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Bhatia S, Khanna KK, Duijf PHG. Targeting chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:210-224. [PMID: 38355324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer development and therapy resistance are driven by chromosomal instability (CIN), which causes chromosome gains and losses (i.e., aneuploidy) and structural chromosomal alterations. Technical limitations and knowledge gaps have delayed therapeutic targeting of CIN and aneuploidy in cancers. However, our toolbox for creating and studying aneuploidy in cell models has greatly expanded recently. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that seven conventional antimitotic chemotherapeutic drugs achieve clinical response by inducing CIN instead of mitotic arrest, although additional anticancer activities may also contribute in vivo. In this review, we discuss these recent developments. We also highlight new discoveries, which together show that 25 chromosome arm aneuploidies (CAAs) may be targetable by 36 drugs across 14 types of cancer. Collectively, these advances offer many new opportunities to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and Centre for Biomedical Technologies at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and Centre for Biomedical Technologies at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Truong MA, Cané-Gasull P, Lens SMA. Modeling specific aneuploidies: from karyotype manipulations to biological insights. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:25. [PMID: 37640903 PMCID: PMC10462580 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
An abnormal chromosome number, or aneuploidy, underlies developmental disorders and is a common feature of cancer, with different cancer types exhibiting distinct patterns of chromosomal gains and losses. To understand how specific aneuploidies emerge in certain tissues and how they contribute to disease development, various methods have been developed to alter the karyotype of mammalian cells and mice. In this review, we provide an overview of both classic and novel strategies for inducing or selecting specific chromosomal gains and losses in human and murine cell systems. We highlight how these customized aneuploidy models helped expanding our knowledge of the consequences of specific aneuploidies to (cancer) cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Anh Truong
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Cané-Gasull
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Autocrine transforming growth factor β1 in regulatory T cell biology-gone but not missed. Immunity 2021; 54:395-396. [PMID: 33691126 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Site-Specific Recombination with Inverted Target Sites: A Cautionary Tale of Dicentric and Acentric Chromosomes. Genetics 2020; 215:923-930. [PMID: 32586890 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombinases are widely used tools for analysis of genetics, development, and cell biology, and many schemes have been devised to alter gene expression by recombinase-mediated DNA rearrangements. Because the FRT and lox target sites for the commonly used FLP and Cre recombinases are asymmetrical, and must pair in the same direction to recombine, construct design must take into account orientation of the target sites. Both direct and inverted configurations have been used. However, the outcome of recombination between target sites on sister chromatids is frequently overlooked. This is especially consequential with inverted target sites, where exchange between oppositely oriented target sites on sisters will produce dicentric and acentric chromosomes. By using constructs that have inverted target sites in Drosophila melanogaster and in mice, we show here that dicentric chromosomes are produced in the presence of recombinase, and that the frequency of this event is quite high. The negative effects on cell viability and behavior can be significant, and should be considered when using such constructs.
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Thomas R, Marks DH, Chin Y, Benezra R. Whole chromosome loss and associated breakage-fusion-bridge cycles transform mouse tetraploid cells. EMBO J 2017; 37:201-218. [PMID: 29196303 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole chromosome gains or losses (aneuploidy) are a hallmark of ~70% of human tumors. Modeling the consequences of aneuploidy has relied on perturbing spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components, but interpretations of these experiments are clouded by the multiple functions of these proteins. Here, we used a Cre recombinase-mediated chromosome loss strategy to individually delete mouse chromosomes 9, 10, 12, or 14 in tetraploid immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts. This methodology also involves the generation of a dicentric chromosome intermediate, which subsequently undergoes a series of breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles. While the aneuploid cells generally display a growth disadvantage in vitro, they grow significantly better in low adherence sphere-forming conditions and three of the four lines are transformed in vivo, forming large and invasive tumors in immunocompromised mice. The aneuploid cells display increased chromosomal instability and DNA damage, a mutator phenotype associated with tumorigenesis in vivo Thus, these studies demonstrate a causative role for whole chromosome loss and the associated BFB-mediated instability in tumorigenesis and may shed light on the early consequences of aneuploidy in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozario Thomas
- BCMB Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences (WCGSMS), New York, NY, USA.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Henry Marks
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvette Chin
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- BCMB Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences (WCGSMS), New York, NY, USA .,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
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Zhang B, Dai M, Li QJ, Zhuang Y. Tracking proliferative history in lymphocyte development with cre-mediated sister chromatid recombination. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003887. [PMID: 24204301 PMCID: PMC3814321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking and isolating live cells based on their proliferative history in live animals remains a technical challenge in animal studies. We have designed a genetic marking system for tracking the proliferative frequency and history of lymphocytes during their development and homeostatic maintenance. This system is based on activation of a fluorescent marker after Cre-dependent recombination between sister chromatids at a specially designed tandem loxP site, named Tlox. We have demonstrated the utility of the Tlox system in tracking proliferative windows of B and T lymphocyte development. We have further applied the Tlox system in the analysis of the proliferative behavior and homeostatic maintenance of Vγ1.1 positive γδ T cells. Our data show that Vγ1.1 T cells generated in neonatal but not adult life are able to expand in the thymus. The expanded Vγ1.1 T cells are preferentially maintained in the liver but not in lymphoid organs. It has been shown that numbers of Vγ1.1 T cells were dramatically increased in the lymphoid organs of Id3 deficient mice. By combining BrdU and Tlox assays we show that this phenotype is primarily due to enhanced neonatal expansion and subsequent retention of Vγ1.1 T cells. Thus, the Tlox system provides a new genetic tool to track clonal expansion within a defined cell population or tissue type in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meifang Dai
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QJL); (YZ)
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QJL); (YZ)
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[Applications of DNA transposons to the study of gene function in mice]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:485-93. [PMID: 21586395 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis has been widely used in mammalian molecular genetics. As a convenient and efficient tool for genetic manipulation, transposon has played an important role in making transgenic animal models, performing gene therapy, and annotating gene function at the cellular level and by animal studies in vivo. This review focuses on the structure, function and latest research progress of DNA transposons applied in mouse genetics.
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Qiu L, Rivera-Pérez JA, Xu Z. A non-specific effect associated with conditional transgene expression based on Cre-loxP strategy in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18778. [PMID: 21572998 PMCID: PMC3091857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenes flanked by loxP sites have been widely used to generate transgenic mice where the transgene expression can be controlled spatially and temporally by Cre recombinase. Data from this approach has led to important conclusions in cancer, neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Using this approach to conditionally express micro RNAs (miRNAs) in mice, we found that Cre-mediated recombination in neural progenitor cells caused microcephaly in five of our ten independent transgenic lines. This effect was not associated with the types or the quantity of miRNAs being expressed, nor was it associated with specific target knockdown. Rather, it was correlated with the presence of multiple tandem transgene copies and inverted (head-to-head or tail-to-tail) transgene repeats. The presence of these inverted repeats caused a high level of cell death in the ventricular zone of the embryonic brain, where Cre was expressed. Therefore, results from this Cre-loxP approach to generate inducible transgenic alleles must be interpreted with caution and conclusions drawn in previous reports may need reexamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaime A. Rivera-Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zuoshang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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