1
|
Kumar R, Rottner K, Rao GN. Requirement of Site-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cortactin in Retinal Neovascularization and Vascular Leakage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:366-390. [PMID: 38126170 PMCID: PMC10872470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers the development of abnormal and leaky blood vessels. METHODS A variety of cellular and molecular approaches as well as tissue-specific knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Cttn (cortactin) in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. RESULTS We found that VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulates Cttn phosphorylation at Y421, Y453, and Y470 residues in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we observed that while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 inhibited VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events, suppression of Y421 phosphorylation protected endothelial barrier integrity from disruption by VEGFA. In line with these observations, while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 negated oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization, interference with Y421 phosphorylation prevented VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, while phosphorylation at Y470 was required for its interaction with Arp2/3 and CDC6 facilitating actin polymerization and DNA synthesis, respectively, Cttn phosphorylation at Y421 leads to its dissociation from VE-cadherin, resulting in adherens junction disruption. Furthermore, whereas Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 residue was dependent on Lyn, its phosphorylation at Y421 residue required Syk activation. Accordingly, lentivirus-mediated expression of shRNA targeting Lyn or Syk levels inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The above observations show for the first time that phosphorylation of Cttn is involved in a site-specific manner in the regulation of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. In view of these findings, Cttn could be a novel target for the development of therapeutics against vascular diseases such as retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Godfrey JD, Hejazi D, Du X, Wei C, Rao E, Gomez CM. HER2 c-Terminal Fragments Are Expressed via Internal Translation of the HER2 mRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179549. [PMID: 36076950 PMCID: PMC9455161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2/neu signaling pathway is one of the most frequently mutated in human cancer. Although therapeutics targeting this pathway have good efficacy, cancer cells frequently develop resistance. The HER2 gene encodes the full-length HER2 protein, as well as smaller c-terminal fragments (CTFs), which have been shown to be a cause of resistance. Here, we show that HER2 CTFs, exclusive from the full-length HER2 protein, are generated via internal translation of the full-length HER2 mRNA and identify regions which are required for this mechanism to occur. These regions of the HER2 mRNA may present novel sites for therapeutic intervention via small molecules or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).
Collapse
|
3
|
Hart V, Gautrey H, Kirby J, Tyson-Capper A. HER2 splice variants in breast cancer: investigating their impact on diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4338-4357. [PMID: 33245725 PMCID: PMC7679030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2 receptor occurs in approximately 20% of breast cancer patients. HER2 positivity is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumour phenotypes, which led to rapid progress in HER2 targeted therapeutics and diagnostic testing. Whilst these advances have greatly increased patients' chances of survival, resistance to HER2 targeted therapies, be that intrinsic or acquired, remains a problem. Different forms of the HER2 protein exist within tumours in tandem and can display altered biological activities. Interest in HER2 variants in breast cancer increased when links between resistance to anti-HER2 therapies and a particular variant, Δ16-HER2, were identified. Moreover, the P100 variant potentially reduces the efficacy of the anti-HER2 therapy trastuzumab. Another variant, Herstatin, exhibits 'auto-inhibitory' behaviour. More recently, new HER2 variants have been identified and are currently being assessed for their pro- and anti-cancer properties. It is important when directing the care of patients to consider HER2 variants collectively. This review considers HER2 variants in the context of the tumour environment where multiple variants are co-expressed at altered ratios. This study also provides an up to date account of the landscape of HER2 variants and links this to patterns of resistance against HER2 therapies and treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vic Hart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hannah Gautrey
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Kirby
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alison Tyson-Capper
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan Y, Lai AC, Lin R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chang W, Wu H, Lin Y, Chang W, Wu J, Yu J, Chen Y, Yu AL. GPER-induced signaling is essential for the survival of breast cancer stem cells. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:1674-1685. [PMID: 31340060 PMCID: PMC7003894 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, mediates estrogen-induced proliferation of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. However, its role in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed greater expression of GPER in BCSCs than non-BCSCs of three patient-derived xenografts of ER- /PR+ breast cancers. GPER silencing reduced stemness features of BCSCs as reflected by reduced mammosphere forming capacity in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo with decreased BCSC populations. Comparative phosphoproteomics revealed greater GPER-mediated PKA/BAD signaling in BCSCs. Activation of GPER by its ligands, including tamoxifen (TMX), induced phosphorylation of PKA and BAD-Ser118 to sustain BCSC characteristics. Transfection with a dominant-negative mutant BAD (Ser118Ala) led to reduced cell survival. Taken together, GPER and its downstream signaling play a key role in maintaining the stemness of BCSCs, suggesting that GPER is a potential therapeutic target for eradicating BCSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Tzu Chan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Alan C.‐Y. Lai
- Institute of Biochemical Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ruey‐Jen Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ting Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Wu
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ju Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Ying Chang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Jen‐Chine Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Cherng Yu
- Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California in San DiegoSan DiegoCA
- Genomic Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao Y, Tang X, Cao J, Rong R, Yu Z, Liu Y, Lu Y, Liu X, Han L, Liu J, Zhang J, Xu M, Liu F. The Effect of HER2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Cervical Cancer Susceptibility and Survival in a Chinese Population. J Cancer 2019; 10:378-387. [PMID: 30719131 PMCID: PMC6360301 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CCa) is a multifactorial gynecologic disease worldwide. Effects of HER2 polymorphisms, especially those in exonic region, have been investigated in many gynecologic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the influence of functional HER2 polymorphisms on susceptibility and survival of CCa in a Chinese population. Methods: We genotyped the HER2 exonic polymorphisms by TaqMan in both case-control study (413 CCa patients vs. 396 controls) and survival study (413 CCa patients). Logistic regression and Cox regression were adopted to evaluate the genetic association with the risk and outcomes of CCa, respectively. Results: In the case-control study, there was no significant difference between patients and controls in either HER2 rs1136201 or rs1058808. However, when combined, these two polymorphisms demonstrated a significant hazardous effect for CCa (P = 0.012). Besides, number of variants was also influential (P trend =0.002). In survival analysis, dominant model of rs1136201 and co-dominant modelof rs1058808 were significantly associated with the survival (P = 0.037 and P =0.028). The combination of rs1136201 and rs1058808 also negatively impacted CCa survival (P = 0.009). Cox regression further revealed the significance of the polymorphism combination (β = 0.38, P = 0.025, HR= 1.47, 95%CI = 1.05-2.05). Functional assay of these polymorphisms demonstrated that rs1058808 G allele was associated with stronger expression of HER2 gene. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the combination of HER2 rs1136201and rs1058808 was significantly associated with the susceptibility of CCa. Besides, this combination of polymorphism s also substantially impacted the survival of CCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention andControl, Suzhou 215004, China.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiuwu Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jieqin Cao
- Department Gerontology, Liuhe Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nanjing 211500, China
| | - Rong Rong
- DepartmentofPathology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofNanjingMedicalUniversity, Nanjing 210029,China
| | - Zhengmin Yu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China.,Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention andControl, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention andControl, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China.,Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China.,Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiting Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention andControl, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China.,Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention andControl, Suzhou 215004, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sperinde J, Huang W, Vehtari A, Chenna A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Winslow J, Bono P, Lie YS, Petropoulos CJ, Weidler J, Joensuu H. p95HER2 Methionine 611 Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Is Predictive of Trastuzumab Adjuvant Treatment Benefit in the FinHer Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535130 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Expression of p95HER2 (p95), a truncated form of the HER2 receptor, which lacks the trastuzumab binding site but retains kinase activity, has been reported as a prognostic biomarker for poor outcomes in patients with trastuzumab-treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. The impact of p95 expression on trastuzumab treatment efficacy in early HER2-positive breast cancer is less clear. In the current study, p95 was tested as a predictive marker of trastuzumab treatment benefit in the HER2-positive subset of the FinHer adjuvant phase III trial.Experimental Design: In the FinHer trial, 232 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomized to receive chemotherapy plus 9 weeks of trastuzumab or no trastuzumab treatment. Quantitative p95 protein expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples using the p95 VeraTag assay (Monogram Biosciences), specific for the M611 form of p95. Quantitative HER2 protein expression was measured using the HERmark assay (Monogram Biosciences). Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was used as the primary outcome measure.Results: In the arm receiving chemotherapy only, increasing log10(p95) correlated with shorter DDFS (HR, 2.0; P = 0.02). In the arm receiving chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (N = 95), increasing log10(p95) was not correlated with a shorter DDFS. In a combined analysis of both treatment arms, high breast tumor p95 content was significantly correlated with trastuzumab treatment benefit in multivariate models (interaction P = 0.01).Conclusions: A high p95HER2/HER2 ratio identified patients with metastatic breast cancer with poor outcomes on trastuzumab-based therapies. Further investigation of the p95HER2/HER2 ratio as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3046-52. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Sperinde
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California.
| | - Weidong Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Aki Vehtari
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - John Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Petri Bono
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yolanda S Lie
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Christos J Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jodi Weidler
- Monogram Biosciences, currently Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital & Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bell R, Barraclough R, Vasieva O. Gene Expression Meta-Analysis of Potential Metastatic Breast Cancer Markers. Curr Mol Med 2018; 17:200-210. [PMID: 28782484 PMCID: PMC5748874 DOI: 10.2174/1566524017666170807144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer metastasis is a highly prevalent cause of death for European females. DNA microarray analysis has established that primary tumors, which remain localized, differ in gene expression from those that metastasize. Cross-analysis of these studies allow to revile the differences that may be used as predictive in the disease prognosis and therapy. Objective: The aim of the project was to validate suggested prognostic and therapeutic markers using meta-analysis of data on gene expression in metastatic and primary breast cancer tumors. Method: Data on relative gene expression values from 12 studies on primary breast cancer and breast cancer metastasis were retrieved from Genevestigator (Nebion) database. The results of the data meta-analysis were compared with results of literature mining for suggested metastatic breast cancer markers and vectors and consistency of their reported differential expression. Results: Our analysis suggested that transcriptional expression of the COX2 gene is significantly downregulated in metastatic tissue compared to normal breast tissue, but is not downregulated in primary tumors compared with normal breast tissue and may be used as a differential marker in metastatic breast cancer diagnostics. RRM2 gene expression decreases in metastases when compared to primary breast cancer and could be suggested as a marker to trace breast cancer evolution. Our study also supports MMP1, VCAM1, FZD3, VEGFC, FOXM1 and MUC1 as breast cancer onset markers, as these genes demonstrate significant differential expression in breast neoplasms compared with normal breast tissue. Conclusion: COX2 and RRM2 are suggested to be prominent markers for breast cancer metastasis. The crosstalk between upstream regulators of genes differentially expressed in primary breast tumors and metastasis also suggests pathways involving p53, ER1, ERB-B2, TNF and WNT, as the most promising regulators that may be considered for new complex drug therapeutic interventions in breast cancer metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
| | - R Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
| | - O Vasieva
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molinie N, Gautreau A. The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer. Physiol Rev 2017; 98:215-238. [PMID: 29212790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched actin networks at the cytosolic surface of different cellular membranes to promote their protrusion, movement, or scission in cell migration and membrane traffic. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of all the direct regulators of the Arp2/3 complex that induce or inhibit the initiation of a branched actin network and that controls the stability of its branched junctions. Our goal is to present recent findings concerning novel inhibitory proteins or the regulation of the actin branched junction and place these in the context of what was previously known to provide a global overview of how the Arp2/3 complex is regulated in human cells. We focus on the human set of Arp2/3 regulators to compare normal Arp2/3 regulation in untransformed cells to the deregulation of the Arp2/3 system observed in patients affected by various cancers. In many cases, these deregulations promote cancer progression and have a direct impact on patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Molinie
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexis Gautreau
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin M, Ma W, An L. Cortactin in cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88232-88243. [PMID: 29152154 PMCID: PMC5675706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin, a substrate of sarcoma (Src) kinases, is an actin-binding protein that is involved in cytoskeletal regulation, and is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. Binding to the actin related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex stimulates cortactin activity, which promotes F-actin nucleation and assembly. Cortactin promotes cancer cell migration and invasion, and plays a pivotal role in invadopodia formation and extra cellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of cortactin, by amplification of the chromosomal band 11q13, increases tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we report on the current knowledge and potential mechanisms of action of cortactin as a critical mediator of cancer cell migration and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liguo An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elizalde PV, Cordo Russo RI, Chervo MF, Schillaci R. ErbB-2 nuclear function in breast cancer growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T243-T257. [PMID: 27765799 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15-20% of breast cancers (BC) show either membrane overexpression of ErbB-2 (MErbB-2), a member of the ErbBs family of receptor tyrosine kinases, or ERBB2 gene amplification. Until the development of MErbB-2-targeted therapies, this BC subtype, called ErbB-2-positive, was associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Although these therapies have significantly improved overall survival and cure rates, resistance to available drugs is still a major clinical issue. In its classical mechanism, MErbB-2 activates downstream signaling cascades, which transduce its effects in BC. The fact that ErbB-2 is also present in the nucleus of BC cells was discovered over twenty years ago. Also, compelling evidence revealed a non-canonical function of nuclear ErbB-2 as a transcriptional regulator. As a deeper understanding of nuclear ErbB-2 actions would be crucial to the disclosure of its role as a biomarker and a target of therapy in BC, we will here review its function in BC, in particular, its role in growth, metastatic spreading and response to currently available MErbB-2-positive BC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía I Cordo Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Chervo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chevalier C, Collin G, Descamps S, Touaitahuata H, Simon V, Reymond N, Fernandez L, Milhiet PE, Georget V, Urbach S, Lasorsa L, Orsetti B, Boissière-Michot F, Lopez-Crapez E, Theillet C, Roche S, Benistant C. TOM1L1 drives membrane delivery of MT1-MMP to promote ERBB2-induced breast cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10765. [PMID: 26899482 PMCID: PMC4764922 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 overexpression in human breast cancer leads to invasive carcinoma but the mechanism is not clearly understood. Here we report that TOM1L1 is co-amplified with ERBB2 and defines a subgroup of HER2+/ER+ tumours with early metastatic relapse. TOM1L1 encodes a GAT domain-containing trafficking protein and is a SRC substrate that negatively regulates tyrosine kinase signalling. We demonstrate that TOM1L1 upregulation enhances the invasiveness of ERBB2-transformed cells. This pro-tumoural function does not involve SRC, but implicates membrane-bound membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP)-dependent activation of invadopodia, membrane protrusions specialized in extracellular matrix degradation. Mechanistically, ERBB2 elicits the indirect phosphorylation of TOM1L1 on Ser321. The phosphorylation event promotes GAT-dependent association of TOM1L1 with the sorting protein TOLLIP and trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP from endocytic compartments to invadopodia for tumour cell invasion. Collectively, these results show that TOM1L1 is an important element of an ERBB2-driven proteolytic invasive programme and that TOM1L1 amplification potentially enhances the metastatic progression of ERBB2-positive breast cancers. ERBB2 overexpression in human breast cancer leads to invasion and metastasis. Here the authors report that ERBB2 induces indirect phosphorylation of TOM1L1 that promotes trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to invadopodia, which leads to tumour cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chevalier
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Collin
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Descamps
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Heiani Touaitahuata
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Simon
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lasorsa
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM U896, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM U896, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM)-Val d'Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM)-Val d'Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM U896, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Roche
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Benistant
- Montpellier University, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen MK, Hung MC. Proteolytic cleavage, trafficking, and functions of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:3693-721. [PMID: 26096795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization has been reported for over three-quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non-canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ-secretase cleavage of the full-length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane-bound RTKs (full-length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well-established Rab- or clathrin adaptor protein-coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane-bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane-bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non-canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brix DM, Clemmensen KKB, Kallunki T. When Good Turns Bad: Regulation of Invasion and Metastasis by ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Cells 2014; 3:53-78. [PMID: 24709902 PMCID: PMC3980748 DOI: 10.3390/cells3010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer is strongly linked to an aggressive disease with high potential for invasion and metastasis. In addition to inducing very aggressive, metastatic cancer, ErbB2 activation mediates processes such as increased cancer cell proliferation and survival and is needed for normal physiological activities, such as heart function and development of the nervous system. How does ErbB2 activation make cancer cells invasive and when? Comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms leading to ErbB2-induced malignant processes is necessary for answering these questions. Here we present current knowledge about the invasion-promoting function of ErbB2 and the mechanisms involved in it. Obtaining detailed information about the "bad" behavior of ErbB2 can facilitate development of novel treatments against ErbB2-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Marie Brix
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
To date, 18 distinct receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are reported to be trafficked from the cell surface to the nucleus in response to ligand binding or heterologous agonist exposure. In most cases, an intracellular domain (ICD) fragment of the receptor is generated at the cell surface and translocated to the nucleus, whereas for a few others the intact receptor is translocated to the nucleus. ICD fragments are generated by several mechanisms, including proteolysis, internal translation initiation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. The most prevalent mechanism is intramembrane cleavage by γ-secretase. In some cases, more than one mechanism has been reported for the nuclear localization of a specific RTK. The generation and use of RTK ICD fragments to directly communicate with the nucleus and influence gene expression parallels the production of ICD fragments by a number of non-RTK cell-surface molecules that also influence cell proliferation. This review will be focused on the individual RTKs and to a lesser extent on other growth-related cell-surface transmembrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
PELO negatively regulates HER receptor signalling and metastasis. Oncogene 2013; 33:1190-7. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
MacGrath SM, Koleske AJ. Cortactin in cell migration and cancer at a glance. J Cell Sci 2013; 125:1621-6. [PMID: 22566665 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.093781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M MacGrath
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kelley LC, Weed SA. Cortactin is a substrate of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) during ligand-induced epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44363. [PMID: 22952966 PMCID: PMC3431376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization following ligand binding controls EGFR downstream pathway signaling activity. Internalized EGFR is poly-ubiquitinated by Cbl to promote lysosome-mediated degradation and signal downregulation. ACK1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that interacts with ubiquitinated EGFR to facilitate EGFR degradation. Dynamic reorganization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton controlled by the actin related protein (Arp)2/3 complex is important in regulating EGFR endocytosis and vesicle trafficking. How ACK1-mediated EGFR internalization cooperates with Arp2/3-based actin dynamics during EGFR downregulation is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that ACK1 directly binds and phosphorylates the Arp2/3 regulatory protein cortactin, potentially providing a direct link to Arp2/3-based actin dynamics during EGFR degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that the cortactin SH3 domain is responsible for binding to ACK1. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that ACK1 phosphorylates cortactin on key tyrosine residues that create docking sites for adaptor proteins responsible for enhancing Arp2/3 nucleation. Analysis with phosphorylation-specific antibodies determined that EGFR-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation is diminished coincident with EGFR degradation, whereas ERK1/2 cortactin phosphorylation utilized in promoting activation of the Arp2/3 regulator N-WASp is sustained during EGFR downregulation. Cortactin and ACK1 localize to internalized vesicles containing EGF bound to EGFR visualized by confocal microscopy. RNA interference and rescue studies indicate that ACK1 and the cortactin SH3 domain are essential for ligand-mediated EGFR internalization. Conclusions/Significance Cortactin is a direct binding partner and novel substrate of ACK1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by ACK1 creates an additional means to amplify Arp2/3 dynamics through N-WASp activation, potentially contributing to the overall necessary tensile and/or propulsive forces utilized during EGFR endocytic internalization and trafficking involved in receptor degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Kelley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ward TM, Iorns E, Liu X, Hoe N, Kim P, Singh S, Dean S, Jegg AM, Gallas M, Rodriguez C, Lippman M, Landgraf R, Pegram MD. Truncated p110 ERBB2 induces mammary epithelial cell migration, invasion and orthotopic xenograft formation, and is associated with loss of phosphorylated STAT5. Oncogene 2012; 32:2463-74. [PMID: 22751112 PMCID: PMC3655379 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Truncated-ERBB2 isoforms (t-ERBB2s), resulting from receptor proteolysis or alternative translation of the ERBB2 mRNA, exist in a subset of human breast tumors. t-ERBB2s lack the receptor extracellular domain targeted by therapeutic anti-ERBB2 antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates, including trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 and pertuzumab. In clinical studies, expression of t-ERBB2 in breast tumors correlates with metastasis as well as trastuzumab resistance. By using a novel immuno-microarray method, we detect a significant t-ERBB2 fraction in 18 of 31 (58%) of immunohistochemistry (IHC)3+ ERBB2+ human tumor specimens, and further show that t-ERBB2 isoforms are phosphorylated in a subset of IHC3+ samples (10 of 31, 32%). We investigated t-ERBB2 biological activity via engineered expression of full-length and truncated ERBB2 isoforms in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), including HMEC and MCF10A cells. Expression of p110 t-ERBB2, but not p95m (m=membrane, also 648CTF) or intracellular ERBB2s, significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion in multiple cell types. In addition, only expression of the p110 isoform led to human breast epithelial cell (HMLE) xenograft formation in vivo. Expression of t-ERBB2s did not result in hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide kinase-3/AKT or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in these cells; rather, phosphoproteomic array profiling revealed attenuation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in p110-t-ERBB2-expressing cells compared to controls. Short hairpin-mediated silencing of STAT5 phenocopied p110-t-ERBB2-driven cell migration and invasion, while expression of constitutively active STAT5 reversed these effects. Thus, we provide novel evidence that (1) expression of p110 t-ERBB2 is sufficient for full transformation of HMEC, yielding in vivo xenograft formation, and (2) truncated p110 t-ERBB2 expression is associated with decreased phosphorylation of STAT5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Ward
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsé C, Gauchez AS, Jacot W, Lamy PJ. HER2 shedding and serum HER2 extracellular domain: Biology and clinical utility in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
20
|
Quesnelle KM, Grandis JR. Dual kinase inhibition of EGFR and HER2 overcomes resistance to cetuximab in a novel in vivo model of acquired cetuximab resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5935-44. [PMID: 21791633 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquired resistance to cetuximab, a chimeric epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibody, is a widespread problem in the treatment of solid tumors. The paucity of preclinical models has limited investigations to determine the mechanism of acquired therapeutic resistance, thereby limiting the development of effective treatments. The purpose of this study was to generate cetuximab-resistant tumors in vivo to characterize mechanisms of acquired resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated cetuximab-resistant clones from a cetuximab-sensitive bladder cancer cell line in vivo by exposing cetuximab-sensitive xenografts to increasing concentrations of cetuximab, followed by validation of the resistant phenotype in vivo and in vitro using invasion assays. A candidate-based approach was used to examine the role of HER2 on mediating cetuximab resistance both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We generated a novel model of cetuximab resistance, and, for the first time in the context of EGFR-inhibitor resistance, we identified increased phosphorylation of a C-terminal fragment of HER2 (611-CTF) in cetuximab-resistant cells. Afatinib (BIBW-2992), an irreversible kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR and HER2, successfully inhibited growth of the cetuximab-resistant cells in vitro. When afatinib was combined with cetuximab in vivo, we observed an additive growth inhibitory effect in cetuximab-resistant xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the use of dual EGFR-HER2 kinase inhibitors can enhance responses to cetuximab, perhaps in part due to downregulation of 611-CTF. This study conducted in a novel in vivo model provides a mechanistic rationale for ongoing phase I clinical trials using this combination treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Quesnelle
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ambrosio EP, Rosa FE, Domingues MAC, Villacis RAR, Coudry RDA, Tagliarini JV, Soares FA, Kowalski LP, Rogatto SR. Cortactin is associated with perineural invasion in the deep invasive front area of laryngeal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1221-9. [PMID: 21419472 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cortactin gene, mapped at 11q13, has been associated with an aggressive clinical course in many cancers because of its function of invasiveness. This study evaluated CTTN protein and its prognostic value in the deep invasive front and superficial areas of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The transcript expression levels were evaluated in a subset of cases. Overexpression of CTTN cytoplasmatic protein (80% of cases in both the deep invasive front and superficial areas) and transcript (30% of samples) was detected in a significant number of cases. In more than 20% of cases, observation verified membrane immunostaining in the deep invasive front and superficial areas. Perineural invasion was significantly associated with N stage and recurrence (P = .0058 and P = .0037, respectively). Higher protein expression levels were correlated with perineural invasion (P = .004) in deep invasive front cells, suggesting that this area should be considered a prognostic tool in laryngeal carcinomas. Although most cases had moderate to strong CTTN expression on the tumor surface, 2 sets of cases revealed a differential expression pattern in the deep invasive front. A group of cases with absent to weak expression of CTTN in the deep invasive front showed good prognosis parameters, and a second group with moderate to strong expression of CTTN were associated with an unfavorable prognosis, suggesting an association with worse outcome. Taken together, these results suggest that the deep invasive front might be considered a grading system in laryngeal carcinomas and that cortactin is a putative marker of worse outcome in the deep invasive front of laryngeal carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Papa Ambrosio
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen G, Huang H, Zhang A, Zhao T, Hu S, Cheng L, Liu J, Xiao W, Ling B, Wu Q, Song L, Wei W. In vivo activity of novel anti-ErbB2 antibody chA21 alone and with Paclitaxel or Trastuzumab in breast and ovarian cancer xenograft models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:339-48. [PMID: 21086124 PMCID: PMC11029528 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It was well studied that ErbB2 (HER2/p185(her2/neu)) overexpression in human malignant cancers correlates with poor prognosis and chemo-resistance. Although Trastuzumab (Herceptin) has been widely used in patients with ErbB2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, many patients either do not respond to Trastuzumab therapy or progress within 1 year of initiating Trastuzumab treatment. Previously, we reported a novel tumor-inhibitory antibody chA21, which recognized ErbB2 extracellular domain with an epitope distinct from other tumor-inhibitory anti-ErbB2 antibodies. Here, we report that chA21 combined with Paclitaxel or Trastuzumab significantly enhances the tumor-inhibition effects on ErbB2-overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer in xenograft mice. Moreover, the study reveals that the effects by chA21 to cause an enhanced inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis was highly associated with the intrinsic ability of chA21 to down-regulate ErbB2 receptor, inhibit downstream MAPK and PI3K-AKT signal transduction and activate natural killer cells. Our findings show that chA21 may represent a unique anti-ErbB2 antibody with potentials as therapeutic candidate alone or combination with other anti-ErbB2 reagents in cancer therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Shen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 China
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Biological Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Anli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Biological Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liansheng Cheng
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 China
- Biological Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A subtype of HER2-positive tumors with distinct biological and clinical features expresses a series of carboxy-terminal fragments collectively known as p95HER2. One of these fragments, named 100- to 115-kDa p95HER2 or 611-CTF, is hyperactive because of its ability to form homodimers maintained by intermolecular disulfide bonds. Despite lacking the majority of the extracellular domain, this HER2 fragment drives breast cancer progression in vivo. The recent availability of specific anti-p95 antibodies has confirmed previous results indicating that the expression of p95HER2 is predictive of poor prognosis and correlates with resistance to the treatment with trastuzumab, a therapeutic antibody directed against the extracellular domain of HER2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Arribas
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kelley LC, Hayes KE, Ammer AG, Martin KH, Weed SA. Cortactin phosphorylated by ERK1/2 localizes to sites of dynamic actin regulation and is required for carcinoma lamellipodia persistence. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13847. [PMID: 21079800 PMCID: PMC2973953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cell motility and invasion is governed by dynamic regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The actin-binding protein cortactin is commonly upregulated in multiple cancer types and is associated with increased cell migration. Cortactin regulates actin nucleation through the actin related protein (Arp)2/3 complex and stabilizes the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of S405 and S418 by extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. ERK1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the Arp2/3 regulator neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report we have developed phosphorylation-specific antibodies against phosphorylated cortactin S405 and S418 to analyze the subcellular localization of this cortactin form in tumor cells and patient samples by microscopy. We evaluated the interplay between cortactin S405 and S418 phosphorylation with cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation in regulating cortactin conformational forms by Western blotting. Cortactin is simultaneously phosphorylated at S405/418 and Y421 in tumor cells, and through the use of point mutant constructs we determined that serine and tyrosine phosphorylation events lack any co-dependency. Expression of S405/418 phosphorylation-null constructs impaired carcinoma motility and adhesion, and also inhibited lamellipodia persistence monitored by live cell imaging. Conclusions/Significance Cortactin phosphorylated at S405/418 is localized to sites of dynamic actin assembly in tumor cells. Concurrent phosphorylation of cortactin by ERK1/2 and tyrosine kinases enables cells with the ability to regulate actin dynamics through N-WASp and other effector proteins by synchronizing upstream regulatory pathways, confirming cortactin as an important integration point in actin-based signal transduction. Reduced lamellipodia persistence in cells with S405/418A expression identifies an essential motility-based process reliant on ERK1/2 signaling, providing additional understanding as to how this pathway impacts tumor cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Kelley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hayes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gatesman Ammer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karen H. Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parra-Palau JL, Pedersen K, Peg V, Scaltriti M, Angelini PD, Escorihuela M, Mancilla S, Sánchez Pla A, Ramón Y Cajal S, Baselga J, Arribas J. A major role of p95/611-CTF, a carboxy-terminal fragment of HER2, in the down-modulation of the estrogen receptor in HER2-positive breast cancers. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8537-46. [PMID: 20978202 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current classification of breast cancers depends in great part on the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor, and estrogen receptor (ER), the nuclear receptor for estrogen. In addition to reliable biomarkers, these receptors are targets of effective and widely used antitumor drugs. During malignant progression, HER2 and ER can establish an intricate cross-talk. In some cases, HER2 overexpression leads to the downregulation of ER and undermining of anti-ER therapies. A subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients with poor prognosis expresses a heterogeneous collection of HER2 carboxy-terminal fragments (CTF) collectively known as p95HER2. One of these fragments, 611-CTF, is oncogenic in a variety of preclinical models. However, because of the lack of an appropriate tool to specifically analyze its levels in the clinical setting, the value of 611-CTF as a biomarker has not been established yet. Here, we show that 611-CTF induces resistance to antiestrogen therapy and a more pronounced down-modulation of ER than that induced by full-length HER2. To validate this effect in breast cancer samples, we developed specific anti-611-CTF antibodies. With these antibodies, we showed that, whereas the frequency of ER positivity in HER2-positive/611-CTF-negative tumors (72.6%) is similar to that reported for HER2-negative tumors (70-80%), the number of ER-positive tumors in the 611-CTF-positive subgroup is very low (31.2%). These results reveal a mechanism of ER regulation mediated by HER2, which suggests a new strategy to improve responses to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Lluís Parra-Palau
- Statistics Department, Faculty of Biology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|