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Wong SK. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK3β) as a Potential Drug Target in Regulating Osteoclastogenesis: An Updated Review on Current Evidence. Biomolecules 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 38672518 PMCID: PMC11047881 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) is a highly conserved protein kinase originally involved in glucose metabolism, insulin activity, and energy homeostasis. Recent scientific evidence demonstrated the significant role of GSK3β in regulating bone remodelling through involvement in multiple signalling networks. Specifically, the inhibition of GSK3β enhances the conversion of osteoclast progenitors into mature osteoclasts. GSK3β is recognised as a pivotal regulator for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), canonical Wnt/beta (β)-catenin, and protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathways during osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, the inhibition of GSK3β has been shown to prevent bone loss in animal models with complex physiology, suggesting that the role of GSK3β may be more significant in bone formation than bone resorption. Divergent findings have been reported regarding the efficacy of GSK3β inhibitors as bone-protecting agents. Some studies demonstrated that GSK3β inhibitors reduced osteoclast formation, while one study indicated an increase in osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Given the discrepancies observed in the accumulated evidence, further research is warranted, particularly regarding the use of GSK3β silencing or overexpression models. Such efforts will provide valuable insights into the direct impact of GSK3β on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Kim H, Takegahara N, Choi Y. PP2A-Mediated GSK3β Dephosphorylation Is Required for Protocadherin-7-Dependent Regulation of Small GTPase RhoA in Osteoclasts. Cells 2023; 12:1967. [PMID: 37566044 PMCID: PMC10417323 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) is a member of the non-clustered protocadherin δ1 subgroup of the cadherin superfamily. Pcdh7 has been revealed to control osteoclast differentiation by regulating Rho-family small GTPases, RhoA and Rac1, through its intracellular SET binding domain. However, the mechanisms by which small GTPases are regulated downstream of Pcdh7 remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated dephosphorylation of Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is required for Pcdh7-dependent activation of RhoA during osteoclast differentiation. Pcdh7-deficient (Pcdh7-/-) cells showed impaired PP2A activity, despite their normal expression of PP2A. GSK3β, whose activity is regulated by its inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser9, was dephosphorylated during osteoclast differentiation in a Pcdh7-dependent manner. Inhibition of protein phosphatase by okadaic acid reduced dephosphorylation of GSK3β in Pcdh7+/+ cells, while activation of PP2A by DT-061 rescued impaired dephosphorylation of GSK3β in Pcdh7-/- cells. Inhibition of GSK3β by AR-A014418 inhibited RANKL-induced RhoA activation and osteoclast differentiation in Pcdh7+/+ cells. On the other hand, DT-061 treatment rescued impaired RhoA activation and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in Pcdh7-/- cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PP2A dephosphorylates GSK3β and thereby activates it in a Pcdh7-dependent manner, which is required for activation of small GTPase RhoA and proper osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.K.); (N.T.)
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Yang J, Feng Y, Li Q, Zeng Y. Evidence of the static magnetic field effects on bone-related diseases and bone cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:168-180. [PMID: 36462638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs), magnetic fields with constant intensity and orientation, have been extensively studied in the field of bone biology both fundamentally and clinically as a non-invasive physical factor. A large number of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that SMFs have effective therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases such as non-healing fractures, bone non-union of bone implants, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The maintenance of bone health in adults depends on the basic functions of bone cells, such as bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Numerous studies have revealed that SMFs can regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and function of bone tissue cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, bone marrow monocytes (BMMs), osteoclasts, and osteocytes. In this paper, the effects of SMFs on bone-related diseases and bone tissue cells are reviewed from both in vivo studies and in vitro studies, and the possible mechanisms are analyzed. In addition, some challenges that need to be further addressed in the research of SMF and bone are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Cao J, Zhou MX, Chen X, Sun M, Wei C, Peng Q, Cheng Z, Sun W, Wang H. Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Repressing 5-LO and AKT/GSK3β Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880988. [PMID: 35558084 PMCID: PMC9087042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG), an active flavonoid compound derived from the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk., exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and high 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory effects. However, its effect on osteoclastogenesis was unclear. We demonstrated that SOG markedly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, F-actin ring formation, and mineral resorption by reducing the induction of key transcription factors NFATc1, c-Fos, and their target genes such as TRAP, CTSK, and DC-STAMP during osteoclastogenesis. Western blotting showed that SOG significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β at the middle–late stage of osteoclastogenesis without altering calcineurin catalytic subunit protein phosphatase-2β-Aα expression. Moreover, GSK3β inhibitor SB415286 partially reversed SOG-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that SOG inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by activating GSK3β, at least in part. 5-LO gene silencing by small interfering RNA in mouse bone marrow macrophages markedly reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1. However, it did not affect the phosphorylation of AKT or GSK3β, indicating that SOG exerts its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by suppressing both the independent 5-LO pathway and AKT-mediated GSK3β inactivation. In support of this, SOG significantly improved bone destruction in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of bone loss. Taken together, these results suggest a potential therapeutic effect for SOG on osteoclast-related bone lysis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cao
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Xue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglu Sun
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congmin Wei
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhou Cheng
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanchun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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McCarty MF, Lewis Lujan L, Iloki Assanga S. Targeting Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with Nutraceuticals: A Practical Strategy for Preserving Bone Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4776. [PMID: 35563167 PMCID: PMC9104509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vast pre-clinical literature suggesting that certain nutraceuticals have the potential to aid the preservation of bone mass in the context of estrogen withdrawal, glucocorticoid treatment, chronic inflammation, or aging. In an effort to bring some logical clarity to these findings, the signaling pathways regulating osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast induction, activity, and survival are briefly reviewed in the present study. The focus is placed on the following factors: the mechanisms that induce and activate the RUNX2 transcription factor, a key driver of osteoblast differentiation and function; the promotion of autophagy and prevention of apoptosis in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; and the induction and activation of NFATc1, which promotes the expression of many proteins required for osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. This analysis suggests that the activation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the Nrf2 transcription factor, and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) can be expected to aid the maintenance of bone mass, whereas the inhibition of the serine kinase CK2 should also be protective in this regard. Fortuitously, nutraceuticals are available to address each of these targets. Sirt1 activation can be promoted with ferulic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, melatonin, nicotinamide riboside, glucosamine, and thymoquinone. Berberine, such as the drug metformin, is a clinically useful activator of AMPK. Many agents, including lipoic acid, melatonin, thymoquinone, astaxanthin, and crucifera-derived sulforaphane, can promote Nrf2 activity. Pharmacological doses of biotin can directly stimulate sGC. Additionally, certain flavonols, notably quercetin, can inhibit CK2 in high nanomolar concentrations that may be clinically relevant. Many, though not all, of these agents have shown favorable effects on bone density and structure in rodent models of bone loss. Complex nutraceutical regimens providing a selection of these nutraceuticals in clinically meaningful doses may have an important potential for preserving bone health. Concurrent supplementation with taurine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamins D and K2, and minerals, including magnesium, zinc, and manganese, plus a diet naturally high in potassium, may also be helpful in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidianys Lewis Lujan
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food Science, Sonoran University, Hermosillo 83200, Mexico;
| | - Simon Iloki Assanga
- Department of Biological Chemical Sciences, Sonoran University, Hermosillo 83200, Mexico;
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Ueda-Ichinose Y, Hotokezaka H, Miyazaki T, Moriishi T, Hotokezaka Y, Arizono K, Nakamura T, Yoshida N. Lithium reduces orthodontically induced root resorption by suppressing cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation in rats. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:547-554. [PMID: 35130346 DOI: 10.2319/072221-578.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether lithium suppresses orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) via two mechanisms (prevention of hyalinization in periodontal tissue and suppression of odontoclasts) and to investigate the changes in the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, focusing on the appearance of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats were moved mesially by a closed-coil spring for 14 days. Lithium chloride (LiCl; 0.64 mM/kg) or saline (control) was administered intraperitoneally daily. Tooth movements were measured using micro-computed tomography. Appearances of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts were evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS OIRR observed on day 14 in the control group was suppressed strongly by LiCl administration. Apoptotic cells observed on day 1 in the compression area were gradually diminished on days 2 and 3 and transformed to hyalinization tissue in the control group. LiCl administration remarkably suppressed this cell death and subsequent hyalinization. Also, the appearance of odontoclasts in the compression area observed on day 7 was significantly suppressed by LiCl administration. Accordingly, these degenerative processes to OIRR were suppressed substantially by LiCl treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lithium reduces OIRR through the suppression of periodontal ligament cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation.
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Filipowska J, Kondegowda NG, Leon-Rivera N, Dhawan S, Vasavada RC. LGR4, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor With a Systemic Role: From Development to Metabolic Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867001. [PMID: 35707461 PMCID: PMC9190282 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4/GPR48), a member of the GPCR (G protein-coupled receptors) superfamily, subfamily B, is a common intestinal crypt stem cell marker. It binds R-spondins/Norrin as classical ligands and plays a crucial role in Wnt signaling potentiation. Interaction between LGR4 and R-spondins initiates many Wnt-driven developmental processes, e.g., kidney, eye, or reproductive tract formation, as well as intestinal crypt (Paneth) stem cell pool maintenance. Besides the well-described role of LGR4 in development, several novel functions of this receptor have recently been discovered. In this context, LGR4 was indicated to participate in TGFβ and NFκB signaling regulation in hematopoietic precursors and intestinal cells, respectively, and found to be a new, alternative receptor for RANKL (Receptor Activator of NF kappa B Ligand) in bone cells. LGR4 inhibits the process of osteoclast differentiation, by antagonizing the interaction between RANK (Receptor Activator of NF kappa B) and its ligand-RANKL. It is also known to trigger anti-inflammatory responses in different tissues (liver, intestine, cardiac cells, and skin), serve as a sensor of the circadian clock in the liver, regulate adipogenesis and energy expenditure in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, respectively. The extracellular domain of LGR4 (LGR4-ECD) has emerged as a potential new therapeutic for osteoporosis and cancer. LGR4 integrates different signaling pathways and regulates various cellular processes vital for maintaining whole-body homeostasis. Yet, the role of LGR4 in many cell types (e.g. pancreatic beta cells) and diseases (e.g., diabetes) remains to be elucidated. Considering the broad spectrum of LGR4 actions, this review aims to discuss both canonical and novel roles of LGR4, with emphasis on emerging research directions focused on this receptor.
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Ma TL, Zhu P, Ke ZR, Chen JX, Hu YH, Xie J. Focusing on OB-OC-MΦ Axis and miR-23a to Explore the Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategy of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891313. [PMID: 35909545 PMCID: PMC9329542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by decreased bone density and deteriorated microstructure, which increases the risk of fractures. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption results in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Osteoblast-mediated bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and macrophage-regulated inflammatory response play a central role in the process of bone remodeling, which together maintain the balance of the osteoblast-osteoclast-macrophage (OB-OC-MΦ) axis under physiological conditions. Bone formation and bone resorption disorders caused by the imbalance of OB-OC-MΦ axis contribute to osteoporosis. Many microRNAs are involved in the regulation of OB-OC-MΦ axis homeostasis, with microRNA-23a (miR-23a) being particularly crucial. MiR-23a is highly expressed in the pathological process of osteoporosis, which eventually leads to the occurrence and further progression of osteoporosis by inhibiting osteogenesis, promoting bone resorption and inflammatory polarization of macrophages. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of miR-23a in regulating the OB-OC-MΦ axis to provide new clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Ke
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
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Tavares SJS, Lima V. Bone anti-resorptive effects of coumarins on RANKL downstream cellular signaling: a systematic review of the literature. Fitoterapia 2021; 150:104842. [PMID: 33556550 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the botanical families Apiaceae/Umbelliferae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae/Leguminosae, and Thymelaeaceae are rich in coumarins and have traditionally been used as ethnomedicines in many regions including Europe, Asia, and South America. Coumarins are a class of secondary metabolites that are widely present in plants, fungi, and bacteria and exhibit several pharmacological, biochemical, and therapeutic effects. Recently, many plants rich in coumarins and their derivatives were found to affect bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE To review scientific literature describing the mechanisms of action of coumarins in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this systematic review, the PubMed, Scopus, and Periodical Capes databases and portals were searched. We included in vitro research articles published between 2010 and 2020 that evaluated coumarins using osteoclastogenic markers. RESULTS Coumarins have been reported to downregulate RANKL-RANK signaling and various downstream signaling pathways required for osteoclast development, such as NF-κB, MAPK, Akt, and Ca2+ signaling, as well as pathways downstream of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). CONCLUSIONS Coumarins primarily inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activation by modulating different intracellular signaling pathways; therefore, they could serve as potential candidates for controlled randomized clinical trials aimed at improving human bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Jessica Silva Tavares
- School of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-355, Brazil.
| | - Vilma Lima
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60.430-275, Brazil.
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Cao J, Wang S, Wei C, Lin H, Zhang C, Gao Y, Xu Z, Cheng Z, Sun WC, Wang HB. Agrimophol suppresses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis through Blimp1-Bcl6 axis and prevents inflammatory bone loss in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107137. [PMID: 33199235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many bone-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Agrimophol (AGR), a phenolic compound, originated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. In prior studies, AGR is reported to possess schistosomicidal and mycobactericidal activities. However, no reports covered its anti-osteoclastogenesis characteristic. In this study, we found that AGR inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, bone-resorption, F-actin ring formation, and the mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes such as CTSK, TRAP, MMP-9, and ATP6v0d2 in vitro. In addition, AGR suppressed RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. However, AGR treatment did not affect NF-κB activation and MAPKs phosphorylation in RANKL-stimulated BMMs, which implicated that AGR might not influence the initial expression of NFATc1 mediated by NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Our results further indicated that AGR did not alter phosphorylation levels of GSK3β and the expression of calcineurin, which implicated that AGR treatment might not interfere with phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of NFATc1 mediated by GSK3β and calcineurin, respectively. B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1), which was regarded as a transcriptional repressor of negative regulators of osteoclastogenesis, was markedly attenuated in the presence of AGR, leading to the enhanced expression of B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6). Meanwhile, Blimp1 knockdown in BMMs by siRNA strongly enhanced the expression of Bcl6 and reduced NFATc1 induction by RANKL. These findings suggested that AGR inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through Blimp1-Bcl-6 signaling mediated modulation of NFATc1 and its target genes. Consistent with these in vitro results, AGR exhibited a protective influence in an in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced bone loss by suppressing excessive osteoclast activity and attenuating LPS-induced bone destruction. Hence, these results identified that AGR could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent against bone lysis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changchun People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Congmin Wei
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongru Lin
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yehui Gao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zixian Xu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhou Cheng
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wan-Chun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yi S, Kim J, Lee SY. GDNF secreted by pre-osteoclasts induces migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and stimulates osteogenesis. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33148376 PMCID: PMC7781916 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption is linked to bone formation via temporal and spatial coupling within the remodeling cycle. Several lines of evidence point to the critical role of coupling factors derived from pre-osteoclasts (POCs) during the regulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). However, the role of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in BMMSCs is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate the role of POC-derived GDNF in regulating the migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed GDNF upregulation in POCs compared with monocytes/macrophages. Specifically, BMMSC migration was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against GDNF in pre-osteoclast-conditioned medium (POC-CM), whereas treatment with a recombinant GDNF enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, POC-CM derived from GDNF knockdowned bone marrow macrophages suppressed BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation. SPP86, a small molecule inhibitor, inhibits BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, which is recruited by GDNF into the GFRα1 complex. Overall, this study highlights the role of POC-derived GDNF in BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that GDNF regulates bone meta-bolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Yi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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ASP2-1, a polysaccharide from Acorus tatarinowii Schott, inhibits osteoclastogenesis via modulation of NFATc1 and attenuates LPS-induced bone loss in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2219-2230. [PMID: 33132123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis of HPLC-purified 7.3-kD Acorus tatarinowii Schott root polysaccharide ASP2-1 (FT-IR, NMR) revealed respective monosaccharide proportions of glucose: galactose: arabinose: xylose: galacturonic acid: mannose: rhamnose: glucuronic acid:fucose of 49.1:16.0:11.6:10.2:5.3:2.9:2.2:1.7:0.8. In vitro, ASP2-1 inhibited osteoclastogenesis-associated bone resorption, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and F-actin ring formation and suppressed osteoclastogenesis-associated gene expression (e.g., TRAP, OSCAR, Atp6v0d2, αV, β3, MMP9 and CtsK) as shown via RT-PCR. ASP2-1-treated RANKL-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibited decreased levels of NFATc1 and c-Fos mRNAs and corresponding transcription factor proteins, elevated expression of negative NFATc1 regulators (Mafb, IRF8, Bcl6) and reduced their upstream negative regulator (Blimp1) expression. ASP2-1 inhibition of NFATc1 expression involved PLCγ2-Ca2+ oscillation-calcineurin axis suppression, reflecting suppression of RANKL-induced PLCγ2 activation (and associated Ca2+ oscillation) and calcineurin catalytic subunit PP2BAα expression without inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs activation or phosphorylation. Staining (H&E, TRAP) and micro-CT assays revealed ASP2-1 attenuated bone destruction and osteoclast over-activation and improved tibia micro-architecture in a murine LPS-induced bone loss model. Thus, ASP2-1 may alleviate inflammatory bone loss-associated diseases.
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13
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Jeong S, Seong JH, Kang JH, Lee DS, Yim M. Dynamin-related protein 1 positively regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:58-67. [PMID: 33084048 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a mitochondrial membrane GTPase and regulates mitochondrial fission. In this study, we found that the cytokine RANKL increased the expression of DRP1 and its receptor proteins, Fis1, Mid49, and Mid 51, during osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Inactivation of the kinase GSK3β appeared to induce DRP1 expression. DRP1 knockdown or the DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi1 suppressed osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of c-Fos and NFATc1, the key transcription factor for osteoclast formation. Finally, the DRP1 inhibitor suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation in a calvarial model and ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate that DRP1 positively contributes to RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by regulating the c-Fos-NFATc1 axis, suggesting the importance of mitochondrial DRP1 in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Li Y, Zheng J, Gong C, Lan K, Shen Y, Ding X. Development of an immunogenomic landscape for the competing endogenous RNAs network of peri-implantitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:208. [PMID: 33081707 PMCID: PMC7576812 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is an inflammation that occurs around the implant, resulting in varying degrees of inflammatory damage to the soft and hard tissues. The characteristic criterion is the loss of the supporting bone in an inflammatory environment. However, the specific mechanisms and biomarkers involved in peri-implantitis remain to be further studied. Recently, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and immune microenvironment have been found to play a more important role in the inflammatory process. In our study, we analyzed the expression of immune related microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and message RNAs (mRNAs) in peri-implantitis by analyzing GSE33774 and GSE57631. METHODS In this study, we explored the expression profile data of immune-related lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, and constructed immune-related ceRNA network involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. In addition, the CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the content of immune cells in normal tissues and peri-implantitis to detect the immune microenvironment of peri-implantitis. RESULTS In the analysis, 14 DElncRNAs, 16 DEmiRNAs, and 18 DEmRNAs were used to establish an immune related ceRNA network and the immune infiltration patterns associated with peri-implantitis was discovered. Through the mutual verification of the two datasets, we found that GSK3B and miR-1297 may have important significance in the immune microenvironment and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and GSK3B was closely related to four types of immune cells, especially with the highest correlation with resting mast cells (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Through immune-related ceRNA network, immune-related genes (IRGs) and immune cell infiltration can further comprehensively understand the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, which built up an immunogenomic landscape with clinical significance for peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,State key laboratory of molecular engineering of polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jina Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chanjuan Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kengfu Lan
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,State key laboratory of molecular engineering of polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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15
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Zhao Y, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Involvement of Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Osteoclasts. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4813140. [PMID: 32908541 PMCID: PMC7468661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling and skeletal health. Much effort has been focused on identifying the regulators of osteoclast metabolism. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) reportedly regulate osteoclast formation, differentiation, survival, and bone-resorbing activity to participate in bone physiology and pathology. The present review intends to provide a general framework for how ncRNAs and their targets regulate osteoclast differentiation and the important events of osteoclastogenesis they are involved in, including osteoclast precursor generation, early differentiation, mononuclear osteoclast fusion, and multinucleated osteoclast function and survival. This framework is beneficial for understanding bone biology and for identifying the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of bone diseases. The review also summarizes the results of in vivo experiments and classic experiment methods for osteoclast-related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Zheng C, Tang F, Min L, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Tu C. PTEN in osteosarcoma: Recent advances and the therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188405. [PMID: 32827577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly occurring in children and adolescents. Despite treated with surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, osteosarcoma has a high potential of local recurrence and lung metastasis. Overall survival rates for osteosarcoma have plateaued in the past four decades, therefore, identification of novel targets and development of more effective treatment strategies are urgent. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Over half of clinical osteosarcoma samples presented loss or low expression of PTEN, which usually indicated an advanced stage of tumor and a poor prognosis. The expression of PTEN is regulated by epigenetic silence, transcription regulation, post-translational modifications, and protein interactions in osteosarcoma. Therefore, explicating regulations to restore the anti-tumor function of PTEN might provide novel targeted therapies for osteosarcoma. Preclinical evidence suggested directly targeting the altered PTEN in osteosarcoma was promising. Current clinical application of PTEN related therapies in osteosarcoma are PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and these drugs have shown the favorable efficacy in patients with advanced osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA.
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Xin Y, Liu Y, Liu D, Li J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zheng S. New Function of RUNX2 in Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via the AKT/NFATc1/CTSK Axis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:553-566. [PMID: 32008052 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder resulting from RUNX2 mutations. The influence of RUNX2 mutations on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have not been reported. To investigate the role of RUNX2 in osteoclast, RUNX2 expression in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) was detected. Stable RAW 264.7 cell lines expressing wild-type RUNX2 or mutated RUNX2 (c.514delT, p.172 fs) were established, and their functions in osteoclasts were investigated. Wild-type RUNX2 promoted osteoclast differentiation, formation of F-actin ring, and bone resorption, while mutant RUNX2 attenuated the positive differentiation effect. Wild-type RUNX2 increased the expression and activity of mTORC2. Subsequently, mTORC2 specifically promoted phosphorylation of AKT at the serine 473 residue. Activated AKT improved the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and increased the expression of downstream genes, including CTSK. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation abrogated the osteoclast formation of wild-type macrophages, whereas constitutively activated AKT rescued the osteoclast formation of mutant macrophages. The present study suggested that RUNX2 promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through the AKT/NFATc1/CTSK axis. Mutant RUNX2 lost the function of regulating osteoclast differentiation and bone remodeling, resulting in the defective formation of the tooth eruption pathway and impaction of permanent teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia. This study, for the first time, verifies the effect of RUNX2 on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and provides new insight for the explanation of cleidocranial dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Xin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. The Skeletal-Protecting Action and Mechanisms of Action for Mood-Stabilizing Drug Lithium Chloride: Current Evidence and Future Potential Research Areas. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 32317977 PMCID: PMC7154099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium, the lightest natural-occurring alkali metal with an atomic number of three, stabilizes the mood to prevent episodes of acute manic and depression. Multiple lines of evidence point to lithium as an anti-suicidal, anti-viral, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and osteoprotective agent. This review article provides a comprehensive review of studies investigating the bone-enhancing effects of lithium and its possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Most of the animal experimental studies reported the beneficial effects of lithium in defective bones but not in healthy bones. In humans, the effects of lithium on bones remain heterogeneous. Mechanistically, lithium promotes osteoblastic activities by activating canonical Wingless (Wnt)/beta (β)-catenin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) transduction pathways but suppresses osteoclastic activities by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and calcium signaling cascades. In conclusion, lithium confers protection to the skeleton but its clinical utility awaits further validation from human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Xiao D, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Cao B, Zhang Q, Zeng G, Zong S. PDK1 is important lipid kinase for RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function via the regulation of the Akt-GSK3β-NFATc1 signaling cascade. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4542-4557. [PMID: 32048762 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in the balanced process of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption leading to excessive osteoclast formation and/or activity is the cause of many pathological bone conditions such as osteoporosis. The osteoclast is the only cell in the body capable of resorbing and degrading the mineralized bone matrix. Osteoclast formation from monocytic precursors is governed by the actions of two key cytokines macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Binding of RANKL binding to receptor RANK initiates a series of downstream signaling responses leading to monocytic cell differentiation and fusion, and subsequent mature osteoclast bone resorption and survival. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade is one such pathway activated in response to RANKL. The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), is considered the master upstream lipid kinase of the PI3K-Akt cascade. PDK1 functions to phosphorylate and partially activate Akt, triggering the activation of downstream effectors. However, the role of PDK1 in osteoclasts has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we specifically deleted the PDK1 gene in osteoclasts using the cathepsin-K promoter driven Cre-LoxP system. We found that the specific genetic ablation of PDK1 in osteoclasts leads to an osteoclast-poor osteopetrotic phenotype in mice. In vitro cellular assays further confirmed the impairment of osteoclast formation in response to RANKL by PDK1-deficient bone marrow macrophage (BMM) precursor cells. PDK1-deficient BMMs exhibited reduced ability to reorganize actin cytoskeleton to form a podosomal actin belt as a result of diminished capacity to fuse into giant multinucleated osteoclasts. Notably, biochemical analyses showed that PDK1 deficiency attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and downstream effector GSK3β, and reduced induction of NFATc1. GSK3β is a reported negative regulator of NFATc1. GSK3β activity is inhibited by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Thus, our data provide clear genetic and mechanistic insights into the important role for PDK1 in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunbing Gao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Baichuan Cao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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20
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Hou H, Peng Q, Wang S, Zhang Y, Cao J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Sun WC, Wang HB. Anemonin Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Bone Loss in Mice via Modulation of NFATc1. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1696. [PMID: 32116686 PMCID: PMC7025528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by insufficient osteoblastic function and/or excessive osteoclastic activity. One promising strategy for treating osteoporosis is inhibiting excessive osteoclast resorbing activity. Previous studies have revealed that anemonin (ANE), isolated from various types of Chinese natural herbs, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, whether ANE regulates osteoclastogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of ANE on osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss in mice. In in vitro studies, ANE suppressed RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation and function by downregulating the expression of osteoclast master transcriptor NFATc1, as well as its upstream transcriptor c-Fos, by decreasing NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling. Interestingly, ANE did not change the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α and activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs. However, ANE repressed the phosphorylation of MSK-1 which is the downstream target of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and can phosphorylate NF-κB p65 subunit. These results implicated that ANE might suppress NF-κB activity via modulation of ERK1/2 mediated NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, ANE directly suppressed NFATc1 transcription by inhibiting Blimp-1 expression, and the subsequent enhancement of the expression of NFATc1 negative regulators, Bcl-6 and IRF-8. Moreover, in vivo studies were conducted using an LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss mice model. Micro-CT and histology analysis showed that ANE treatment significantly improved trabecular bone parameters and bone destruction. These data indicate that ANE can attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ameliorate LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss in mice through modulation of NFATc1 via ERK1/2-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation and Blimp1 signal pathways. ANE may provide new treatment options for osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changchun People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan-Chun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Yan DY, Tang J, Chen L, Wang B, Weng S, Xie Z, Wu ZY, Shen Z, Bai B, Yang L. Imperatorin promotes osteogenesis and suppresses osteoclast by activating AKT/GSK3 β/β-catenin pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2330-2341. [PMID: 31883297 PMCID: PMC7011130 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is caused by disturbance in the dynamic balance of bone remodelling, a physiological process, vital for maintenance of healthy bone tissue in adult humans. In this process, a new bone is formed by osteoblasts and the pre‐existing bone matrix is resorbed by osteoclasts. Imperatorin, a widely available and inexpensive plant extract with antioxidative and apoptotic effects, is reported to treat osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanism and specific effects on bone metabolism have not been elucidated. In this study, we used rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and found that imperatorin can activate RUNX2, COL1A1 and osteocalcin by promoting the Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β and entry of β‐catenin into the nucleus. Imperatorin also enhanced the production of phospho‐AKT (Ser473), an upstream factor that promotes the Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β. We used ipatasertib, a pan‐AKT inhibitor, to inhibit the osteogenic effect of imperatorin, and found that imperatorin promotes osteogenesis via AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway. Next, we used rat bone marrow‐derived monocytes, to check whether imperatorin inhibits osteoclast differentiation via AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway. Further, we removed the bilateral ovaries of rats to establish an osteoporotic model. Intragastric administration of imperatorin promoted osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclast in vivo. Our experiments showed that imperatorin is a potential drug for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingzhang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongjie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijian Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingli Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Wang D, Zhao J, Li S, Wei J, Nan L, Mallampalli RK, Weathington NM, Ma H, Zhao Y. Phosphorylated E2F1 is stabilized by nuclear USP11 to drive Peg10 gene expression and activate lung epithelial cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:60-73. [PMID: 28992046 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor 1 (E2F1) regulates paternally expressed imprinted gene 10 (Peg10) expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation. However, the effect of E2F1 stability on Peg10 expression and the molecular regulation of E2F1 stability by its phosphorylation have not been well demonstrated. Here, we describe a new pathway in which phosphorylation of E2F1 by GSK3β increases E2F1 association with the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), which removes K63-linked ubiquitin chains thereby preventing E2F1 degradation in the nuclei. Downregulation of USP11 increases E2F1 ubiquitination and reduces E2F1 stability and protein levels, thereby decreasing Peg10 mRNA levels. Physiologically, USP11 depletion suppresses cell proliferation and wound healing in lung epithelial cells, and these effects are reversed by E2F1 and PEG10 overexpression. Thus, our study reveals a new molecular model that phosphorylation promotes substrate stability through increasing its association with a deubiquitinating enzyme. The data suggest that GSK3β and USP11 act in concert to modulate E2F1 abundance and PEG10 expression in lung epithelial cells to affect cell wound healing. This study provides new therapeutic targets to lessen lung injury by improving lung epithelial cell repair and remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ling Nan
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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23
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Berberine coated mannosylated liposomes curtail RANKL stimulated osteoclastogenesis through the modulation of GSK3β pathway via upregulating miR-23a. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Lin X, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Ma J, Qiu W, Zhang K, Xu F, Dang K, Qian A. Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) knockdown inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110494. [PMID: 31260729 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption and play essential roles in causing bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) is a large spectraplakin protein that has been implicated in regulating cytoskeletal distribution, cell migration, cell survival and cell differentiation. However, whether MACF1 regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the expression of MACF1 was increased in primary bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) of osteoporotic mice and was downregulated during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis of pre-osteoclast cell lines RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with shMACF1 using a lentiviral vector to study the role of MACF1 in osteoclastogenic differentiation. Knockdown of MACF1 in RAW264.7 cells inhibited the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and decreased the expression of osteoclast-marker genes (Ctsk, Acp5, Mmp9 and Oscar) during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, knockdown of MACF1 disrupted actin ring formation in osteoclasts and further blocked the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts by reducing the area and depth of pits. Knockdown of MACF1 had no effect on the survival of pre-osteoclasts and mature osteoclasts. We further established that knockdown of MACF1 attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β and inhibited the expression of its downstream target NFATc1. Akt activator rescued the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by MACF1 knockdown. These data demonstrate that MACF1 positively regulates osteoclast differentiation via the Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling pathway, suggesting that targeting MACF1 may be a novel therapeutic approach against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wuxia Qiu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Kewen Zhang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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25
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Park JH, Jeong E, Lin J, Ko R, Kim JH, Yi S, Choi Y, Kang IC, Lee D, Lee SY. RACK1 interaction with c-Src is essential for osteoclast function. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 31358728 PMCID: PMC6802652 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffolding protein receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) mediates receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL)-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors; however, the role of RACK1 in mature osteoclasts is unclear. The aim of our study was to identify the interaction between RACK1 and c-Src that is critical for osteoclast function. A RACK1 mutant protein (mutations of tyrosine 228 and 246 residues to phenylalanine; RACK1 Y228F/Y246F) did not interact with c-Src. The mutant retained its ability to differentiate into osteoclasts; however, the integrity of the RANKL-mediated cytoskeleton, bone resorption activity, and phosphorylation of c-Src was significantly decreased. Importantly, lysine 152 (K152) within the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of c-Src is involved in RACK1 binding. The c-Src K152R mutant (mutation of lysine 152 into arginine) impaired the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. These findings not only clarify the role of the RACK1-c-Src axis as a key regulator of osteoclast function but will also help to develop new antiresorption therapies to prevent bone loss-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sol Yi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, BioChip Research Center, and Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea. .,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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26
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Huang TB, Li YZ, Yu K, Yu Z, Wang Y, Jiang ZW, Wang HM, Yang GL. Effect of the Wnt signal-RANKL/OPG axis on the enhanced osteogenic integration of a lithium incorporated surface. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1101-1116. [PMID: 30633253 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone remolding involves the formation of new bone by osteoblasts and the absorption of old bones by osteoclasts. Due to the vital role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone regeneration, it might be feasible to promote osseointegration around the titanium implants by stimulating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts by modifying the surfaces of the implants. Lithium is used in the treatment of psychiatric patients, and it may be associated with osteogenesis. In this study, lithium was incorporated with sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched titanium implants via a hydrothermal treatment. In vitro, the nano-scale surface enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, the SLA-Li surface displayed a negative effect on the process of osteoclastogenesis. Further mechanism analysis indicated that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated according to the results of RT-PCR and western blotting. More importantly, the RANKL/OPG signaling axis was also involved in these effects on the SLA-Li surface. The experiments in vivo proved that the SLA-Li surface could induce the bone formation and osseointegration during the early osseointegration after the dental implant surgery. These results suggested that bone homeostasis could be manipulated by an SLA-Li surface, which implied that this new surface might serve as a promising material for clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ben Huang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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27
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Lu SH, Hsia YJ, Shih KC, Chou TC. Fucoidan Prevents RANKL-Stimulated Osteoclastogenesis and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Bone Loss via Regulation of Akt/GSK3β/PTEN/NFATc1 Signaling Pathway and Calcineurin Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E345. [PMID: 31185702 PMCID: PMC6627629 DOI: 10.3390/md17060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast differentiation and/or function plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we examined whether fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide present in brown algae, attenuates receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in vitro and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in vivo, and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results indicated that fucoidan significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-stimulated macrophages and the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. The effects of fucoidan may be mediated by regulation of Akt/GSK3β/PTEN signaling and suppression of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ level and calcineurin activity, thereby inhibiting the translocation of nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) into the nucleus. However, fucoidan-mediated NFATc1 inactivation was greatly reversed by kenpaullone, a GSK3β inhibitor. In addition, using microcomputer tomography (micro-CT) scanning and bone histomorphometry, we found that fucoidan treatment markedly prevented LPS-induced bone erosion in mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that fucoidan was capable of inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone loss, which may be modulated by regulation of Akt/GSK3β/PTEN/NFATc1 and Ca2+/calcineurin signaling cascades. These findings suggest that fucoidan may be a potential agent for the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jan Hsia
- Dental Department and Devision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tz-Chong Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 400, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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28
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Zhao K, Jia Y, Peng J, Pang C, Zhang T, Han W, Jiang J, Lu X, Zhu J, Qian Y. Anacardic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. FASEB J 2019; 33:9100-9115. [PMID: 31050917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802575rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of primary osteoporosis, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. In consideration of the limitations of current therapeutic options for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is an urgent need to develop safer alternatives. Anacardic acid, a natural phenolic acid compound extracted from cashew nut shell, possesses potent antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits NF-κB signaling. However, its effect on osteoclasts remains unknown. This study reports the first evidence for the antiosteoclastogenic and antiresorptive effects of anacardic acid on bone marrow-derived macrophage-derived osteoclasts. Mechanistically, anacardic acid disrupts the phosphorylation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 and subsequently suppresses multiple receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced signaling cascades, ultimately inhibiting the induction and activation of the crucial osteoclast transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1. Consistent with cellular results in vitro, anacardic acid treatment improves bone density in the murine model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Taken together, our study provides promising evidence for the therapeutic application of anacardic acid as a new potential pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis.-Zhao, K., Jia, Y., Peng, J., Pang, C., Zhang, T., Han, W., Jiang, J., Lu, X., Zhu, J., Qian, Y. Anacardic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; and
| | - Cong Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; and
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiling Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; and
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29
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Arioka M, Takahashi-Yanaga F. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor as a multi-targeting anti-rheumatoid drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:207-213. [PMID: 30776323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes swelling, bone erosion, and joint disorder. Patients with RA therefore suffer from pain and physiological disability, and have a decreased quality of life. During the progression of RA, many different types of cells and inflammatory factors influence each other with an important role. A better understanding of the pathology of RA should therefore lead to the development of effective anti-rheumatoid drugs, such as the anti-TNFα antibody. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in a large number of key cellular processes and is dysregulated in a wide variety of diseases, including inflammation and osteoporosis. The accumulated evidence has suggested that GSK-3 could be involved in multiple steps in the progression of RA. In the present review, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of RA are summarized, and recent developments and potential new drugs targeting GSK-3 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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30
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Liu X, Gao X, Liu Y, Liang D, Fu T, Song Y, Zhao C, Dong B, Han W. Daphnetin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2304-2312. [PMID: 30206967 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common orthopedic disease which is associated with hyper-activated osteoclastogenesis. Daphnetin is a natural coumarin derivative isolated from Genus Daphne, which possesses antiarthritis effect. However, the role of daphnetin in osteoclastogenesis has not been illustrated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of daphnetin on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Our results showed that the osteoclast formation was significantly suppressed by daphnetin treatment in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), which was illustrated by reduced number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinucleated osteoclasts and decreased expression levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAF6), c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, and cathepsin K. RANKL caused significant induction effects in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, whereas the induction was dramatically reduced after pretreatment with daphnetin. In addition, daphnetin prevented the RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and Akt/GSK-3β pathways in BMMs. These findings indicated that daphnetin exhibited an inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The effect of daphnetin might be mediated by inhibiting ROS signal transduction, as well as preventing the activation of NF-κB and Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways. These findings indicated that daphnetin might be considered as a new therapeutic approach for the osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Department of Health Science, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongsheng Liang
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congzhe Zhao
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Nerve & Spine Ward, Rehabilitation Center for TCM Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Shalev M, Elson A. The roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:114-123. [PMID: 30026076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the proper balance between osteoblast-mediated production of bone and its degradation by osteoclasts is essential for health. Osteoclasts are giant phagocytic cells that are formed by fusion of monocyte-macrophage precursor cells; mature osteoclasts adhere to bone tightly and secrete protons and proteases that degrade its matrix. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins, which is regulated by the biochemically-antagonistic activities of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is central in regulating the production of osteoclasts and their bone-resorbing activity. Here we review the roles of individual PTPs of the classical and dual-specificity sub-families that are known to support these processes (SHP2, cyt-PTPe, PTPRO, PTP-PEST, CD45) or to inhibit them (SHP1, PTEN, MKP1). Characterizing the functions of PTPs in osteoclasts is essential for complete molecular level understanding of bone resorption and for designing novel therapeutic approaches for treating bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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32
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Kim EC, Park J, Noh G, Park SJ, Noh K, Kwon IK, Ahn SJ. Effects of moderate intensity static magnetic fields on osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:394-404. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jaesuh Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Gunwoo Noh
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Park
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Kwantae Noh
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
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Tension force-induced bone formation in orthodontic tooth movement via modulation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Mol Histol 2017; 49:75-84. [PMID: 29224185 PMCID: PMC5750339 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic force-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation at tension sites play a critical role in orthodontic tooth movement. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the involvement of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is critical for bone formation during tooth movement. We established a rat tooth movement model to test the hypothesis that orthodontic force may stimulate bone formation at the tension site of the moved tooth and promote the rate of tooth movement via regulation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results showed that continued mechanical loading increased the distance between the first and second molar in rats. In addition, the loading force increased bone formation at the tension site, and also increased phospho-Ser9-GSK-3β expression and β-catenin signaling pathway activity. Downregulation of GSK-3β activity further increased bone parameters, including bone mineral density, bone volume to tissue volume and trabecular thickness, as well as ALP- and osterix-positive cells at tension sites during tooth movement. However, ICG-001, the β-catenin selective inhibitor, reversed the positive effects of GSK-3β inhibition. In addition, pharmaceutical inhibition of GSK-3β or local treatment with β-catenin inhibitor did not influence the rate of tooth movement. Based on these results, we concluded that GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling contributes to the bone remodeling induced by orthodontic forces, and can be used as a potential therapeutic target in clinical dentistry.
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Zheng T, Kim NY, Yim M. Fexaramine Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand-induced Osteoclast Formation via Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Signaling Pathways. J Bone Metab 2017; 24:207-215. [PMID: 29259959 PMCID: PMC5734945 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2017.24.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells and are responsible for bone erosion in diseases as diverse as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Fexaramine has been developed as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This study investigated the effects of fexaramine on receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and signaling pathways. Methods Osteoclasts were formed by culturing mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL. Bone resorption assays were performed using dentine slices. The mRNA expression level was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting assays were conducted to detect the expression or activation level of proteins. Lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation was performed using a mouse calvarial model. Results Fexaramine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, fexaramine diminished the RANKL-stimulated bone resorption. Mechanistically, fexaramine blocked the RANKL-triggered p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation, resulting in suppressed expression of c-Fos and NF of activated T cells (NFATc1). Consistent with the in vitro anti-osteoclastogenic effect, fexaramine suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation in the calvarial model. Conclusions The present data suggest that fexaramine has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation and function, via downregulation of NFATc1 signaling pathways. Thus, fexaramine could be useful for the treatment of bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BH, Oh JH, Lee NK. The Inactivation of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-kB Is Involved in the Down-Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Function by A2B Adenosine Receptor Stimulation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:752-760. [PMID: 29047264 PMCID: PMC5682252 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) is known to be the regulator of bone homeostasis, but its regulatory mechanisms in osteoclast formation are less well-defined. Here, we demonstrate the effect of A2BAR stimulation on osteoclast differentiation and activity by RANKL. A2BAR was expressed in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) and RANKL increased A2BAR expression during osteoclastogenesis. A2BAR stimulation with its specific agonist BAY 60-6583 was sufficient to inhibit the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAP kinases and NF-κB by RANKL as well as it abrogated cell-cell fusion in the late stage of osteoclast differentiation. Stimulation of A2BAR suppressed the expression of osteoclast marker genes, such as c-Fos, TRAP, Cathepsin-K and NFATc1, induced by RANKL, and transcriptional activity of NFATc1 was also inhibited by stimulation of A2BAR. A2BAR stimulation caused a notable reduction in the expression of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP related to cell-cell fusion of osteoclasts. Especially, a decrease in bone resorption activity through suppression of actin ring formation by A2BAR stimulation was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that A2BAR stimulation inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB by RANKL, which suppresses the induction of osteoclast marker genes, thus contributing to the decrease in osteoclast cell-cell fusion and bone resorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
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Park JH, Lee NK, Lee SY. Current Understanding of RANK Signaling in Osteoclast Differentiation and Maturation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:706-713. [PMID: 29047262 PMCID: PMC5682248 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) for their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation. The binding of RANKL to its receptor RANK triggers osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. This process depends on RANKL-RANK signaling, which is temporally regulated by various adaptor proteins and kinases. Here we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate RANK signaling during osteoclastogenesis. In the early stage, RANK signaling is mediated by recruiting adaptor molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Activated NF-κB induces the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is the key osteoclastogenesis regulator. In the intermediate stage of signaling, the co-stimulatory signal induces Ca2+ oscillation via activated phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) together with c-Fos/AP-1, wherein Ca2+ signaling facilitates the robust production of NFATc1. In the late stage of osteoclastogenesis, NFATc1 translocates into the nucleus where it induces numerous osteoclast-specific target genes that are responsible for cell fusion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
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Reciprocal regulation of TLR2-mediated IFN-β production by SHP2 and Gsk3β. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6807. [PMID: 28754897 PMCID: PMC5533723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the innate immune response to bacterial lipopeptides and peptidoglycans by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms by which TLR2 signaling regulates type I interferon (IFN)-β production are poorly understood. Here, we identified Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) as a negative regulator of TLR2-induced IFN-β production. Pharmacological inhibition or reduced expression of SHP2 potentiated TLR2 agonist-mediated IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation, whereas overexpression of SHP2 impaired IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation. SHP2 physically associated with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β) in an agonist-dependent manner. Gsk3β positively regulates transcription of IFN-β following TLR2 stimulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SHP2. SHP2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of IRF-1 and IRF-8 at the IFN-β promoter. Remarkably, IRF-1 and IRF-8 are recruited to the IFN-β promoter in a SHP2 phosphatase activity-dependent manner. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which SHP2 and Gsk3β work together to modulate TLR2-mediated IFN-β production in macrophages.
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Titanium particle-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are mediated by the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2878. [PMID: 28617442 PMCID: PMC5520930 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Wear debris-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are critical in the initiation of peri-prosthetic osteolysis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway, which is important for bone formation in this pathological condition. We established a titanium (Ti) particle-stressed murine MC3T3-E1 cell culture system and calvariae osteolysis model to test the hypothesis that Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are mediated by the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway. Our findings showed that Ti particles reduced osteogenic differentiation induced by osteogenesis-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, as well as pSer9-GSK-3β expression and β-catenin signal activity. Downregulation of GSK-3β activity attenuated Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition, whereas the β-catenin inhibitor reversed this protective effect. Moreover, the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway mediated the upregulation of RANKL and downregulation of OPG in Ti particle-stressed MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, our in vivo results showed that Ti particles induced bone loss via regulating GSK-3β and β-catenin signals. Based on these results, we concluded that the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway mediates the adverse effects of Ti particles on osteoblast differentiation and bone destruction, and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of peri-prosthetic osteolysis.
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Low SA, Galliford CV, Jones-Hall YL, Roy J, Yang J, Low PS, Kopeček J. Healing efficacy of fracture-targeted GSK3β inhibitor-loaded micelles for improved fracture repair. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:185-193. [PMID: 28093944 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the fracture healing capabilities of a GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, coupled with an aspartic acid octapeptide in a micellar delivery system. Materials & methods: The efficacy of the intravenously administered micelles to accelerate healing of femoral fracture in mice was evaluated. Micro-computed tomography analysis was employed to obtain bone density, total volume, relative volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing.Results: Both fracture bone mineral density and volume were significantly higher in the micelle treatment groups when compared with controls. The fracture-targeted micelle demonstrates fracture-specific bone anabolism and biocompatibility in off-target tissues. Conclusion: Accelerated fracture healing in mice was achieved by targeting the GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, to the fracture site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris V Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yava L Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Cong F, Wu N, Tian X, Fan J, Liu J, Song T, Fu H. MicroRNA-34c promotes osteoclast differentiation through targeting LGR4. Gene 2017; 610:1-8. [PMID: 28130056 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of osteoclast differentiation in recent years. Of these, miR-34c has been reported to play an important role in bone development. However, its role and the underlying mechanism in osteoclast differentiation remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the precise role and molecular mechanism of miR-34c in osteoclast differentiation. We found an obvious increase in miR-34c expression during osteoclast differentiation in osteoclast precursors induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. Further experiments showed that overexpression of miR-34c significantly promoted osteoclast differentiation while suppression of miR-34c showed the opposite effect. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-34c targets the 3'-untranslated region of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4). The expression of LGR4 was regulated by miR-34c in osteoclasts. Moreover, miR-34c regulated NF-κB and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β signaling during osteoclast differentiation. Overexpression of LGR4 partially reversed the promoting effect of miR-34c overexpression on osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our study suggests that miR-34c contributes to osteoclast differentiation by targeting LGR4, providing novel insights into understanding the molecular mechanism underlying osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Xiaoning Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Jinzhu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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Tang XL, Wang CN, Zhu XY, Ni X. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 modulates osteoblast differentiation through direct association with and dephosphorylation of GSK3β. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:203-212. [PMID: 27614023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SHP-1, the Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 1, is a cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) predominantly expressed in hematopoietic-derived cells. Previous studies have focused on the involvement of SHP-1 in osteoclastogenesis. Using primary cultured mouse fetal calvaria-derived osteoblasts as a model, this study aims to investigate the effects of SHP-1 on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts and elucidate the signaling pathways responsible for these effects. We found that osteoblasts treated by osteogenic media showed significant increase in SHP-1 expression, which contributed to osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization. Using immunoprecipitation assay, we found that a direct association between SHP-1 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β could be detected in differentiated osteoblasts and was significantly inhibited by SHP-1 inhibitor NSC87877. Inhibition of SHP-1 activated GSK3β, thereby leading to suppression of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, which could be rescued by the inhibitor of GSK3β. In addition, we found that rosiglitazone (RSG) treatment led to significant decrease in SHP-1 expression. Overexpression of SHP-1 reversed RSG-induced GSK3β activation, thus rescuing the inhibitory effect of RSG on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. These findings suggest that protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 may act as a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation through direct association with and dephosphorylation of GSK3β. Downregulation of SHP-1 may contribute to RSG-induced inhibition of mouse calvaria osteoblast differentiation by activating GSK3β-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Tang
- Department of Physiology and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chang-Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Park D, Park CW, Choi Y, Lin J, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SY, Kang IC. A novel small-molecule PPI inhibitor targeting integrin αvβ3-osteopontin interface blocks bone resorption in vitro and prevents bone loss in mice. Biomaterials 2016; 98:131-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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Haxaire C, Haÿ E, Geoffroy V. Runx2 Controls Bone Resorption through the Down-Regulation of the Wnt Pathway in Osteoblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1598-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Weivoda MM, Ruan M, Hachfeld CM, Pederson L, Howe A, Davey RA, Zajac JD, Kobayashi Y, Williams BO, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S, Oursler MJ. Wnt Signaling Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Activating Canonical and Noncanonical cAMP/PKA Pathways. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:65-75. [PMID: 26189772 PMCID: PMC4758681 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive characterization of the Wnt signaling pathway in the osteoblast lineage, the effects of Wnt proteins on the osteoclast lineage are less well studied. We found that osteoclast lineage cells express canonical Wnt receptors. Wnt3a reduced osteoclast formation when applied to early bone-marrow macrophage (BMM) osteoclast differentiation cultures, whereas late addition did not suppress osteoclast formation. Early Wnt3a treatment inactivated the crucial transcription factor NFATc1 in osteoclast progenitors. Wnt3a led to the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin, confirming activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Reducing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (Lrp) 5 and Lrp6 protein expression prevented Wnt3a-induced inactivation of NFATc1; however, deletion of β-catenin did not block Wnt3a inactivation of NFATc1, suggesting that this effect was mediated by a noncanonical pathway. Wnt3a rapidly activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and pharmacological stimulation of cAMP/PKA signaling suppressed osteoclast differentiation; Wnt3a-induced NFATc1 phosphorylation was blocked by inhibiting interactions between PKA and A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). These data indicate that Wnt3a directly suppresses osteoclast differentiation through both canonical (β-catenin) and noncanonical (cAMP/PKA) pathways in osteoclast precursors. In vivo reduction of Lrp5 and Lrp6 expressions in the early osteoclast lineage via Rank promoter Cre recombination reduced trabecular bone mass, whereas disruption of Lrp5/6 expression in late osteoclast precursors via cathepsin K (Ctsk) promoter Cre recombination did not alter the skeletal phenotype. Surprisingly, reduction of Lrp5/6 in the early osteoclast lineage decreased osteoclast numbers, as well as osteoblast numbers. Published studies have previously noted that β-catenin signaling is required for osteoclast progenitor proliferation. Our in vivo data suggest that Rank promoter Cre-mediated deletion of Lrp5/6 may similarly impair osteoclast progenitor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Weivoda
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Ruan
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christine M Hachfeld
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry Pederson
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Sundeep Khosla
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Endocrine Research Unit and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Akiba Y, Mizuta A, Kakihara Y, Nakata J, Nihara J, Saito I, Egusa H, Saeki M. The inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β enhance osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:253-258. [PMID: 28955831 PMCID: PMC5600418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with bone resorption activity that is crucial for bone remodeling. RANK‐RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) signaling has been shown as a main signal pathway for osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism and the factors regulating osteoclastogenesis remain to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a chemical genetic screen, and identified a Cdks/GSK-3β (cyclin-dependent kinases/glycogen synthase kinase 3β) inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdks inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, all of which significantly enhance osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells by upregulating NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1) levels. We also determined that the all three compounds increase the number of osteoclast differentiated from murine bone marrow cells. Furthermore, the three inhibitors, especially kenpaullone, promoted maturation of cathepsin K, suggesting that the resorption activity of the resultant osteoclasts is also activated. Our findings indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β and/or Cdks enhance osteoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL signaling pathway. We performed a chemical genetic screen to identify drugs which modulate osteoclastogenesis. The screening determined a Cdk/GSK-3β inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdk inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, as activators of osteoclastogenesis. The kenpaullone, olomoucine, and roscovitine induce an enhanced osteoclastogenesis by upregulating NFATc1 and mature cathepsin K levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizuta
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Juri Nakata
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Cytoplasmic hnRNPK interacts with GSK3β and is essential for the osteoclast differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17732. [PMID: 26638989 PMCID: PMC4671015 DOI: 10.1038/srep17732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is a complex and finely regulated physiological process that involves a variety of signaling pathways and factors. Recent studies suggested that the Ser9 phosphorylation of Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is required for the osteoclast differentiation. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have previously identified the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) as a putative GSK3β interactor. In the present study, we demonstrate that, during the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, the PI3K/Akt-mediated Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β provokes the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of hnRNPK in an ERK-dependent manner, enhancing the cytoplasmic co-localization and interaction of GSK3β and hnRNPK. We show that hnRNPK is essential for the osteoclast differentiation, and is involved in several reported functions of GSK3β, including the activation of NF-κB, the expression of NFATc1, and the acetylation of tubulin, all known to be critical for osteoclast differentiation and functions. We find that hnRNPK is localized in the actin belt, and is important for the mature osteoclast formation. Taken together, we demonstrate here the critical role of hnRNPK in osteoclast differentiation, and depict a model in which the cytoplasmic hnRNPK interacts with GSK3β and regulates its function.
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Ahmadzadeh A, Norozi F, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone marrow niche. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:321-35. [PMID: 26475718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a specific physiological environment for hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several signaling pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin) regulate various aspects of stem cell growth, function and death in the BM niche. In addition, the canonical Wnt pathway is crucial for directing self-renewal and differentiation as important mechanisms in many types of stem cells. We review the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the BM niche and its importance in stem cells. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1997-2014) of English-language literature by using the following keywords: BM niche, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, osteoblast, osteoclast and bone disease. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the stability of the β-catenin proto-oncogene. The stabilized β-catenin then translocates to the nucleus, forming a β-catenin-TCF/LEF complex regulating the transcription of specific target genes. Stem cells require β-catenin to mediate their response to Wnt signaling for maintenance and transition from the pluripotent state during embryogenesis. In adult stem cells, Wnt signaling functions at various hierarchical levels to contribute to the specification of the diverse tissues. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream transcriptional regulators are observed in several malignant stem cells and human cancers. Because Wnt signaling can maintain stem cells and cancer cells, the ability to modulate the Wnt pathway either positively or negatively may be of therapeutic relevance. The controlled activation of Wnt signaling might allow us to enhance stem and progenitor cell activity when regeneration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norozi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Oh JH, Lee JY, Joung SH, Oh YT, Kim HS, Lee NK. Insulin enhances RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via ERK1/2 activation and induction of NFATc1 and Atp6v0d2. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2325-31. [PMID: 26343857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is one of the main factors affecting bone and energy metabolism, however, the direct effect of insulin on osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. Thus, in order to help elucidate that puzzle, the authors investigated the roles and regulatory mechanisms of insulin on osteoclasts differentiation. Co-stimulation with insulin and RANKL significantly enhanced the number of larger (>100 μm) osteoclastic cells and of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells compared with treatment by RANKL alone. Conversely, the insulin receptor shRNA markedly decreased osteoclast differentiation induced by insulin and RANKL. Insulin treatment significantly activated ERK1/2 MAP kinase as well as markedly induced the expression of NFATc1, an osteoclast marker gene, and Atp6v0d2, an osteoclast fusion-related gene. The pretreatment of PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, or insulin receptor shRNA effectively suppressed osteoclast differentiation and, in addition, blocked the expression of NFATc1 and Atp6vod2 induced by insulin stimulation. These data reveal insights into the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and fusion through ERK1/2 activation and the induction of NFATc1 and Atp6v0d2 by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Joung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Taek Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 331-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea.
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Lin J, Lee D, Choi Y, Lee SY. The scaffold protein RACK1 mediates the RANKL-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra54. [PMID: 26038599 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6] and the associated kinase TAK1 [transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1] are key components of the signaling pathways that activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in response to various stimuli. The cytokine RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) is essential for the differentiation of bone marrow cells into bone-resorbing osteoclasts through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK. We found that the scaffold protein RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) selectively mediated the RANKL-dependent activation of p38 MAPK through the TRAF6-TAK1 axis by interacting with the MAPK kinase MKK6 (MAPK kinase kinase 6), which is upstream of p38 MAPK. RACK1 was necessary for the differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoclasts through the stimulation of p38 MAPK activation. Osteoclast precursors exposed to RANKL exhibited an interaction among RACK1, RANK, TRAF6, TAK1, and the kinase MKK6, thereby leading to the activation of the MKK6-p38 MAPK pathway. Experiments in which RACK1 or TAK1 was knocked down in osteoclast precursors indicated that RACK1 acted as a bridge, bringing MKK6 to the TRAF6-TAK1 complex. Furthermore, local administration of RACK1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) into mice calvariae reduced the RANKL-induced bone loss by reducing the numbers of osteoclasts. These findings suggest that RACK1 specifies the RANKL-stimulated activation of p38 MAPK by facilitating the association of MKK6 with TAK1 and may provide a molecular target for a new therapeutic strategy to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea. Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea. Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
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Abdelmagid SM, Sondag GR, Moussa FM, Belcher JY, Yu B, Stinnett H, Novak K, Mbimba T, Khol M, Hankenson KD, Malcuit C, Safadi FF. Mutation in Osteoactivin Promotes Receptor Activator of NFκB Ligand (RANKL)-mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Survival but Inhibits Osteoclast Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20128-46. [PMID: 25837253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on the importance of osteoactivin (OA/Gpnmb) in osteogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of OA in osteoclastogenesis, using mice with a nonsense mutation in the Gpnmb gene (D2J) and wild-type controls (D2J/Gpnmb(+)). In these D2J mice, micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses revealed increased cortical thickness, whereas total porosity and eroded surface were significantly reduced in D2J mice compared with wild-type controls, and these results were corroborated by lower serum levels of CTX-1. Contrary to these observations and counterintuitively, temporal gene expression analyses supported up-regulated osteoclastogenesis in D2J mice and increased osteoclast differentiation rates ex vivo, marked by increased number and size. The finding that MAPK was activated in early differentiating and mature D2J osteoclasts and that survival of D2J osteoclasts was enhanced and mediated by activation of the AKT-GSK3β pathway supports this observation. Furthermore, this was abrogated by the addition of recombinant OA to cultures, which restored osteoclastogenesis to wild-type levels. Moreover, mix and match co-cultures demonstrated an induction of osteoclastogenesis in D2J osteoblasts co-cultured with osteoclasts of D2J or wild-type. Last, in functional osteo-assays, we show that bone resorption activity of D2J osteoclasts is dramatically reduced, and these osteoclasts present an abnormal ruffled border over the bone surface. Collectively, these data support a model whereby OA/Gpnmb acts as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation and survival but not function by inhibiting the ERK/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Abdelmagid
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Gregory R Sondag
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Fouad M Moussa
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Joyce Y Belcher
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, and
| | - Bing Yu
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Hilary Stinnett
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Kimberly Novak
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Thomas Mbimba
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Matthew Khol
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- the Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christopher Malcuit
- the School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
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