinant AAV-tau constructs into neonatal APP transgenic TgCRND8 mice or into 3-month-old TgCRND8 mice; both cohorts were aged 3 months post injection. This allowed us to test how different tau variants synergise with soluble forms of Aβ (pre-deposit cohort) or with frank Aβ deposits (post-deposit cohort). RESULTS Expression of WT tau did not produce NFT or altered Aβ in either cohort. In the pre-deposit cohort, S320F tau induced Aβ plaque deposition, neuroinflammation and synaptic abnormalities, suggesting that early tau tangles affect the amyloid cascade. In the post-deposit cohort, contemporaneous expression of S320F tau did not exacerbate amyloid pathology, showing a dichotomy in Aβ-tau synergy based on the nature of Aβ. P301L tau produced NFT-type inclusions in the post-deposit cohort, but not in the pre-deposit cohort, indicating pathological synergy with pre-existing Aβ deposits. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that different tau mutations representing specific folding variants of tau synergise with Aβ to different extents, depending on the presence of cerebral deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristen R Ibanez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lillian Zobel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tristan Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daniel Ryu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Preya Patel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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50
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Kotlarz P, Nino JC, Febo M. Connectomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease using percolation theory. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:213-233. [PMID: 36605889 PMCID: PMC9810282 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that affects a growing worldwide elderly population. Identification of brain functional biomarkers is expected to help determine preclinical stages for targeted mechanistic studies and development of therapeutic interventions to deter disease progression. Connectomic analysis, a graph theory-based methodology used in the analysis of brain-derived connectivity matrices was used in conjunction with percolation theory targeted attack model to investigate the network effects of AD-related amyloid deposition. We used matrices derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging collected on mice with extracellular amyloidosis (TgCRND8 mice, n = 17) and control littermates (n = 17). Global, nodal, spatial, and percolation-based analysis was performed comparing AD and control mice. These data indicate a short-term compensatory response to neurodegeneration in the AD brain via a strongly connected core network with highly vulnerable or disconnected hubs. Targeted attacks demonstrated a greater vulnerability of AD brains to all types of attacks and identified progression models to mimic AD brain functional connectivity through betweenness centrality and collective influence metrics. Furthermore, both spatial analysis and percolation theory identified a key disconnect between the anterior brain of the AD mice to the rest of the brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Kotlarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,* Corresponding Author:
| | - Juan C. Nino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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