1
|
Uctepe E, Vona B, Esen FN, Sonmez FM, Smol T, Tümer S, Mancılar H, Geylan Durgun DE, Boute O, Moghbeli M, Ghayoor Karimiani E, Hashemi N, Bakhshoodeh B, Kim HG, Maroofian R, Yesilyurt A. Bi-allelic truncating variants in CASP2 underlie a neurodevelopmental disorder with lissencephaly. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:52-60. [PMID: 37880421 PMCID: PMC10772072 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly (LIS) is a malformation of cortical development due to deficient neuronal migration and abnormal formation of cerebral convolutions or gyri. Thirty-one LIS-associated genes have been previously described. Recently, biallelic pathogenic variants in CRADD and PIDD1, have associated with LIS impacting the previously established role of the PIDDosome in activating caspase-2. In this report, we describe biallelic truncating variants in CASP2, another subunit of PIDDosome complex. Seven patients from five independent families presenting with a neurodevelopmental phenotype were identified through GeneMatcher-facilitated international collaborations. Exome sequencing analysis was carried out and revealed two distinct novel homozygous (NM_032982.4:c.1156delT (p.Tyr386ThrfsTer25), and c.1174 C > T (p.Gln392Ter)) and compound heterozygous variants (c.[130 C > T];[876 + 1 G > T] p.[Arg44Ter];[?]) in CASP2 segregating within the families in a manner compatible with an autosomal recessive pattern. RNA studies of the c.876 + 1 G > T variant indicated usage of two cryptic splice donor sites, each introducing a premature stop codon. All patients from whom brain MRIs were available had a typical fronto-temporal LIS and pachygyria, remarkably resembling the CRADD and PIDD1-related neuroimaging findings. Other findings included developmental delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypotonia, seizure, poor social skills, and autistic traits. In summary, we present patients with CASP2-related ID, anterior-predominant LIS, and pachygyria similar to previously reported patients with CRADD and PIDD1-related disorders, expanding the genetic spectrum of LIS and lending support that each component of the PIDDosome complex is critical for normal development of the human cerebral cortex and brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyyup Uctepe
- Acibadem Ankara Tissue Typing Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - F Mujgan Sonmez
- Department of Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Retired lecturer, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
- Private Office, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Thomas Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sait Tümer
- Acibadem Labgen Genetic Diagnosis Center, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Odile Boute
- Clinique de Génétique, Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hyung Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmet Yesilyurt
- Acibadem Labgen Genetic Diagnosis Center, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
CASPON platform technology: Ultrafast circularly permuted caspase-2 cleaves tagged fusion proteins before all 20 natural amino acids at the N-terminus. N Biotechnol 2022; 71:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
3
|
Bresinsky M, Strasser JM, Vallaster B, Liu P, McCue WM, Fuller J, Hubmann A, Singh G, Nelson KM, Cuellar ME, Wilmot CM, Finzel BC, Ashe KH, Walters MA, Pockes S. Structure-Based Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Caspase-2 Inhibitors Based on the Peptide AcVDVAD-CHO and the Caspase-2-Mediated Tau Cleavage Sequence YKPVD314. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:20-40. [PMID: 35059567 PMCID: PMC8762753 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described by Alois Alzheimer over 100 years ago, but there is still no overarching theory that can explain its cause in detail. There are also no effective therapies to treat either the cause or the associated symptoms of this devastating disease. A potential approach to better understand the pathogenesis of AD could be the development of selective caspase-2 (Casp2) probes, as we have shown that a Casp2-mediated cleavage product of tau (Δtau314) reversibly impairs cognitive and synaptic function in animal models of tauopathies. In this article, we map out the Casp2 binding site through the preparation and assay of a series of 35 pentapeptide inhibitors with the goal of gaining selectivity against caspase-3 (Casp3). We also employed computational docking methods to understand the key interactions in the binding pocket of Casp2 and the differences predicted for binding at Casp3. Moreover, we crystallographically characterized the binding of selected pentapeptides with Casp3. Furthermore, we engineered and expressed a series of recombinant tau mutants and investigated them in an in vitro cleavage assay. These studies resulted in simple peptidic inhibitors with nanomolar affinity, for example, AcVDV(Dab)D-CHO (24) with up to 27.7-fold selectivity against Casp3. Our findings provide a good basis for the future development of selective Casp2 probes and inhibitors that can serve as pharmacological tools in planned in vivo studies and as lead compounds for the design of bioavailable and more drug-like small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Bernadette Vallaster
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States
| | - William M. McCue
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jessica Fuller
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Alexander Hubmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Nelson
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Matthew E. Cuellar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Carrie M. Wilmot
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Barry C. Finzel
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States,
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany,Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States,Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The role of caspases as executioners of apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:33-45. [PMID: 34940803 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine aspartyl proteases mostly involved in the execution of apoptotic cell death and in regulating inflammation. This article focuses primarily on the evolutionarily conserved function of caspases in apoptosis. We summarise which caspases are involved in apoptosis, how they are activated and regulated, and what substrates they target for cleavage to orchestrate programmed cell death by apoptosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong Y, Chen J, Cui Y, Li S. miR-2 contributes to WSSV infection by targeting Caspase 2 in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104217. [PMID: 34358576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caspase 2 is widely studied for its function in the regulation of apoptosis in mammals. Despite the fundamental role of apoptosis during the anti-viral immune response, the relationship between Caspase 2 and virus infection has not been extensively explored in invertebrates. Also, whether or not miRNAs involve this process remains unclear. To address this issue, the miRNA-mediated regulation of Caspase 2 in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) (Sp-Caspase 2) was characterized in this study. Sp-Caspase 2 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 969 bp encoding 322 deduced amino acids and possesses a conserved CASc domain. The results suggested that Sp-Caspase 2 could suppress white spot syndrome virus infection via apoptosis induction. The further data showed that Sp-Caspase 2 was directly targeted by miR-2 in mud crab. Silencing or overexpression of miR-2 could affect apoptosis and WSSV replication through the regulation of Sp-Caspase 2 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrated the crucial role of the miR-2-Caspase 2 pathway in the innate immunity of mud crabs and revealed a novel mechanism in the anti-viral immune response in marine invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kröß C, Engele P, Sprenger B, Fischer A, Lingg N, Baier M, Öhlknecht C, Lier B, Oostenbrink C, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Striedner G, Jungbauer A, Schneider R. PROFICS: A bacterial selection system for directed evolution of proteases. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101095. [PMID: 34418435 PMCID: PMC8446807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases serve as important tools in biotechnology and as valuable drugs or drug targets. Efficient protein engineering methods to study and modulate protease properties are thus of great interest for a plethora of applications. We established PROFICS (PRotease Optimization via Fusion-Inhibited Carbamoyltransferase-based Selection), a bacterial selection system, which enables the optimization of proteases for biotechnology, therapeutics or diagnosis in a simple overnight process. During the PROFICS process, proteases are selected for their ability to specifically cut a tag from a reporter enzyme and leave a native N-terminus. Precise and efficient cleavage after the recognition sequence reverses the phenotype of an Escherichia coli knockout strain deficient in an essential enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis. A toolbox was generated to select for proteases with different preferences for P1' residues (the residue immediately following the cleavage site). The functionality of PROFICS is demonstrated with viral proteases and human caspase-2. PROFICS improved caspase-2 activity up to 25-fold after only one round of mutation and selection. Additionally, we found a significantly improved tolerance for all P1' residues caused by a mutation in a substrate interaction site. We showed that this improved activity enables cells containing the new variant to outgrow cells containing all other mutants, facilitating its straightforward selection. Apart from optimizing enzymatic activity and P1' tolerance, PROFICS can be used to reprogram specificities, erase off-target activity, optimize expression via tags/codon usage, or even to screen for potential drug-resistance-conferring mutations in therapeutic targets such as viral proteases in an unbiased manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kröß
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Engele
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Sprenger
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Baier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Öhlknecht
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Lier
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The p53-caspase-2 axis in the cell cycle and DNA damage response. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:517-527. [PMID: 33854186 PMCID: PMC8102494 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 was discovered almost three decades ago. It was one of the first two mammalian homologs of CED-3, the other being interleukin 1β-converting enzyme (ICE/caspase-1). Despite high similarity with CED-3 and its fly and mammalian counterparts (DRONC and caspase-9, respectively), the function of caspase-2 in apoptosis has remained enigmatic. A number of recent studies suggest that caspase-2 plays an important role in the regulation of p53 in response to cellular stress and DNA damage to prevent the proliferation and accumulation of damaged or aberrant cells. Here, we review these recent observations and their implications in caspase-2-mediated cellular death, senescence, and tumor suppression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zamaraev AV, Volik PI, Nilov DK, Turkina MV, Egorshina AY, Gorbunova AS, Iarovenko SI, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. Requirement for Serine-384 in Caspase-2 processing and activity. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 33011746 PMCID: PMC7532978 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 is a unique and conservative cysteine protease which plays an important role in several cellular processes including apoptotic cell death. Although the molecular mechanisms of its activation remain largely unclear, a major role belongs to the architecture of the caspase-2 active center. We demonstrate that the substitution of the putative phosphorylation site of caspase-2, Serine-384 to Alanine, blocks caspase-2 processing and decreases its enzymatic activity. Strikingly, in silico analysis using molecular dynamics simulations has shown that Serine-384 is crucially involved in interactions within the caspase-2 active center. It stabilizes Arginine-378, which forms a crucial hydrogen bond with the aspartate residue of a substrate. Hence, Serine-384 is essential for supporting a proper architecture of the active center of caspase-2. Moreover, molecular modeling strongly proved steric inaccessibility of Ser-384 to be phosphorylated. Importantly, a multiple alignment has demonstrated that both Serine-384 and Arg-378 residues are highly conservative across all members of caspase family, which allows us to suggest that this diade is indispensable for caspase processing and activity. Spontaneous mutations in this diade might influence oncosuppressive function of caspases, in particular of caspase-2. Likewise, the mutation of Ser-384 is associated with the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Taken together, we have uncovered a central feature of the caspase-2 activation mechanism which is crucial for the regulation of its signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zamaraev
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Pavel I Volik
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Dmitry K Nilov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Maria V Turkina
- Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Anna S Gorbunova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | | | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Öhlknecht C, Petrov D, Engele P, Kröß C, Sprenger B, Fischer A, Lingg N, Schneider R, Oostenbrink C. Enhancing the promiscuity of a member of the Caspase protease family by rational design. Proteins 2020; 88:1303-1318. [PMID: 32432825 PMCID: PMC7497161 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal cleavage of fusion tags to restore the native N-terminus of recombinant proteins is a challenging task and up to today, protocols need to be optimized for different proteins individually. Within this work, we present a novel protease that was designed in-silico to yield enhanced promiscuity toward different N-terminal amino acids. Two mutations in the active-site amino acids of human Caspase-2 were determined to increase the recognition of branched amino-acids, which show only poor binding capabilities in the unmutated protease. These mutations were determined by sequential and structural comparisons of Caspase-2 and Caspase-3 and their effect was additionally predicted using free-energy calculations. The two mutants proposed in the in-silico studies were expressed and in-vitro experiments confirmed the simulation results. Both mutants showed not only enhanced activities toward branched amino acids, but also smaller, unbranched amino acids. We believe that the created mutants constitute an important step toward generalized procedures to restore original N-termini of recombinant fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Öhlknecht
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Drazen Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Petra Engele
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Christina Kröß
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Sprenger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | | | - Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase regulates caspase-2 activity and function. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:349-366. [PMID: 32811973 PMCID: PMC7852673 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is an important oncosuppressive mechanism that serves to eliminate cells that become polyploid or aneuploid due to aberrant mitosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activation and catalytic function of caspase-2 are key steps in MC to trigger apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest of mitotically defective cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate caspase-2 activation and its function are unclear. Here, we identify six new phosphorylation sites in caspase-2 and show that a key mitotic kinase, Aurora B kinase (AURKB), phosphorylates caspase-2 at the highly conserved residue S384. We demonstrate that phosphorylation at S384 blocks caspase-2 catalytic activity and apoptosis function in response to mitotic insults, without affecting caspase-2 dimerisation. Moreover, molecular modelling suggests that phosphorylation at S384 may affect substrate binding by caspase-2. We propose that caspase-2 S384 phosphorylation by AURKB is a key mechanism that controls caspase-2 activation during mitosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Resurrection of ancestral effector caspases identifies novel networks for evolution of substrate specificity. Biochem J 2020; 476:3475-3492. [PMID: 31675069 PMCID: PMC6874516 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic caspases evolved with metazoans more than 950 million years ago (MYA), and a series of gene duplications resulted in two subfamilies consisting of initiator and effector caspases. The effector caspase genes (caspases-3, -6, and -7) were subsequently fixed into the Chordata phylum more than 650 MYA when the gene for a common ancestor (CA) duplicated, and the three effector caspases have persisted throughout mammalian evolution. All caspases prefer an aspartate residue at the P1 position of substrates, so each caspase evolved discrete cellular roles through changes in substrate recognition at the P4 position combined with allosteric regulation. We examined the evolution of substrate specificity in caspase-6, which prefers valine at the P4 residue, compared with caspases-3 and -7, which prefer aspartate, by reconstructing the CA of effector caspases (AncCP-Ef1) and the CA of caspase-6 (AncCP-6An). We show that AncCP-Ef1 is a promiscuous enzyme with little distinction between Asp, Val, or Leu at P4. The specificity of caspase-6 was defined early in its evolution, where AncCP-6An demonstrates a preference for Val over Asp at P4. Structures of AncCP-Ef1 and of AncCP-6An show a network of charged amino acids near the S4 pocket that, when combined with repositioning a flexible active site loop, resulted in a more hydrophobic binding pocket in AncCP-6An. The ancestral protein reconstructions show that the caspase-hemoglobinase fold has been conserved for over 650 million years and that only three substitutions in the scaffold are necessary to shift substrate selection toward Val over Asp.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. The Role of Caspase-2 in Regulating Cell Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051259. [PMID: 32438737 PMCID: PMC7290664 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of signaling molecules is associated with the tight regulation of caspase-2 to mediate multiple cellular processes far beyond apoptotic cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature pertaining to possible sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted process of caspase-2 activation and to highlight its interplay between factors that promote or suppress apoptosis in a complicated regulatory network that determines the fate of a cell from its birth and throughout its life.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalabova D, Filandr F, Alblova M, Petrvalska O, Horvath M, Man P, Obsil T, Obsilova V. 14-3-3 protein binding blocks the dimerization interface of caspase-2. FEBS J 2020; 287:3494-3510. [PMID: 31961068 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among all species, caspase-2 (C2) is the most evolutionarily conserved caspase required for effective initiation of apoptosis following death stimuli. C2 is activated through dimerization and autoproteolytic cleavage and inhibited through phosphorylation at Ser139 and Ser164 , within the linker between the caspase recruitment and p19 domains of the zymogen, followed by association with the adaptor protein 14-3-3, which maintains C2 in its immature form procaspase (proC2). However, the mechanism of 14-3-3-dependent inhibition of C2 activation remains unclear. Here, we report the structural characterization of the complex between proC2 and 14-3-3 by hydrogen/deuterium mass spectrometry and protein crystallography to determine the molecular basis for 14-3-3-mediated inhibition of C2 activation. Our data reveal that the 14-3-3 dimer interacts with proC2 not only through ligand-binding grooves but also through other regions outside the central channel, thus explaining the isoform-dependent specificity of 14-3-3 protein binding to proC2 and the substantially higher binding affinity of 14-3-3 protein to proC2 than to the doubly phosphorylated peptide. The formation of the complex between 14-3-3 protein and proC2 does not induce any large conformational change in proC2. Furthermore, 14-3-3 protein interacts with and masks both the nuclear localization sequence and the C-terminal region of the p12 domain of proC2 through transient interactions in which both the p19 and p12 domains of proC2 are not firmly docked onto the surface of 14-3-3. This masked region of p12 domain is involved in C2 dimerization. Therefore, 14-3-3 protein likely inhibits proC2 activation by blocking its dimerization surface. DATABASES: Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6SAD and 6S9K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kalabova
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Filandr
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Alblova
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Horvath
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Potent and selective caspase-2 inhibitor prevents MDM-2 cleavage in reversine-treated colon cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2695-2709. [PMID: 30976094 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most caspases can be positioned unambiguously within the regulated cell death networks of apoptosis and pyroptosis, but the role of caspase-2, a highly conserved protease within the family, remains enigmatic. This is mainly due to lack of selective chemical and biochemical tools for the investigation of this protease. In this study, we used our hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) approach to broadly profile caspase-2 substrate specificity using peptide scanning libraries. This screen uncovered previously unknown caspase-2 peptidyl substrate preferences, which were further used to develop caspase-2 selective fluorogenic substrates and covalent, irreversible AOMK inhibitors. Finally, we used the champion inhibitor (NH-23-C2) in reversine-treated HCT-116 colon cancer cells to selectively block caspase-2 activity and caspase-2-mediated MDM-2 cleavage. In addition, we showed that NH-23-C2 does not block caspase-3 or caspase-8, which makes it a powerful chemical tool to dissect the true role of caspase-2 in various biological setups.
Collapse
|
15
|
Smidova A, Alblova M, Kalabova D, Psenakova K, Rosulek M, Herman P, Obsil T, Obsilova V. 14-3-3 protein masks the nuclear localization sequence of caspase-2. FEBS J 2018; 285:4196-4213. [PMID: 30281929 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 is an apical protease responsible for the proteolysis of cellular substrates directly involved in mediating apoptotic signaling cascades. Caspase-2 activation is inhibited by phosphorylation followed by binding to the scaffolding protein 14-3-3, which recognizes two phosphoserines located in the linker between the caspase recruitment domain and the p19 domains of the caspase-2 zymogen. However, the structural details of this interaction and the exact role of 14-3-3 in the regulation of caspase-2 activation remain unclear. Moreover, the caspase-2 region with both 14-3-3-binding motifs also contains the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), thus suggesting that 14-3-3 binding may regulate the subcellular localization of caspase-2. Here, we report a structural analysis of the 14-3-3ζ:caspase-2 complex using a combined approach based on small angle X-ray scattering, NMR, chemical cross-linking, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural model proposed in this study suggests that phosphorylated caspase-2 and 14-3-3ζ form a compact and rigid complex in which the p19 and the p12 domains of caspase-2 are positioned within the central channel of the 14-3-3 dimer and stabilized through interactions with the C-terminal helices of both 14-3-3ζ protomers. In this conformation, the surface of the p12 domain, which is involved in caspase-2 activation by dimerization, is sterically occluded by the 14-3-3 dimer, thereby likely preventing caspase-2 activation. In addition, 14-3-3 protein binding to caspase-2 masks its NLS. Therefore, our results suggest that 14-3-3 protein binding to caspase-2 may play a key role in regulating caspase-2 activation. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.ww pdb.org (PDB ID codes 6GKF and 6GKG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Smidova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Alblova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kalabova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Psenakova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rosulek
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Caspases and their substrates. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1380-1389. [PMID: 28498362 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
, or for pyroptosis, gasdermin D. For the most part, it appears that cleavage events function cooperatively in the cell death process to generate a proteolytic synthetic lethal outcome. In contrast to apoptosis, far less is known about caspase biology in non-apoptotic cellular processes, such as cellular remodeling, including which caspases are activated, the mechanisms of their activation and deactivation, and the key substrate targets. Here we survey the progress made in global identification of caspase substrates using proteomics and the exciting new avenues these studies have opened for understanding the molecular logic of substrate cleavage in apoptotic and non-apoptotic processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Miles M, Kitevska-Ilioski T, Hawkins C. Old and Novel Functions of Caspase-2. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:155-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
Caspases are proteases that are essential components of apoptotic cell death pathways. There are approximately one dozen apoptotic caspases found in organisms where cells die via apoptosis. These caspases are responsible for initiation or execution of apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of specific substrates. These substrates contain specific motifs that are recognized and cleaved by caspases that result in alterations of substrate function that promotes the apoptotic phenotype. Analysis of caspase involvement, much like any other protease, can be followed using peptides corresponding to cleavage motifs of these substrates, which can be used as substrates, inhibitors, or affinity-based probes.Different caspases have different substrates and therefore different motifs are recognized by each different caspase. However, these different caspases have a common amino acid recognition pattern containing an aspartic acid residue at the amino-side of the cleavage site. Therefore, caspase substrates have a certain overlap in the cleavage motif as this aspartic acid is found in almost every one. This means that certain peptide motifs are not exclusively cleaved by one single caspase. This lack of exclusive cleavage has brought the use of these motif-based probes into question and spurred the development of truly caspase-specific motifs. This chapter describes the use of peptide-based probes to measure caspase activity while highlighting the limitations of these reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P McStay
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, 432 Theobald Science Center, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Poreba M, Szalek A, Kasperkiewicz P, Rut W, Salvesen GS, Drag M. Small Molecule Active Site Directed Tools for Studying Human Caspases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12546-629. [PMID: 26551511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are proteases of clan CD and were described for the first time more than two decades ago. They play critical roles in the control of regulated cell death pathways including apoptosis and inflammation. Due to their involvement in the development of various diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or autoimmune disorders, caspases have been intensively investigated as potential drug targets, both in academic and industrial laboratories. This review presents a thorough, deep, and systematic assessment of all technologies developed over the years for the investigation of caspase activity and specificity using substrates and inhibitors, as well as activity based probes, which in recent years have attracted considerable interest due to their usefulness in the investigation of biological functions of this family of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szalek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Rut
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Program in Cell Death and Survival Networks, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Analysis of the minimal specificity of caspase-2 and identification of Ac-VDTTD-AFC as a caspase-2-selective peptide substrate. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20140025. [PMID: 27919034 PMCID: PMC3966047 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is an evolutionarily conserved but enigmatic protease whose biological role remains poorly understood. To date, research into the functions of caspase-2 has been hampered by an absence of reagents that can distinguish its activity from that of the downstream apoptotic caspase, caspase-3. Identification of protein substrates of caspase-2 that are efficiently cleaved within cells may also provide clues to the role of this protease. We used a yeast-based transcriptional reporter system to define the minimal substrate specificity of caspase-2. The resulting profile enabled the identification of candidate novel caspase-2 substrates. Caspase-2 cleaved one of these proteins, the cancer-associated transcription factor Runx1, although with relatively low efficiency. A fluorogenic peptide was derived from the sequence most efficiently cleaved in the context of the transcriptional reporter. This peptide, Ac-VDTTD-AFC, was efficiently cleaved by purified caspase-2 and auto-activating caspase-2 in mammalian cells, and exhibited better selectivity for caspase-2 relative to caspase-3 than reagents that are currently available. We suggest that this reagent, used in parallel with the traditional caspase-3 substrate Ac-DEVD-AFC, will enable researchers to monitor caspase-2 activity in cell lysates and may assist in the determination of stimuli that activate caspase-2 in vivo.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim PY, Rahmanto AS, Tan O, Norris MD, Haber M, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. TRIM16 overexpression induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:639-51. [PMID: 23404198 PMCID: PMC3618413 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIM16 exhibits tumour suppressor functions by interacting with cytoplasmic vimentin and nuclear E2F1 proteins in neuroblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells, reducing cell migration and replication. Reduced TRIM16 expression in a range of human primary malignant tissues correlates with increased malignant potential. TRIM16 also induces apoptosis in breast and lung cancer cells, by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that overexpression of TRIM16 induces apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF7) and neuroblastoma (BE(2)-C) cells, but not in non-malignant HEK293 cells. TRIM16 increased procaspase-2 protein levels in MCF7 and induced caspase-2 activity in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells. We show that TRIM16 and caspase-2 proteins directly interact in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells and co-localise in MCF7 cells. Most importantly, the induction of caspase-2 activity is required for TRIM16 to initiate apoptosis. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRIM16 can promote apoptosis by directly modulating caspase-2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Kim
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Poreba M, Strózyk A, Salvesen GS, Drag M. Caspase substrates and inhibitors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008680. [PMID: 23788633 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are proteases at the heart of networks that govern apoptosis and inflammation. The past decade has seen huge leaps in understanding the biology and chemistry of the caspases, largely through the development of synthetic substrates and inhibitors. Such agents are used to define the role of caspases in transmitting life and death signals, in imaging caspases in situ and in vivo, and in deconvoluting the networks that govern cell behavior. Additionally, focused proteomics methods have begun to reveal the natural substrates of caspases in the thousands. Together, these chemical and proteomics technologies are setting the scene for designing and implementing control of caspase activity as appropriate targets for disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
miR-708 promotes the development of bladder carcinoma via direct repression of Caspase-2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Heise CE, Murray J, Augustyn KE, Bravo B, Chugha P, Cohen F, Giannetti AM, Gibbons P, Hannoush RN, Hearn BR, Jaishankar P, Ly CQ, Shah K, Stanger K, Steffek M, Tang Y, Zhao X, Lewcock JW, Renslo AR, Flygare J, Arkin MR. Mechanistic and structural understanding of uncompetitive inhibitors of caspase-6. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50864. [PMID: 23227217 PMCID: PMC3515450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of caspase-6 is a potential therapeutic strategy for some neurodegenerative diseases, but it has been difficult to develop selective inhibitors against caspases. We report the discovery and characterization of a potent inhibitor of caspase-6 that acts by an uncompetitive binding mode that is an unprecedented mechanism of inhibition against this target class. Biochemical assays demonstrate that, while exquisitely selective for caspase-6 over caspase-3 and -7, the compound's inhibitory activity is also dependent on the amino acid sequence and P1' character of the peptide substrate. The crystal structure of the ternary complex of caspase-6, substrate-mimetic and an 11 nM inhibitor reveals the molecular basis of inhibition. The general strategy to develop uncompetitive inhibitors together with the unique mechanism described herein provides a rationale for engineering caspase selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Heise
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Augustyn
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Bravo
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Preeti Chugha
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick Cohen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Giannetti
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Gibbons
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rami N. Hannoush
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Hearn
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Priyadarshini Jaishankar
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cuong Q. Ly
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kinjalkumar Shah
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Stanger
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Micah Steffek
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yinyan Tang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xianrui Zhao
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. Lewcock
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John Flygare
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|