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Lin PH, Xu Y, Bali SK, Kim J, Gimeno A, Roberts ET, James D, Almeida NMS, Loganathan N, Fan F, Wilson AK, Jonathan Amster I, Moremen KW, Liu J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Huang X. Solid-Phase-Supported Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Glycopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405671. [PMID: 38781001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), consisting of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked with the core protein through a tetrasaccharide linkage region, play roles in many important biological events. The chemical synthesis of PG glycopeptides is extremely challenging. In this work, the enzymes required for synthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) PG (CSPG) have been expressed and the suitable sequence of enzymatic reactions has been established. To expedite CSPG synthesis, the peptide acceptor was immobilized on solid phase and the glycan units were directly installed enzymatically onto the peptide. Subsequent enzymatic chain elongation and sulfation led to the successful synthesis of CSPG glycopeptides. The CS dodecasaccharide glycopeptide was the longest homogeneous CS glycopeptide synthesized to date. The enzymatic synthesis was much more efficient than the chemical synthesis of the corresponding CS glycopeptides, which could reduce the total number of synthetic steps by 80 %. The structures of the CS glycopeptides were confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis and NMR studies. In addition, the interactions between the CS glycopeptides and cathepsin G were studied. The sulfation of glycan chain was found to be important for binding with cathepsin G. This efficient chemoenzymatic strategy opens new avenues to investigate the structures and functions of PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Semiha Kevser Bali
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Jandi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CICbioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Elijah T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Deepak James
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Nuno M S Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Narasimhan Loganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CICbioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Department of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, United States
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Gao J, Huang X. Recent advances on glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the proteoglycan linkage region. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:95-119. [PMID: 34872657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are an essential family of glycoproteins, which can play roles in many important biological events including cell proliferation, cancer development, and pathogen infections. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein with one or multiple glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which are covalently attached to serine residues of serine-glycine dipeptide within the core protein through a common tetrasaccharide linkage. In the past three decades, four key glycosyl transferases involved in the biosynthesis of PG linkage have been discovered and investigated. This review aims to provide an overview on progress made on these four enzymes, with foci on enzyme expression/purification, substrate specificity, activity determination, product characterization, and structure-activity relationship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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3
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Gao J, Lin PH, Nick ST, Liu K, Yu K, Hohenester E, Huang X. Exploration of human xylosyltransferase for chemoenzymatic synthesis of proteoglycan linkage region. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3374-3378. [PMID: 33899899 PMCID: PMC8084078 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) play important roles in many biological processes including tumor progression, cell adhesion, and regulation of growth factor activities. With glycosaminoglycan chains attached to the core proteins in nature, PGs are highly challenging synthetic targets due to the difficulties in integrating the sulfated glycans with the peptide backbone. To expedite the synthesis, herein, the utility of human xylosyltransferase I (XT-I), the enzyme responsible for initiating PG synthesis, has been explored. XT-I was found to be capable of efficiently installing the xylose unit onto a variety of peptide structures on mg scales. Furthermore, an unnatural sugar, i.e., 6-azidoglucose can be transferred by XT-I introducing a reactive handle onto the glycopeptide for selective functionalization. XT-I can be coupled with β-4-galactosyl transferase-7 for one pot synthesis of glycopeptides bearing galactose-xylose disaccharide, paving the way toward efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of PG glycopeptides and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kunli Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kefei Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Erhard Hohenester
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Gao J, Lin PH, Nick ST, Huang J, Tykesson E, Ellervik U, Li L, Huang X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptides Bearing Galactose-Xylose Disaccharide from the Proteoglycan Linkage Region. Org Lett 2021; 23:1738-1741. [PMID: 33576634 PMCID: PMC8116978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans have important biological activities. To improve the overall synthetic efficiency, a new chemoenzymatic route has been established for the proteoglycan linkage region bearing a galactose-xylose disaccharide. The xylosylated glycopeptides were synthesized via solid phase synthesis, which was followed by the addition of the galactose unit by the galactosyl transferase β4GalT7. This work leads to a better understanding of the acceptor preference of β4GalT7 and opens the door for expeditious synthesis of the proteoglycan linkage region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Tang W, Li M, Qi X, Li J. β1,4-Galactosyltransferase V Modulates Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52:1084-1102. [PMID: 32599982 PMCID: PMC7577798 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) contribute to the initiation, development, and recurrence of breast carcinomas. β1,4-Galactosyltransferase V (B4GalT5), which catalyzes the addition of galactose to GlcNAcβ1-4Man of N-glycans, is involved in embryogenesis. However, its role in the modulation of BCSCs remains unknown. Materials and Methods The relationship between B4GalT5 and breast cancer stemness was investigated by online clinical databases and immunohistochemistry analysis. Mammosphere formation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and in-vivo assays were used to evaluate B4GalT5 expression in BCSCs and its effect on BCSCs. B4GalT5 regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was examined by immunofluorescence and Ricinus communis agglutinin I pull-down assays. Cell surface biotinylation and FACS assays were performed to assess the association of cell surface B4GalT5 and BCSCs. RESULTS B4GalT5, but not other B4GalTs, was highly correlated with BCSC markers and poor prognosis. B4GalT5 significantly increased the stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and promoted the production of CD44+CD24-/low cells and the formation of mammospheres. Furthermore, B4GalT5 overexpression resulted in dramatic tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, B4GalT5 modified and protected Frizzled-1 from degradation via the lysosomal pathway, promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling which was hyperactivated in BCSCs. B4GalT5, located on the surface of a small subset of breast carcinoma cells, was not responsible for the stemness of BCSCs. CONCLUSION B4GalT5 modulates the stemness of breast cancer through glycosylation modification to stabilize Frizzled-1 and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling independent of its cell surface location. Our studies highlight a previously unknown role of B4GalT5 in regulating the stemness of breast cancer and provide a potential drug target for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Tick galactosyltransferases are involved in α-Gal synthesis and play a role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and Ixodes scapularis tick vector development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14224. [PMID: 30242261 PMCID: PMC6154994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) is produced in all mammals except for humans, apes and old world monkeys that lost the ability to synthetize this carbohydrate. Therefore, humans can produce high antibody titers against α-Gal. Anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies have been associated with tick-induced allergy (i.e. α-Gal syndrome) and anti-α-Gal IgG/IgM antibodies may be involved in protection against malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The α-Gal on tick salivary proteins plays an important role in the etiology of the α-Gal syndrome. However, whether ticks are able to produce endogenous α-Gal remains currently unknown. In this study, the Ixodes scapularis genome was searched for galactosyltransferases and three genes were identified as potentially involved in the synthesis of α-Gal. Heterologous gene expression in α-Gal-negative cells and gene knockdown in ticks confirmed that these genes were involved in α-Gal synthesis and are essential for tick feeding. Furthermore, these genes were shown to play an important role in tick-pathogen interactions. Results suggested that tick cells increased α-Gal levels in response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection to control bacterial infection. These results provided the molecular basis of endogenous α-Gal production in ticks and suggested that tick galactosyltransferases are involved in vector development, tick-pathogen interactions and possibly the etiology of α-Gal syndrome in humans.
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Dahbi S, Jacquinet JC, Bertin-Jung I, Robert A, Ramalanjaona N, Gulberti S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Lopin-Bon C. Synthesis of a library of variously modified 4-methylumbelliferyl xylosides and a structure-activity study of human β4GalT7. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9653-9669. [PMID: 29116283 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02530k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are complex macromolecules that are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently attached to a core protein through a tetrasaccharide linker. The biosynthesis of PGs is complex and involves a large number of glycosyltranferases. Here we present a structure-activity study of human β4GalT7, which transfers the first Gal residue onto a xyloside moiety of the linkage region. An efficient and regiocontrolled synthesis of a library of modified analogs of 4-methylumbelliferyl xyloside (XylMU) is reported herein. Hydroxyl groups at the position C-2, C-3 or C-4 have been epimerized and/or replaced by a hydrogen or a fluorine, while the anomeric oxygen was replaced by either a sulfur or a sulfone. The effect of these compounds on human β4GalT7 activity in vitro and on GAG biosynthesis in cellulo was then evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Dahbi
- Univ. Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France.
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Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:8-26. [PMID: 28306229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTDs) characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Over the past two decades, the Villefranche Nosology, which delineated six subtypes, has been widely used as the standard for clinical diagnosis of EDS. For most of these subtypes, mutations had been identified in collagen-encoding genes, or in genes encoding collagen-modifying enzymes. Since its publication in 1998, a whole spectrum of novel EDS subtypes has been described, and mutations have been identified in an array of novel genes. The International EDS Consortium proposes a revised EDS classification, which recognizes 13 subtypes. For each of the subtypes, we propose a set of clinical criteria that are suggestive for the diagnosis. However, in view of the vast genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic variability of the EDS subtypes, and the clinical overlap between EDS subtypes, but also with other HCTDs, the definite diagnosis of all EDS subtypes, except for the hypermobile type, relies on molecular confirmation with identification of (a) causative genetic variant(s). We also revised the clinical criteria for hypermobile EDS in order to allow for a better distinction from other joint hypermobility disorders. To satisfy research needs, we also propose a pathogenetic scheme, that regroups EDS subtypes for which the causative proteins function within the same pathway. We hope that the revised International EDS Classification will serve as a new standard for the diagnosis of EDS and will provide a framework for future research purposes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Chatron-Colliet A, Brusa C, Bertin-Jung I, Gulberti S, Ramalanjaona N, Fournel-Gigleux S, Brézillon S, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R, Rémond C, Wegrowski Y. 'Click'-xylosides as initiators of the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans: Comparison of mono-xylosides with xylobiosides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:319-326. [PMID: 27618481 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different mono-xylosides and their corresponding xylobiosides obtained by a chemo-enzymatic approach featuring various substituents attached to a triazole ring were probed as priming agents for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis in the xylosyltransferase-deficient pgsA-745 Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Xylosides containing a hydrophobic aglycone moiety were the most efficient priming agents. Mono-xylosides induced higher GAG biosynthesis in comparison with their corresponding xylobiosides. The influence of the degree of polymerization of the carbohydrate part on the priming activity was investigated through different experiments. We demonstrated that in case of mono-xylosides, the cellular uptake as well as the affinity and the catalytic efficiency of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 were higher than for xylobiosides. Altogether, these results indicate that hydrophobicity of the aglycone and degree of polymerization of glycone moiety were critical factors for an optimal priming activity for GAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Chatron-Colliet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Brusa
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, INRA, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Bertin-Jung
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Gulberti
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Nick Ramalanjaona
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux
- MolCelTEG Team and Glyco-Fluo platform (UMR 7365 and FR3209) Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, INRA, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Yanusz Wegrowski
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims Cedex, France
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Saliba M, Ramalanjaona N, Gulberti S, Bertin-Jung I, Thomas A, Dahbi S, Lopin-Bon C, Jacquinet JC, Breton C, Ouzzine M, Fournel-Gigleux S. Probing the acceptor active site organization of the human recombinant β1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 and design of xyloside-based inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7658-70. [PMID: 25568325 PMCID: PMC4367269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthetic enzymes, the human β1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 (hβ4GalT7) is characterized by its unique capacity to take over xyloside derivatives linked to a hydrophobic aglycone as substrates and/or inhibitors. This glycosyltransferase is thus a prime target for the development of regulators of GAG synthesis in therapeutics. Here, we report the structure-guided design of hβ4GalT7 inhibitors. By combining molecular modeling, in vitro mutagenesis, and kinetic measurements, and in cellulo analysis of GAG anabolism and decorin glycosylation, we mapped the organization of the acceptor binding pocket, in complex with 4-methylumbelliferone-xylopyranoside as prototype substrate. We show that its organization is governed, on one side, by three tyrosine residues, Tyr194, Tyr196, and Tyr199, which create a hydrophobic environment and provide stacking interactions with both xylopyranoside and aglycone rings. On the opposite side, a hydrogen-bond network is established between the charged amino acids Asp228, Asp229, and Arg226, and the hydroxyl groups of xylose. We identified two key structural features, i.e. the strategic position of Tyr194 forming stacking interactions with the aglycone, and the hydrogen bond between the His195 nitrogen backbone and the carbonyl group of the coumarinyl molecule to develop a tight binder of hβ4GalT7. This led to the synthesis of 4-deoxy-4-fluoroxylose linked to 4-methylumbelliferone that inhibited hβ4GalT7 activity in vitro with a Ki 10 times lower than the Km value and efficiently impaired GAG synthesis in a cell assay. This study provides a valuable probe for the investigation of GAG biology and opens avenues toward the development of bioactive compounds to correct GAG synthesis disorders implicated in different types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineem Saliba
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex
| | - Nick Ramalanjaona
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex
| | - Sandrine Gulberti
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex
| | - Isabelle Bertin-Jung
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex
| | - Aline Thomas
- the University Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, and
| | - Samir Dahbi
- the UMR 7311 CNRS-Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Chrystel Lopin-Bon
- the UMR 7311 CNRS-Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Jean-Claude Jacquinet
- the UMR 7311 CNRS-Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Christelle Breton
- the University Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, and
| | - Mohamed Ouzzine
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex
| | - Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux
- From the UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle-Faculté de Médecine, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex,
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Siegbahn A, Manner S, Persson A, Tykesson E, Holmqvist K, Ochocinska A, Rönnols J, Sundin A, Mani K, Westergren-Thorsson G, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Rules for priming and inhibition of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis; probing the β4GalT7 active site. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylose is the optimal substrate for β4GalT7, an essential enzyme in GAG biosynthesis, but analogs act as effective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siegbahn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Holmqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Ochocinska
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jerk Rönnols
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Mani
- Department of Experimental Medical Science
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Tsutsui Y, Ramakrishnan B, Qasba PK. Crystal structures of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 enzyme reveal conformational changes and substrate binding. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31963-70. [PMID: 24052259 PMCID: PMC3814792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 (β4GalT7) enzyme is involved in proteoglycan synthesis. In the presence of a manganese ion, it transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to xylose on a proteoglycan acceptor substrate. We present here the crystal structures of human β4GalT7 in open and closed conformations. A comparison of these crystal structures shows that, upon manganese and UDP or UDP-Gal binding, the enzyme undergoes conformational changes involving a small and a long loop. We also present the crystal structures of Drosophila wild-type β4GalT7 and D211N β4GalT7 mutant enzymes in the closed conformation in the presence of the acceptor substrate xylobiose and the donor substrate UDP-Gal, respectively. To understand the catalytic mechanism, we have crystallized the ternary complex of D211N β4GalT7 mutant enzyme in the presence of manganese with the donor and the acceptor substrates together in the same crystal structure. The galactose moiety of the bound UDP-Gal molecule forms seven hydrogen bonds with the protein molecule. The nonreducing end of the xylose moiety of xylobiose binds to the hydrophobic acceptor sugar binding pocket created by the conformational changes, whereas its extended xylose moiety forms hydrophobic interactions with a Tyr residue. In the ternary complex crystal structure, the nucleophile O4 oxygen atom of the xylose molecule is found in close proximity to the C1 and O5 atoms of the galactose moiety. This is the first time that a Michaelis complex of a glycosyltransferase has been described, and it clearly suggests an SN2 type catalytic mechanism for the β4GalT7 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tsutsui
- From the Structural Glycobiology Section and Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Boopathy Ramakrishnan
- From the Structural Glycobiology Section and Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Pradman K. Qasba
- From the Structural Glycobiology Section and Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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13
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Malfait F, Kariminejad A, Van Damme T, Gauche C, Syx D, Merhi-Soussi F, Gulberti S, Symoens S, Vanhauwaert S, Willaert A, Bozorgmehr B, Kariminejad M, Ebrahimiadib N, Hausser I, Huysseune A, Fournel-Gigleux S, De Paepe A. Defective initiation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis due to B3GALT6 mutations causes a pleiotropic Ehlers-Danlos-syndrome-like connective tissue disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:935-45. [PMID: 23664118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are important components of cell plasma membranes and extracellular matrices of connective tissues. They consist of glycosaminoglycan chains attached to a core protein via a tetrasaccharide linkage, whereby the addition of the third residue is catalyzed by galactosyltransferase II (β3GalT6), encoded by B3GALT6. Homozygosity mapping and candidate gene sequence analysis in three independent families, presenting a severe autosomal-recessive connective tissue disorder characterized by skin fragility, delayed wound healing, joint hyperlaxity and contractures, muscle hypotonia, intellectual disability, and a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with bone fragility and severe kyphoscoliosis, identified biallelic B3GALT6 mutations, including homozygous missense mutations in family 1 (c.619G>C [p.Asp207His]) and family 3 (c.649G>A [p.Gly217Ser]) and compound heterozygous mutations in family 2 (c.323_344del [p.Ala108Glyfs(∗)163], c.619G>C [p.Asp207His]). The phenotype overlaps with several recessive Ehlers-Danlos variants and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint hyperlaxity. Affected individuals' fibroblasts exhibited a large decrease in ability to prime glycosaminoglycan synthesis together with impaired glycanation of the small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan decorin, confirming β3GalT6 loss of function. Dermal electron microcopy disclosed abnormalities in collagen fibril organization, in line with the important regulatory role of decorin in this process. A strong reduction in heparan sulfate level was also observed, indicating that β3GalT6 deficiency alters synthesis of both main types of glycosaminoglycans. In vitro wound healing assay revealed a significant delay in fibroblasts from two index individuals, pointing to a role for glycosaminoglycan defect in impaired wound repair in vivo. Our study emphasizes a crucial role for β3GalT6 in multiple major developmental and pathophysiological processes.
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14
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Zhou H, Ma H, Wei W, Ji D, Song X, Sun J, Zhang J, Jia L. B4GALT family mediates the multidrug resistance of human leukemia cells by regulating the hedgehog pathway and the expression of p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e654. [PMID: 23744354 PMCID: PMC3698553 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase gene (B4GALT) family consists of seven members, which encode corresponding enzymes known as type II membrane-bound glycoproteins. These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures, and have been recognized to be involved in various diseases. In this study, we sought to determine the expressional profiles of B4GALT family in four pairs of parental and chemoresistant human leukemia cell lines and in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of leukemia patients with multidrug resistance (MDR). The results revealed that B4GALT1 and B4GALT5 were highly expressed in four MDR cells and patients, altered levels of B4GALT1 and B4GALT5 were responsible for changed drug-resistant phenotype of HL60 and HL60/adriamycin-resistant cells. Further data showed that manipulation of these two gene expression led to increased or decreased activity of hedgehog (Hh) signaling and proportionally mutative expression of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1) that are both known to be related to MDR. Thus, we propose that B4GALT1 and B4GALT5, two members of B4GALT gene family, are involved in the development of MDR of human leukemia cells, probably by regulating the activity of Hh signaling and the expression of P-gp and MRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Breton C, Fournel-Gigleux S, Palcic MM. Recent structures, evolution and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:540-9. [PMID: 22819665 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular glycome assembly requires the coordinated action of a large number of glycosyltransferases that catalyse the transfer of a sugar residue from a donor to specific acceptor molecules. This enzyme family is very ancient, encompassing all three domains of life. There has been considerable recent progress in structural glycobiology with the determination of crystal structures of several important glycosyltransferase members, showing novel folds and variations around a common α/β scaffold. Structural, kinetic and inhibitor data have led to the emergence of various scenarios with respect to their evolutionary history and reaction mechanisms thus highlighting the different solutions that nature has selected to catalyse glycosyl transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Breton
- CERMAV-CNRS, University of Grenoble 1, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France.
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16
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Meech R, Miners JO, Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI. The glycosidation of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds: Versatility and redundancy in the UDP glycosyltransferase superfamily. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:200-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Gulberti S, Jacquinet JC, Chabel M, Ramalanjaona N, Magdalou J, Netter P, Coughtrie MWH, Ouzzine M, Fournel-Gigleux S. Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (CSGalNAcT-1) involved in chondroitin sulfate initiation: Impact of sulfation on activity and specificity. Glycobiology 2011; 22:561-71. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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18
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O'Connell MP, Weeraratna AT. A spoonful of sugar makes the melanoma go: the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in melanoma metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:1133-47. [PMID: 21978367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been shown to regulate signaling in many systems and are of increasing interest in cancer. While these are not the only sugars to drive melanoma metastasis, HSPGs play important roles in driving metastatic signaling cascades in melanoma. The ability of these proteins to modulate ligand-receptor interactions in melanoma has been quite understudied. Recent data from several groups indicate the importance of these ligands in modulating key signaling pathways including Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure and function of these proteoglycans and their role in melanoma. Understanding how HSPGs modulate signaling in melanoma could lead to new therapeutic approaches via the dampening or heightening of key signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P O'Connell
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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20
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García-García JF, Corrales G, Casas J, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García-Junceda E. Synthesis and evaluation of xylopyranoside derivatives as “decoy acceptors” of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1312-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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