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Manzari-Tavakoli A, Babajani A, Farjoo MH, Hajinasrollah M, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. The Cross-Talks Among Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling and Other Prominent Pathways Involved in Neural Differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:827275. [PMID: 35370542 PMCID: PMC8965007 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.827275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of potent morphogens which are critical for the patterning, development, and function of the central nervous system. The appropriate function of the BMP pathway depends on its interaction with other signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation, leading to synergistic or antagonistic effects and ultimately favorable biological outcomes. These opposite or cooperative effects are observed when BMP interacts with fibroblast growth factor (FGF), cytokines, Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt pathways to regulate the impact of BMP-induced signaling in neural differentiation. Herein, we review the cross-talk between BMP signaling and the prominent signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation, emphasizing the underlying basic molecular mechanisms regarding the process of neural differentiation. Knowing these cross-talks can help us to develop new approaches in regenerative medicine and stem cell based therapy. Recently, cell therapy has received significant attention as a promising treatment for traumatic or neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to know the signaling pathways involved in stem cell differentiation toward neural cells. Our better insight into the cross-talk of signaling pathways during neural development would improve neural differentiation within in vitro tissue engineering approaches and pre-clinical practices and develop futuristic therapeutic strategies for patients with neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Manzari-Tavakoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Farjoo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hajinasrollah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hassan Niknejad
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2
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Transit Amplifying Progenitors in the Cerebellum: Similarities to and Differences from Transit Amplifying Cells in Other Brain Regions and between Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040726. [PMID: 35203375 PMCID: PMC8870322 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transit amplification of neural progenitors/precursors is widely used in the development of the central nervous system and for tissue homeostasis. In most cases, stem cells, which are relatively less proliferative, first differentiate into transit amplifying cells, which are more proliferative, losing their stemness. Subsequently, transit amplifying cells undergo a limited number of mitoses and differentiation to expand the progeny of differentiated cells. This step-by-step proliferation is considered an efficient system for increasing the number of differentiated cells while maintaining the stem cells. Recently, we reported that cerebellar granule cell progenitors also undergo transit amplification in mice. In this review, we summarize our and others’ recent findings and the prospective contribution of transit amplification to neural development and evolution, as well as the molecular mechanisms regulating transit amplification.
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Casoni F, Croci L, Vincenti F, Podini P, Riba M, Massimino L, Cremona O, Consalez GG. ZFP423 regulates early patterning and multiciliogenesis in the hindbrain choroid plexus. Development 2020; 147:dev.190173. [PMID: 33046507 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted into the ventricular system. It is a monolayer of secretory, multiciliated epithelial cells derived from neuroepithelial progenitors and overlying a stroma of mesenchymal cells of mesodermal origin. Zfp423, which encodes a Kruppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cerebellar development and mutated in rare cases of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia/Joubert syndrome and other ciliopathies, is expressed in the hindbrain roof plate, from which the IV ventricle ChP arises, and, later, in mesenchymal cells, which give rise to the stroma and leptomeninges. Mouse Zfp423 mutants display a marked reduction of the hindbrain ChP (hChP), which: (1) fails to express established markers of its secretory function and genes implicated in its development and maintenance (Lmx1a and Otx2); (2) shows a perturbed expression of signaling pathways previously unexplored in hChP patterning (Wnt3); and (3) displays a lack of multiciliated epithelial cells and a profound dysregulation of master genes of multiciliogenesis (Gmnc). Our results propose that Zfp423 is a master gene and one of the earliest known determinants of hChP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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4
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Strain-Dependent Modifier Genes Determine Survival in Zfp423 Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4241-4247. [PMID: 32967895 PMCID: PMC7642944 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that interacts with canonical signaling and lineage pathways. Mutations in mouse Zfp423 or its human ortholog ZNF423 are associated with a range of developmental abnormalities reminiscent of ciliopathies, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and other midline brain defects. Null mice have reduced viability in most strain backgrounds. Here we show complete lethality on a C57BL/6J background, dominant rescue in backcrosses to any of 13 partner strains, with strain-dependent survival frequencies, and evidence for a BALB/c-derived survival modifier locus on chromosome 5. Survival data indicate both perinatal and postnatal periods of lethality. Anatomical data from a hypomorphic gene trap allele observed on both C57BL/6J and BALB/c congenic backgrounds shows an aggregate effect of background on sensitivity to Zfp423 loss rather than a binary effect on viability.
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Yang YY, Lin CJ, Wang CC, Chen CM, Kao WJ, Chen YH. Consecutive Hypoxia Decreases Expression of NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 Downregulation and Intermittent Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Increases Expression of BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC via HIF1A Upregulation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572276. [PMID: 33015064 PMCID: PMC7500169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the experimental models of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) mimics the physiological conditions of ischemia-reperfusion and induce oxidative stress and injury in various types of organs, tissues, and cells, both in vivo and in vitro, including human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Nonetheless, it had not been reported whether H/R affected proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of stem/progenitor cell markers in the bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated differential effects of consecutive hypoxia and intermittent 24/24-h cycles of H/R on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells derived from the same-race and age-matched healthy subjects (i.e., NHBE) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (i.e., DHBE). To analyze gene/protein expression during differentiation, both the NHBE and DHBE cells at the 2nd passage were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) in the differentiation medium under normoxia for 3 days, followed by either culturing under hypoxia (1% O2) for consecutively 9 days and then returning to normoxia for another 9 days, or culturing under 24/24-h cycles of H/R (i.e., 24 h of 1% O2 followed by 24 h of 21% O2, repetitively) for 18 days in total, so that all differentiating HBE cells were exposed to hypoxia for a total of 9 days. In both the normal and diseased HBE cells, intermittent H/R significantly increased HIF1A, BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC expression, while consecutive hypoxia significantly decreased NKX2-1, NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 expression. Inhibition of HIF1A or NKX2-1 expression by siRNA transfection respectively decreased BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4/MUC5AC and NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10/FOXJ1 expression in the HBE cells cultured under intermittent H/R to the same levels under normoxia. Overexpression of NKX2-1 via cDNA transfection caused more than 2.8-fold increases in NOTCH3, HEY1, and FOXJ1 mRNA levels in the HBE cells cultured under consecutive hypoxia compared to the levels under normoxia. Taken together, our results show for the first time that consecutive hypoxia decreased expression of the co-regulated gene module NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10 and the ciliogenesis-inducing transcription factor gene FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 mRNA downregulation, while intermittent H/R increased expression of the co-regulated gene module BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4 and the predominant airway mucin gene MUC5AC via HIF1A mRNA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Respiratory Therapy, Rueifang Miner Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Kao
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Son W, Choi KW. The Classic Lobe Eye Phenotype of Drosophila Is Caused by Transposon Insertion-Induced Misexpression of a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor. Genetics 2020; 216:117-134. [PMID: 32641295 PMCID: PMC7463288 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Lobe (L) alleles were first discovered ∼100 years ago as spontaneous dominant mutants with characteristic developmental eye defects. However, the molecular basis for L dominant eye phenotypes has not been clearly understood. A previous work reported identification of CG10109/PRAS40 as the L gene, but subsequent analyses suggested that PRAS40 may not be related to L Here, we revisited the L gene to clarify this discrepancy and understand the basis for the dominance of L mutations. Genetic analysis localized the L gene to Oaz, which encodes a homolog of the vertebrate zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) family transcriptional regulators. We demonstrate that RNAi knockdown of Oaz almost completely restores all L dominant alleles tested. Lrev6-3 , a revertant allele of the L2 dominant eye phenotype, has an inframe deletion in the Oaz coding sequence. Molecular analysis of L dominant mutants identified allele-specific insertions of natural transposons (roo[ ]L1 , hopper[ ]L5 , and roo[ ]Lr ) or alterations of a preexisting transposon (L2 -specific mutations in roo[ ]Mohr) in the Oaz region. In addition, we generated additional L2 -reversion alleles by CRISPR targeting at Oaz These new loss-of-function Oaz mutations suppress the dominant L eye phenotype. Oaz protein is not expressed in wild-type eye disc but is expressed ectopically in L2/+ mutant eye disc. We induced male recombination between Oaz-GAL4 insertions and the L2 mutation through homologous recombination. By using the L2 -recombined GAL4 reporters, we show that Oaz-GAL4 is expressed ectopically in L2 eye imaginal disc. Taken together, our data suggest that neomorphic L eye phenotypes are likely due to misregulation of Oaz by spontaneous transposon insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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7
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Deshpande O, Lara RZ, Zhang OR, Concepcion D, Hamilton BA. ZNF423 patient variants, truncations, and in-frame deletions in mice define an allele-dependent range of midline brain abnormalities. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009017. [PMID: 32925911 PMCID: PMC7515201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting rare variants remains a challenge in personal genomics, especially for disorders with several causal genes and for genes that cause multiple disorders. ZNF423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that intersects several developmental pathways. ZNF423 has been implicated in rare neurodevelopmental disorders, consistent with midline brain defects in Zfp423-mutant mice, but pathogenic potential of most patient variants remains uncertain. We engineered ~50 patient-derived and small deletion variants into the highly-conserved mouse ortholog and examined neuroanatomical measures for 791 littermate pairs. Three substitutions previously asserted pathogenic appeared benign, while a fourth was effectively null. Heterozygous premature termination codon (PTC) variants showed mild haploabnormality, consistent with loss-of-function intolerance inferred from human population data. In-frame deletions of specific zinc fingers showed mild to moderate abnormalities, as did low-expression variants. These results affirm the need for functional validation of rare variants in biological context and demonstrate cost-effective modeling of neuroanatomical abnormalities in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojas Deshpande
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Raquel Z. Lara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Oliver R. Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Concepcion
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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Sadeghi Z, Kenyon JD, Richardson B, Khalifa AO, Cartwright M, Conroy B, Caplan A, Cameron MJ, Hijaz A. Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Incontinent Rat Injured Urethra. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:792-810. [PMID: 32614683 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periurethral human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) injections are associated with functional improvement in animal models of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, limited data exist on the role of hMSCs in modulating gene expression in tissue repair after urethral injury. To this end, we quantified temporal gene expression modulation in hMSCs, and in injured rat urethral tissue, using RNA-seq in an animal model of SUI, over a 3-day period following urethral injury, and local hMSC injection. We injected PKH fluorescent-labeled hMSC into the periurethral space of rats following a 4 h vaginal distention (VD) (three rats per time point). Control rats underwent VD injury only, and all animals were euthanized at 12, 24, 36, 72 h postinjury. Rat urethral and vaginal tissues were frozen and sectioned. Fluorescent labeled hMSCs were distinguished from adjacent, unlabeled rat urethral tissue. RNA was prepared from hMSCs and urethral tissue obtained by laser dissection of frozen tissue sections and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) over 72 h were evaluated using a two-group t-test (p < 0.05). Our transcriptional analyses identified candidate genes involved in tissue injury that were broadly sorted by injury and exposure to hMSC throughout the first 72 h of acute phase of injury. DEGs in treated urethra, compared with untreated urethra, were functionally associated with tissue repair, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress suppression. DEGs included a variety of cytokines, extracellular matrix stabilization and regeneration genes, cytokine signaling modification, cell cycle regulation, muscle differentiation, and stabilization. Moreover, our results revealed DEG changes in hMSCs (PKH-labeled) harvested from injured urethra. The expressions are related to DNA damage repair, transcription activation, stem cell regulation, cell survival, apoptosis, self-renewal, cell proliferation, migration, and injury response. Impact statement Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects nearly half of women over 40, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased health care cost. Development of SUI is multifactorial and strongly associated with vaginal delivery. While stem cell therapy in animal models of SUI and limited preliminary clinical trials demonstrate functional improvement of SUI, the role of stem cell therapy in modulating tissue repair is unclear impeding advanced clinical trials. Our work provides a new understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms with which human mesenchymal stem cells improve acute injury repair thus guiding the development of cell-based therapies for women with nonacute established SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Sadeghi
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan D Kenyon
- Biology Department, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad O Khalifa
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Urology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Michael Cartwright
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Britt Conroy
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold Caplan
- Biology Department, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Chaiprasert T, Armartmuntree N, Techasen A, Sakonsinsiri C, Pinlaor S, Ungarreevittaya P, Khuntikeo N, Namwat N, Thanan R. Roles of Zinc Finger Protein 423 in Proliferation and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma through Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070263. [PMID: 31284679 PMCID: PMC6681239 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 423 (ZNF423) is a transcriptional factor involved in the development and progression of cancers but has not yet been examined in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an oxidative stress-driven cancer of biliary epithelium. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress mediated ZNF423 expression regulates its downstream genes resulting in CCA genesis. ZNF423 protein expression patterns and 8-oxodG (an oxidative stress marker) formation in CCA tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that ZNF423 was overexpressed in CCA cells compared to normal bile duct cells adjacent of the tumor. Notably, ZNF423 expression was positively correlated with 8-oxodG formation. Moreover, ZNF423 expression in an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line (MMNK1) was increased by hydrogen peroxide-treatment, suggesting that oxidative stress induces ZNF423 expression. To investigate the roles of ZNF423 in CCA progression, ZNF423 mRNA was silenced using specific siRNA in CCA cell lines, KKU-100 and KKU-213. Silencing of ZNF423 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of both CCA cell lines. Taking all these results together, the present study denoted that ZNF423 is an oxidative stress-responsive gene with an oncogenic property contributing to the regulation of CCA genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timpika Chaiprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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10
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Badaloni A, Casoni F, Croci L, Chiara F, Bizzoca A, Gennarini G, Cremona O, Hawkes R, Consalez GG. Dynamic Expression and New Functions of Early B Cell Factor 2 in Cerebellar Development. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Addison WN, Hall KC, Kokabu S, Matsubara T, Fu MM, Gori F, Baron R. Zfp423 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00447-18. [PMID: 30692273 PMCID: PMC6447414 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00447-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are skeletal muscle stem cells that proliferate in response to injury and provide myogenic precursors for growth and repair. Zfp423 is a transcriptional cofactor expressed in multiple immature cell populations, such as neuronal precursors, mesenchymal stem cells, and preadipocytes, where it regulates lineage allocation, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we show that Zfp423 regulates myogenic progression during muscle regeneration. Zfp423 is undetectable in quiescent SCs but becomes expressed during SC activation. After expansion, Zfp423 is gradually downregulated as committed SCs terminally differentiate. Mice with satellite-cell-specific Zfp423 deletion exhibit severely impaired muscle regeneration following injury, with aberrant SC expansion, defective cell cycle exit, and failure to transition efficiently from the proliferative stage toward commitment. Consistent with a cell-autonomous role of Zfp423, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Zfp423 in myoblasts inhibits differentiation. Surprisingly, forced expression of Zfp423 in myoblasts induces differentiation into adipocytes and arrests myogenesis. Affinity purification of Zfp423 in myoblasts identified Satb2 as a nuclear partner of Zfp423 that cooperatively enhances Zfp423 transcriptional activity, which in turn affects myoblast differentiation. In conclusion, by controlling SC expansion and proliferation, Zfp423 is essential for muscle regeneration. Tight regulation of Zfp423 expression is essential for normal progression of muscle progenitors from proliferation to differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Regeneration/physiology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Addison
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine C Hall
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Martin M Fu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Massimino L, Flores-Garcia L, Di Stefano B, Colasante G, Icoresi-Mazzeo C, Zaghi M, Hamilton BA, Sessa A. TBR2 antagonizes retinoic acid dependent neuronal differentiation by repressing Zfp423 during corticogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 434:231-248. [PMID: 29305158 PMCID: PMC7032051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During cerebral cortex development, neural progenitors are required to elaborate a variety of cell differentiation signals to which they are continuously exposed. RA acid is a potent inducer of neuronal differentiation as it was found to influence cortical development. We report herein that TBR2, a transcription factor specific to Intermediate (Basal) Neural Progenitors (INPs), represses activation of the RA responsive element and expression of RA target genes in cell lines. This repressive action on RA signaling was functionally confirmed by the decrease of RA-mediated neuronal differentiation in neural stem cells stably overexpressing TBR2. In vivo mapping of RA activity in the developing cortex indicated that RA activity is detected in radial glial cells and subsequently downregulated in INPs, revealing a fine cell-type specific regulation of its signaling. Thus, TBR2 might be a molecular player in opposing RA signaling in INPs. Interestingly, this negative regulation is achieved at least in part by directly repressing the critical nuclear RA co-factor ZFP423. Indeed, we found ZFP423 to be expressed in the developing cortex and promote RA-dependent neuronal differentiation. These data indicate that TBR2 contributes to suppressing RA signaling in INPs, thereby enabling them to re-enter the cell cycle and delay neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massimino
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisbeth Flores-Garcia
- Departments of Cellular&Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0644, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Icoresi-Mazzeo
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaghi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Departments of Cellular&Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0644, USA
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Bond HM, Scicchitano S, Chiarella E, Amodio N, Lucchino V, Aloisio A, Montalcini Y, Mesuraca M, Morrone G. ZNF423: A New Player in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29867779 PMCID: PMC5968090 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventive therapy can target hormone-responsive breast cancer (BC) by treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and reduce the incidence of BC. Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with relevant predictive values, SNPs in the ZNF423 gene were associated with decreased risk of BC during SERM therapy, and SNPs in the Cathepsin O gene with an increased risk. ZNF423, which was not previously associated with BC is a multifunctional transcription factor known to have a role in development, neurogenesis, and adipogenesis and is implicated in other types of cancer. ZNF423 is transcriptionally controlled by the homolog ZNF521, early B cell factor transcription factor, epigenetic silencing of the promoter by CpG island hyper-methylation, and also by ZNF423 itself in an auto-regulatory loop. In BC cells, ZNF423 expression is found to be induced by estrogen, dependent on the binding of the estrogen receptor and calmodulin-like 3 to SNPs in ZNP423 intronic sites in proximity to consensus estrogen response elements. ZNF423 has also been shown to play a mechanistic role by trans-activating the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and thus modulating the DNA damage response. Even though recent extensive trial studies did not classify these SNPs with the highest predictive values, for inclusion in polygenic SNP analysis, the mechanism unveiled in these studies has introduced ZNF423 as a factor important in the control of the estrogen response. Here, we aim at providing an overview of ZNF423 expression and functional role in human malignancies, with a specific focus on its implication in hormone-responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
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14
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Casoni F, Croci L, Bosone C, D'Ambrosio R, Badaloni A, Gaudesi D, Barili V, Sarna JR, Tessarollo L, Cremona O, Hawkes R, Warming S, Consalez GG. Zfp423/ZNF423 regulates cell cycle progression, the mode of cell division and the DNA-damage response in Purkinje neuron progenitors. Development 2017; 144:3686-3697. [PMID: 28893945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Zfp423/ZNF423 gene encodes a 30-zinc-finger transcription factor involved in key developmental pathways. Although null Zfp423 mutants develop cerebellar malformations, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. ZNF423 mutations are associated with Joubert Syndrome, a ciliopathy causing cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and ataxia. ZNF423 participates in the DNA-damage response (DDR), raising questions regarding its role as a regulator of neural progenitor cell cycle progression in cerebellar development. To characterize in vivo the function of ZFP423 in neurogenesis, we analyzed allelic murine mutants in which distinct functional domains are deleted. One deletion impairs mitotic spindle orientation, leading to premature cell cycle exit and Purkinje cell (PC) progenitor pool deletion. The other deletion impairs PC differentiation. In both mutants, cell cycle progression is remarkably delayed and DDR markers are upregulated in cerebellar ventricular zone progenitors. Our in vivo evidence sheds light on the domain-specific roles played by ZFP423 in different aspects of PC progenitor development, and at the same time strengthens the emerging notion that an impaired DDR may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of JS and other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Camilla Bosone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Davide Gaudesi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Justyna R Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Søren Warming
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
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15
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Early Purkinje Cell Development and the Origins of Cerebellar Patterning. CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59749-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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16
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Kilroy G, Burk DH, Floyd ZE. Siah2 Protein Mediates Early Events in Commitment to an Adipogenic Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27289-27297. [PMID: 27864366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion occurs by increasing the size of existing adipocytes or by increasing the number of adipocytes via adipogenesis. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and impaired adipogenesis. We recently demonstrated that deletion of the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 is associated with enlarged adipocytes in lean or obese mice. In this study, we find that adipogenesis is impaired in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes stably transfected with Siah2 shRNA and that overexpression of Siah2 in non-precursor fibroblasts promotes adipogenesis. In the 3T3-L1 model, loss of Siah2 is associated with sustained β-catenin expression post-induction, but depletion of β-catenin only partially restores PPARγ expression and adipocyte formation. Using wild-type and Siah2-/- adipose tissue and adipose stromal vascular cells, we observe that Siah2 influences the expression of several factors that control adipogenesis, including Wnt pathway genes, β-catenin, Zfp432, and Bmp-4 Consistent with increased β-catenin levels in shSiah2 preadipocytes, Wnt10b is elevated in Siah2-/- adipose tissue and remains elevated in Siah2-/- primary stromal cells after addition of the induction mixture. However, addition of BMP-4 to Siah2-/- stromal cells reduces Wnt10b expression, reduces Zfp521 protein levels, and increases expression of Zfp423, a transcriptional regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression that controls commitment to adipogenesis and is repressed by Zfp521. These results indicate that Siah2 acts upstream of BMP-4 to regulate factors that control the commitment of adipocyte progenitors to an adipogenic pathway. Our findings reveal an essential role for Siah2 in the early events that signal undifferentiated progenitor cells to become mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kilroy
- From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - David H Burk
- From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
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17
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Hong CJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 Regulates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling via Primary Cilium Function. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006357. [PMID: 27727273 PMCID: PMC5065120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a 30-zinc finger transcription factor that intersects several canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations result in ciliopathy-related phenotypes, including agenesis of the cerebellar vermis in mice and Joubert syndrome (JBTS19) and nephronophthisis (NPHP14) in humans. Unlike most ciliopathy genes, Zfp423 encodes a nuclear protein and its developmental expression is complex, leading to alternative proposals for cellular mechanisms. Here we show that Zfp423 is expressed by cerebellar granule cell precursors, that loss of Zfp423 in these precursors leads to cell-intrinsic reduction in proliferation, loss of response to Shh, and primary cilia abnormalities that include diminished frequency of both Smoothened and IFT88 localization. Loss of Zfp423 alters expression of several genes encoding key cilium components, including increased expression of Tulp3. Tulp3 is a direct binding target of Zfp423 and reducing the overexpression of Tulp3 in Zfp423-deficient cells suppresses Smoothened translocation defects. These results define Zfp423 deficiency as a bona fide ciliopathy, acting upstream of Shh signaling, and indicate a mechanism intrinsic to granule cell precursors for the resulting cerebellar hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jei Hong
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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18
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Signaroldi E, Laise P, Cristofanon S, Brancaccio A, Reisoli E, Atashpaz S, Terreni MR, Doglioni C, Pruneri G, Malatesta P, Testa G. Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis targets a Zfp423-dependent differentiation network. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10753. [PMID: 26923714 PMCID: PMC4773478 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas constitute one of the most significant areas of unmet medical need, owing to the invariable failure of surgical eradication and their marked molecular heterogeneity. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical contribution by the Polycomb axis of epigenetic repression. However, a coherent understanding of the regulatory networks affected by Polycomb during gliomagenesis is still lacking. Here we integrate transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to define Polycomb-dependent networks that promote gliomagenesis, validating them both in two independent mouse models and in a large cohort of human samples. We find that Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis affects transcriptional networks associated with invasiveness and de-differentiation. The dissection of these networks uncovers Zfp423 as a critical Polycomb-dependent transcription factor whose silencing negatively impacts survival. The anti-gliomagenic activity of Zfp423 requires interaction with the SMAD proteins within the BMP signalling pathway, pointing to a novel synergic circuit through which Polycomb inhibits BMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Signaroldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Silvia Cristofanon
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Arianna Brancaccio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elisa Reisoli
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Sina Atashpaz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Terreni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES), University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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19
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ZNF423 and ZNF521: EBF1 Antagonists of Potential Relevance in B-Lymphoid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:165238. [PMID: 26788497 PMCID: PMC4695665 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of the B-lymphoid cell lineage is tightly controlled by the concerted action of a network of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. EBF1, a central component of this network, is essential for B-lymphoid specification and commitment as well as for the maintenance of the B-cell identity. Genetic alterations causing loss of function of these B-lymphopoiesis regulators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-lymphoid malignancies, with particular regard to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (B-ALLs), where their presence is frequently detected. The activity of the B-cell regulatory network may also be disrupted by the aberrant expression of inhibitory molecules. In particular, two multi-zinc finger transcription cofactors named ZNF423 and ZNF521 have been characterised as potent inhibitors of EBF1 and are emerging as potentially relevant contributors to the development of B-cell leukaemias. Here we will briefly review the current knowledge of these factors and discuss the importance of their functional cross talk with EBF1 in the development of B-cell malignancies.
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20
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Bizzoca A, Picocci S, Corsi P, Arbia S, Croci L, Consalez GG, Gennarini G. The gene encoding the mouse contactin-1 axonal glycoprotein is regulated by the collier/Olf1/EBF family early B-Cell factor 2 transcription factor. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1420-40. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bizzoca
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs; Medical School, University of Bari; Policlinico Bari I-70124 Italy
| | - Sabrina Picocci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs; Medical School, University of Bari; Policlinico Bari I-70124 Italy
| | - Patrizia Corsi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs; Medical School, University of Bari; Policlinico Bari I-70124 Italy
| | - Stefania Arbia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs; Medical School, University of Bari; Policlinico Bari I-70124 Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano I-20132 Italy
| | - G. Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano I-20132 Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano I-20132 Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs; Medical School, University of Bari; Policlinico Bari I-70124 Italy
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21
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Grünhagen J, Bhushan R, Degenkolbe E, Jäger M, Knaus P, Mundlos S, Robinson PN, Ott CE. MiR-497∼195 cluster microRNAs regulate osteoblast differentiation by targeting BMP signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:796-808. [PMID: 25407900 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles during cell reprogramming and differentiation. In this study, we identified the miR-497∼195 cluster, a member of the miR-15 family, as strongly upregulated with age of postnatal bone development in vivo and late differentiation stages of primary osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Early expression of miR-195-5p inhibits differentiation and mineralization. Microarray analyses along with quantitative PCR demonstrate that miR-195-5p alters the gene regulatory network of osteoblast differentiation and impairs the induction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) responsive genes. Applying reporter gene and Western blot assays, we show that miR-195-5p interferes with the BMP/Smad-pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Systematically comparing the changes in mRNA levels in response to miR-195-5p overexpression with the changes observed in the natural course of osteoblast differentiation, we demonstrate that microRNAs of the miR-15 family affect several target genes involved in BMP signaling. Predicted targets including Furin, a protease that cleaves pro-forms, genes encoding receptors such as Acvr2a, Bmp1a, Dies1, and Tgfbr3, molecules within the cascade like Smad5, transcriptional regulators like Ski and Zfp423 as well as Mapk3 and Smurf1 were validated by quantitative PCR. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that miR-497∼195 cluster microRNAs act as intracellular antagonists of BMP signaling in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Grünhagen
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Harder L, Puller AC, Horstmann MA. ZNF423: Transcriptional modulation in development and cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e969655. [PMID: 27308357 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.969655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins are versatile players in biology that have been implicated in mammalian development and disease. Among these proteins, ZNF423 and its mouse ortholog Zfp423 were initially implicated in midline patterning of the central nervous system but have emerged as critical transcriptional modulators in cancer. Epigenetically uncurbed ZNF423 interferes with lymphopoiesis by sequestration of the essential early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) causing B-cell maturation arrest, a hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conversely, its presence in neuroblastoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood, allows retinoic acid-induced differentiation and is associated with a favorable outcome of neuroblastoma patients. Such opposing effects may be explained by the cellular context, but also by the multifunctionality of ZNF423 that is mediated by 30 zinc fingers forming various functional domains. This review summarizes current knowledge of ZNF423, focusing on its role in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Harder
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Puller
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Pallares LF, Harr B, Turner LM, Tautz D. Use of a natural hybrid zone for genomewide association mapping of craniofacial traits in the house mouse. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5756-70. [PMID: 25319559 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the genes involved in morphological variation in nature is still a major challenge. Here, we explore a new approach: we combine 178 samples from a natural hybrid zone between two subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus), and high coverage of the genome (~ 145K SNPs) to identify loci underlying craniofacial shape variation. Due to the long history of recombination in the hybrid zone, high mapping resolution is anticipated. The combination of genomes from subspecies allows the mapping of both, variation within subspecies and inter-subspecific differences, thereby increasing the overall amount of causal genetic variation that can be detected. Skull and mandible shape were measured using 3D landmarks and geometric morphometrics. Using principal component axes as phenotypes, and a linear mixed model accounting for genetic relatedness in the mapping populations, we identified nine genomic regions associated with skull shape and 10 with mandible shape. High mapping resolution (median size of significant regions = 148 kb) enabled identification of single or few candidate genes in most cases. Some of the genes act as regulators or modifiers of signalling pathways relevant for morphological development and bone formation, including several with known craniofacial phenotypes in mice and humans. The significant associations combined explain 13% and 7% of the skull and mandible shape variation, respectively. In addition, a positive correlation was found between chromosomal length and proportion of variation explained. Our results suggest a complex genetic architecture for shape traits and support a polygenic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Pallares
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, 24306, Germany
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24
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Sox5 Is a DNA-binding cofactor for BMP R-Smads that directs target specificity during patterning of the early ectoderm. Dev Cell 2014; 31:374-382. [PMID: 25453832 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SoxD factor, Sox5, is expressed in ectodermal cells at times and places where BMP signaling is active, including the cells of the animal hemisphere at blastula stages and the neural plate border and neural crest at neurula stages. Sox5 is required for proper ectoderm development, and deficient embryos display patterning defects characteristic of perturbations of BMP signaling, including loss of neural crest and epidermis and expansion of the neural plate. We show that Sox5 is essential for activation of BMP target genes in embryos and explants, that it physically interacts with BMP R-Smads, and that it is essential for recruitment of Smad1/4 to BMP regulatory elements. Our findings identify Sox5 as the long-sought DNA-binding partner for BMP R-Smads essential to plasticity and pattern in the early ectoderm.
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Dias JM, Ilkhanizadeh S, Karaca E, Duckworth JK, Lundin V, Rosenfeld MG, Ericson J, Hermanson O, Teixeira AI. CtBPs sense microenvironmental oxygen levels to regulate neural stem cell state. Cell Rep 2014; 8:665-70. [PMID: 25088415 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) secreted by the dorsal neural tube and overlying ectoderm are key signals for the specification of the roof plate and dorsal interneuron populations. However, the signals that confer nonneurogenic character to the roof plate region are largely unknown. We report that the roof plate region shows elevated oxygen levels compared to neurogenic regions of the neural tube. These high oxygen levels are required for the expression of the antineuronal transcription factor Hes1 in the roof plate region. The transcriptional corepressor CtBP is a critical mediator of the oxygen-sensing response. High oxygen promotes a decrease in the CtBP occupancy of the promoter of Hes1. Furthermore, under conditions of high oxygen and BMP, CtBP associates with HES1 and represses neurogenesis. We propose that CtBP integrates signals originating from microenvironmental levels of oxygen and BMP to confer nonneurogenic character to the roof plate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Esra Karaca
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Joshua K Duckworth
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johan Ericson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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Expression profiling and functional implications of a set of zinc finger proteins, ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B, in primary osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:318793. [PMID: 24976683 PMCID: PMC4058293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/318793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of healthy articulations; indeed, dysregulation of their functions, including the production of matrix proteins and matrix-remodeling proteases, may result in fraying of the tissue and development of osteoarthritis (OA). To explore transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and may be implicated in OA development, we compared the gene expression profile of a set of zinc finger proteins potentially linked to the control of chondrocyte differentiation and/or functions (ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B) in chondrocytes from patients affected by OA and from subjects not affected by OA. This analysis highlighted a significantly lower expression of the transcript encoding ZNF423 in chondrocytes from OA, particularly in elderly patients. Interestingly, this decrease was mirrored by the similarly reduced expression of PPARγ, a known target of ZNF423 with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. The ZNF521 mRNA instead was abundant in all primary chondrocytes studied; the RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene significantly altered the COL2A/COL1 expression ratio, associated with the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, in chondrocytes cultivated in alginate beads. These results suggest a role for ZNF423 and ZNF521 in the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and warrant further investigations to elucidate their mechanism of action.
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Yeh ML, Gonda Y, Mommersteeg MTM, Barber M, Ypsilanti AR, Hanashima C, Parnavelas JG, Andrews WD. Robo1 modulates proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing neocortex. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5717-31. [PMID: 24741061 PMCID: PMC3988420 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4256-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The elaborate cytoarchitecture of the mammalian neocortex requires the timely production of its constituent pyramidal neurons and interneurons and their disposition in appropriate layers. Numerous chemotropic factors present in the forebrain throughout cortical development play important roles in the orchestration of these events. The Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors and their ligands, the Slit proteins, are expressed in the developing forebrain, and are known to play important roles in the generation and migration of cortical interneurons. However, few studies have investigated their function(s) in the development of pyramidal cells. Here, we observed expression of Robo1 and Slit genes (Slit1, Slit2) in cells lining the telencephalic ventricles, and found significant increases in progenitor cells (basal and apical) at embryonic day (E)12.5 and E14.5 in the developing cortex of Robo1(-/-), Slit1(-/-), and Slit1(-/-)/Slit2(-/-), but not in mice lacking the other Robo or Slit genes. Using layer-specific markers, we found that both early- and late-born pyramidal neuron populations were significantly increased in the cortices of Robo1(-/-) mice at the end of corticogenesis (E18.5). The excess number of cortical pyramidal neurons generated prenatally appears to die in early postnatal life. The observed increase in pyramidal neurons was due to prolonged proliferative activity of their progenitors and not due to changes in cell cycle events. This finding, confirmed by in utero electroporation with Robo1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or control constructs into progenitors along the ventricular zone as well as in dissociated cortical cell cultures, points to a novel role for Robo1 in regulating the proliferation and generation of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason L. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - Yuko Gonda
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mathilda T. M. Mommersteeg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - Melissa Barber
- Institut Jacques-Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, 75201 Paris, France, and
| | | | - Carina Hanashima
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - John G. Parnavelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - William D. Andrews
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
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28
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Chen YP, Jin X, Xiang Z, Chen SH, Li YM. Circulating MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int 2013; 33:1257-65. [PMID: 23682678 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate serum miRNA profile in alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), evaluate its effect as non-invasive diagnostic tool and to study its targets' function. METHODS Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were utilized to detect serum miRNAs pattern in a rat ASH model, followed by target prediction with bioinformatics calculation. The functions and pathways of miRNAs' targets were analysed using databases of Gene Ontology and KEGG. The association between dysregulated miRNAs and genes was assessed by MiR-Gene Network. Five top dysregulated miRNAs were also verified in humans. RESULTS Eight up-regulated and three down-regulated serum miRNAs were selected as an accurate molecular signature in distinguishing ASH from control. For up-regulated miRNAs, 122 GO and 144 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched, including apoptosis, lipid metabolic process, PPAR signalling pathway. For down-regulated miRNAs, 86 GO and 104 KEGG pathways were enriched, including fatty acid metabolism and insulin signalling pathway. Besides, Ccdc117, Gcom1, Zmynd11 and Zfp423 were found at top list as under common regulation of maximum miRNAs. Moreover, miR-214 had the highest degree of 63 among all miRNAs, followed by miR-203 and miR-539. Similarly, Stat3 and Lyn showed the highest degree of 5 among all downstream targets. All significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) revealed that five top dysregulated miRNAs showed the same tendency in humans. CONCLUSION We have reported a unique serum miRNA pattern for non-invasive diagnosis of ASH and provided data reservoir for miRNA and downstream targets exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-peng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cho YW, Hong CJ, Hou A, Gent PM, Zhang K, Won KJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 binds autoregulatory sites in p19 cell culture model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66514. [PMID: 23762491 PMCID: PMC3675209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 is a 30 zinc finger transcription factor that forms regulatory complexes with EBF family members and factors targeted by canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations produce a range of developmental abnormalities in mice and humans related to the ciliopathies. Surprisingly, computational analysis of clustered Zfp423 and partner motifs in conserved genomic sequences predicts enrichment in Zfp423 and Ebf genes. In cell culture models selected for Zfp423 and EBF expression, we identify strong and reproducible occupancy of two Zfp423 intronic sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation with multiple independent antibodies. Both sites are significantly enriched in either quantitative PCR or massively parallel sequencing assays. A site in intron 5 acts as a classical enhancer in transient assays, but does not require the consensus motif for activity, suggesting a redundant or modulatory role for Zfp423 binding in this context. We speculate that Zfp423 may repress this enhancer as part of a developmental ratchet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chen-Jei Hong
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aiju Hou
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Gent
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kuixing Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kato Y. The multiple roles of Notch signaling during left-right patterning. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2555-67. [PMID: 21544546 PMCID: PMC11114802 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry is regulated by intricate signaling mechanisms during embryogenesis and this asymmetry is critical for morphogenesis as well as the positioning of internal organs within the organism. Recent progress including elucidation of ion transporters, leftward nodal flow, and regulation of asymmetric gene expression contributes to our understanding of how the breaking of the symmetry is initiated and how this laterality information is subsequently transmitted to the organ primordium. A number of developmental signaling pathways have been implicated in this complex process. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the Notch signaling pathway during development of LR asymmetry. The Notch signaling pathway is a short-range communication system between neighboring cells. While Notch signaling plays essential roles in regulating the morphogenesis of the node and left-specific expression of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm, a hallmark gene in LR patterning, Notch signaling also suppresses the expression of Pitx2 that is a direct downstream target of Nodal during later stages of development. This negative activity of Notch signaling towards left-specific activity was recently shown to be inhibited by the B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)/BCL6 co-repressor (BcoR) transcriptional repressor complex in a target-specific manner. The complex regulation of Notch-dependent gene expression for LR asymmetry will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Alcaraz WA, Chen E, Valdes P, Kim E, Lo YH, Vo J, Hamilton BA. Modifier genes and non-genetic factors reshape anatomical deficits in Zfp423-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3822-30. [PMID: 21729880 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of neural circuitry depends on the integration of signaling pathways to coordinate specification, proliferation and differentiation of cell types in the right number, in the right place, at the right time. Zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), a 30-zinc finger transcription factor, forms alternate complexes with components of several developmental signaling pathways, suggesting it as a point of signal integration during brain development. We previously showed that mice lacking Zfp423 have reduced proliferation of cerebellar precursor cells, resulting in complete loss of vermis and variable hypoplasia of cerebellar hemispheres. Here, we show that Zfp423(-/-) hemisphere malformations are shaped by both genetic and non-genetic factors, producing distinct phenotype distributions in different inbred genetic backgrounds. In genetic mapping studies, we identify four additive modifier loci (Amzn1-4) and seven synthetically interacting loci (Smzn1.1-3.1) that together explain approximately one-third of the phenotypic variance. Strain-specific sequence polymorphism and expression data provide a reduced list of functional variant candidate genes at each modifier locus. Environmental covariates add only modest explanatory power, suggesting an additional stochastic component. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of sources of phenotype variation in a model of hindbrain malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Alcaraz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program,, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0644, USA
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