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Jensen CH, Johnsen RH, Eskildsen T, Baun C, Ellman DG, Fang S, Bak ST, Hvidsten S, Larsen LA, Rosager AM, Riber LP, Schneider M, De Mey J, Thomassen M, Burton M, Uchida S, Laborda J, Andersen DC. Pericardial delta like non-canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1) augments fibrosis in the heart through epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1565. [PMID: 38328889 PMCID: PMC10851088 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) involves fibrosis driven by epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) and cardiac fibroblasts, but strategies to inhibit and provide cardio-protection remains poor. The imprinted gene, non-canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1), has previously been shown to mediate fibrosis in the skin, lung and liver, but very little is known on its effect in the heart. METHODS Herein, human pericardial fluid/plasma and tissue biopsies were assessed for DLK1, whereas the spatiotemporal expression of Dlk1 was determined in mouse hearts. The Dlk1 heart phenotype in normal and MI hearts was assessed in transgenic mice either lacking or overexpressing Dlk1. Finally, in/ex vivo cell studies provided knowledge on the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Dlk1 was demonstrated in non-myocytes of the developing human myocardium but exhibited a restricted pericardial expression in adulthood. Soluble DLK1 was twofold higher in pericardial fluid (median 45.7 [34.7 (IQR)) μg/L] from cardiovascular patients (n = 127) than in plasma (median 26.1 μg/L [11.1 (IQR)]. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of Dlk1 was recapitulated in mouse and rat hearts. Similar to humans lacking Dlk1, adult Dlk1-/- mice exhibited a relatively mild developmental, although consistent cardiac phenotype with some abnormalities in heart size, shape, thorax orientation and non-myocyte number, but were functionally normal. However, after MI, scar size was substantially reduced in Dlk1-/- hearts as compared with Dlk1+/+ littermates. In line, high levels of Dlk1 in transgenic mice Dlk1fl/fl xWT1GFPCre and Dlk1fl/fl xαMHCCre/+Tam increased scar size following MI. Further mechanistic and cellular insight demonstrated that pericardial Dlk1 mediates cardiac fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the EPDC lineage by maintaining Integrin β8 (Itgb8), a major activator of transforming growth factor β and EMT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pericardial Dlk1 embraces a, so far, unnoticed role in the heart augmenting cardiac fibrosis through EMT. Monitoring DLK1 levels as well as targeting pericardial DLK1 may thus offer new venues for cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Rikke Helin Johnsen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Tilde Eskildsen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Ditte Gry Ellman
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Shu Fang
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Sara Thornby Bak
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Lars Allan Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Clinical PathologySydvestjysk HospitalEsbjergDenmark
| | - Lars Peter Riber
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Mikael Schneider
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jo De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical GeneticsOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical GeneticsOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA MedicineDepartment of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Medical SchoolAlbaceteSpain
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Zeng N, Jian Z, Xu J, Zheng S, Fan Y, Xiao F. DLK1 overexpression improves sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in mice through the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and MMPs. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:655-664. [PMID: 37759133 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection. Cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling are serious complications of sepsis, which can significantly affect sepsis patients' mortality. Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1) has been reported could inhibit cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. However, the function of DLK1 in sepsis is unknown. In the present study, the DLK1 expression was first identified based on the online dataset GSE79962 analysis and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model. DLK1 expression was significantly reduced in septic heart tissues. In septic mouse heart, CLP operation decreased the fractional shortening (EF) (%) and ejection fraction (FS) (%) and caused significant edema, disordered myofilament arrangement, and degradation and necrosis in myocardial cells; CLP operation also increased collagen deposition and elevated the protein levels of fibrotic markers (α-SMA and F-actin). DLK1 overexpression in septic mice could effectively increase EF (%) and FS (%), attenuate CLP-caused ECM degradation and deposition and partially inhibit the CLP-induced TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation. In conclusion, DLK1 expression was poorly expressed in the CLP-induced septic mouse heart. DLK1 overexpression partially alleviated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, with the involvement of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zaijin Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yongmei Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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3
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Chen L, Zhang N, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Fu J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xu Z, Li Y, Izawa H, Xiang C. Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2192-2224. [PMID: 37498509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases impose a huge burden worldwide. Although hepatocyte transplantation has long been considered as a potential strategy for treating liver diseases, its clinical implementation has created some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is widely used in treating different liver diseases, including acute liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatitis B/C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment. Some improved perspectives and current challenges are also addressed. In summary, MSCs have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases based on their multi-faceted characteristics, and more accurate mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies stemming from MSCs will facilitate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiromi Izawa
- Jingugaien Woman Life Clinic, Jingu-Gaien 3-39-5 2F, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Pan X, Li X, Zhang L, Wu F, Zhang Q, Xu S, Shen C, Liang J, Pan R. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells relieve osteoarthritis in rats through immunoregulation and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14975. [PMID: 37697034 PMCID: PMC10495383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in treating osteoarthritis (OA). Sprague-Dawley rats were used in in vivo experiments and divided into four groups: normal, OA model, saline, and UCMSC-treated groups (n = 6). An OA model was established by injecting iodoacetic acid into the joint cavity. The results indicate that UCMSC transplantation significantly reduced joint surface and articular cartilage damage, and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP13 in the joint fluid were significantly reduced after UCMSC treatment. In vitro experiments showed that co-culturing UCMSCs and chondrocytes promoted the expression of aggrecan, COL2, SOX9, and BCL-2; downregulated the expression of BAX and BAD in chondrocytes; and promoted the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in UCMSCs. Additionally, the supernatant of UCMSCs inhibited the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the articular cavity and promoted the expression of COL2 and aggrecan in vivo. These effects were impaired when IL-10 and TGF-β1 were removed. Collectively, UCMSC transplantation appears to improve joint pathology, reduce inflammatory factors, and decrease chondrocyte apoptosis, likely through the involvement of IL-10 and TGF-β1, thus providing a potential therapeutic option for patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengchun Shen
- Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Liang
- Zhejiang Center for Drug & Cosmetic Evaluation, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, No. 181 Wuchang Road, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Wu HW, Chen HD, Chen YH, Mao XL, Feng YY, Li SW, Zhou XB. The Effects of Programmed Cell Death of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Development of Liver Fibrosis. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4586398. [PMID: 37214784 PMCID: PMC10195177 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4586398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have shown noticeable potential for unlimited self-renewal. They can differentiate into specific somatic cells, integrate into target tissues via cell-cell contact, paracrine effects, exosomes, and other processes and then regulate the target cells and tissues. Studies have demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs could decrease the expression and concentration of collagen in the liver, thereby reducing liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that apoptotic MSCs could inhibit harmful immune responses and reduce inflammatory responses more effectively than viable MSCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial transfer from MSCs is a novel strategy for the regeneration of various damaged cells via the rescue of their respiratory activities. This study is aimed at reviewing the functions of MSCs and the related roles of the programmed cell death of MSCs, including autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulatory pathogenic mechanisms of MSCs in liver fibrosis. Research has demonstrated that the miR-200B-3p gene is differentially expressed gene between LF and normal liver samples, and that the miR-200B-3p gene expression is positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, suggesting that MSCs could inhibit liver fibrosis through pyroptosis. It was confirmed that circulating monocytes could deliver MSC-derived immunomodulatory molecules to different sites by phagocytosis of apoptotic MSCs, thereby achieving systemic immunosuppression. Accordingly, it was suggested that characterization of the programmed cell death-mediated immunomodulatory signaling pathways in MSCs should be a focus of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He-dan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-yi Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Garg A, Khan S, Luu N, Nicholas DJ, Day V, King AL, Fear J, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. TGFβ 1 priming enhances CXCR3-mediated mesenchymal stromal cell engraftment to the liver and enhances anti-inflammatory efficacy. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:864-878. [PMID: 36824012 PMCID: PMC10002976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confers them with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of inflammatory/immune-mediated conditions. Previous studies have reported only modest beneficial effects in murine models of liver injury. In our study we explored the role of MSC priming to enhance their effectiveness. Herein we demonstrate that stimulation of human MSC with cytokine TGβ1 enhances their homing and engraftment to human and murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in vivo and in vitro, which was mediated by increased expression of CXCR3. Alongside improved hepatic homing there was also greater reduction in liver inflammation and necrosis, with no adverse effects, in the CCL4 murine model of liver injury treated with primed MSC. Priming of MSCs with TGFβ1 is a novel strategy to improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilok Garg
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Luu
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davies J Nicholas
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Day
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew L King
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janine Fear
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1/Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136897. [PMID: 35805898 PMCID: PMC9267054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) remains a challenge, and identifying effective treatments is a major unmet medical need. In the current review we focus on the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1)/delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) axis as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of these pathological conditions. PTTG1 is a proto-oncogene involved in proliferation and metabolism. PTTG1 expression has been related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in cancer and experimental fibrosis. On the other hand, DLK1 has been identified as one of the most abundantly expressed PTTG1 targets in adipose tissue and has shown to contribute to hepatic fibrosis by promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Here, we extensively analyze the increasing amount of information pointing to the PTTG1/DLK1 signaling pathway as an important player in the regulation of these disturbances. These data prompted us to hypothesize that activation of the PTTG1/DLK1 axis is a key factor upregulating the tissue remodeling mechanisms characteristic of CLDs. Therefore, disruption of this signaling pathway could be useful in the therapeutic management of CLDs.
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Perramón M, Carvajal S, Reichenbach V, Fernández‐Varo G, Boix L, Macias‐Muñoz L, Melgar‐Lesmes P, Bruix J, Melmed S, Lamas S, Jiménez W. The pituitary tumour-transforming gene 1/delta-like homologue 1 pathway plays a key role in liver fibrogenesis. Liver Int 2022; 42:651-662. [PMID: 35050550 PMCID: PMC9303549 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS PTTG1 is almost undetectable in adult livers but is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma. While little is known about its involvement in liver fibrosis, PTTG1 expression is associated with DLK1. We assessed the role of the PTTG1/DLK1 pathway in fibrosis progression and the potential therapeutic effect of PTTG1 silencing in fibrosis. METHODS Pttg1 and Dlk1 were studied in liver and isolated cell populations of control and fibrotic rats and in human liver biopsies. The fibrotic molecular signature was analysed in Pttg1-/- and Pttg1+/+ fibrotic mice. Finally, Pttg1 silencing was evaluated in rats as a novel antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS Pttg1 and Dlk1 mRNA selectively increased in fibrotic rats paralleling fibrosis progression. Serum DLK1 concentrations correlated with hepatic collagen content and systemic and portal haemodynamics. Human cirrhotic livers showed greater PTTG1 and DLK1 transcript abundance than non-cirrhotic, and reduced collagen was observed in Pttg1 Pttg1-/- mice. The liver fibrotic molecular signature revealed lower expression of genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling including Mmp8 and 9 and Timp4 and greater eotaxin and Mmp13 than fibrotic Pttg1+/+ mice. Finally, interfering Pttg1 resulted in reduced liver fibrotic area, lower α-Sma and decreased portal pressure than fibrotic animals. Furthermore, Pttg1 silencing decreased the transcription of Dlk1, collagens I and III, Pdgfrβ, Tgfrβ, Timp1, Timp2 and Mmp2. CONCLUSIONS Pttg1/Dlk1 are selectively overexpressed in the cirrhotic liver and participate in ECM turnover regulation. Pttg1 disruption decreases Dlk1 transcription and attenuates collagen deposition. PTTG1/DLK1 signalling is a novel pathway for targeting the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Perramón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Vedrana Reichenbach
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Guillermo Fernández‐Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Macias‐Muñoz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pedro Melgar‐Lesmes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Cedars‐Sinai Research InstituteUniversity of California School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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9
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Deng Y, Xia B, Chen Z, Wang F, Lv Y, Chen G. Stem Cell-based Therapy Strategy for Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Intrahepatic Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:77-93. [PMID: 34668120 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The whole liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage fibrosis. However, the lack of available donors, immune rejection and total cost of surgery remain as the key challenges in advancing liver fibrosis therapeutics. Due to the multi-differentiation and low immunogenicity of stem cells, treatment of liver fibrosis with stem cells has been considered as a valuable new therapeutic modality. The pathological progression of liver fibrosis is closely related to the changes in the activities of intrahepatic cells. Damaged hepatocytes, activated Kupffer cells and other inflammatory cells lead to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, further promoting apoptosis of damaged hepatocytes, while stem cells can work on fibrosis-related intrahepatic cells through relevant transduction pathways. Herein, this article elucidates the phenomena and the mechanisms of the crosstalk between various types of stem cells and intrahepatic cells including HSCs and hepatocytes in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Then, the important influences of chemical compositions, mechanical properties and blood flow on liver fibrosis models with stem cell treatment are emphasized. Clinical trials on stem cell-based therapy for liver fibrosis are also briefly summarized. Finally, continuing challenges and future directions of stem cell-based therapy for hepatic fibrosis are discussed. In short, stem cells play an important advantage and have a great potential in treating liver fibrosis by interacting with intrahepatic cells. Clarifying how stem cells interact with intrahepatic cells to change the progression of liver fibrosis is of great significance for a deeper understanding of liver fibrosis mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate liver fibrosis by targeting Ly6C hi/lo macrophages through activating the cytokine-paracrine and apoptotic pathways. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:239. [PMID: 34518510 PMCID: PMC8437974 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a promising treatment for liver fibrosis due to its predominant immunomodulatory performance in hepatic stellate cell inhibition and fibrosis resolution. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain limited. In the present study, we provide insights into the functional role of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in alleviating liver fibrosis by targeting intrahepatic Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo macrophage subsets in a mouse model. Upon chronic injury, the Ly6Chi subset was significantly increased in the inflamed liver. Transplantation of BM-MSCs markedly promoted a phenotypic switch from pro-fibrotic Ly6Chi subset to restorative Ly6Clo subpopulation by secreting paracrine cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 from the BM-MSCs. The Ly6Chi/Ly6Clo subset switch significantly blocked the source of fibrogenic TGF-β, PDGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β cytokines from Ly6Chi macrophages. Unexpectedly, BM-MSCs experienced severe apoptosis and produced substantial apoptotic bodies in the fibrotic liver during the 72 h period of transplantation. Most apoptotic bodies were engulfed by Ly6Clo macrophages, and this engulfment robustly triggered MMP12 expression for fibrosis resolution through the PtdSer-MerTK-ERK signaling pathway. This paper is the first to show previously unrecognized dual regulatory functions of BM-MSCs in attenuating hepatic fibrosis by promoting Ly6Chi/Ly6Clo subset conversion and Ly6Clo macrophage restoration through secreting antifibrogenic-cytokines and activating the apoptotic pathway.
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11
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He C, Yang Y, Zheng K, Chen Y, Liu S, Li Y, Han Q, Zhao RC, Wang L, Zhang F. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in autoimmune liver diseases: underlying roles, advantages and challenges. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321993442. [PMID: 33633826 PMCID: PMC7887681 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321993442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a series of chronic liver diseases with abnormal immune responses, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment options for AILD remain limited, and the adverse side effects of the drugs that are typically used for treatment frequently lead to a low quality of life for AILD patients. Moreover, AILD patients may have a poor prognosis, especially those with an incomplete response to first-line treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with low immunogenicity and can be conveniently harvested. MSC-based therapy is emerging as a promising approach for treating liver diseases based on their advantageous characteristics of immunomodulation, anti-fibrosis effects, and differentiation to hepatocytes, and accumulating evidence has revealed the positive effects of MSC therapy in AILD. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of MSC treatment for AILD based on work in animal and clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges of MSC therapy in clinical applications. In summary, although promising data from preclinical studies are now available, MSC therapy is currently far for being applied in clinical practice, thus developing MSC therapy in AILD is still challenging and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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12
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Fu Y, Liu T, Song J, Jiao L, Zhou J, Bai H, Zhao Z, Chen H, Wu T, Lyv M, Zhou Y, Ying B, Xu Y. Genetic Polymorphisms of Delta-Like 1 Homolog Influence the Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:231-238. [PMID: 33297832 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) polymorphisms and the occurrence of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) in the Western Chinese Han population. A total of 746 tuberculosis patients including 118 ATDH cases and 628 non-ATDH cases were enrolled from West China Hospital of Sichuan University during 2016-2018. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11160604, rs7149242, rs7141210, rs7155375, rs876374, rs57098752, rs2400940, rs12431758, rs4900472, and rs6575802) within DLK1 were studied by the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction method genotyping technology assay. It was found that G allele of rs11160604 was associated with an increased risk for ATDH (p = 0.001) and G allele of rs4900472 showed a protective effect for ATDH (p = 0.030). Recessive model and dominant model of rs11160604 were observed as a risk factor for ATDH predisposition, whereas the recessive model of rs4900472 was a protective one. Moreover, the interaction genetic model composed of rs11160604, rs57098752, and rs12431758 showed a combined effect for the occurrence of ATDH. Our finding was a novel one indicating that the G allele of DLK1 rs11160604 might serve as a hazard for the development of ATDH in the Western Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tangyuheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Lyv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Yin F, Wang WY, Jiang WH. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: From biological characteristics to therapeutic mechanisms. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:548-564. [PMID: 31523373 PMCID: PMC6716089 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or scar tissue within the liver; in addition, its formation is associated with multiple cytokines as well as several cell types and a variety of signaling pathways. When liver fibrosis is not well controlled, it can progress to liver cirrhosis, but it is reversible in principle. Thus far, no efficient therapy is available for treatment of liver fibrosis. Although liver transplantation is the preferred strategy, there are many challenges remaining in this approach, such as shortage of donor organs, immunological rejection, and surgical complications. Hence, there is a great need for an alternative therapeutic strategy. Currently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis; advantageously, the characteristics of MSCs are continuous self-renewal, proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory activities. The human umbilical cord-derived (hUC)-MSCs possess not only the common attributes of MSCs but also more stable biological characteristics, relatively easy accessibility, abundant source, and no ethical issues (e.g., bone marrow being the adult source), making hUC-MSCs a good choice for treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs and their paracrine effects, exerted by secretion of various cytokines, which ultimately promote liver repair through several signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the capacity of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells for compensating the function of existing hepatocytes, which may aid in amelioration of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the current status of the research field and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Hua Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Uchida
- From the Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, KY.
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15
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Lagoni LV, Ankerstjerne LBS, Bisgaard HC, Jensen CH, Andersen DC. The imprinted gene Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) is conserved in mammals, and serves a growth modulatory role during tissue development and regeneration through Notch dependent and independent mechanisms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Yang RC, Zhu XL, Wang J, Wan F, Zhang HQ, Lin Y, Tang XL, Zhu B. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in rat models. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:335. [PMID: 30466397 PMCID: PMC6249725 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerular etiology of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Increasing evidence has indicated the reparative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in damaged diseased kidneys. However, the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the FSGS progression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of BMSCs on FSGS progression. Methods A rat model of FSGS was generated via unilateral nephrectomy plus adriamycin injection. Rat BMSCs were isolated and characterized on the basis of their differentiative potential towards adipocytes and osteoblasts and via flow cytometry analysis. Thereafter, rat BMSCs were transplanted into FSGS recipients through the caudal vein. After 8 weeks, 24-h proteinuria, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels were determined. Renal morphology was assessed using a light and transmission electron microscope. MMP9 and TIMP-1 positive cells were detected via immunohistochemical analysis. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were examined via RT-PCR. Results The isolated adherent cells from the bone marrow of rats were phenotypically and functionally equivalent to typical MSCs. Clinical examination revealed that BMSC transplantation reduced the 24-h urinary protein excretion, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Renal morphology was ameliorated in BMSCs-transplanted rats. Mechanistically, BMSC transplantation significantly downregulated TIMP-1 and upregulated MMP9, thereby increasing the renal MMP9/TIMP-1 ratio. Moreover, BMSC transplantation also downregulated IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusions BMSC transplantation can attenuate FSGS progression in a rat model of FSGS, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the application of autologous BMSCs in clinical FSGS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Chun Yang
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhu
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wan
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Qin Zhang
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Li Tang
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Departmgent of Nephrology (Key laboratory of Zhejiang province, management of kidney disease), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tiyuchang Road 453, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ma JX, Li JY, Fan DD, Feng W, Lin AF, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Identification of DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX41 as a Trafficking Protein That Involves in Multiple Innate Immune Signaling Pathways in a Zebrafish Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1327. [PMID: 29942316 PMCID: PMC6005158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX41 is an important sensor for host recognition of DNA viruses and initiation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and IFN signaling pathways in mammals. However, its occurrence and functions in other vertebrates remain poorly defined. Here, a DDX41 ortholog [Danio rerio DDX41 (DrDDX41)] with various conserved structural features to its mammalian counterparts was identified from a zebrafish model. This DrDDX41 was found to be a trafficking protein distributed in the nucleus of resting cells but transported into the cytoplasm under DNA stimulation. Two nuclear localization signal motifs were localized beside the coiled-coil domain, whereas one nuclear export signal motif existed in the DEADc domain. DrDDX41 acts as an initiator for the activation of NF-κB and IFN signaling pathways in a Danio rerio STING (DrSTING)-dependent manner through its DEADc domain, which is a typical performance of mammalian DDX41. These observations suggested the conservation of DDX41 proteins throughout the vertebrate evolution, making zebrafish an alternative model in understanding DDX41-mediated immunology. With this model system, we found that DrDDX41 contributes to DrSTING–Danio rerio STAT6 (DrSTAT6)-mediated chemokine (Danio rerio CCL20) production through its DEADc domain. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first report showing that DDX41 is an upstream initiator in this newly identified signaling pathway. The DrDDX41-mediated signaling pathways play important roles in innate antibacterial immunity because knockdown of either DrDDX41 or DrSTING/DrSTAT6 significantly reduced the survival of zebrafish under Aeromonas hydrophilia or Edwardsiella tarda infection. Our findings would enrich the current knowledge of DDX41-mediated immunology and the evolutionary history of the DDX41 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Yuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Dong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Fu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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18
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Tao H, Li Y, Wang T, Zhou C. Umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation as an adjunctive treatment strategy for liver cirrhosis in Chinese population: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018. [PMID: 29520148 PMCID: PMC5834176 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s157603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord blood stem cells (USCs) transplantation combined with routine supportive therapy (RST) for liver cirrhosis (LC). Materials and methods Clinical trials involved in this research were searched from Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and CNKI database. Treatment effects, quality of life (QoL), adverse events and other outcome measures were extracted and evaluated. Results A total of 10 trials including 616 LC patients were involved in this study. Based on our analysis, the liver function of LC patients was significantly improved after USCs transplantation and RST combined therapy, indicated by decreased total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels and prothrombin time and increased serum albumin level and prothrombin activity. Compared to those treated by RST alone, patients treated by combined therapy showed more satisfied treatment effects, improved QoL reflected by improved appetite (odds ratio [OR]=5.43, 95% CI=2.84 to 10.38, P<0.00001) and relieved fatigue (OR=4.33, 95% CI=0.87 to 21.60, P=0.07), ascetic fluid (OR=4.56, 95% CI=2.69 to 7.74, P<0.00001), abdominal distension (OR=4.01, 95% CI=1.34 to 12.02, P=0.01) and edema (OR=2.69, 95% CI=0.23 to 31.72, P=0.43). No serious adverse events occurred during USCs therapy. Conclusion USCs transplantation is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for RST-treated LC, possibly through improving patients’ liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Health Care, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang LT, Peng XB, Fang XQ, Li JF, Chen H, Mao XR. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2545-2552. [PMID: 29484382 PMCID: PMC5846650 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of hUC-MSCs on the proliferation of HSCs in vitro. The upper and lower double-cell co-culture system was established between hUC-MSCs and HSCs in the experimental group. HSCs were cultured alone as a negative control group. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell supernatants were harvested to determine the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by ELISA. mRNA and protein of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 in HSCs were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. In the co-culture group, the proliferation of HSCs was significantly inhibited compared with the negative control group at 24 and 48 h (p<0.05). Apoptosis of HSCs in the co-culture group increased compared with that in the negative control group, which was more obvious at 48 h (p<0.05). The concentration of TGF-β1 in the co-culture group was significantly lower than in the HSCs cultured alone (p<0.05). After HSCs were co-cultured with hUC-MSCs for 48 h, expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA and protein was reduced and expression of Smad7 mRNA and protein was increased compared with the negative control group (p<0.05). hUC-MSCs inhibited proliferation of HSCs, possibly through inhibiting TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression and increasing Smad7 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Central Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, Shannxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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20
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Lee CW, Chen YF, Wu HH, Lee OK. Historical Perspectives and Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:46-56. [PMID: 29107021 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and fulminant liver failure. However, due to a shortage of donor livers and complications associated with immune suppression, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies for patients with end-stage liver diseases. Given their unique function in self-renewal and differentiation potential, stem cells might be used to regenerate damaged liver tissue. Recent studies have shown that stem cell-based therapies can improve liver function in a mouse model of hepatic failure. Moreover, acellular liver scaffolds seeded with hepatocytes produced functional bioengineered livers for organ transplantation in preclinical studies. The therapeutic potential of stem cells or their differentiated progenies will depend on their capacity to differentiate into mature and functional cell types after transplantation. It will also be important to devise methods to overcome their genomic instability, immune reactivity, and tumorigenic potential. We review directions and advances in the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived hepatocytes for liver regeneration. We also discuss the potential applications of hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells and challenges to using these cells in treating end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Cheng Y, Zhu X, Cheng F, Ji L, Zhou Y. Delta-like homolog1/GATA binding protein 2 axis mediates leptin inhibition of PPARγ2 expression in hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Life Sci 2018; 192:183-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhao H, Fan B, Guo K, Cai M, Zhang S. Delta-like 2 negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:6574-6582. [PMID: 29057471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Delta-like 2 (Dlk2), a glycoprotein highly homologous to Dlk1, belongs to the Notch/Delta/Serrata family. Dlk2 has been shown to be an important regulator of adipogenesis; however, its role in other cellular differentiation processes is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of Dlk2 in chondrogenic differentiation. We found that Dlk2 overexpression promoted the growth of ATDC5 cells but inhibited insulin-induced ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation, as supported by the reduction in cartilage matrix formation and gene expression of aggrecan (acan), collagentype II (col2a1) and X (col10a1). In contrast, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of ATDC5 cells but enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation. We then evaluated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are activated by insulin during the chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. Overexpression of Dlk2 protein strongly promoted the activation of p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, as expected, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the activation of p38, but had no effect on the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Finally, we also detected the expression of Dlk2 in mouse epiphyseal cartilage during embryo development. The expression of the Dlk2 protein in the limb bud could be detected at embryonic day 11.5; additionally, it was found to decrease in the superficial zones, but remained unchanged in the deep/hypertrophic zones. In conclusion, our results suggested that Dlk2 acted as an important regulator of chondrogenesis through the p38 pathway. These findings may lead to strategies for the treatment of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baotin Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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23
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Gazdic M, Arsenijevic A, Markovic BS, Volarevic A, Dimova I, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Stojkovic M, Volarevic V. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Modulation of Liver Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1109-1117. [PMID: 29104502 PMCID: PMC5666326 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure and cirrhosis display sequential and overlapping severe pathogenic processes that include inflammation, hepatocyte necrosis, and fibrosis, carrying a high mortality rate. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of stromal stem cells with immunonodulatory characteristics. MSCs are considered to act through multiple mechanisms to coordinate a dynamic, integrated response to liver inflammation and fibrosis, which prevents the progressive distortion of hepatic architecture. Accordingly, MSCs as well as their products have been investigated as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic liver diseases. In this review, we highlight the current findings on the MSC-based modulation of liver inflammation and fibrosis, and the possible use of MSCs in the therapy of immune-mediated liver pathology. We briefly describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-dependent modulation of cytokine production, phenotype and function of liver infiltrated inflammatory cells and compare effects of engrafted MSCs versus MSC-generated conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in the therapy of acute liver injury. In order to elucidate therapeutic potential of MSCs and their products in modulation of chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis, we present the current findings regarding pathogenic role of immune cells in liver fibrosis and describe mechanisms involved in MSC-dependent modulation of chronic liver inflammation with the brief overview of on-going and already published clinical trials that used MSCs for the treatment of immune mediated chronic liver diseases. The accumulating evidence shows that MSCs had a significant beneficial effect in the treatment of immune-mediated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Ana Volarevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Ivanka Dimova
- Department of medical genetics, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics.,Spebo Medical, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
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24
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Wu SP, Yang Z, Li FR, Liu XD, Chen HT, Su DN. Smad7-overexpressing rat BMSCs inhibit the fibrosis of hepatic stellate cells by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2568-2576. [PMID: 28962196 PMCID: PMC5609222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into hepatocytes, promote the regeneration of hepatic cells and inhibit the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is one of the key factors in the development of liver fibrosis, which also promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 7 (Smad7) is an essential negative regulator in the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In the present study, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow and transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying the Smad7 gene. Smad7-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-BMSCs stably expressing Smad7 were subsequently co-cultured with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) for 48 h. Smad7 and TGF-β1 levels in the culture medium were detected using ELISA, and the levels of collagen (Col) I, Col III, laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured using immunoassays. The early apoptosis rates of HSCs were determined via flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression profiles, respectively. The results indicated that Smad7-EGFP-BMSCs stably expressing Smad7 were successfully constructed. Upon co-culturing with rat Smad7-EGFP-BMSCs, the early apoptotic rate of HSCs was significantly increased (P<0.05). Levels of Smad7 in the culture medium were also significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas the levels of TGF-β1, Col I, Col III, LN and HA were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of Smad7 and matrix metalloproteinase 1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas those of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Smad2, smad3, TGF-β receptor I, Col I, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and Col III were significantly decreased. The results of the present study suggest that rat BMSCs overexpressing Smad7 may inhibit the fibrosis of HSCs by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. This provides a novel insight into future treatments for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Pin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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25
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Lukacs-Kornek V, Lammert F. The progenitor cell dilemma: Cellular and functional heterogeneity in assistance or escalation of liver injury. J Hepatol 2017; 66:619-630. [PMID: 27826058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) are quiescent cells that are activated during liver injury and thought to give rise to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in order to support liver regeneration and tissue restitution. While hepatocytes are capable of self-renewal, during most chronic injuries the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes is inhibited, thus LPCs provide main source for regeneration. Despite extensive lineage tracing studies, their role and involvement in these processes are often controversial. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that the LPC compartment consists of heterogeneous cell populations that are actively involved in cellular interactions with myeloid and lymphoid cells during regeneration. On the other hand, LPC expansion has been associated with an increased fibrogenic response, raising concerns about the therapeutic use of these cells. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the identity, the cellular interactions and the key pathways affecting the biology of LPCs. Understanding the regulatory circuits and the specific role of LPCs is especially important as it could provide novel therapeutic platforms for the treatment of liver inflammation, fibrosis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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26
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Chen L, Zhang C, Chen L, Wang X, Xiang B, Wu X, Guo Y, Mou X, Yuan L, Chen B, Wang J, Xiang C. Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells via Paracrine Mediators. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:272-284. [PMID: 28170193 PMCID: PMC5442725 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may have potential applications in regenerative medicine for the treatment of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Human menstrual blood is a novel source of MSCs, termed menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs). Compared with bone marrow MSCs, MenSCs exhibit a higher proliferation rate and they can be obtained through a simple, safe, painless procedure without ethical concerns. Although the therapeutic efficacy of MenSCs has been explored in some diseases, their effects on liver fibrosis are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MenSC transplantation in a carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. These results revealed that MenSCs markedly improved liver function, attenuated collagen deposition, and inhibited activated hepatic stellate cells up to 2 weeks after transplantation. Moreover, tracking of green fluorescent protein-expressing MenSCs demonstrated that transplanted cells migrated to the sites of injury, but few differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells. Transwell coculturing experiments also showed that MenSCs suppressed proliferation of LX-2 cells (an immortalized hepatic stellate cell line) through secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, hepatocyte growth factor, growth-related oncogene, interleukin-8, and osteoprotegerin. Collectively, our results provided preliminary evidence for the antifibrotic capacity of MenSCs in liver fibrosis and suggested that these cells may be an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of CLDs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:272-284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Zhejiang‐California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Zhejiang‐California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Zhejiang‐California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Cell‐Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Huang B, Cheng X, Wang H, Huang W, la Ga Hu Z, Wang D, Zhang K, Zhang H, Xue Z, Da Y, Zhang N, Hu Y, Yao Z, Qiao L, Gao F, Zhang R. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules predominantly ameliorate fulminant hepatic failure and chronic liver fibrosis in mice respectively. J Transl Med 2016; 14:45. [PMID: 26861623 PMCID: PMC4746907 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for liver failure but limited with shortage of available donor organs. Recent studies show promising results of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies. METHODS We systematically investigate the therapeutic effects of MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in ameliorating fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and chronic liver fibrosis in mice. In addition, extensive flow cytometry analysis of spleens from vehicle and MSC- and MSC-CM-treated mice was applied to reveal the alteration of inflammatory state. RESULTS In FHF model, MSCs treatment reduced remarkably the death incidents; the analysis of gross histopathology showed that control livers were soft and shrunken with extensive extravasated blood, which was gradually reduced at later time points, while MSC-treated livers showed gross pathological changes, even 24 h after MSC infusion, and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed dramatical hepatocellular death with cytoplasmic vacuolization suppressed by MSCs treatment; flow cytometry analysis of total lymphocytes showed that macrophages (F4/80) infiltrated into control livers more than MSC-treated livers; by contrast, MSC-CM partially ameliorates FHF. In chronic liver injury model, MSC and MSC-CM both suppressed fibrogenesis and necroinflammatory, and the later was better; activation of hepatic stellate cells (α-SMA) was inhibited; glycogen synthesis and storage (indicated by periodic acid-Schiff -staining) was improved; liver regeneration (Ki67) was promoted while liver apoptosis (TUNEL) was reduced. In the in vitro, MSCs promote macrophage line RAW264.7 apoptosis and MSC-CM promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of HSC line LX-2. We also found that MSCs and MSC-CM could improve spleen; MSC-CM increased levels of Th2 and Treg cells, and reduced levels of Th17 cells, whereas levels of Th1 cells were unchanged; comparatively, MSC treatment did not affect Th17 and Treg cells and only slightly alters inflammatory state; MSC and MSC-CM treatment both substantially down-regulated macrophages in the spleens. CONCLUSION Both MSCs and MSC-CM exert therapeutic effects by acting on various key cells during the pathogenesis of FHF and chronic fibrosis, stimulating hepatocyte proliferation and suppressing apoptosis, down-regulating infiltrating macrophages, converting CD4(+) T lymphocyte system into an anti-inflammatory state, and facilitating hepatic stellate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zha la Ga Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Logistic College of CAPF, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, The Western Clinical School of the University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Eckert C, Kim YO, Julich H, Heier EC, Klein N, Krause E, Tschernig T, Kornek M, Lammert F, Schuppan D, Lukacs-Kornek V. Podoplanin discriminates distinct stromal cell populations and a novel progenitor subset in the liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1-12. [PMID: 26564718 PMCID: PMC4698439 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Podoplanin/gp38(+) stromal cells present in lymphoid organs play a central role in the formation and reorganization of the extracellular matrix and in the functional regulation of immune responses. Gp38(+) cells are present during embryogenesis and in human livers of primary biliary cirrhosis. Since little is known about their function, we studied gp38(+) cells during chronic liver inflammation in models of biliary and parenchymal liver fibrosis and steatohepatitis. Gp38(+) cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and the expression of their steady state and inflammation-associated genes was evaluated from healthy and inflamed livers. Gp38(+) cells significantly expanded in all three models of liver injury and returned to baseline levels during regression of inflammation. Based on CD133 and gp38 expression in the CD45(-)CD31(-)Asgpr1(-) liver cell fraction, numerous subsets could be identified that were negative for CD133 (gp38(hi)CD133(-), gp38(low)CD133(-), and gp38(-)CD133(-)). Moreover, among the CD133(+) cells, previously identified as progenitor population in injured liver, two subpopulations could be distinguished based on their gp38 expression (gp38(-)CD133(+) and CD133(+)gp38(+)). Importantly, the distribution of the identified subsets in inflammation illustrated injury-specific changes. Moreover, the gp38(+)CD133(+) cells exhibited liver progenitor cell characteristics similar to the gp38(-)CD133(+) population, thus representing a novel subset within the classical progenitor cell niche. Additionally, these cells expressed distinct sets of inflammatory genes during liver injury. Our study illuminates a novel classification of the stromal/progenitor cell compartment in the liver and pinpoints a hitherto unrecognized injury-related alteration in progenitor subset composition in chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eckert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henrike Julich
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Carina Heier
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Klein
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Department of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Insitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saarland, Saarland, Germany; and
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Christ B, Brückner S, Winkler S. The Therapeutic Promise of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Restoration. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:673-686. [PMID: 26476857 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation aims to provide a functional substitution of liver tissue lost due to trauma or toxins. Chronic liver diseases are associated with inflammation, deterioration of tissue homeostasis, and deprivation of metabolic capacity. Recent advances in liver biology have focused on the pro-regenerative features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We argue that MSCs represent an attractive therapeutic option to treat liver disease. Indeed, their pleiotropic actions include the modulation of immune reactions, the stimulation of cell proliferation, and the attenuation of cell death responses. These characteristics are highly warranted add-ons to their capacity for hepatocyte differentiation. Undoubtedly, the elucidation of the regenerative mechanisms of MSCs in different liver diseases will promote their versatile and disease-specific therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sandra Brückner
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Winkler
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Wang L, Li ZS, Zhang HR. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of liver cirrhosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4522-4528. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i28.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a frequently occurring disease worldwide. In China, the incidence of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is high, and has increased year by year. The progression of chronic liver disease can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, liver cancer and other malignant diseases, posing a serious threat to the health and quality of life of patients. Before progression to liver cirrhosis, choosing an effective treatment method can reverse the disease, improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most popular seed cells in the development of new methods for treating cirrhosis. They can not only differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo, but also reduce the inflammatory response, inhibit cell apoptosis, improve liver function and so on. BMSCs are expected to be a new strategy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and liver failure.
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31
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Kilian TM, Beck-Sickinger AG. Recombinant expression and characterization of biologically active protein delta homolog 1. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Transplant Direct 2015; 1:e16. [PMID: 27500218 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a valuable cell source in regenerative medicine. Recently, several studies have shown that MSCs can be easily isolated from human amnion. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of transplantation of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) in rats with liver fibrosis. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg of 50% carbon tetrachloride twice a week for 6 weeks. At 3 weeks, hAMSCs (1 × 10(6) cells) were transplanted intravenously. Rats were sacrificed at 7 weeks, and histological analyses and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hAMSCs on the activation of Kupffer cells. RESULTS Transplantation of hAMSCs significantly reduced the fibrotic area, deposition of type-I collagen, the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells, and CD68-positive Kupffer cells in the livers. messenger RNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was significantly decreased and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and hepatocyte growth factor was significantly increased in the liver of hAMSC-treated rats. Transplantation of hAMSCs at 3 weeks plus 5 weeks did not have an additive effect. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Kupffer cell activation induced by lipopolysaccharide was significantly decreased by culturing with conditioned medium obtained from hAMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of hAMSCs provided significant improvement in a rat model of liver fibrosis, possibly through the inhibition of Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation. hAMSCs may be a potential new treatment for liver fibrosis.
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El-Shennawy SF, Abdel Aaty HE, Radwan NA, Abdel-Hameed DM, Alam-Eldin YH, El-Ashkar AM, Abu-Zahra FA. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Early and Late Experimental Hepatic Schistosomiasis Model. J Parasitol 2015; 101:587-97. [PMID: 26010300 DOI: 10.1645/15-754.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for a wide range of liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the regenerative and antifibrotic therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in an early and late experimental hepatic schistosomiasis model. BM-MSCs were isolated from 6-wk-old BALB/c donor male mice, then grown and propagated in culture until cell count was 5-8 × 10(6)/ml. MSCs were then separated and injected into Schistosoma mansoni -infected female BALB/c mice on their 6, 10, 14, and 18 wk post-infection. Mice were sacrificed on the fourth and eighth week after BM-MSCs transplantation in each group. Homing of BM-MSCs was confirmed by PCR detection of male Y-chromosome gene (sry) in the liver tissue of the recipient female mice. The regenerative and antifibrotic potential of BM-MSCs was assessed by histopathological examination, morphometric analysis, electron microscopy, and liver function tests. Schistosoma-infected mice, which were treated with BM-MSCs, showed a decrease in the granuloma size, percentage and density of the fibrotic area, formation of new hepatocytes, and improvement of the liver function tests. Immunohistochemical examination of alpha-smooth muscle actin revealed a significant decrease in the immunoreactive hepatic stellate cells in mice treated with MSCs. Early granulomas (acute infection) showed better response to MSC injection than did later granulomas (chronic infection). Dosing and timing of MSCs transplantation should undergo more investigations in long-term experiments before application to the clinical field. This study is the first to assess and compare the effect of MSCs treatment on early and late granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaz F El-Shennawy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba E Abdel Aaty
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Radwan
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abdel-Hameed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yosra H Alam-Eldin
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman M El-Ashkar
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Abu-Zahra
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street- New Faculty Bldg. 4th Floor, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Pan RL, Xiang LX, Wang P, Liu XY, Nie L, Huang W, Shao JZ. Low-molecular-weight fibroblast growth factor 2 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by epigenetic down-regulation of Delta-like1. Hepatology 2015; 61:1708-20. [PMID: 25501710 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver fibrosis, a major cause of end-stage liver diseases, is closely regulated by multiple growth factors and cytokines. The correlation of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) with chronic liver injury has been reported, but the exact functions of different FGF2 isoforms in liver fibrogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report on the differential expression patterns and functions of low- and high-molecular-weight FGF2 (namely, FGF2(lmw) and FGF2(hmw) , respectively) in hepatic fibrogenesis using a CCl4 -induced mouse liver fibrosis model. FGF2(hmw) displayed a robust increase in CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis and promoted fibrogenesis. In contrast, endogenous FGF2(lmw) exhibited a slight increase in hepatic fibrosis and suppressed this pathological progression. Moreover, exogenous administration of recombinant FGF2(lmw) potently ameliorated CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, we showed that FGF2(lmw) treatment attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis by epigenetic down-regulation of Delta-like 1 expression through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSION FGF2(lmw) and FGF2(hmw) have distinct roles in liver fibrogenesis. These findings demonstrate a potent antifibrotic effect of FGF2(lmw) administration, which may provide a novel approach to treat chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lang Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Mechano growth factor (MGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 functionalized silk scaffolds enhance articular hyaline cartilage regeneration in rabbit model. Biomaterials 2015; 52:463-75. [PMID: 25818452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Damaged cartilage has poor self-healing ability and usually progresses to scar or fibrocartilaginous tissue, and finally degenerates to osteoarthritis (OA). Here we demonstrated that one of alternative isoforms of IGF-1, mechano growth factor (MGF) acted synergistically with transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) embedded in silk fibroin scaffolds to induce chemotactic homing and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Combination of MGF and TGF-β3 significantly increased cell recruitment up to 1.8 times and 2 times higher than TGF-β3 did in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MGF increased Collagen II and aggrecan secretion of TGF-β3 induced hMSCs chondrogenesis, but decreased Collagen I in vitro. Silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds have been widely used for tissue engineering, and we showed that methanol treated pured SF scaffolds were porous, similar to compressive module of native cartilage, slow degradation rate and excellent drug released curves. At 7 days after subcutaneous implantation, TGF-β3 and MGF functionalized silk fibroin scaffolds (STM) recruited more CD29+/CD44+cells (P<0.05). Similarly, more cartilage-like extracellular matrix and less fibrillar collagen were detected in STM scaffolds than that in TGF-β3 modified scaffolds (ST) at 2 months after subcutaneous implantation. When implanted into articular joints in a rabbit osteochondral defect model, STM scaffolds showed the best integration into host tissues, similar architecture and collagen organization to native hyaline cartilage, as evidenced by immunostaining of aggrecan, collagen II and collagen I, as well as Safranin O and Masson's trichrome staining, and histological evalution based on the modified O'Driscoll histological scoring system (P<0.05), indicating that MGF and TGF-β3 might be a better candidate for cartilage regeneration. This study demonstrated that TGF-β3 and MGF functionalized silk fibroin scaffolds enhanced endogenous stem cell recruitment and facilitated in situ articular cartilage regeneration, thus providing a novel strategy for cartilage repair.
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Zhang J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Feng F, Wang Q, Zhu X, Ai H, Huang X, Zhang X. Hepatocyte growth factor gene-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate radiation induced liver damage in a rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114670. [PMID: 25501583 PMCID: PMC4264768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver damage caused by radiotherapy is associated with a high mortality rate, but no established treatment exists. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are capable of migration to injured tissue sites, where they aid in the repair of the damage. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is critical for damage repair due to its anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and cell regeneration-promoting effects. This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of HGF-overexpressing ADSCs on radiation-induced liver damage (RILD). ADSCs were infected with a lentivirus encoding HGF and HGF-shRNA. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 60Gy of irradiation to induce liver injury and were immediately given either saline, ADSCs, ADSCs + HGF or ADSCs + shHGF. Two days after irradiation, a significant reduction in apoptosis was observed in the HGF-overexpressing ADSC group compared with the RILD group, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Scanning electron microscopy showed chromatin condensation after irradiation, which was ameliorated in the group that received ADSCs and was reversed in the group that received HGF-overexpressing ADSCs. HGF-overexpressing ADSCs ameliorated radiation- induced liver fibrosis through down regulation of α-SMA and fibronectin. Hepatocyte regeneration was significantly improved in rats treated with ADSCs compared with rats from the RILD group), as assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Rats that received HGF-overexpressing ADSCs showed an even greater level of hepatocyte regeneration. HGF-overexpressing ADSCs completely blocked the radiation-induced increase in the enzymes ALT and AST. The effect of mitigating RILD was compromised in the ADSC + shHGF group compared with the ADSC group. Altogether, these results suggest that HGF-overexpressing ADSCs can significantly improve RILD in a rat model, which may serve as a valuable therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Feier Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qianming Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Huisheng Ai
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital to the Academy of Military Medicine Science, FengTai District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (X. Zhang); (XH)
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (X. Zhang); (XH)
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Management of fibrosis: the mesenchymal stromal cells breakthrough. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:340257. [PMID: 25132856 PMCID: PMC4123563 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the endpoint of many chronic inflammatory diseases and is defined by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Despite its slow progression, it leads to organ malfunction. Fibrosis can affect almost any tissue. Due to its high frequency, in particular in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, many studies have been conducted to find satisfactory treatments. Despite these efforts, current fibrosis management therapies either are insufficiently effective or induce severe adverse effects. In the light of these facts, innovative experimental therapies are being investigated. Among these, cell therapy is regarded as one of the best candidates. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The value of their immunomodulatory effects and their ability to act on profibrotic factors such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, and the transforming growth factor-β1 pathway has already been highlighted in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, their propensity to act depending on the microenvironment surrounding them enhances their curative properties. In this paper, we review a large range of studies addressing the use of MSCs in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. The results reported here suggest that MSCs have antifibrotic potential for several organs.
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38
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Cui L, Jia X, Zhou Q, Zhai X, Zhou Y, Zhu H. Curcumin affects β-catenin pathway in hepatic stellate cell in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1615-22. [PMID: 24945564 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is linked to the fibrosis of different organs including liver fibrosis. β-Catenin promotes hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, a key event in the development of liver fibrosis, and has emerged as a novel mediator of fibrosis. Curcumin, a natural active ingredient derived from turmeric, possesses an inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis. This study is aimed to examine whether curcumin affects β-catenin expression/activity in HSCs and explores the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The researchers used Western blot, real-time PCR, transfection assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and employed cultured HSCs and rat model of liver injury. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that curcumin could reduce β-catenin protein level in HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Both β-catenin transactivation activity and DNA-binding activity were suppressed by curcumin. Moreover, nuclear β-catenin protein level was decreased by curcumin treatment. Further experiments suggested that delta-like homologue 1 contributed to curcumin inhibition of β-catenin transactivation activity in cultured HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin affects β-catenin pathway in HSCs and might suggest a possible new explanation for the effects of curcumin on HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells efficiently rescue carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver failure in mouse. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:103643. [PMID: 24999489 PMCID: PMC4066941 DOI: 10.1155/2014/103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) may be an attractive source for acute and chronic liver injury because they are abundant and easy to obtain. We aim to investigate the efficacy of ADMSCs transplantation in the acute liver failure (ALF) caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Methods. ADMSCs were isolated from inguinal fat pads of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice and their surface markers and differentiation potential were analyzed. ALF models were established by infusion of CCl4 and divided into two groups: control group; EGFP-ADMSCs transplantation group. The restoration of biological functions of the livers receiving transplantation was assessed via a variety of approaches such as survival rates, live function parameters, histological localization of EGFP-ADMSCs, and Immunofluorescence analysis. Results. ADMSCs were positive for CD105, CD44 but negative for CD45, CD34 and had adipogenic, osteogenic differentiation potential. The survival rate of transplantation group significantly increased compared to PBS group. Furthermore, the transplanted cells were well integrated into injured livers and produced albumin, cytokeratin-18. Conclusion. Direct transplantation of ADMSCs is an effective treatment for ALF. The transplanted ADMSCs exhibit the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in the injured livers.
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Abstract
The liver has a unique capacity to repair following injury, which is largely achieved by proliferation of hepatocytes. However, in situations of chronic or overwhelming liver injury, additional repair mechanisms, namely liver progenitor or oval cells, are activated. These cells, located in the canals of Hering, express markers for both hepatocytes and biliary cells and have the capacity to differentiate down both hepatocyte and biliary lineages. Previous work has suggested that the administration of autologous or allogeneic cell therapies such as haematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells can augment liver repair by either stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms or by suppressing ongoing damage. A better understanding of how cell therapies can promote liver regeneration will lead to the refinement of these therapeutic approaches and also develop new pharmacological agents for liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Than
- From the Centre for Liver Research & NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Diseases, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P N Newsome
- From the Centre for Liver Research & NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Diseases, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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41
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Qiu J, Zhou Q, Zhai X, Jia X, Zhou Y. Curcumin regulates delta-like homolog 1 expression in activated hepatic stellate cell. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Garg A, Newsome PN. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and liver regeneration: believe the hypoxia! Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:108. [PMID: 24004909 PMCID: PMC4056659 DOI: 10.1186/scrt319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data on the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in models of extensive hepatic resection. In the previous issue of Stem Cell Research &Therapy, Yu and colleagues demonstrate that transient hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improves their efficacy in a rat model of massive hepatectomy. This effect appears to be mediated, in part, by increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by the preconditioned MSCs as well as the injured liver. Neutralizing VEGF antibodies ameliorated the benefit of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs, establishing VEGF as a key mediator of their benefit. This novel approach merits further exploration both mechanistically and to establish the functional advantages of MSCs in other injury settings.
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Jin G, Qiu G, Wu D, Hu Y, Qiao P, Fan C, Gao F. Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis in rats. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1395-401. [PMID: 23589072 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to attenuate ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in the heart, brain and kidney. However, their exact roles in the liver remain to be defined. Our objective was to investigate the potential effects of BM-MSCs on a hepatic IR rat model during the first 24 h after reperfusion, a crucial period for hepatic IR damage formation. A rat model of normothermic partial hepatic ischemia was obtained by vascular clamping for 60 min. BM-MSCs were transplanted via portal vein injection. Injury severity, oxidative stress response and apoptosis of liver cells were assessed at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after reperfusion and cell transplantation was evaluated. At 12 and 24 h after reperfusion, rats transplanted with BM-MSCs had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fewer damaged liver tissues, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to rats in the sham transplantation group. At 24 h after reperfusion, IR rats transplanted with BM-MSCs had significantly fewer apoptotic hepatocytes, higher levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, and lower levels of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 (Casp3) proteins compared to sham transplantation rats. In conclusion, BM-MSCs transplanted via the portal vein partially prevent hepatic IR injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis during the first 24 h after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Peng Y, Huang S, Cheng B, Nie X, Enhe J, Feng C, Fu X. Mesenchymal stem cells: a revolution in therapeutic strategies of age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:103-15. [PMID: 22569401 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The great evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky once said: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". Aging is a complex biological phenomenon and the factors governing the process of aging and age-related diseases are only beginning to be understood, oxidative stress, telomere shortening in DNA components and genetic changes were shown to be the mainly regulating mechanisms during the recent decades. Although a considerable amount of both animal and clinical data that demonstrate the extensive and safe use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is available, the precise summarization and identification of MSCs in age-related diseases remains a challenge. Along this line, this review discussed several typical age-related diseases for which MSCs have been proved to confer protection and put forward a hypothesis for the association among MSCs and age-related diseases from an evolutionary perspective. Above all, we hope further and more research efforts could be aroused to elucidate the role and mechanisms that MSCs involved in the age-related diseases.
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Zhu NL, Asahina K, Wang J, Ueno A, Lazaro R, Miyaoka Y, Miyajima A, Tsukamoto H. Hepatic stellate cell-derived delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) protein in liver regeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10355-10367. [PMID: 22298767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.312751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo myofibroblastic activation in liver fibrosis and regeneration. This phenotypic switch is mechanistically similar to dedifferentiation of adipocytes as such the necdin-Wnt pathway causes epigenetic repression of the master adipogenic gene Pparγ, to activate HSCs. Now we report that delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is expressed selectively in HSCs in the adult rodent liver and induced in liver fibrosis and regeneration. Dlk1 knockdown in activated HSCs, causes suppression of necdin and Wnt, epigenetic derepression of Pparγ, and morphologic and functional reversal to quiescent cells. Hepatic Dlk1 expression is induced 40-fold at 24 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. HSCs and hepatocytes (HCs) isolated from the regenerating liver show Dlk1 induction in both cell types. In HC and HSC co-culture, increased proliferation and Dlk1 expression by HCs from PH are abrogated with anti-DLK1 antibody (Ab). Dlk1 and Wnt10b expression by Sham HCs are increased by co-culture with PH HSCs, and these effects are abolished with anti-DLK Ab. A tail vein injection of anti-DLK1 Ab at 6 h after PH reduces early HC proliferation and liver growth, accompanied by decreased Wnt10b, nonphosphorylated β-catenin, p-β-catenin (Ser-552), cyclins (cyclin D and cyclin A), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4, and CDK1/2), p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT. In the mouse developing liver, HSC precursors and HSCs express high levels of Dlk1, concomitant with Dlk1 expression by hepatoblasts. These results suggest novel roles of HSC-derived DLK1 in activating HSCs via epigenetic Pparγ repression and participating in liver regeneration and development in a manner involving the mesenchymal-epithelial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ling Zhu
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Akiko Ueno
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Raul Lazaro
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Yuichiro Miyaoka
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033,; Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073.
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Therapeutic implications of mesenchymal stem cells in liver injury. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 22228987 DOI: 10.1155/2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent an attractive tool for the establishment of a successful stem-cell-based therapy of liver diseases. A number of different mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic effects exerted by MSCs, since these cells can differentiate into functional hepatic cells and can also produce a series of growth factors and cytokines able to suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, regress liver fibrosis, and enhance hepatocyte functionality. To date, the infusion of MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium has shown encouraging results in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure and in end-stage liver disease in experimental settings. However, some issues under debate hamper the use of MSCs in clinical trials. This paper summarizes the biological relevance of MSCs and the potential benefits and risks that can result from translating the MSC research to the treatment of liver diseases.
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Therapeutic implications of mesenchymal stem cells in liver injury. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:860578. [PMID: 22228987 PMCID: PMC3250695 DOI: 10.1155/2011/860578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent an attractive tool for the establishment of a successful stem-cell-based therapy of liver diseases. A number of different mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic effects exerted by MSCs, since these cells can differentiate into functional hepatic cells and can also produce a series of growth factors and cytokines able to suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, regress liver fibrosis, and enhance hepatocyte functionality. To date, the infusion of MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium has shown encouraging results in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure and in end-stage liver disease in experimental settings. However, some issues under debate hamper the use of MSCs in clinical trials. This paper summarizes the biological relevance of MSCs and the potential benefits and risks that can result from translating the MSC research to the treatment of liver diseases.
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