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Pratap Reddy Gajulapalli V, Lee J, Sohn I. Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Modelling in Search of Novel Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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2
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Chen K, Lv F, Xu G, Zhang M, Wu Y, Wu Z. Phosphoproteomics reveals ALK promote cell progress via RAS/ JNK pathway in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75968-75980. [PMID: 27732954 PMCID: PMC5342791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a promising therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. However, clinical trials reveal that a limited proportion of ALK-positive neuroblastoma patients experience clinical benefits from Crizotinib, a clinically approved specific inhibitor of ALK. The precise molecular mechanisms of aberrant ALK activity in neuroblastoma remain elusive, limiting the clinical application of ALK as a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Here, we describe a deep quantitative phosphoproteomic approach in which Crizotinib-treated neuroblastoma cell lines bearing aberrant ALK are used to investigate downstream regulated phosphoproteins. We identified more than 19,500-and quantitatively analyzed approximately 10,000-phosphorylation sites from each cell line, ultimately detecting 450-790 significantly-regulated phosphorylation sites. Multiple layers of bioinformatic analysis of the significantly-regulated phosphoproteins identified RAS/JNK as a downstream signaling pathway of ALK, independent of the ALK variant present. Further experiments demonstrated that ALK/JNK signaling could be inactivated by either ALK- or JNK-specific inhibitors, resulting in cell growth inhibition by induction of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Our study broadly defines the phosphoproteome in response to ALK inhibition and provides a resource for further clinical investigation of ALK as therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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Novel Mechanisms of ALK Activation Revealed by Analysis of the Y1278S Neuroblastoma Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110149. [PMID: 29084134 PMCID: PMC5704167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mutations have been observed in the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in both germline and sporadic neuroblastoma. Here, we have investigated the Y1278S mutation, observed in four patient cases, and its potential importance in the activation of the full length ALK receptor. Y1278S is located in the 1278-YRASYY-1283 motif of the ALK activation loop, which has previously been reported to be important in the activation of the ALK kinase domain. In this study, we have characterized activation loop mutations within the context of the full length ALK employing cell culture and Drosophila melanogaster model systems. Our results show that the Y1278S mutant observed in patients with neuroblastoma harbors gain-of-function activity. Secondly, we show that the suggested interaction between Y1278 and other amino acids might be of less importance in the activation process of the ALK kinase than previously proposed. Thirdly, of the three individual tyrosines in the 1278-YRASYY-1283 activation loop, we find that Y1283 is the critical tyrosine in the activation process. Taken together, our observations employing different model systems reveal new mechanistic insights on how the full length ALK receptor is activated and highlight differences with earlier described activation mechanisms observed in the NPM-ALK fusion protein, supporting a mechanism of activation more in line with those observed for the Insulin Receptor (InR).
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Tu CH, Lin WH, Peng YH, Hsu T, Wu JS, Chang CY, Lu CT, Lyu PC, Shih C, Jiaang WT, Wu SY. Pyrazolylamine Derivatives Reveal the Conformational Switching between Type I and Type II Binding Modes of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK). J Med Chem 2016; 59:3906-19. [PMID: 27031565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Most anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors adopt a type I binding mode, but only limited type II ALK structural studies are available. Herein, we present the structure of ALK in complex with N1-(3-4-[([5-(tert-butyl)-3-isoxazolyl]aminocarbonyl)amino]-3-methylphenyl-1H-5-pyrazolyl)-4-[(4-methylpiperazino)methyl]benzamide (5a), a novel ALK inhibitor adopting a type II binding mode. It revealed binding of 5a resulted in the conformational change and reposition of the activation loop, αC-helix, and juxtamembrane domain, which are all important domains for the autoinhibition mechanism and downstream signal pathway regulation of ALK. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that modifications to the structure of 5a led to significant differences in the ALK potency and altered the protein structure of ALK. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural biology study to directly observe how changes in the structure of a small molecule can regulate the switch between the type I and type II binding modes and induce dramatic conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Tu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University , 101, Sect. 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsing Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hui Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Sung Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Tai Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University , 101, Sect. 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Weir-Torn Jiaang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Sattu K, Hochgräfe F, Wu J, Umapathy G, Schönherr C, Ruuth K, Chand D, Witek B, Fuchs J, Li PK, Hugosson F, Daly RJ, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Phosphoproteomic analysis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) downstream signaling pathways identifies signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as a functional target of activated ALK in neuroblastoma cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:5269-82. [PMID: 23889739 PMCID: PMC3892176 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase is a key oncogenic mechanism in a growing number of tumor types. In the majority of cases, ALK is activated by fusion with a dimerizing partner protein as a result of chromosomal translocation events, most studied in the case of the nucleophosmin–ALK and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4–ALK oncoproteins. It is now also appreciated that the full-length ALK receptor can be activated by point mutations and by deletions within the extracellular domain, such as those observed in neuroblastoma. Several studies have employed phosphoproteomics approaches to find substrates of ALK fusion proteins. In this study, we used MS-based phosphotyrosine profiling to characterize phosphotyrosine signaling events associated with the full-length ALK receptor. A number of previously identified and novel targets were identified. One of these, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has previously been observed to be activated in response to oncogenic ALK signaling, but the significance of this in signaling from the full-length ALK receptor has not been explored further. We show here that activated ALK robustly activates STAT3 on Tyr705 in a number of independent neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of STAT3 by RNA interference resulted in a reduction in myelocytomatosis neuroblastom (MYCN) protein levels downstream of ALK signaling. These observations, together with a decreased level of MYCN and inhibition of neuroblastoma cell growth in the presence of STAT3 inhibitors, suggest that activation of STAT3 is important for ALK signaling activity in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Sattu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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6
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The expression and oncogenic effects of the embryonic stem cell marker SALL4 in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1955-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pearson JD, Mohammed Z, Bacani JTC, Lai R, Ingham RJ. The heat shock protein-90 co-chaperone, Cyclophilin 40, promotes ALK-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma viability and its expression is regulated by the NPM-ALK oncoprotein. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:229. [PMID: 22681779 PMCID: PMC3407532 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) is a T cell lymphoma defined by the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the ALK tyrosine kinase gene. These translocations generate fusion proteins (e.g. NPM-ALK) with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, which activate numerous signalling pathways important for ALK+ ALCL pathogenesis. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) plays a critical role in allowing NPM-ALK and other signalling proteins to function in this lymphoma. Co-chaperone proteins are important for helping Hsp90 fold proteins and for directing Hsp90 to specific clients; however the importance of co-chaperone proteins in ALK+ ALCL has not been investigated. Our preliminary findings suggested that expression of the immunophilin co-chaperone, Cyclophilin 40 (Cyp40), is up-regulated in ALK+ ALCL by JunB, a transcription factor activated by NPM-ALK signalling. In this study we examined the regulation of the immunophilin family of co-chaperones by NPM-ALK and JunB, and investigated whether the immunophilin co-chaperones promote the viability of ALK+ ALCL cell lines. METHODS NPM-ALK and JunB were knocked-down in ALK+ ALCL cell lines with siRNA, and the effect on the expression of the three immunophilin co-chaperones: Cyp40, FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 51, and FKBP52 examined. Furthermore, the effect of knock-down of the immunophilin co-chaperones, either individually or in combination, on the viability of ALK+ ALCL cell lines and NPM-ALK levels and activity was also examined. RESULTS We found that NPM-ALK promoted the transcription of Cyp40 and FKBP52, but only Cyp40 transcription was promoted by JunB. We also observed reduced viability of ALK+ ALCL cell lines treated with Cyp40 siRNA, but not with siRNAs directed against FKBP52 or FKBP51. Finally, we demonstrate that the decrease in the viability of ALK+ ALCL cell lines treated with Cyp40 siRNA does not appear to be due to a decrease in NPM-ALK levels or the ability of this oncoprotein to signal. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that the expression of immunophilin family co-chaperones is promoted by an oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Moreover, this is the first report establishing an important role for Cyp40 in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Pearson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zubair Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Julinor T C Bacani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Robert J Ingham
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Zhang J, Wang P, Wu F, Li M, Sharon D, Ingham RJ, Hitt M, McMullen TP, Lai R. Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal 2012; 24:852-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Young LC, Bone KM, Wang P, Wu F, Adam BA, Hegazy S, Gelebart P, Holovati J, Li L, Andrew SE, Lai R. Fusion tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK Deregulates MSH2 and suppresses DNA mismatch repair function novel insights into a potent oncoprotein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:411-21. [PMID: 21703420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fusion tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK is central to the pathogenesis of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK(+)ALCL). We recently identified that MSH2, a key DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein integral to the suppression of tumorigenesis, is an NPM-ALK-interacting protein. In this study, we found in vitro evidence that enforced expression of NPM-ALK in HEK293 cells suppressed MMR function. Correlating with these findings, six of nine ALK(+)ALCL tumors displayed evidence of microsatellite instability, as opposed to none of the eight normal DNA control samples (P = 0.007, Student's t-test). Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that increasing levels of NPM-ALK expression in HEK293 cells resulted in decreased levels of MSH6 bound to MSH2, whereas MSH2·NPM-ALK binding was increased. The NPM-ALK·MSH2 interaction was dependent on the activation/autophosphorylation of NPM-ALK, and the Y191 residue of NPM-ALK was a crucial site for this interaction and NPM-ALK-mediated MMR suppression. MSH2 was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated in the presence of NPM-ALK. Finally, NPM-ALK impeded the expected DNA damage-induced translocation of MSH2 out of the cytoplasm. To conclude, our data support a model in which the suppression of MMR by NPM-ALK is attributed to its ability to interfere with normal MSH2 biochemistry and function.
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MESH Headings
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA Mismatch Repair
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Microsatellite Instability
- MutS Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- MutS Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Transport
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Wang P, Wu F, Zhang J, McMullen T, Young LC, Ingham RJ, Li L, Lai R. Serine phosphorylation of NPM-ALK, which is dependent on the auto-activation of the kinase activation loop, contributes to its oncogenic potential. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:146-53. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Crystal structure of the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) catalytic domain. Biochem J 2010; 430:425-37. [PMID: 20632993 DOI: 10.1042/bj20100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) of the IRK (insulin receptor kinase) superfamily, which share an YXXXYY autophosphorylation motif within their A-loops (activation loops). A common activation and regulatory mechanism is believed to exist for members of this superfamily typified by IRK and IGF1RK (insulin-like growth factor receptor kinase-1). Chromosomal translocations involving ALK were first identified in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, where aberrant fusion of the ALK kinase domain with the NPM (nucleophosmin) dimerization domain results in autophosphosphorylation and ligand-independent activation. Activating mutations within the full-length ALK kinase domain, most commonly R1275Q and F1174L, which play a major role in neuroblastoma, were recently identified. To provide a structural framework for understanding these mutations and to guide structure-assisted drug discovery efforts, the X-ray crystal structure of the unphosphorylated ALK catalytic domain was determined in the apo, ADP- and staurosporine-bound forms. The structures reveal a partially inactive protein kinase conformation distinct from, and lacking, many of the negative regulatory features observed in inactive IGF1RK/IRK structures in their unphosphorylated forms. The A-loop adopts an inhibitory pose where a short proximal A-loop helix (alphaAL) packs against the alphaC helix and a novel N-terminal beta-turn motif, whereas the distal portion obstructs part of the predicted peptide-binding region. The structure helps explain the reported unique peptide substrate specificity and the importance of phosphorylation of the first A-loop Tyr1278 for kinase activity and NPM-ALK transforming potential. A single amino acid difference in the ALK substrate peptide binding P-1 site (where the P-site is the phosphoacceptor site) was identified that, in conjunction with A-loop sequence variation including the RAS (Arg-Ala-Ser)-motif, rationalizes the difference in the A-loop tyrosine autophosphorylation preference between ALK and IGF1RK/IRK. Enzymatic analysis of recombinant R1275Q and F1174L ALK mutant catalytic domains confirms the enhanced activity and transforming potential of these mutants. The transforming ability of the full-length ALK mutants in soft agar colony growth assays corroborates these findings. The availability of a three-dimensional structure for ALK will facilitate future structure-function and rational drug design efforts targeting this receptor tyrosine kinase.
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Bossi RT, Saccardo MB, Ardini E, Menichincheri M, Rusconi L, Magnaghi P, Orsini P, Avanzi N, Borgia AL, Nesi M, Bandiera T, Fogliatto G, Bertrand JA. Crystal structures of anaplastic lymphoma kinase in complex with ATP competitive inhibitors. Biochemistry 2010; 49:6813-25. [PMID: 20695522 DOI: 10.1021/bi1005514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of several human cancers and, as a result, is a recognized target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of ALK-positive malignancies. Here, we present the crystal structures of the unphosphorylated human ALK kinase domain in complex with the ATP competitive ligands PHA-E429 and NVP-TAE684. Analysis of these structures provides valuable information concerning the specific characteristics of the ALK active site as well as giving indications about how to obtain selective ALK inhibitors. In addition, the ALK-KD-PHA-E429 structure led to the identification of a potential regulatory mechanism involving a link made between a short helical segment immediately following the DFG motif and an N-terminal two-stranded beta-sheet. Finally, mapping of the activating mutations associated with neuroblastoma onto our structures may explain the roles these residues have in the activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto T Bossi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano (MI), Italy
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Hegazy SA, Wang P, Anand M, Ingham RJ, Gelebart P, Lai R. The tyrosine 343 residue of nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is important for its interaction with SHP1, a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressor functions. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19813-20. [PMID: 20424160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 has been shown to inhibit the oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and loss of SHP1 contributes to NPM-ALK-mediated tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to further understand how SHP1 interacts and regulates NPM-ALK. We employed an in vitro model in which GP293 cells were transfected with various combinations of NPM-ALK (or mutants) and SHP1 (or mutants) expression vectors. We found that SHP1 co-immunoprecipitated with NPM-ALK, but not the enzymatically inactive NPM-ALK(K210R) mutant, or the mutant in which all three functionally important tyrosine residues (namely, Tyr(338), Tyr(342), and Tyr(343)) in the kinase activation loop (KAL) of ALK were mutated. Interestingly, whereas mutation of Tyr(338) or Tyr(342) did not result in any substantial change in the NPM-ALK/SHP1 binding (assessed by co-immunoprecipitation), mutation of Tyr(343) abrogated this interaction. Furthermore, the NPM-ALK/SHP1 binding was readily detectable when each of the remaining 8 tyrosine residues known to be phosphorylated were mutated. Although the expression of SHP1 effectively reduced the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of NPM-ALK, it did not affect that of the NPM-ALK(Y343F) mutant. In soft agar clonogenic assay, SHP1 expression significantly reduced the tumorigenicity of NPM-ALK but not that of NPM-ALK(Y343F). In conclusion, we identified Tyr(343) of NPM-ALK as the crucial site for mediating the NPM-ALK/SHP1 interaction. Our results also support the notion that the tumor suppressor effects of SHP1 on NPM-ALK are dependent on its ability to bind to this oncogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Hegazy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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14
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Wu F, Wang P, Zhang J, Young LC, Lai R, Li L. Studies of phosphoproteomic changes induced by nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) highlight deregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Fas/TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand signaling pathway in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1616-32. [PMID: 20393185 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m000153-mcp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), found exclusively in a subset of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, promotes tumorigenesis by exerting its constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. Thus, characterization of the NPM-ALK-induced changes in the phosphoproteome will likely provide insights into the biology of this oncoprotein. To achieve this goal, we used a strategy of combining sequential affinity purification of phosphopeptides and LC/MS. GP293 cells transfected with either NPM-ALK or an NPM-ALK mutant with decreased tyrosine kinase activity (negative control) were used. We identified 506 phosphoproteins detectable in NPM-ALK-expressing cells but not in the negative control. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these phosphoproteins carry a wide diversity of biological functions, some of which have not been described in association with NPM-ALK, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Fas/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) signaling pathway and the ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway. In particular, modulations of the TNF/Fas/TRAIL pathway by NPM-ALK were supported by our antibody microarray data. Further validation of the TNF/Fas/TRAIL pathway was performed in ALK(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines with knockdown of NPM-ALK using short interference RNA, resulting in the loss of the tyrosine phosphorylation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) and receptor-interacting protein 1, two crucial TNF signaling molecules. Functional analyses revealed that knockdown of TRAP1 facilitated cell death induced by TRAIL or doxorubicin in ALK(+) ALCL cells. This suggests that down-regulation of TRAP1 in combination with TRAIL or doxorubicin might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for ALK(+) ALCL. These findings demonstrated that our strategy allowed the identification of novel proteins downstream of NPM-ALK that contribute to the maintenance of neoplastic phenotype and holds great potential for future studies of cellular tyrosine kinases in normal states and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- double daggerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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15
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Abstract
TAP (tandem affinity purification) allows rapid and clean isolation of a tagged protein along with its interacting partners from cell lysates. Initially developed in yeast, the TAP method has subsequently been adapted to other cells and organisms. In combination with MS analysis, this method has become an indispensable tool for systematic identification of target-associated protein complexes. The key feature of TAP is the use of a dual-affinity tag, which is fused to the protein of interest. The original TAP tag consisted of two IgG-binding units of Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and the calmodulin-binding peptide. As the technique has been widely exploited, a number of alternative TAP tags based on other affinity handles have been developed. The present review gives an overview of the various tag combinations for TAP with a highlight on those alternatives that result in improved yields or unique features. The information provided should assist in the selection and development of TAP tags for specific applications.
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