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Suzuki T, Fujihira H. NGLY1: A fascinating, multifunctional molecule. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130379. [PMID: 37951368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
NGLY1, a cytoplasmic de-N-glycosylating enzyme is well conserved among eukaryotes. This enzyme has attracted considerable attention after mutations on the NGLY1 gene were found to cause a rare genetic disorder called NGLY1 deficiency. Recent explosive progress in NGLY1 research has revealed multi-functional aspects of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Manole A, Wong T, Rhee A, Novak S, Chin SM, Tsimring K, Paucar A, Williams A, Newmeyer TF, Schafer ST, Rosh I, Kaushik S, Hoffman R, Chen S, Wang G, Snyder M, Cuervo AM, Andrade L, Manor U, Lee K, Jones JR, Stern S, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. NGLY1 mutations cause protein aggregation in human neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113466. [PMID: 38039131 PMCID: PMC10826878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the gene that encodes the enzyme N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) cause a rare disease with multi-symptomatic features including developmental delay, intellectual disability, neuropathy, and seizures. NGLY1's activity in human neural cells is currently not well understood. To understand how NGLY1 gene loss leads to the specific phenotypes of NGLY1 deficiency, we employed direct conversion of NGLY1 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to functional cortical neurons. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional studies of iPSC-derived neurons lacking NGLY1 function revealed several major cellular processes that were altered, including protein aggregate-clearing functionality, mitochondrial homeostasis, and synaptic dysfunctions. These phenotypes were rescued by introduction of a functional NGLY1 gene and were observed in iPSC-derived mature neurons but not astrocytes. Finally, laser capture microscopy followed by mass spectrometry provided detailed characterization of the composition of protein aggregates specific to NGLY1-deficient neurons. Future studies will harness this knowledge for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Wong
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amanda Rhee
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sammy Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shao-Ming Chin
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katya Tsimring
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andres Paucar
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Williams
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Traci Fang Newmeyer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rene Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Songjie Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guangwen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leo Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Grace Science Foundation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mamun MAA, Maruyama JI. Fungal transglutaminase domain-containing proteins are involved in hyphal protection at the septal pore against wounding. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar127. [PMID: 37756125 PMCID: PMC10848947 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TG) is a ubiquitous enzyme that crosslinks substrates. In humans, TG participates in blood clotting and wound healing. However, the functions related to the cellular protection of microbial TG are unknown. In filamentous fungi, we previously identified SppB, which contains the transglutaminase core (TGc) domain and functions in hyphal protection at the septal pore upon wounding. Here, we further analyzed the cytokinesis-related protein Cyk3 and peptide N-glycanase Png1, as both contain the TGc domain. All three proteins exhibited functional importance in wound-related hyphal protection at the septal pore. Upon wounding, SppB and AoPng1 accumulated at the septal pore, whereas AoCyk3 and AoPng1 normally localized around the septal pore. The putative Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad of SppB is conserved with the human TGc domain-containing kyphoscoliosis peptidase. Catalytic triad disruptive mutants of SppB and AoCyk3 exhibited septal pore plugging defects. Similar to other TGs, SppB underwent wound-induced truncation of the N-terminal region. Notably, TG activity was detected in vivo at the septal pore of wounded hyphae using a fluorescent-labeled substrate; however, the activity was inhibited by the TG inhibitor cystamine. Our study suggests a conserved role for TGc domain-containing proteins in wound-related protection in fungi, similar to that in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdulla Al Mamun
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jun-ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Miao X, Wu J, Chen H, Lu G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Structure and Function of Peptide:N-Glycanase 1 and Relationship with Congenital Disorder of Deglycosylation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091690. [PMID: 35565658 PMCID: PMC9102325 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic PNGase (peptide:N-glycanase), also known as peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase, is a well-conserved deglycosylation enzyme (EC 3.5.1.52) which catalyzes the non-lysosomal hydrolysis of an N(4)-(acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyl) asparagine residue (Asn, N) into a N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyl-amine and a peptide containing an aspartate residue (Asp, D). This enzyme (NGLY1) plays an essential role in the clearance of misfolded or unassembled glycoproteins through a process named ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Accumulating evidence also points out that NGLY1 deficiency can cause an autosomal recessive (AR) human genetic disorder associated with abnormal development and congenital disorder of deglycosylation. In addition, the loss of NGLY1 can affect multiple cellular pathways, including but not limited to NFE2L1 pathway, Creb1/Atf1-AQP pathway, BMP pathway, AMPK pathway, and SLC12A2 ion transporter, which might be the underlying reasons for a constellation of clinical phenotypes of NGLY1 deficiency. The current comprehensive review uncovers the NGLY1’ssdetailed structure and its important roles for participation in ERAD, involvement in CDDG and potential treatment for NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Miao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan New District, Nanchang 330036, China;
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Department of Pathology, Deyang People’s Hospital, No. 173 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China;
- Deyang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research, No. 173 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-188-0147-4087 (G.L.)
| | - Guanting Lu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Department of Pathology, Deyang People’s Hospital, No. 173 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China;
- Deyang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research, No. 173 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-188-0147-4087 (G.L.)
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Hirayama H, Suzuki T. Assay for the peptide:N-glycanase/NGLY1 and disease-specific biomarkers for diagnosing NGLY1 deficiency. J Biochem 2021; 171:169-176. [PMID: 34791337 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1 in mammals), a highly conserved enzyme in eukaryotes, catalyzes the deglycosylation of N-glycans that are attached to glycopeptide/glycoproteins. In 2012, an autosomal recessive disorder related to the NGLY1 gene, which was referred to as NGLY1 deficiency, was reported. Since then, more than 100 patients have been identified. Patients with this disease exhibit various symptoms, including various motor deficits and other neurological problems. Effective therapeutic treatments for this disease, however, have not been established. Most recently, it was demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular administration of an adeno-associated virus 9 vector expressing human NGLY1 during the weaning period allowed some motor functions to be recovered in Ngly1-/- rats. This observation led us to hypothesize that a therapeutic intervention for improving these motor deficits or other neurological symptoms found in the patients might be possible. To achieve this, it is critical to establish robust and facile methods for assaying NGLY1 activity in biological samples, for the early diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of NGLY1 deficiency. In this mini-review, we summarize progress made in the development of various assay methods for NGLY1 activity, as well as a recent progress in the identification of NGLY1 deficiency-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa, Japan
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Asahina M, Fujinawa R, Nakamura S, Yokoyama K, Tozawa R, Suzuki T. Ngly1 -/- rats develop neurodegenerative phenotypes and pathological abnormalities in their peripheral and central nervous systems. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1635-1647. [PMID: 32259258 PMCID: PMC7322575 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency, an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the NGLY1 gene, is characterized by developmental delay, hypolacrima or alacrima, seizure, intellectual disability, movement disorders and other neurological phenotypes. Because of few animal models that recapitulate these clinical signatures, the mechanisms of the onset of the disease and its progression are poorly understood, and the development of therapies is hindered. In this study, we generated the systemic Ngly1-deficient rodent model, Ngly1−/− rats, which showed developmental delay, movement disorder, somatosensory impairment and scoliosis. These phenotypes in Ngly1−/− rats are consistent with symptoms in human patients. In accordance with the pivotal role played by NGLY1 in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation processes, cleaving N-glycans from misfolded glycoproteins in the cytosol before they can be degraded by the proteasome, loss of Ngly1 led to accumulation of cytoplasmic ubiquitinated proteins, a marker of misfolded proteins in the neurons of the central nervous system of Ngly1−/− rats. Histological analysis identified prominent pathological abnormalities, including necrotic lesions, mineralization, intra- and extracellular eosinophilic bodies, astrogliosis, microgliosis and significant loss of mature neurons in the thalamic lateral and the medial parts of the ventral posterior nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus of Ngly1−/− rats. Axonal degradation in the sciatic nerves was also observed, as in human subjects. Ngly1−/− rats, which mimic the symptoms of human patients, will be a useful animal model for preclinical testing of therapeutic options and understanding the detailed mechanisms of NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Asahina
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa 2518555, Japan.,T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Kanagawa 2518555, Japan
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa 2518555, Japan.,Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nakamura
- Nonclinical Safety Research, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners Inc., Kanagawa 2510012, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokoyama
- Nonclinical Safety Research, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners Inc., Kanagawa 2510012, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa 2518555, Japan.,T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Kanagawa 2518555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Kanagawa 2518555, Japan.,Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 3510198, Japan
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Asahina M, Fujinawa R, Hirayama H, Tozawa R, Kajii Y, Suzuki T. Reversibility of motor dysfunction in the rat model of NGLY1 deficiency. Mol Brain 2021; 14:91. [PMID: 34120625 PMCID: PMC8201687 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypolacrima or alacrima, seizure, intellectual disability, motor deficits, and other neurological symptoms. The underlying mechanisms of the NGLY1 phenotype are poorly understood, and no effective therapy is currently available. Similar to human patients, the rat model of NGLY1 deficiency, Ngly1-/-, shows developmental delay, movement disorder, somatosensory impairment, scoliosis, and learning disability. Here we show that single intracerebroventricular administration of AAV9 expressing human NGLY1 cDNA (AAV9-hNGLY1) to Ngly1-/- rats during the weaning period restored NGLY1 expression in the brain and spinal cord, concomitant with increased enzymatic activity of NGLY1 in the brain. hNGLY1 protein expressed by AAV9 was found predominantly in mature neurons, but not in glial cells, of Ngly1-/- rats. Strikingly, intracerebroventricular administration of AAV9-hNGLY1 normalized the motor phenotypes of Ngly1-/- rats assessed by the rota-rod test and gait analysis. The reversibility of motor deficits in Ngly1-/- rats by central nervous system (CNS)-restricted gene delivery suggests that the CNS is the primary therapeutic target organs for NGLY1 deficiency, and that the Ngly1-/- rat model may be useful for evaluating therapeutic treatments in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Asahina
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kajii
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 2518555, Japan.
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ASAHINA M, FUJINAWA R, FUJIHIRA H, MASAHARA-NEGISHI Y, ANDOU T, TOZAWA R, SUZUKI T. JF1/B6F1 Ngly1 -/- mouse as an isogenic animal model of NGLY1 deficiency. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:89-102. [PMID: 33563880 PMCID: PMC7897899 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency is a congenital disorder caused by mutations in the NGLY1 gene. Because systemic Ngly1-/- mice with a C57BL/6 (B6) background are embryonically lethal, studies on the mechanism of NGLY1 deficiency using mice have been problematic. In this study, B6-Ngly1-/+ mice were crossed with Japanese wild mice-originated Japanese fancy mouse 1 (JF1) mice to produce viable F2 Ngly1-/- mice from (JF1×B6)F1 Ngly1-/+ mice. Systemic Ngly1-/- mice with a JF1 mouse background were also embryonically lethal. Hybrid F1 Ngly1-/- (JF1/B6F1) mice, however, showed developmental delay and motor dysfunction, similar to that in human patients. JF1/B6F1 Ngly1-/- mice showed increased levels of plasma and urinary aspartylglycosamine, a potential biomarker for NGLY1 deficiency. JF1/B6F1 Ngly1-/- mice are a useful isogenic animal model for the preclinical testing of therapeutic options and understanding the precise pathogenic mechanisms responsible for NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto ASAHINA
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- T-CiRA Discovery, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reiko FUJINAWA
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko FUJIHIRA
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki MASAHARA-NEGISHI
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro ANDOU
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi TOZAWA
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- T-CiRA Discovery, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi SUZUKI
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Abstract
Folding of proteins is essential so that they can exert their functions. For proteins that transit the secretory pathway, folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and various chaperone systems assist in acquiring their correct folding/subunit formation. N-glycosylation is one of the most conserved posttranslational modification for proteins, and in eukaryotes it occurs in the ER. Consequently, eukaryotic cells have developed various systems that utilize N-glycans to dictate and assist protein folding, or if they consistently fail to fold properly, to destroy proteins for quality control and the maintenance of homeostasis of proteins in the ER.
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N-Glycanase 1 Transcriptionally Regulates Aquaporins Independent of Its Enzymatic Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4620-4631.e4. [PMID: 31875565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pathogenic mutations in NGLY1 cannot make tears and have global developmental delay and liver dysfunction. Traditionally, NGLY1 cleaves intact N-glycans from misfolded, retrotranslocated glycoproteins before proteasomal degradation. We demonstrate that Ngly1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NGLY1 knockout human cells, and patient fibroblasts are resistant to hypotonic lysis. Ngly1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts swell slower and have reduced aquaporin1 mRNA and protein expression. Ngly1 knockdown and overexpression confirms that Ngly1 regulates aquaporin1 and hypotonic cell lysis. Patient fibroblasts and NGLY1 knockout cells show reduced aquaporin11 mRNA, supporting NGLY1 as regulating expression of multiple aquaporins across species. Complementing Ngly1-deficient cells with catalytically inactive NGLY1 (p.Cys309Ala) restores normal hypotonic lysis and aquaporin1 protein. We show that transcription factors Atf1/Creb1 regulate aquaporin1 and that the Atf1/Creb1 signaling pathway is disrupted in Ngly1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results identify a non-enzymatic, regulatory function of NGLY1 in aquaporin transcription, possibly related to alacrima and neurological symptoms.
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Peng Y, Wang L, Gao Y, Ye L, Xu H, Li S, Jiang J, Li G, Dang X. Identification and characterization of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cicadae genome. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:274-287. [PMID: 31961710 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal chitinases play essential roles in chitin degradation, cell wall remodeling, chitin recycling, nutrition acquisition, autolysis, and virulence. In this study, 18 genes of the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family were identified in the Isaria cicadae genome. Seventeen of the genes belonged to chitinases and one was an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). According to phylogenetic analysis, the 17 chitinases were designated as subgroups A (7 chitinases), B (7), and C (3). The exon-intron organizations of these genes were analyzed. The conserved regions DxxDxDxE and S/AxGG and the domains CBM1, CBM18, and CBM50 were detected in I. cicadae chitinases and ENGase. The results of analysis of expression patterns showed that genes ICchiA1, ICchiA6, ICchiB1, and ICchiB4 had high transcript levels in the different growth conditions or developmental stages. Subgroup A chitinase genes had higher transcript levels than the genes of all other chitinases. Subgroup B chitinase genes (except ICchiB7) presented higher transcript levels in chitin medium compared with other conditions. ICchiC2 and ICchiC3 were mainly transcribed in autolysis medium and in blastospores, respectively. Moreover, ICchiB1 presented higher transcript levels than genes of other chitinases. This work provides an overview of the GH18 chitinases and ENGase in I. cicadae and provides a context for the chitinolytic potential, functions, and biological controls of these enzymes of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Peng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjiao Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Dang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
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12
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Novel NGLY1 gene variants in Chinese children with global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, hypertransaminasemia, alacrimia, and feeding difficulty. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:387-396. [PMID: 31965062 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NGLY1 deficiency is the first and only autosomal recessive congenital disorder of N-linked deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG). To date, no patients with NGLY1 deficiency has been reported from mainland China or East Asia in English literature. Here, we present six patients with a diagnosis of NGLY1-CDDG on the basis of clinical phenotype, genetic testing, and functional studies. We retrospectively analyzed clinical phenotypes and NGLY1 genotypes of six cases from four families. Informed consent was obtained for diagnosis and treatment. In-silico tools and in vitro enzyme activity assays were used to determine pathogenicity of NGLY1 varaints. All patients had typical features of NGLY1-CDDG, including global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, hypertransaminasemia, alacrimia, and feeding difficulty. Dysmorphic features found in our patients include flat nasal bridge, loose and hollow cheeks, short stature, malnutrition, and ptosis. Pachylosis could be a novel cutaneous feature that may be explained by lack of sweat. We found three novel variants, including one missense (c.982C > G/p.Arg328Gly), one splice site (c.1003+3A > G), and one frame-shift (c.1637-1652delCATCTTTTGCTTATAT/p.Ser546PhefsTer) variant. All mutations were predicted to be disease causing with in-silico prediction tools, and affected at least one feature of gene splicing. Protein modeling showed missense variants may affect covalent bonding within the protein structure, or interrupt active/binding amino-acid residues. In vitro studies indicated that proteins carrying missense variants (p.Arg328Gly and p.Tyr342Cys) lost the enzyme activity. We expanded clinical phenotype and genetic mutation spectrum of NGLY1-CDDG by reporting six cases, three novel variants, and novel clinical features from mainland China.
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13
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Zolekar A, Lin VJT, Mishra NM, Ho YY, Hayatshahi HS, Parab A, Sampat R, Liao X, Hoffmann P, Liu J, Emmitte KA, Wang YC. Stress and interferon signalling-mediated apoptosis contributes to pleiotropic anticancer responses induced by targeting NGLY1. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1538-1551. [PMID: 30385822 PMCID: PMC6288164 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although NGLY1 is known as a pivotal enzyme that catalyses the deglycosylation of denatured glycoproteins, information regarding the responses of human cancer and normal cells to NGLY1 suppression is limited. Methods We examined how NGLY1 expression affects viability, tumour growth, and responses to therapeutic agents in melanoma cells and an animal model. Molecular mechanisms contributing to NGLY1 suppression-induced anticancer responses were revealed by systems biology and chemical biology studies. Using computational and medicinal chemistry-assisted approaches, we established novel NGLY1-inhibitory small molecules. Results Compared with normal cells, NGLY1 was upregulated in melanoma cell lines and patient tumours. NGLY1 knockdown caused melanoma cell death and tumour growth retardation. Targeting NGLY1 induced pleiotropic responses, predominantly stress signalling-associated apoptosis and cytokine surges, which synergise with the anti-melanoma activity of chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents. Pharmacological and molecular biology tools that inactivate NGLY1 elicited highly similar responses in melanoma cells. Unlike normal cells, melanoma cells presented distinct responses and high vulnerability to NGLY1 suppression. Conclusion Our work demonstrated the significance of NGLY1 in melanoma cells, provided mechanistic insights into how NGLY1 inactivation leads to eradication of melanoma with limited impact on normal cells, and suggested that targeting NGLY1 represents a novel anti-melanoma strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Zolekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Victor J T Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nigam M Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yin Ying Ho
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hamed S Hayatshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Parab
- Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Rohit Sampat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Deglycosylating enzymes acting on N- glycans in fungi: Insights from a genome survey. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2551-2558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang L, Ten Hagen KG. Enzymatic insights into an inherited genetic disorder. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28910263 PMCID: PMC5599233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in an enzyme involved in protein degradation affect a signaling pathway that stimulates the development of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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16
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Fujihira H, Masahara-Negishi Y, Tamura M, Huang C, Harada Y, Wakana S, Takakura D, Kawasaki N, Taniguchi N, Kondoh G, Yamashita T, Funakoshi Y, Suzuki T. Lethality of mice bearing a knockout of the Ngly1-gene is partially rescued by the additional deletion of the Engase gene. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006696. [PMID: 28426790 PMCID: PMC5398483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (Ngly1 in mammals) is a de-N-glycosylating enzyme that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. It was recently reported that subjects harboring mutations in the NGLY1 gene exhibited severe systemic symptoms (NGLY1-deficiency). While the enzyme obviously has a critical role in mammals, its precise function remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed Ngly1-deficient mice and found that they are embryonic lethal in C57BL/6 background. Surprisingly, the additional deletion of the gene encoding endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Engase), which is another de-N-glycosylating enzyme but leaves a single GlcNAc at glycosylated Asn residues, resulted in the partial rescue of the lethality of the Ngly1-deficient mice. Additionally, we also found that a change in the genetic background of C57BL/6 mice, produced by crossing the mice with an outbred mouse strain (ICR) could partially rescue the embryonic lethality of Ngly1-deficient mice. Viable Ngly1-deficient mice in a C57BL/6 and ICR mixed background, however, showed a very severe phenotype reminiscent of the symptoms of NGLY1-deficiency subjects. Again, many of those defects were strongly suppressed by the additional deletion of Engase in the C57BL/6 and ICR mixed background. The defects observed in Ngly1/Engase-deficient mice (C57BL/6 background) and Ngly1-deficient mice (C57BL/6 and ICR mixed background) closely resembled some of the symptoms of patients with an NGLY1-deficiency. These observations strongly suggest that the Ngly1- or Ngly1/Engase-deficient mice could serve as a valuable animal model for studies related to the pathogenesis of the NGLY1-deficiency, and that cytoplasmic ENGase represents one of the potential therapeutic targets for this genetic disorder. Ngly1 is a cytoplasmic de-N-glycosylating enzyme that is ubiquitously found in eukaryotes. This enzyme is involved in a process referred to as endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), one of the quality control mechanisms for newly synthesized proteins. A genetic disorder, NGLY1-deficiency, caused by mutations in the NGLY1 gene has recently been discovered. However, the precise mechanism for the pathogenesis of this devastating disease continues to remain unclear. We report herein that Ngly1-deficient mice are embryonically lethal in a C57BL/6 background. Surprisingly, the lethality was suppressed by crossing the mice with an outbred mouse strain (ICR), suggesting that the phenotypic consequence of Ngly1 is greatly influenced by their genetic background. In both cases, the additional deletion of Engase in Ngly1-deficient mice could strongly mitigate the phenotypes. Interestingly, the remaining defects in Ngly1-deficient or Ngly1/Engase-deficient mice were reminiscent of the symptoms of subjects with an NGLY1-deficiency. Our results clearly point to the importance of Ngly1 in mammals and show that the inhibition of ENGase represents an effective therapy for treating an NGLY1-deficiency. Most importantly, the mice described herein could serve as valuable viable model mice for studies related to the pathophysiology of an NGLY1-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fujihira
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Masahara-Negishi
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, BioResourse Center, RIKEN, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, BioResourse Center, RIKEN, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takakura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Funakoshi
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Catabolism of N-glycoproteins in mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and genetic disorders related to the processes. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Lin Z, Wang J, Bao Y, Guo Q, Powell CA, Xu S, Chen B, Zhang M. Deciphering the transcriptomic response of Fusarium verticillioides in relation to nitrogen availability and the development of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29692. [PMID: 27434999 PMCID: PMC4951700 DOI: 10.1038/srep29692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pokkah boeng, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is a serious disease in sugarcane industry. The disease severity is related to the sugarcane genotype as well as environmental considerations, such as nitrogen application. The impact of the nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate, urea, or sodium nitrate) on sugarcane pokkah boeng disease and its pathogen was investigated in planta and fungal growth and sporulation production was measured in vitro. The results showed that ammonium and nitrate were beneficial to fungal mycelium growth, cell densities, and sporulation, which enhanced the disease symptoms of sugarcane pokkah boeng compared to urea fertilization. A total of 1,779 transcripts out of 13,999 annotated genes identified from global transcriptomic analysis were differentially expressed in F. verticillioides CNO-1 grown in the different sources of nitrogen. These were found to be involved in nitrogen metabolism, transport, and assimilation. Many of these genes were also associated with pathogenicity based on the PHI-base database. Several transcription factors were found to be associated with specific biological processes related to nitrogen utilization. Our results further demonstrated that nitrogen availability might play an important role in disease development by increasing fungal cell growth as well as influencing the expression of genes required for successful pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Lin
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Shiqiang Xu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1) - Structure, expression and cellular functions. Gene 2015; 577:1-7. [PMID: 26611529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NGLY1/Ngly1 is a cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase, i.e. de-N-glycosylating enzyme acting on N-glycoproteins in mammals, generating free, unconjugated N-glycans and deglycosylated peptides in which the N-glycosylated asparagine residues are converted to aspartates. This enzyme is known to be involved in the quality control system for the newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this system, misfolded (glyco)proteins are retrotranslocated to the cytosol, where the 26S proteasomes play a central role in degrading the proteins: a process referred to as ER-associated degradation or ERAD in short. PNGase-mediated deglycosylation is believed to facilitate the efficient degradation of some misfolded glycoproteins. Human patients harboring mutations of NGLY1 gene (NGLY1-deficiency) have recently been discovered, clearly indicating the functional importance of this enzyme. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge on NGLY1 and its gene product in mammalian cells.
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20
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Hirayama H, Hosomi A, Suzuki T. Physiological and molecular functions of the cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 41:110-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Hosomi A, Suzuki T. Cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase cleaves N-glycans on a carboxypeptidase Y mutant during ERAD in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:612-9. [PMID: 25497214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is a pathway by which misfolded or improperly assembled proteins in the ER are directed to degradation. The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is a deglycosylating enzyme that cleaves N-glycans from misfolded glycoproteins during the ERAD process. The mutant form of yeast carboxypeptidase Y (CPY*) is an ERAD model substrate that has been extensively studied in yeast. While a delay in the degradation of CPY* in yeast cells lacking the cytoplasmic PNGase (Png1 in yeast) was evident, the in vivo action of PNGase on CPY* has not been detected. METHODS We constructed new ERAD substrates derived from CPY*, bearing epitope tags at both N- and C-termini and examined the degradation intermediates observed in yeast cells with compromised proteasome activity. RESULTS The occurrence of the PNGase-mediated deglycosylation of intact CPY* and its degradation intermediates was evident. A major endoproteolytic reaction on CPY* appears to occur between amino acid 400 and 404. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported herein clearly indicate that PNGase indeed releases N-glycans from CPY* during the ERAD process in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This report implies that the PNGase-mediated deglycosylation during the ERAD process may occur more abundantly than currently envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hosomi
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Institute Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Institute Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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22
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Suzuki T. The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (Ngly1)--basic science encounters a human genetic disorder. J Biochem 2014; 157:23-34. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Tzelepis G, Hosomi A, Hossain TJ, Hirayama H, Dubey M, Jensen DF, Suzuki T, Karlsson M. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosamidases (ENGases) in the fungus Trichoderma atroviride: Possible involvement of the filamentous fungi-specific cytosolic ENGase in the ERAD process. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:256-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Proper actin ring formation and septum constriction requires coordinated regulation of SIN and MOR pathways through the germinal centre kinase MST-1. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004306. [PMID: 24762679 PMCID: PMC3998894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear DBF2p-related (NDR) kinases constitute a functionally conserved protein family of eukaryotic regulators that control cell division and polarity. In fungi, they function as effector kinases of the morphogenesis (MOR) and septation initiation (SIN) networks and are activated by pathway-specific germinal centre (GC) kinases. We characterized a third GC kinase, MST-1, that connects both kinase cascades. Genetic and biochemical interactions with SIN components and life cell imaging identify MST-1 as SIN-associated kinase that functions in parallel with the GC kinase SID-1 to activate the SIN-effector kinase DBF-2. SID-1 and MST-1 are both regulated by the upstream SIN kinase CDC-7, yet in an opposite manner. Aberrant cortical actomyosin rings are formed in Δmst-1, which resulted in mis-positioned septa and irregular spirals, indicating that MST-1-dependent regulation of the SIN is required for proper formation and constriction of the septal actomyosin ring. However, MST-1 also interacts with several components of the MOR network and modulates MOR activity at multiple levels. MST-1 functions as promiscuous enzyme and also activates the MOR effector kinase COT-1 through hydrophobic motif phosphorylation. In addition, MST-1 physically interacts with the MOR kinase POD-6, and dimerization of both proteins inactivates the GC kinase hetero-complex. These data specify an antagonistic relationship between the SIN and MOR during septum formation in the filamentous ascomycete model Neurospora crassa that is, at least in part, coordinated through the GC kinase MST-1. The similarity of the SIN and MOR pathways to the animal Hippo and Ndr pathways, respectively, suggests that intensive cross-communication between distinct NDR kinase modules may also be relevant for the homologous NDR kinases of higher eukaryotes. Cytokinesis is a fundamental cellular process essential for cell proliferation of uni- and multicellular organisms. The molecular pathways that regulate cytokinesis are highly complex and involve a large number of components that form elaborate interactive networks. The fungal septation initiation network (SIN) functions as tripartite kinase cascade that connects cell cycle progression with the control of cell division. Mis-regulation of the homologous Hippo pathway in animals results in excessive proliferation and formation of tumors, underscoring the conservation and importance of these kinase networks. A second morphogenesis (MOR) pathway involves homologous components and is controlling cell polarity in fungi and higher eukaryotes. Here we show that the promiscuous functioning Ste20-related kinase MST-1 has a dual role in regulating SIN and MOR network function. Moreover, SIN and MOR coordination through MST-1 can be achieved in an enzyme-independent manner through hetero-dimerization of germinal centre kinases, providing an additional level for activity regulation of signaling networks that is not dependent on phosphate transfer. Given the functional conservation of NDR kinase signaling modules and their regulation, our work may define general mechanisms by which NDR kinase pathway are coordinated in fungi and higher eukaryotes.
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25
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Chantret I, Couvineau A, Moore S. [Novel deglycosylation-independent roles for peptide N-glycanase]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:47-54. [PMID: 24472459 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary function of peptide N-glycanase (PNGase) is thought to be the deglycosylation of endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) substrates. However, inhibition of PNGase appears to have little effect upon the destruction rate of many ERAD substrates, and recent data demonstrate deglycosylation-independent functions for PNGase. Whatever the roles of PNGase turn out to be, the identification of a patient presenting with PNGase deficiency will advance our understanding of the importance of this multifunctional protein in human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Chantret
- Inserm U773, centre de recherche Bichat Beaujon CRB3, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France - Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, site Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Alain Couvineau
- Inserm U773, centre de recherche Bichat Beaujon CRB3, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France - Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, site Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Stuart Moore
- Inserm U773, centre de recherche Bichat Beaujon CRB3, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France - Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, site Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
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26
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Heilig Y, Schmitt K, Seiler S. Phospho-regulation of the Neurospora crassa septation initiation network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79464. [PMID: 24205386 PMCID: PMC3804505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cell division is essential for growth and development of uni- and multicellular organisms. The fungal septation initiation network (SIN) functions as kinase cascade that connects cell cycle progression with the initiation of cytokinesis. Miss-regulation of the homologous Hippo pathway in animals results in excessive cell proliferation and formation of tumors, underscoring the conservation of both pathways. How SIN proteins interact and transmit signals through the cascade is only beginning to be understood. Moreover, our understanding of septum formation and its regulation in filamentous fungi, which represent the vast majority of the fungal kingdom, is highly fragmentary. We determined that a tripartite kinase cascade, consisting of CDC-7, SID-1 and DBF-2, together with their regulatory subunits CDC-14 and MOB-1, is important for septum formation in the model mold Neurospora crassa. DBF-2 activity and septum formation requires auto-phosphorylation at Ser499 within the activation segment and phosphorylation of Thr671 in the hydrophobic motif by SID-1. Moreover, SID-1-stimulated DBF-2 activity is further enhanced by CDC-7, supporting a stepwise activation mechanism of the tripartite SIN kinase cascade in fungi. However, in contrast to the situation described for unicellular yeasts, the localization of the entire SIN cascade to spindle pole bodies is constitutive and cell cycle independent. Moreover, all SIN proteins except CDC-7 form cortical rings prior to septum initiation and localize to constricting septa. Thus, SIN localization and activity regulation significantly differs in unicellular versus syncytial ascomycete fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Heilig
- Institute for Biology II – Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Seiler
- Institute for Biology II – Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Dettmann A, Heilig Y, Ludwig S, Schmitt K, Illgen J, Fleißner A, Valerius O, Seiler S. HAM-2 and HAM-3 are central for the assembly of the Neurospora STRIPAK complex at the nuclear envelope and regulate nuclear accumulation of the MAP kinase MAK-1 in a MAK-2-dependent manner. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:796-812. [PMID: 24028079 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication and somatic cell fusion are important for fungal colony establishment, multicellular differentiation and have been associated with host colonization and virulence of pathogenic species. By a combination of genetic, biochemical and live cell imaging techniques, we characterized the Neurospora crassa STRIPAK complex that is essential for self-signalling and consists of the six proteins HAM-2/STRIP, HAM-3/striatin, HAM-4/SLMAP, MOB-3/phocein, PPG-1/PP2A-C and PP2A-A. We describe that the core STRIPAK components HAM-2 and HAM-3 are central for the assembly of the complex at the nuclear envelope, while the phosphatase PPG-1 only transiently associates with this central subcomplex. Our data connect the STRIPAK complex with two MAP kinase pathways: (i) nuclear accumulation of the cell wall integrity MAP kinase MAK-1 depends on the functional integrity of the STRIPAK complex at the nuclear envelope, and (ii) phosphorylation of MOB-3 by the MAP kinase MAK-2 impacts the nuclear accumulation of MAK-1. In summary, these data support a model, in which MAK-2-dependent phosphorylation of MOB-3 is part of a MAK-1 import mechanism. Although self-communication remained intact in the absence of nuclear MAK-1 accumulation, supporting the presence of multiple mechanisms that co-ordinate robust intercellular communication, proper fruiting body morphology was dependent on the MAK-2-phosphorylated N-terminus of MOB-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dettmann
- Institute for Biology II - Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Wang L, Suzuki T. Dual functions for cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2C1): its down-regulation causes mitochondria-dependent apoptosis independently of its α-mannosidase activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11887-96. [PMID: 23486476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2C1) trims free oligosaccharides in mammalian cells, and its down-regulation reportedly delays cancer growth by inducing mitotic arrest or apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which Man2C1 down-regulation induces apoptosis is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that silencing of Man2C1 via small hairpin RNAs induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells. Expression of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), a transcription factor critical to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, was significantly up-regulated in Man2C1 knockdown cells. However, this enhanced CHOP expression was not caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, Man2C1 catalytic activity was not required for this regulation of apoptosis; introduction of mutant, enzymatically inactive Man2C1 rescued apoptotic phenotypes of Man2C1 knockdown cells. These results show that Man2C1 has dual functions: one in glycan catabolism and another in apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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The essential phosphoinositide kinase MSS-4 is required for polar hyphal morphogenesis, localizing to sites of growth and cell fusion in Neurospora crassa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51454. [PMID: 23272106 PMCID: PMC3521734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal hyphae and plant pollen tubes are among the most highly polarized cells known and pose extraordinary requirements on their cell polarity machinery. Cellular morphogenesis is driven through the phospholipid-dependent organization at the apical plasma membrane. We characterized the contribution of phosphoinositides (PIs) in hyphal growth of the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora crassa. MSS-4 is an essential gene and its deletion resulted in spherically growing cells that ultimately lyse. Two conditional mss-4-mutants exhibited altered hyphal morphology and aberrant branching at restrictive conditions that were complemented by expression of wild type MSS-4. Recombinant MSS-4 was characterized as a phosphatidylinositolmonophosphate-kinase phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). PtdIns3P was also used as a substrate. Sequencing of two conditional mss-4 alleles identified a single substitution of a highly conserved Y750 to N. The biochemical characterization of recombinant protein variants revealed Y750 as critical for PI4P 5-kinase activity of MSS-4 and of plant PI4P 5-kinases. The conditional growth defects of mss-4 mutants were caused by severely reduced activity of MSS-4(Y750N), enabling the formation of only trace amounts of PtdIns(4,5)P2. In N. crassa hyphae, PtdIns(4,5)P2 localized predominantly in the plasma membrane of hyphae and along septa. Fluorescence-tagged MSS-4 formed a subapical collar at hyphal tips, localized to constricting septa and accumulated at contact points of fusing N. crassa germlings, indicating MSS-4 is responsible for the formation of relevant pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2 that control polar and directional growth and septation. N. crassa MSS-4 differs from yeast, plant and mammalian PI4P 5-kinases by containing additional protein domains. The N-terminal domain of N. crassa MSS-4 was required for correct membrane association. The data presented for N. crassa MSS-4 and its roles in hyphal growth are discussed with a comparative perspective on PI-control of polar tip growth in different organismic kingdoms.
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Functional analysis of glycoside hydrolase family 18 and 20 genes in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:717-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Maddi A, Dettman A, Fu C, Seiler S, Free SJ. WSC-1 and HAM-7 are MAK-1 MAP kinase pathway sensors required for cell wall integrity and hyphal fusion in Neurospora crassa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42374. [PMID: 22879952 PMCID: PMC3411791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of cell wall proteins are encoded in the Neurospora crassa genome. Strains carrying gene deletions of 65 predicted cell wall proteins were characterized. Deletion mutations in two of these genes (wsc-1 and ham-7) have easily identified morphological and inhibitor-based defects. Their phenotypic characterization indicates that HAM-7 and WSC-1 function during cell-to-cell hyphal fusion and in cell wall integrity maintenance, respectively. wsc-1 encodes a transmembrane protein with extensive homology to the yeast Wsc family of sensor proteins. In N. crassa, WSC-1 (and its homolog WSC-2) activates the cell wall integrity MAK-1 MAP kinase pathway. The GPI-anchored cell wall protein HAM-7 is required for cell-to-cell fusion and the sexual stages of the N. crassa life cycle. Like WSC-1, HAM-7 is required for activating MAK-1. A Δwsc-1;Δham-7 double mutant fully phenocopies mutants lacking components of the MAK-1 MAP kinase cascade. The data identify WSC-1 and HAM-7 as the major cell wall sensors that regulate two distinct MAK-1-dependent cellular activities, cell wall integrity and hyphal anastomosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Maddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Dettman
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ci Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephan Seiler
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SS); (SF)
| | - Stephen J. Free
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (SF)
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Richthammer C, Enseleit M, Sanchez-Leon E, März S, Heilig Y, Riquelme M, Seiler S. RHO1 and RHO2 share partially overlapping functions in the regulation of cell wall integrity and hyphal polarity in Neurospora crassa. Mol Microbiol 2012; 85:716-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Identification and characterization of peptide: N-glycanase from Dictyostelium discoideum. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:9. [PMID: 22682495 PMCID: PMC3502110 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Peptide: N- glycanase (PNGase) enzyme cleaves oligosaccharides from the misfolded glycoproteins and prepares them for degradation. This enzyme plays a role in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway in yeast and mice but its biological importance and role in multicellular development remain largely unknown. Results In this study, the PNGase from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum (DdPNGase) was identified based on the presence of a common TG (transglutaminase) core domain and its sequence homology with the known PNGases. The domain architecture and the sequence comparison validated the presence of probable functional domains in DdPNGase. The tertiary structure matched with the mouse PNGase. Here we show that DdPNGase is an essential protein, required for aggregation during multicellular development and a knockout strain of it results in small sized aggregates, all of which did not form fruiting bodies. The in situ hybridization and RT-PCR results show higher level of expression during the aggregate stage. The expression gets restricted to the prestalk region during later developmental stages. DdPNGase is a functional peptide:N-glycanase enzyme possessing deglycosylation activity, but does not possess any significant transamidation activity. Conclusions We have identified and characterized a novel PNGase from D. discoideum and confirmed its deglycosylation activity. The results emphasize the importance of PNGase in aggregation during multicellular development of this organism.
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Masahara-Negishi Y, Hosomi A, Della Mea M, Serafini-Fracassini D, Suzuki T. A plant peptide: N-glycanase orthologue facilitates glycoprotein ER-associated degradation in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1457-62. [PMID: 22659524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is a deglycosylating enzyme involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) process, while ERAD-independent activities are also reported. Previous biochemical analyses indicated that the cytoplasmic PNGase orthologue in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPNG1) can function as not only PNGase but also transglutaminase, while its in vivo function remained unclarified. METHODS AtPNG1 was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its in vivo role on PNGase-dependent ERAD pathway was examined. RESULTS AtPNG1 could facilitate the ERAD through its deglycosylation activity. Moreover, a catalytic mutant of AtPNG1 (AtPNG1(C251A)) was found to significantly impair the ERAD process. This result was found to be N-glycan-dependent, as the AtPNG(C251A) did not affect the stability of the non-glycosylated RTA∆ (ricin A chain non-toxic mutant). Tight interaction between AtPNG1(C251A) and the RTA∆ was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. CONCLUSION The plant PNGase facilitates ERAD through its deglycosylation activity, while the catalytic mutant of AtPNG1 impair glycoprotein ERAD by binding to N-glycans on the ERAD substrates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our studies underscore the functional importance of a plant PNGase orthologue as a deglycosylating enzyme involved in the ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Masahara-Negishi
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Disruption of the Eng18B ENGase gene in the fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride affects growth, conidiation and antagonistic ability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36152. [PMID: 22586463 PMCID: PMC3346758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently identified phylogenetic subgroup B5 of fungal glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes encodes enzymes with mannosyl glycoprotein endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (ENGase)-type activity. Intracellular ENGase activity is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation pathway (ERAD) of misfolded glycoproteins, although the biological relevance in filamentous fungi is not known. Trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasitic fungus that is used for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. The present work is a functional study of the T. atroviride B5-group gene Eng18B, with emphasis on its role in fungal growth and antagonism. A homology model of T. atroviride Eng18B structure predicts a typical glycoside hydrolase family 18 (αβ)8 barrel architecture. Gene expression analysis shows that Eng18B is induced in dual cultures with the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani, although a basal expression is observed in all growth conditions tested. Eng18B disruption strains had significantly reduced growth rates but higher conidiation rates compared to the wild-type strain. However, growth rates on abiotic stress media were significantly higher in Eng18B disruption strains compared to the wild-type strain. No difference in spore germination, germ-tube morphology or in hyphal branching was detected. Disruption strains produced less biomass in liquid cultures than the wild-type strain when grown with chitin as the sole carbon source. In addition, we determined that Eng18B is required for the antagonistic ability of T. atroviride against the grey mould fungus B. cinerea in dual cultures and that this reduction in antagonistic ability is partly connected to a secreted factor. The phenotypes were recovered by re-introduction of an intact Eng18B gene fragment in mutant strains. A putative role of Eng18B ENGase activity in the endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation pathway of endogenous glycoproteins in T. atroviride is discussed in relation to the observed phenotypes.
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López SN, Furlan RLE, Zacchino SA. Detection of antifungal compounds in Polygonum ferrugineum Wedd. extracts by bioassay-guided fractionation. Some evidences of their mode of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:633-6. [PMID: 22001591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum ferrugineum Wedd. (Polygonaceae) is used to heal infected wounds and as antiseptic, antibiotic or antifungal in the traditional Argentinean medicine. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antifungal properties of different extracts of aerial parts of Polygonum ferrugineum, in order to give support to its ethnopharmacological use and to isolate the compounds responsible for the antifungal properties. The most active compounds were tested for their capacity of producing hyphae malformations, similar to those previously observed for crude extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agar Dilution Method (ADM) and Agar Overlay Bioautography (AOB) were used for bioassay-guided fractionation of the aerial part extracts against a panel of human opportunistic pathogenic fungi. The Neurospora crassa assay, followed by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy observation, was used for studies of mechanisms of action. RESULTS MeOH extract and DCM and Hex sub-extracts, but not Aq, EtOAc or BuOH ones possess antifungal activity. Of the seven isolated compounds, cardamonin 2 showed a selective inhibition of Epidermophyton floccosum with a very low MIC (=6.2 μg/mL) and pashanone 1 possessed moderate antifungal activity (MICs=25-50 μg/mL) but a broader spectrum of action. Chalcone 2, but not 1, induced swelling and shortening of the Neurospora crassa hyphae, similar as those caused by the crude DCM extract. CONCLUSIONS The bioassay-guided fractionation of Polygonum ferrugineum DCM extract allowed the isolation of five active compounds. Among them, cardamonin 2 showed the highest antifungal activity and selectivity towards Epidermophyton floccosum; in addition, it induced Neurospora crassa malformations that are similar than those produced by the crude DCM extract. These results give additional support to the ethnopharmacological use of Polygonum ferrugineum as antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N López
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Architecture and development of the Neurospora crassa hypha – a model cell for polarized growth. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:446-74. [PMID: 21640311 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kato A, Wang L, Ishii K, Seino J, Asano N, Suzuki T. Calystegine B3 as a specific inhibitor for cytoplasmic alpha-mannosidase, Man2C1. J Biochem 2011; 149:415-22. [PMID: 21217149 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic α-mannosidase (Man2C1) has been implicated in non-lysosomal catabolism of free oligosaccharides derived from N-linked glycans accumulated in the cytosol. Suppression of Man2C1 expression reportedly induces apoptosis in various cell lines, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Development of a specific inhibitor for Man2C1 is critical to understanding its biological significance. In this study, we identified a plant-derived alkaloid, calystegine B(3), as a potent specific inhibitor for Man2C1 activity. Biochemical enzyme assay revealed that calystegine B(3) was a highly specific inhibitor for Man2C1 among various α-mannosidases prepared from rat liver. Consistent with this in vitro result, an in vivo experiment also showed that treatment of mammalian-derived cultured cells with this compound resulted in drastic change in both structure and quantity of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol, whereas no apparent change was seen in cell-surface oligosaccharides. Calystegine B(3) could thus serve as a potent tool for the development of a highly specific in vivo inhibitor for Man2C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Dieterle MG, Wiest AE, Plamann M, McCluskey K. Characterization of the temperature-sensitive mutations un-7 and png-1 in Neurospora crassa. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10703. [PMID: 20502699 PMCID: PMC2872674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has been studied for over fifty years and many temperature-sensitive mutants have been generated. While most of these have been mapped genetically, many remain anonymous. The mutation in the N. crassa temperature-sensitive lethal mutant un-7 was identified by a complementation based approach as being in the open reading frame designated NCU00651 on linkage group I. Other mutations in this gene have been identified that lead to a temperature-sensitive morphological phenotype called png-1. The mutations underlying un-7 result in a serine to phenylalanine change at position 273 and an isoleucine to valine change at position 390, while the mutation in png-1 was found to result in a serine to leucine change at position 279 although there were other conservative changes in this allele. The overall morphology of the strain carrying the un-7 mutation is compared to strains carrying the png-1 mutation and these mutations are evaluated in the context of other temperature-sensitive mutants in Neurospora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Dieterle
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Pembroke Hill School, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aric E. Wiest
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mike Plamann
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kevin McCluskey
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Funakoshi Y, Negishi Y, Gergen JP, Seino J, Ishii K, Lennarz WJ, Matsuo I, Ito Y, Taniguchi N, Suzuki T. Evidence for an essential deglycosylation-independent activity of PNGase in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10545. [PMID: 20479940 PMCID: PMC2866665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is an enzyme which releases N-linked glycans from glycopeptides/glycoproteins. This enzyme plays a role in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway in yeast and mice, but the biological importance of this activity remains unknown. Principal Findings In this study, we characterized the ortholog of cytoplasmic PNGases, PNGase-like (Pngl), in Drosophila melanogaster. Pngl was found to have a molecular weight of ∼74K and was mainly localized in the cytosol. Pngl lacks a CXXC motif that is critical for enzymatic activity in other species and accordingly did not appear to possess PNGase activity, though it still retains carbohydrate-binding activity. We generated microdeletions in the Pngl locus in order to investigate the functional importance of this protein in vivo. Elimination of Pngl led to a serious developmental delay or arrest during the larval and pupal stages, and surviving mutant adult males and females were frequently sterile. Most importantly, these phenotypes were rescued by ubiquitous expression of Pngl, clearly indicating that those phenotypic consequences were indeed due to the lack of functional Pngl. Interestingly, a putative “catalytic-inactive” mutant could not rescue the growth-delay phenotype, indicating that a biochemical activity of this protein is important for its biological function. Conclusion Pngl was shown to be inevitable for the proper developmental transition and the biochemical properties other than deglycosylation activity is important for its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Funakoshi
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail: (YF); (TS)
| | - Yuki Negishi
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - J. Peter Gergen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and the Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Junichi Seino
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishii
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - William J. Lennarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Glycotrilogy Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Disease Glycomics, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail: (YF); (TS)
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