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Novel Symbiotic Genome-Scale Model Reveals Wolbachia's Arboviral Pathogen Blocking Mechanism in Aedes aegypti. mBio 2021; 12:e0156321. [PMID: 34634928 PMCID: PMC8515829 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01563-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are endosymbiont bacteria known to infect arthropods causing different effects, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility and pathogen blocking in Aedes aegypti. Although several Wolbachia strains have been studied, there is little knowledge regarding the relationship between this bacterium and their hosts, particularly on their obligate endosymbiont nature and its pathogen blocking ability. Motivated by the potential applications on disease control, we developed a genome-scale model of two Wolbachia strains: wMel and the strongest Dengue blocking strain known to date: wMelPop. The obtained metabolic reconstructions exhibit an energy metabolism relying mainly on amino acids and lipid transport to support cell growth that is consistent with altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. The obtained metabolic reconstruction was then coupled with a reconstructed mosquito model to retrieve a symbiotic genome-scale model accounting for 1,636 genes and 6,408 reactions of the Aedes aegypti-Wolbachia interaction system. Simulation of an arboviral infection in the obtained novel symbiotic model represents a metabolic scenario characterized by pathogen blocking in higher titer Wolbachia strains, showing that pathogen blocking by Wolbachia infection is consistent with competition for lipid and amino acid resources between arbovirus and this endosymbiotic bacteria.
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Sterol Carrier Protein Inhibition-Based Control of Mosquito Vectors: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:7240356. [PMID: 31379982 PMCID: PMC6652082 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7240356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the most vital compounds for animals as it is involved in various biological processes and acts as the structural material in the body. However, insects do not have some of the essential enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and this makes them dependent on dietary cholesterol. Thus, the blocking of cholesterol uptake may have detrimental effects on the survival of the insect. Utilizing this character, certain phytochemicals can be used to inhibit mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 (AeSCP-2) activity via competitive binding and proven to have effective insecticidal activities against disease-transmitting mosquitoes and other insect vectors. A range of synthetic compounds, phytochemicals, and synthetic analogs of phytochemicals are found to have AeSCP-2 inhibitory activity. Phytochemicals such as alpha-mangostin can be considered as the most promising group of compounds when considering the minimum environmental impact and availability at a low cost. Once the few limitations such as very low persistence in the environment are addressed successfully, these chemicals may be used as an effective tool for controlling mosquitoes and other disease-transmitting vector populations.
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Lee W, Markley JL. PINE-SPARKY.2 for automated NMR-based protein structure research. Bioinformatics 2019; 34:1586-1588. [PMID: 29281006 PMCID: PMC5925765 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, along with X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy, is one of the three major tools that enable the determination of atomic-level structural models of biological macromolecules. Of these, NMR has the unique ability to follow important processes in solution, including conformational changes, internal dynamics and protein-ligand interactions. As a means for facilitating the handling and analysis of spectra involved in these types of NMR studies, we have developed PINE-SPARKY.2, a software package that integrates and automates discrete tasks that previously required interaction with separate software packages. The graphical user interface of PINE-SPARKY.2 simplifies chemical shift assignment and verification, automated detection of secondary structural elements, predictions of flexibility and hydrophobic cores, and calculation of three-dimensional structural models. Availability and implementation PINE-SPARKY.2 is available in the latest version of NMRFAM-SPARKY from the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison (http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/download_packages.html), the NMRbox Project (https://nmrbox.org) and to subscribers to the SBGrid (https://sbgrid.org). For a detailed description of the program, see http://www.nmrfam.wisc.edu/pine-sparky2.htm. Contact whlee@nmrfam.wisc.edu or markley@nmrfam.wisc.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John L Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Singarapu KK, Ahuja A, Potula PR, Ummanni R. Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Sterol Carrier Protein 2 Like 2 (SCP2L2) Reveal the Insecticide Specific Structural Characteristics of SCP2 Proteins in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4919-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Singarapu
- Center for NMR and Structural Chemistry and §Center for Chemical
Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ashish Ahuja
- Center for NMR and Structural Chemistry and §Center for Chemical
Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Purushotam Reddy Potula
- Center for NMR and Structural Chemistry and §Center for Chemical
Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Center for NMR and Structural Chemistry and §Center for Chemical
Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
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NMR structure and function of Helicoverpa armigera sterol carrier protein-2, an important insecticidal target from the cotton bollworm. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18186. [PMID: 26655641 PMCID: PMC4674756 DOI: 10.1038/srep18186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, has developed strong resistance to many insecticides. Sterol Carrier Protein-2 (SCP-2) is an important non-specific lipid transfer protein in insects and appears to be a potential new target. In order to elucidate the structure and function of Helicoverpa armigera SCP-2 (HaSCP-2), NMR spectroscopy, docking simulations, mutagenesis and bioassays were performed. HaSCP-2 composed of five α-helices and four stranded β-sheets. The folds of α-helices and β-sheets interacted together to form a hydrophobic cavity with putative entrance and exit openings, which served as a tunnel for accommodating and transporting of lipids. Several sterols and fatty acids could interact with HaSCP-2 via important hydrophobic sites, which could be potential targets for insecticides. Mutagenesis experiments indicated Y51, F53, F89, F110, I117 and Q131 may be the key functional sites. HaSCP-2 showed high cholesterol binding activity and SCP-2 inhibitors (SCPIs) could inhibit the biological activity of HaSCP-2. SCPI-treated larvae at young stage showed a significant decrease of cholesterol uptake in vivo. Our study describes for the first time a NMR structure of SCP-2 in lepidopteran H. armigera and reveals its important function in cholesterol uptake, which facilitates the screening of effective insecticides targeting the insect cholesterol metabolism.
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Lee W, Bahrami A, Markley JL. ADAPT-NMR Enhancer: complete package for reduced dimensionality in protein NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics 2012; 29:515-7. [PMID: 23220573 PMCID: PMC3570218 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY ADAPT-nuclear magnetic resonance (ADAPT-NMR) offers an automated approach to the concurrent acquisition and processing of protein NMR data with the goal of complete backbone and side chain assignments. What the approach lacks is a useful graphical interface for reviewing results and for searching for missing peaks that may have prevented assignments or led to incorrect assignments. Because most of the data ADAPT-NMR collects are 2D tilted planes used to find peaks in 3D spectra, it would be helpful to have a tool that reconstructs the 3D spectra. The software package reported here, ADAPT-NMR Enhancer, supports the visualization of both 2D tilted planes and reconstructed 3D peaks on each tilted plane. ADAPT-NMR Enhancer can be used interactively with ADAPT-NMR to automatically assign selected peaks, or it can be used to produce PINE-SPARKY-like graphical dialogs that support atom-by-atom and peak-by-peak assignment strategies. Results can be exported in various formats, including XEASY proton file (.prot), PINE pre-assignment file (.str), PINE probabilistic output file, SPARKY peak list file (.list) and TALOS+ input file (.tab). As an example, we show how ADAPT-NMR Enhancer was used to extend the automated data collection and assignment results for the protein Aedes aegypti sterol carrier protein 2. AVAILABILITY The program, in the form of binary code along with tutorials and reference manuals, is available at http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/adapt-nmr-enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetics Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Bahrami A, Tonelli M, Sahu SC, Singarapu KK, Eghbalnia HR, Markley JL. Robust, integrated computational control of NMR experiments to achieve optimal assignment by ADAPT-NMR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33173. [PMID: 22427982 PMCID: PMC3299752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAPT-NMR (Assignment-directed Data collection Algorithm utilizing a Probabilistic Toolkit in NMR) represents a groundbreaking prototype for automated protein structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. With a [13C,15N]-labeled protein sample loaded into the NMR spectrometer, ADAPT-NMR delivers complete backbone resonance assignments and secondary structure in an optimal fashion without human intervention. ADAPT-NMR achieves this by implementing a strategy in which the goal of optimal assignment in each step determines the subsequent step by analyzing the current sum of available data. ADAPT-NMR is the first iterative and fully automated approach designed specifically for the optimal assignment of proteins with fast data collection as a byproduct of this goal. ADAPT-NMR evaluates the current spectral information, and uses a goal-directed objective function to select the optimal next data collection step(s) and then directs the NMR spectrometer to collect the selected data set. ADAPT-NMR extracts peak positions from the newly collected data and uses this information in updating the analysis resonance assignments and secondary structure. The goal-directed objective function then defines the next data collection step. The procedure continues until the collected data support comprehensive peak identification, resonance assignments at the desired level of completeness, and protein secondary structure. We present test cases in which ADAPT-NMR achieved results in two days or less that would have taken two months or more by manual approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahrami
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sarata C. Sahu
- Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kiran K. Singarapu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hamid R. Eghbalnia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John L. Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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ANSTROM DAVIDM, ZHOU XIA, KALK CODYN, SONG BAOAN, LAN QUE. Mosquitocidal properties of natural product compounds isolated from Chinese herbs and synthetic analogs of curcumin. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 49:350-355. [PMID: 22493854 PMCID: PMC3538819 DOI: 10.1603/me11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of resistance to current insecticides and to environmental, health, and regulatory concerns, naturally occurring compounds and their derivatives are of increasing interest for the development of new insecticidal compounds against vectors of disease-causing pathogens. Fifty-eight compounds, either extracted and purified from plants native to China or synthetic analogs of curcumin, were evaluated for both their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.) and their ability to inhibit binding of cholesterol to Ae. aegypti sterol carrier protein-2 in vitro. Of the compounds tested, curcumin analogs seem especially promising in that of 24 compounds tested five were inhibitors of Ae. aegypti sterol carrier protein-2 with EC50 values ranging from 0.65 to 62.87 microM, and three curcumin analogs exhibited larvicidal activity against fourth instar Ae. aegypti larvae with LC50 values ranging from 17.29 to 27.90 microM. Adding to the attractiveness of synthetic curcumin analogs is the relative ease of synthesizing a large diversity of compounds; only a small fraction of such diversity has been sampled in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAVID M. ANSTROM
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 840 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - XIA ZHOU
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - CODY N. KALK
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 840 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - BAOAN SONG
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - QUE LAN
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 840 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
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