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Jena MK, Khan FB, Ali SA, Abdullah A, Sharma AK, Yadav V, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, Sahoo AK, Rath PK, Taneera J, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Goh KW, Ming LC, Ardianto C. Molecular complexity of mammary glands development: a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:491-508. [PMID: 37694522 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Amarish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Li M, Zheng Y, Li X, Shen X, Zhang T, Weng B, Mao H, Zhao J. ATBF1 is a potential diagnostic marker of histological grade and functions via WNT5A in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1280. [PMID: 36476423 PMCID: PMC9727999 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological grade has been demonstrated to be an important factor of breast cancer outcome and is associated with cell differentiation and is currently being evaluated via H&E-stained sections. Molecular biomarkers are essential to improve the accuracy of histological grading. ATBF1, a large transcription factor, has been considered a tumor suppressor gene with frequent mutations or deletions in multiple cancers. In breast cancer, ATBF1 was reported to function in cell differentiation and mammary development. However, its role in the clinic has rarely been reported. METHODS Breast cancer tissues (BCTs) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs) were collected to analyze the expression of ATBF1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Three anti-ATBF1 antibodies recognizing independent peptides of ATBF1 (N-terminal end, middle region and C-terminal end) were applied for IHC staining. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence ATBF1 expression and to investigate the roles of ATBF1 in MCF7 cells. Microarrays were introduced to analyze the differentially expressed genes, enriched GO terms and KEGG terms regulated by ATBF1 and its potential downstream genes, which were further confirmed in vitro and in clinical samples. RESULTS The expression of ATBF1 was reduced in BCTs at both the mRNA and protein levels compared with that in ANCTs. ATBF1 protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus of ANCTs but in the cytoplasm of BCTs. Both the mRNA and protein levels of ATBF1 were significantly correlated with histological grade. Consistently, knockdown of ATBF1 increased stemness marker expression and reduced differentiation markers in vitro. Further analysis identified WNT5A as an essential downstream gene of ATBF1 in breast cancer cells. Treatment of WNT5A disrupted cell proliferation induced by ATBF1 silencing. In BCTs, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of WNT5A and ATBF1. CONCLUSION The results indicated that ATBF1 expression might be a useful diagnostic marker associated with histological grade and breast cancer malignancy. WNT5A and its signaling pathway are novel mechanisms by which ATBF1 contributes to breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211 China ,Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Xujun Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohan Shen
- Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Tingxia Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Bowen Weng
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Haijiao Mao
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Jiyuan Zhao
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211 China
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Fu X, Zhang Z, Liu M, Li J, A J, Fu L, Huang C, Dong JT. AR imposes different effects on ZFHX3 transcription depending on androgen status in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:800-812. [PMID: 34953044 PMCID: PMC8817138 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both androgen receptor (AR) and the ZFHX3 transcription factor modulate prostate development. While AR drives prostatic carcinogenesis, ZFHX3 is a tumour suppressor whose loss activates the PI3K/AKT signalling in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, it is unknown whether ZFHX3 and AR are functionally related in PCa cells and, if so, how. Here, we report that in AR-positive LNCaP and C4-2B PCa cells, androgen upregulates ZFHX3 transcription via androgen-induced AR binding to the androgen-responsive elements (AREs) of the ZFHX3 promoter. Androgen also upregulated ZFHX3 transcription in vivo, as castration dramatically reduced Zfhx3 mRNA and protein levels in mouse prostates, and ZFHX3 mRNA levels correlated with AR activities in human PCa. Interestingly, the binding of AR to one ARE occurred in the absence of androgen, and the binding repressed ZFHX3 transcription as this repressive binding was interrupted by androgen treatment. The enzalutamide antiandrogen prevented androgen from inducing ZFHX3 transcription and caused excess ZFHX3 protein degradation. In human PCa, ZFHX3 was downregulated and the downregulation correlated with worse patient survival. These findings establish a regulatory relationship between AR and ZFHX3, suggest a role of ZFHX3 in AR function and implicate ZFHX3 loss in the antiandrogen therapies of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun A
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Lkhagva B, Lin Y, Chen Y, Cheng W, Higa S, Kao Y, Chen Y. ZFHX3 knockdown dysregulates mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in atrial myocytes through enhanced oxidative stress and calcium overload. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13604. [PMID: 33332716 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of zinc finger homeobox 3 gene (ZFHX3) in tachypacing-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore its molecular mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Through a bioluminescent assay, a patch clamp, confocal fluorescence and fluorescence microscopy, microplate enzyme activity assays and Western blotting, we studied ATP and ADP production, mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex activities, ATP-sensitive potassium channels (IKATP ), mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ content, and protein expression in control and ZFHX3 knockdown (KD) HL-1 cells subjected to 1 and 5-Hz pacing for 24 hours. RESULTS Compared with 1-Hz pacing, 5-Hz pacing increased ATP and ADP production, IKATP , phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 ) receptor (IP3 R) protein expression. Tachypacing induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload in both cell types. Furthermore, under 1- and 5-Hz pacing, ZFHX3 KD cells showed higher IKATP , ATP and ADP production, mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ content than control cells. Under 5-Hz pacing, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB; 3 μmol/L, an IP3 R inhibitor) and MitoTEMPO (10 µmol/L, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) reduced ADP and increased ATP production in both cell types; however, only 2-APB significantly reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in control cells. Under 5-Hz pacing, mitochondrial oxidative stress was significantly reduced by both MitoTEMPO and 2-APB and only by 2-APB in control and ZFHX3 KD cells respectively. CONCLUSION ZFHX3 KD cells modulate mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and metabolic disorder. Targeting IP3 R signalling or oxidative stress could reduce AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baigalmaa Lkhagva
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wan‐Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Makiminato Central Hospital Okinawa Japan
| | - Yu‐Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research Wan‐Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research CenterWan‐Fang HospitalTaipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
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Dong G, Ma G, Wu R, Liu J, Liu M, Gao A, Li X, A J, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Fu L, Dong JT. ZFHX3 Promotes the Proliferation and Tumor Growth of ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Likely by Enhancing Stem-Like Features and MYC and TBX3 Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113415. [PMID: 33217982 PMCID: PMC7698617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is a common malignancy, but the understanding of its cellular and molecular mechanisms is limited. The ZFHX3 transcription factor regulates mammary epithelial cells’ proliferation and differentiation by interacting with estrogen and progesterone receptors. Both these receptors play crucial roles in breast cancer development, but whether ZFHX3 also impacts breast cancer is unknown. In this study, the authors aim to determine if ZFHX3 promotes breast cancer cells’ proliferation and tumor growth and explore the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Higher ZFHX3 expression is associated with worse patient survival in breast cancer, ZFHX3 promotes the proliferation and tumor growth of breast cancer cells, and several breast cancer stem cell factors appear to be involved in the role of ZFHX3 in breast cancer growth. The findings suggest that ZFHX3 is a novel oncogenic molecule promoting breast cancer development. Such a molecule could provide novel opportunities for the treatment of breast cancer. Abstract Breast cancer is a common malignancy, but the understanding of its cellular and molecular mechanisms is limited. ZFHX3, a transcription factor with many homeodomains and zinc fingers, suppresses prostatic carcinogenesis but promotes tumor growth of liver cancer cells. ZFHX3 regulates mammary epithelial cells’ proliferation and differentiation by interacting with estrogen and progesterone receptors, potent breast cancer regulators. However, whether ZFHX3 plays a role in breast carcinogenesis is unknown. Here, we found that ZFHX3 promoted the proliferation and tumor growth of breast cancer cells in culture and nude mice; and higher expression of ZFHX3 in human breast cancer specimens was associated with poorer prognosis. The knockdown of ZFHX3 in ZFHX3-high MCF-7 cells decreased, and ZFHX3 overexpression in ZFHX3-low T-47D cells increased the proportion of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) defined by mammosphere formation and the expression of CD44, CD24, and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Among several transcription factors that have been implicated in BCSCs, MYC and TBX3 were transcriptionally activated by ZFHX3 via promoter binding, as demonstrated by luciferase-reporter and ChIP assays. These findings suggest that ZFHX3 promotes breast cancer cells’ proliferation and tumor growth likely by enhancing BCSC features and upregulating MYC, TBX3, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Xiawei Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jun A
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (G.D.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (A.G.); (X.L.); (J.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen 518055, China; (R.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen Z, Yang HJ, Lin Q, Zhu MJ, Yu YY, He XY, Wan XP. Estrogen-ERα signaling and DNA hypomethylation co-regulate expression of stem cell protein PIWIL1 in ERα-positive endometrial cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:84. [PMID: 32503542 PMCID: PMC7275358 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously identified PIWIL1 as an oncogene involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of Piwil1 mediated regulation of tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. Methods The expression levels of target genes in endometrial cancer cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Up- or down-regulation of ERα or PIWIL1 was achieved by transient transfection with expressing plasmids or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to demonstrate the ERα bound to the half estrogen response element (half-ERE) located in PIWIL1 promoter. The expression of PIWIL1 and ERα in endometrial carcinoma tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. The proliferation ability of cancer cells were evaluated by MTT. Methylation status of the PIWIL1 promoter was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Results In the present study, we found that PIWIL1 mediated E2-stimulated cancer cell proliferation. In ERα-positive endometrial cancer cells, we demonstrated that estrogen-ERα signaling significantly up-regulated the expression of PIWIL1, which was mediated by binding of the ERα onto the PIWIL1 promoter. Furthermore, we found that a half-ERE in the PIWIL1 promoter was essential for ERα binding. The PIWIL1 promoter was hypomethylated in ERα-positive endometrial cancer cells. Treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) could up-regulate PIWIL1 expression. Conclusions These findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism by which estrogen-ERα signaling and DNA hypomethylation co-regulate PIWIL1 expression. These findings provide novel insights into the hormonal regulation of PIWIL1 in endometrial cancer and the PIWIL1’s role in estrogen-stimulated endometrial carcinogenesis. Video Abstract. (MP4 41319 kb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jiao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, No. 536, Changle Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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ATBF1 Participates in Dual Functions of TGF-β via Regulation of Gene Expression and Protein Translocalization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050807. [PMID: 32456355 PMCID: PMC7277730 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a critical cytokine to regulate multiple pathophysiological functions. For tumor development and progression, TGF-β was reported to play dual functions as a tumor suppressor and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer. The mechanism of the TGF-β signaling pathway is essential for TGF-β/Smad-targeted therapy in clinic. Here, ATBF1 was demonstrated to participate in dual functions of TGF-β via different ways. On one hand, ATBF1 expression level was associated with EMT and migration induced by TGF-β. After TGF-β treatment, ATBF1 expression was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner, along with the alteration of cell morphology and EMT marker expression. Knockdown of ATBF1 by siRNA further promoted EMT progression and cell migration. On the other hand, ATBF1 localization was associated with cell proliferation inhibited by TGF-β. The number of cells with nucleus localization of ATBF1 in TGF-β activation group was much higher than that in control group. After that, knockdown of ATBF1 by siRNA rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation affected by TGF-β. These data revealed that ATBF1 is a key gene for the dual roles of TGF-β, which may contribute to future therapy.
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Fu C, An N, Liu J, A J, Zhang B, Liu M, Zhang Z, Fu L, Tian X, Wang D, Dong JT. The transcription factor ZFHX3 is crucial for the angiogenic function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in liver cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7060-7074. [PMID: 32277050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumorigenesis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is hypervascular and therefore very dependent on angiogenesis for tumor development and progression. Findings from previous studies suggest that in HCC cells, hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1A) and zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) transcription factors functionally interact in the regulation of genes in HCC cells. Here, we report that hypoxia increases the transcription of the ZFHX3 gene and enhances the binding of HIF1A to the ZFHX3 promoter in the HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7. Moreover, ZFHX3, in turn, physically associated with and was functionally indispensable for HIF1A to exert its angiogenic activity, as indicated by in vitro migration and tube formation assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvessel formation in xenograft tumors of HCC cells. Mechanistically, ZFHX3 was required for HIF1A to transcriptionally activate the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene by binding to its promoter. Functionally, down-regulation of ZFHX3 in HCC cells slowed their tumor growth, and addition of VEGFA to conditioned medium from ZFHX3-silenced HCC cells partially rescued the inhibitory effect of this medium on HUVEC tube formation. In human HCC, ZFHX3 expression was up-regulated, and this up-regulation correlated with both HIF1A up-regulation and worse patient survival, confirming a functional association between ZFHX3 and HIF1A in human HCC. We conclude that ZFHX3 is an angiogenic transcription factor that is integral to the HIF1A/VEGFA signaling axis in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun A
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Wu R, Fang J, Liu M, A J, Liu J, Chen W, Li J, Ma G, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Fu L, Dong JT. SUMOylation of the transcription factor ZFHX3 at Lys-2806 requires SAE1, UBC9, and PIAS2 and enhances its stability and function in cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6741-6753. [PMID: 32249212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) at a lysine residue and is crucial for the proper functions of many proteins, particularly of transcription factors, in various biological processes. Zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), also known as AT motif-binding factor 1 (ATBF1), is a large transcription factor that is active in multiple pathological processes, including atrial fibrillation and carcinogenesis, and in circadian regulation and development. We have previously demonstrated that ZFHX3 is SUMOylated at three or more lysine residues. Here, we investigated which enzymes regulate ZFHX3 SUMOylation and whether SUMOylation modulates ZFHX3 stability and function. We found that SUMO1, SUMO2, and SUMO3 each are conjugated to ZFHX3. Multiple lysine residues in ZFHX3 were SUMOylated, but Lys-2806 was the major SUMOylation site, and we also found that it is highly conserved among ZFHX3 orthologs from different animal species. Using molecular analyses, we identified the enzymes that mediate ZFHX3 SUMOylation; these included SUMO1-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1), an E1-activating enzyme; SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 (UBC9), an E2-conjugating enzyme; and protein inhibitor of activated STAT2 (PIAS2), an E3 ligase. Multiple analyses established that both SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) and SENP2 deSUMOylate ZFHX3. SUMOylation at Lys-2806 enhanced ZFHX3 stability by interfering with its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Functionally, Lys-2806 SUMOylation enabled ZFHX3-mediated cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. These findings reveal the enzymes involved in, and the functional consequences of, ZFHX3 SUMOylation, insights that may help shed light on ZFHX3's roles in various cellular and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun A
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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10
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Zhao D, Han X, Huang L, Wang J, Zhang X, Jeon JH, Zhao Q, Dong JT. Transcription factor ZFHX3 regulates calcium influx in mammary epithelial cells in part via the TRPV6 calcium channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:366-371. [PMID: 31519324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) is a transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic development. It is also involved in the function of steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone and the peptide hormone prolactin in mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether and how ZFHX3 regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis in mammary epithelial cells. We found that ZFHX3 affected both store operated calcium entry and store independent calcium entry (SOCE and SICE). Simultaneously, the expression of the calcium channel TRPV6 was regulated by ZFHX3, as demonstrated by expression analysis and luciferase reporter assay. In cells with knockdown of ZFHX3, calcium entry was partially rescued by the overexpression of wild type but not the pore mutants of TRPV6. In addition, overexpression of TRPV6 promoted differentiation of the MCF10A mammary epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture, which is consistent with our previous findings that ZFHX3 is essential for mammary gland differentiation. These findings suggest that ZFHX3 plays an important role in intracellular calcium homeostasis in mammary epithelial cells, at least in part, by regulating TRPV6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueying Han
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Miller JE, Metpally RP, Person TN, Krishnamurthy S, Dasari VR, Shivakumar M, Lavage DR, Cook AM, Carey DJ, Ritchie MD, Kim D, Gogoi R. Systematic characterization of germline variants from the DiscovEHR study endometrial carcinoma population. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:59. [PMID: 31053132 PMCID: PMC6499978 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EMCA) is the fifth most common cancer among women in the world. Identification of potentially pathogenic germline variants from individuals with EMCA will help characterize genetic features that underlie the disease and potentially predispose individuals to its pathogenesis. Methods The Geisinger Health System’s (GHS) DiscovEHR cohort includes exome sequencing on over 50,000 consenting patients, 297 of whom have evidence of an EMCA diagnosis in their electronic health record. Here, rare variants were annotated as potentially pathogenic. Results Eight genes were identified as having increased burden in the EMCA cohort relative to the non-cancer control cohort. None of the eight genes had an increased burden in the other hormone related cancer cohort from GHS, suggesting they can help characterize the underlying genetic variation that gives rise to EMCA. Comparing GHS to the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) EMCA germline data illustrated 34 genes with potentially pathogenic variation and eight unique potentially pathogenic variants that were present in both studies. Thus, similar germline variation among genes can be observed in unique EMCA cohorts and could help prioritize genes to investigate for future work. Conclusion In summary, this systematic characterization of potentially pathogenic germline variants describes the genetic underpinnings of EMCA through the use of data from a single hospital system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0504-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raghu P Metpally
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Thomas N Person
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | | | | | - Manu Shivakumar
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Daniel R Lavage
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Adam M Cook
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - David J Carey
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.,Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
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12
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ZFHX3 is indispensable for ERβ to inhibit cell proliferation via MYC downregulation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:28. [PMID: 30979864 PMCID: PMC6461672 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2, also known as estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)) and the zinc-finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also known as ATBF1 for AT motif-binding factor 1) modulate prostate development and suppress prostatic tumorigenesis in mice. ZFHX3 is integral to proper functions of ESR1 (i.e., estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)), which belongs to the same family of proteins as ESR2, but is hardly expressed in prostate epithelial cells. It is not clear how ZFHX3 suppresses prostatic tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated whether ZFHX3 and ERβ functionally interact with each other in the suppression of prostatic tumorigenesis. In two androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines, C4-2B and LNCaP, we first validated ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation and repression of MYC expression. We found that loss of ZFHX3 increased cell proliferation and MYC expression, and downregulation of MYC was necessary for ZFHX3 to inhibit cell proliferation in the same cell lines. Importantly, loss of ZFHX3 prevented ERβ from suppressing cell proliferation and repressing MYC transcription. Biochemically, ERβ and ZFHX3 physically interacted with each other and they both occupied the same region of the common MYC promoter, even though ZFHX3 also bound to another region of the MYC promoter. Higher levels of ZFHX3 and ERβ in human prostate cancer tissue samples correlated with better patient survival. These findings establish MYC repression as a mechanism for ZFHX3’s tumor suppressor activity and ZFHX3 as an indispensable factor for ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity in prostate cancer cells. Our data also suggest that intact ZFHX3 function is required for using ERβ-selective agonists to effectively treat prostate cancer.
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13
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Ma G, Gao A, Yang Y, He Y, Zhang X, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Li M, Fu X, Zhao D, Wu R, Qi L, Hu Q, Li J, Fu L, Zhu Z, Dong JT. Zfhx3 is essential for progesterone/progesterone receptor signaling to drive ductal side-branching and alveologenesis in mouse mammary glands. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:119-131. [PMID: 30954439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (Pg)/progesterone receptor (PR) signaling drives mammary gland side-branching and alveologenesis, but the mechanisms through which Pg/PR signaling functions remain to be clarified. Using in vitro and in vivo models and histological and molecular analyses, we determined the role of Zfhx3 transcription factor in mammary gland development driven by Pg/PR signaling. Postnatal deletion of Zfhx3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells attenuated side-branching morphogenesis and alveologenesis. These effects were undetectable in the absence of Pg/PR signaling. During the estrus cycle, Zfhx3 expression corresponded to that of Pg, being at the highest level at the diestrus stage; Zfhx3 deletion inhibited mammary gland branching more potently at diestrus than estrus stage. Loss of Zfhx3 not only attenuated the expansion of stem/progenitor cells driven by Pg/PR signaling, but also impaired the function of Pg/PR signaling in the transcriptional activation of multiple genes. In addition, Pg/PR signaling significantly expanded PR- and Zfhx3-positive epithelial cells, and induced the physical association of ZFHX3 with PR. These findings establish Zfhx3 as an integral transcription factor of Pg/PR signaling in driving side-branching and alveologenesis during mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ma
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mei Li
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Leilei Qi
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingxia Hu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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14
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Luo A, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Zhu Z, Fu L, Dong JT. ZNF121 interacts with ZBRK1 and BRCA1 to regulate their target genes in mammary epithelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1943-1952. [PMID: 30524945 PMCID: PMC6275281 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel zinc finger protein 121 (ZNF121) has been demonstrated to physically and functionally associate with the MYC oncoprotein to regulate cell proliferation and likely breast cancer development. To further understand how ZNF121 functions in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis, we identified and characterized the interaction of ZNF121 with zinc finger and BRCA1‐interacting protein with a KRAB domain 1 (ZBRK1), a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1)‐interacting protein, using the yeast two‐hybrid assay and other approaches. We also found that ZNF121 bound to BRCA1. Functionally, ZFN121 suppressed the expression of ANG1 and HMGA2, two common downstream targets of ZBRK1 and BRCA1. Interestingly, ZNF121 also regulated the expression of BRCA1 and ZBRK1. These findings suggest that ZNF121 is likely a member of the BRCA1/CtIP/ZBRK1 repressor complex that plays a role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Luo
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 420 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Kailun Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Nankai University College of Life Sciences Tianjin China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
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15
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The unrecognized role of tumor suppressor genes in atrial fibrillation. Gene 2018; 642:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Jia J, Li F, Tang XS, Xu S, Gao Y, Shi Q, Guo W, Wang X, He D, Guo P. Long noncoding RNA DANCR promotes invasion of prostate cancer through epigenetically silencing expression of TIMP2/3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37868-37881. [PMID: 27191265 PMCID: PMC5122356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA DANCR suppresses differentiation of epithelial cells, however, its function in prostate cancer development is still unknown. In the present study, we found the expression of DANCR increases in prostate cancer tissues and cells compared to normal prostate tissues and cells, moreover, DANCR promotes invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and metastasis of tumor xenografts in nude mice. Mechanistically, we found that TIMP2/3, which are critical metastasis inhibitor of prostate cancer, were down-regulated by DANCR synergistically with EZH2 through epigenetically silencing their promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we further investigated whether DANCR is regulated by the differentiation-promoting androgen-androgen receptor (AR) pathway and found that DANCR expression is repressed by androgen-AR; furthermore, DANCR impedes the upregulation of TIMP2/3 and the suppression of invasion and migration by androgen-AR. On the other hand, interestingly, we found that in prostate cancer cells DANCR knockdown decreased the promotion of invasion and migration by the treatment of enzalutamide, which is an AR inhibitor. In summary, our results indicate that DANCR promotes prostate cancer invasion and metastasis through repressing the expression of TIMP2/3, and suggest that DANCR could be a potential target for preventing prostate cancer metastasis, and knockdown DANCR may lessen the potential side effect of AR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhuan Guo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Li M, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Zhao J. Cellular localization of ATBF1 protein and its functional implication in breast epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Kao YH, Hsu JC, Chen YC, Lin YK, Lkhagva B, Chen SA, Chen YJ. ZFHX3 knockdown increases arrhythmogenesis and dysregulates calcium homeostasis in HL-1 atrial myocytes. Int J Cardiol 2016; 210:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Zhao D, Ma G, Zhang X, He Y, Li M, Han X, Fu L, Dong XY, Nagy T, Zhao Q, Fu L, Dong JT. Zinc Finger Homeodomain Factor Zfhx3 Is Essential for Mammary Lactogenic Differentiation by Maintaining Prolactin Signaling Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12809-12820. [PMID: 27129249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also named ATBF1 for AT motif binding factor 1) is a transcription factor that suppresses prostatic carcinogenesis and induces neuronal differentiation. It also interacts with estrogen receptor α to inhibit cell proliferation and regulate pubertal mammary gland development in mice. In the present study, we examined whether and how Zfhx3 regulates lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary glands. At different stages of mammary gland development, Zfhx3 protein was expressed at varying levels, with the highest level at lactation. In the HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell line, an in vitro model of lactogenesis, knockdown of Zfhx3 attenuated prolactin-induced β-casein expression and morphological changes, indicators of lactogenic differentiation. In mouse mammary tissue, knock-out of Zfhx3 interrupted lactogenesis, resulting in underdeveloped glands with much smaller and fewer alveoli, reduced β-casein expression, accumulation of large cytoplasmic lipid droplets in luminal cells after parturition, and failure in lactation. Mechanistically, Zfhx3 maintained the expression of Prlr (prolactin receptor) and Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling activity, whereas knockdown and knock-out of Zfhx3 in HC11 cells and mammary tissues, respectively, decreased Prlr expression, Stat5 phosphorylation, and the expression of Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 target genes. These findings indicate that Zfhx3 plays an essential role in proper lactogenic development in mammary glands, at least in part by maintaining Prlr expression and Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gui Ma
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan He
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mei Li
- the Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Xueying Han
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liya Fu
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Dong
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tamas Nagy
- the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and
| | - Qiang Zhao
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Fu
- the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- From the Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China,; the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,.
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Walker CJ, Miranda MA, O'Hern MJ, McElroy JP, Coombes KR, Bundschuh R, Cohn DE, Mutch DG, Goodfellow PJ. Patterns of CTCF and ZFHX3 Mutation and Associated Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv249. [PMID: 26330387 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic events responsible for tumor aggressiveness in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) remain poorly understood. The chromosome 16q22 tumor suppressor genes CTCF and ZFHX3 are both frequently mutated in EEC, but their respective roles in outcome have not been determined. METHODS Targeted deep sequencing of CTCF and ZFHX3 was performed for 542 EEC samples. Copy number loss (CNL) was determined using microsatellite typing of paired tumor and normal DNA and a novel Bayesian method based on variant allele frequencies of germline polymorphisms. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Mutation rates for CTCF and ZFHX3 were 25.3% and 20.4%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant excess of tumors with mutation in both genes (P = .003). CNL rates were 17.4% for CTCF and 17.2% for ZFHX3, and the majority of CNLs included both CTCF and ZFHX3. Mutations were more frequent in tumors with microsatellite instability, and CNLs were more common in microsatellite-stable tumors (P < .001). Patients with ZFHX3 mutation and/or CNL had higher-grade tumors (P = .001), were older (P < .001), and tended to have more frequent lymphovascular space invasion (P = .07). These patients had reduced recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38 to 3.99, P = .007; OS: HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.07, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate there is strong selection for inactivation of both CTCF and ZFHX3 in EEC. Mutation occurs at high frequency in microsatellite-unstable tumors, whereas CNLs are common in microsatellite-stable cancers. Loss of these two tumor suppressors is a frequent event in endometrial tumorigenesis, and ZFHX3 defects are associated with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Mario A Miranda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Matthew J O'Hern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM)
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology (CJW, MAM, MJO, DEC, PJG), Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine (JPM, KRC), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (CJW, MAM, MJO, JPM, KRC, DEC, PJG), Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for RNA Biology (RB), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (DGM).
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Sun S, Zhang W, Chen X, Song H. The CAA repeat polymorphism in the ZFHX3 gene is associated with risk of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 235:261-6. [PMID: 25797214 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.235.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease resulting from the interaction between genetic variations and environmental factors. Zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) is a transcription factor and contains a poly-glutamine tract in a compositionally biased region that is encoded by exon 9, containing a cluster of CAG and CAA triplets followed by the polymorphic CAA repeats: (CAG)2(CAA)2(CAG)3CAACAG(CAA)nGCA. Thus, nine successive glutamine residues precede the poly-glutamine tract, encoded by the polymorphic CAA repeats. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the CAA repeat polymorphism in exon 9 of the ZFHX3 gene with the risk of CHD in a Chinese population. The CAA repeat polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing in 321 CHD patients. Genotype frequencies were compared using the non-parametric mood median test. Four alleles of CAG(CAA)10GCA, CAG(CAA)8GCA, CAG(CAA)9GCA, and CAG(CAA)11GCA were found in Chinese CHD patients in exon 9 of the ZFHX3 gene. The CAG(CAA)10GCA was a major allele (95.95%), and the CAG(CAA)8GCA was a minor allele (3.58%). The CAG(CAA)9GCA and CAG(CAA)11GCA were rare alleles (0.31% and 0.16%). The CAG(CAA)10GCA allele encodes a poly-glutamine tract of 19 residues. Importantly, the CHD patients homozygous for the CAG(CAA)10GCA allele had a higher risk of CHD, compared to the heterozygous patients carrying a CAG(CAA)8GCA allele. Moreover, the CAG(CAA)10GCA allele was significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia (P < 0.05). Thus, the CAA repeat polymorphism in exon 9 of the ZFHX3 gene contributes to the CHD susceptibility in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Southern Medical University
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Sun X, Fu X, Li J, Xing C, Frierson HF, Wu H, Ding X, Ju T, Cummings RD, Dong JT. Deletion of atbf1/zfhx3 in mouse prostate causes neoplastic lesions, likely by attenuation of membrane and secretory proteins and multiple signaling pathways. Neoplasia 2014; 16:377-89. [PMID: 24934715 PMCID: PMC4198693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATBF1/ZFHX3 gene at 16q22 is the second most frequently mutated gene in human prostate cancer and has reduced expression or mislocalization in several types of human tumors. Nonetheless, the hypothesis that ATBF1 has a tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer has not been tested. In this study, we examined the role of ATBF1 in prostatic carcinogenesis by specifically deleting Atbf1 in mouse prostatic epithelial cells. We also examined the effect of Atbf1 deletion on gene expression and signaling pathways in mouse prostates. Histopathologic analyses showed that Atbf1 deficiency caused hyperplasia and mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) primarily in the dorsal prostate but also in other lobes. Hemizygous deletion of Atbf1 also increased the development of hyperplasia and mPIN, indicating a haploinsufficiency of Atbf1. The mPIN lesions expressed luminal cell markers and harbored molecular changes similar to those in human PIN and prostate cancer, including weaker expression of basal cell marker cytokeratin 5 (Ck5), cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, and the smooth muscle layer marker Sma; elevated expression of the oncoproteins phospho-Erk1/2, phospho-Akt and Muc1; and aberrant protein glycosylation. Gene expression profiling revealed a large number of genes that were dysregulated by Atbf1 deletion, particularly those that encode for secretory and cell membrane proteins. The four signaling networks that were most affected by Atbf1 deletion included those centered on Erk1/2 and IGF1, Akt and FSH, NF-κB and progesterone and β-estradiol. These findings provide in vivo evidence that ATBF1 is a tumor suppressor in the prostate, suggest that loss of Atbf1 contributes to tumorigenesis by dysregulating membrane and secretory proteins and multiple signaling pathways, and provide a new animal model for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322; Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Henry F Frierson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322.
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Kangas L, Unkila M. Tissue selectivity of ospemifene: pharmacologic profile and clinical implications. Steroids 2013; 78:1273-80. [PMID: 24055829 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial consequences of menopausal estrogen deficiency affect numerous tissues throughout the body. Supplemental hormonal therapies carry the burden of a risk/benefit ratio that must be highly individualized. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are estrogen receptor (ER) agonist/antagonists designed to induce benefits comparable with estrogen while minimizing adverse effects. Here, we review the estrogen agonist/antagonist profile of ospemifene, a novel triphenylethylene derivative recently approved to treat dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) due to menopause, both preclinically and clinically. Ospemifene binds ERα and ERβ with approximately equal affinities. In preclinical models, ospemifene increased vaginal and uterine epithelial thickness and mucification to the same extent as estrogen. Ospemifene did not induce endometrial hyperplasia in animal models; there also was no stimulatory effect on endometrial cells. In rat and human mammary cells in vitro, ospemifene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition on estrogen-induced cell responses and cell proliferation, supporting an antiestrogenic effect in breast. In contrast, ospemifene has an estrogenic effect on bone, as seen by improved bone mineral density, strength, mass, and histomorphometry in preclinical models, consistent with improvements in markers of bone resorption and formation in postmenopausal women. Based on the preclinical evidence, ospemifene has beneficial estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, preliminary evidence to support a neutral endometrial profile, antiproliferative effects in breast, and estrogenic effects in bone. Taken together, especially regarding estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, ospemifene presents a profile of tissue-specific effects that appear novel among available SERMs and well-suited for the treatment of VVA.
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Lubitz SA, Rienstra M. Genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation: does heart failure change our perspective? Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:244-6. [PMID: 23315103 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li M, Zhao D, Ma G, Zhang B, Fu X, Zhu Z, Fu L, Sun X, Dong JT. Upregulation of ATBF1 by progesterone-PR signaling and its functional implication in mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:358-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li M, Fu X, Ma G, Sun X, Dong X, Nagy T, Xing C, Li J, Dong JT. Atbf1 regulates pubertal mammary gland development likely by inhibiting the pro-proliferative function of estrogen-ER signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51283. [PMID: 23251482 PMCID: PMC3520988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATBF1 is a candidate tumor suppressor that interacts with estrogen receptor (ER) to inhibit the function of estrogen-ER signaling in gene regulation and cell proliferation control in human breast cancer cells. We therefore tested whether Atbf1 and its interaction with ER modulate the development of pubertal mammary gland, where estrogen is the predominant steroid hormone. In an in vitro model of cell differentiation, i.e., MCF10A cells cultured in Matrigel, ATBF1 expression was significantly increased, and knockdown of ATBF1 inhibited acinus formation. During mouse mammary gland development, Atbf1 was expressed at varying levels at different stages, with higher levels during puberty, lower during pregnancy, and the highest during lactation. Knockout of Atbf1 at the onset of puberty enhanced ductal elongation and bifurcation and promoted cell proliferation in both ducts and terminal end buds of pubertal mammary glands. Enhanced cell proliferation primarily occurred in ER-positive cells and was accompanied by increased expression of ER target genes. Furthermore, inactivation of Atbf1 reduced the expression of basal cell markers (CK5, CK14 and CD44) but not luminal cell markers. These findings indicate that Atbf1 plays a role in the development of pubertal mammary gland likely by modulating the function of estrogen-ER signaling in luminal cells and by modulating gene expression in basal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xueyuan Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XD) (XD); (JTD) (JD)
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XD) (XD); (JTD) (JD)
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Oestrogen causes ATBF1 protein degradation through the oestrogen-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP. Biochem J 2012; 444:581-90. [PMID: 22452784 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the tumour suppressor ATBF1 (AT motif-binding factor 1) formed an autoregulatory feedback loop with oestrogen-ERα (oestrogen receptor α) signalling to regulate oestrogen-dependent cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. In this loop ATBF1 inhibits the function of oestrogen-ERα signalling, whereas ATBF1 protein levels are fine-tuned by oestrogen-induced transcriptional up-regulation as well as UPP (ubiquitin-proteasome pathway)-mediated protein degradation. In the present study we show that EFP (oestrogen-responsive finger protein) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation. Knockdown of EFP increases ATBF1 protein levels, whereas overexpression of EFP decreases ATBF1 protein levels. EFP interacts with and ubiquitinates ATBF1 protein. Furthermore, we show that EFP is an important factor in oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation in which some other factors are also involved. In human primary breast tumours the levels of ATBF1 protein are positively correlated with the levels of EFP protein, as both are directly up-regulated ERα target gene products. However, the ratio of ATBF1 protein to EFP protein is negatively correlated with EFP protein levels. Functionally, ATBF1 antagonizes EFP-mediated cell proliferation. These findings not only establish EFP as the E3 ubiquitin ligase for oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation, but further support the autoregulatory feedback loop between ATBF1 and oestrogen-ERα signalling and thus implicate ATBF1 in oestrogen-dependent breast development and carcinogenesis.
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