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Blum JE, Kong R, Schulman E, Chen FM, Upadhyay R, Romero-Meza G, Littman DR, Fischbach MA, Nagashima K, Sattely ES. Discovery and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.593976. [PMID: 38853977 PMCID: PMC11160622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.593976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Food antigens elicit immune tolerance through the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. Although antigens that trigger common food allergies are known, the epitopes that mediate tolerance to most foods have not been described. Here, we identified murine T cell receptors specific for maize, wheat, and soy, and used expression cloning to de-orphan their cognate epitopes. All of the epitopes derive from seed storage proteins that are resistant to degradation and abundant in the edible portion of the plant. Multiple unrelated T cell clones were specific for an epitope at the C-terminus of 19 kDa alpha-zein, a protein from maize kernel. An MHC tetramer loaded with this antigen revealed that zein-specific T cells are predominantly Tregs localized to the intestine. These cells, which develop concurrently with weaning, constitute up to 2% of the peripheral Treg pool. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these cells express higher levels of immunosuppressive markers and chemokines compared to other Tregs. These data suggest that immune tolerance to plant-derived foods is focused on a specific class of antigens with common features, and they reveal the functional properties of naturally occurring food-specific Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Blum
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Ryan Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - E.A. Schulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Francis M. Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rabi Upadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health; New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Gabriela Romero-Meza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R. Littman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael A. Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hasan N, Yang N, Xie Y, Tang C. Identification and characterization of the Bicupin domain family and functional analysis of GhBCD11 in response to verticillium wilt in cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111875. [PMID: 37769874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Bicupin domain protein (BCD) family, an important component of Cupin domain superfamily, plays important roles in oxalic acid (OA) degradation and stress responses in high plants. However, no studies have been reported on the Cupin domain family in cotton up till now. In our study, a total 110 proteins including Cupin domain were identified from the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Among them, 17 proteins contained Bicupin domain. Subsequently, we found that V. dahliae produces OA leading to cotton leaf wilting. RT-qPCR analysis of GhBCDs revealed that OA and V. dahliae Vd080 significantly enhanced the expression of GhBCD11. The Virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression analysis showed that GhBCD11 positively regulates plant resistance to V. dahliae. Subcellular localization showed GhBCD11 located on the plasma membrane. The analysis of expression pattern showed that GhBCD11 can be induced via hormone-mediated signal pathway including salicylic acid (SA), ethephon (ET), methyl jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, we identified an interaction between 60 S ribosomal protein GhRPL12-3 and GhBCD11 by yeast double hybridization. Overall, this is the first study, where we identified Cupin domain family in cotton, clarified the role of GhBCD11 in cotton for resistance to V. dahliae and found an interaction between GhRPL12-3 and GhBCD11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nadeem Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Che H, Li C, Jin T. Food Allergens of Plant Origin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112232. [PMID: 37297475 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an update on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food allergens in plant sources, focusing on the few protein families that contribute to multiple food allergens from different species and protein families recently found to contain food allergens. The structures and structural components of the food allergens in the allergen families may provide further directions for discovering new food allergens. Answers as to what makes some food proteins allergens are still elusive. Factors to be considered in mitigating food allergens include the abundance of the protein in a food, the property of short stretches of the sequence of the protein that may constitute linear IgE binding epitopes, the structural properties of the protein, its stability to heat and digestion, the food matrix the protein is in, and the antimicrobial activity to the microbial flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, recent data suggest that widely used techniques for mapping linear IgE binding epitopes need to be improved by incorporating positive controls, and methodologies for mapping conformational IgE binding epitopes need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Huilian Che
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Caiming Li
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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4
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Yang X, Bai H, Yin L, Wang J, Xue W, Jia X. Evaluation of allergenic protein profiles in three Chinese high-oleic acid peanut cultivars using NanoLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hsu FC, Lin WT, Hsieh KC, Cheng KC, Wu JSB, Ting Y. Mitigating the allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1 by cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3017-3027. [PMID: 36646652 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is recognized as a major food allergy that triggers severe and even fatal symptoms. Avoidance of peanuts in the diet is the main option for current safety management. Processing techniques reducing peanut allergenicity are required to develop other options. Cold plasma is currently considered as a novel non-thermal approach to alter protein structure and has the potential to alleviate immunoreactivity of protein allergen. RESULTS The application of a cold argon plasma jet to peanut protein extract could reduce the amount of a 64 kDa protein band corresponding to a major peanut allergen Ara h 1 using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but the overall protein size distribution did not change significantly. A decrease in peanut protein solubility was a possible cause that led to the loss of protein content in the soluble fraction. Immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay elucidated that the immunoreactivity of Ara h 1 was significantly decreased with the time treated with plasma. Ara h 1 antigenicity reduced by 38% after five scans (approximately 3 min) of cold argon plasma jet treatment, and the reduction was up to 66% after approximately 15 min of treatment. CONCLUSION The results indicate that cold argon plasma jet treatment could be a suitable platform for alleviating the immunoreactivity of peanut protein. This work demonstrates an efficient, compact, and rapid platform for mitigating the allergenicity of peanuts, and shows great potential for the plasma platform as a non-thermal technique in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chiun Hsu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuwen Ting
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Zhang Y, Bhardwaj SR, Lyu SC, Chinthrajah S, Nadeau KC, Li C. Expression, purification, characterization, and patient IgE reactivity of new macadamia nut iso-allergen. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 203:106211. [PMID: 36462715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional information about food allergens is essential for understanding the allergenicity of food proteins. All allergens belong to a small number of protein families. Various allergens from different families have been successfully produced recombinantly in E. coli for their characterization and applications in allergy diagnosis and treatment. However, recombinant hexameric 11S seed storage protein has not been reported, although numerous 11S legumins are known to be food allergens, including the recently identified macadamia nut allergen Mac i 2. Here we report the production of a macadamia nut legumin by expressing it in E. coli with a substrate site of HRV 3C protease and cleaving the purified protein with HRV 3C protease. The protease divided the protein into two chains and left a native terminus for the C-terminal chain, resulting in a recombinant hexameric 11S allergen for the first time after the residues upstream to the cleavage site flipped out of the way of the trimer-trimer interaction. The 11S allergens are known to have multiple isoforms in many species. The present study removed an obstacle in obtaining homogeneous allergens needed for studying allergens and mitigating allergenicity. Immunoreactivity of the protein with serum IgE confirmed it to be a new isoform of Mac i 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Shilpa R Bhardwaj
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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7
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Pea and lentil 7S globulin crystal structures with comparative immunoglobulin epitope mapping. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 5:100146. [PMID: 36573105 PMCID: PMC9789324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Legumes represent an affordable high protein, nutrient dense food source. However, the vast majority of legume crops contain proteins that are known allergens for susceptible individuals. These include proteins from the 7S globulin family, which comprise a vast majority of seed storage proteins. Here, the crystal structures of 7S globulins from Pisum sativum L. (pea) and Lens culinaris Medicus (lentil) are presented for the first time, including pea vicillin and convicilin, and lentil vicilin. All three structures maintain the expected 7S globulin fold, with trimeric quaternary structure and monomers comprised of β-barrel N- and C-modules. The potential impact of sequence differences on structure and packing in the different crystal space groups is noted, with potential relevance to packing upon seed deposition. Mapping on the obtained crystal structures highlights significant Ig epitope overlap between pea, lentil, peanut and soya bean and significant coverage of the entire seed storage protein, emphasizing the challenge in addressing food allergies. How recently developed biologicals might be refined to be more effective, or how these seed storage proteins might be modified in planta to be less immuno-reactive remain challenges for the future. With legumes representing an affordable, high protein, nutrient dense food source, this work will enable important research in the context of global food security and human health on an ongoing basis.
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8
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Curulli A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensing Strategies for Food Allergen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070503. [PMID: 35884306 PMCID: PMC9313194 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy has been indicated as the most frequent adverse reaction to food ingredients over the past few years. Since the only way to avoid the occurrence of allergic phenomena is to eliminate allergenic foods, it is essential to have complete and accurate information on the components of foodstuff. In this framework, it is mandatory and crucial to provide fast, cost-effective, affordable, and reliable analysis methods for the screening of specific allergen content in food products. This review reports the research advancements concerning food allergen detection, involving electrochemical biosensors. It focuses on the sensing strategies evidencing different types of recognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells, among others, the nanomaterial role, the several electrochemical techniques involved and last, but not least, the ad hoc electrodic surface modification approaches. Moreover, a selection of the most recent electrochemical sensors for allergen detection are reported and critically analyzed in terms of the sensors’ analytical performances. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for allergens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Sensitive and selective detection of peanut allergen Ara h 1 by ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay. Food Chem 2022; 396:133657. [PMID: 35843000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ara h1 protein is a peanut allergen and it provides a useful biomarker for the detection of peanut protein. In this manuscript, we describe the generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Ara h1 protein and their development into sensitive and selective immunoassays for peanut detection. Our enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) detects a peanut meal standard with a sensitivity of 10 ng/mL and 500 ng/mL by lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). MAb Ara h1 binding epitopes were identified, and immunoassay detection was limited to peanut meal varieties irrespective of thermal treatment. No binding was observed from tree nut meals (100-0.4 µg/mL). Peanut allergen detection during food manufacturing can limit the incidence of product recall resulting from cross-contact contamination or improper labeling of finished food products. Detection of Ara h1 by immunoassay can provide a cost-effective method for rapid surveillance of peanut during food production and prior to consumption.
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Hazebrouck S, Canon N, Dreskin SC. The Effector Function of Allergens. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:818732. [PMID: 35386644 PMCID: PMC8974742 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.818732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergens are antigens that generate an IgE response (sensitization) in susceptible individuals. The allergenicity of an allergen can be thought of in terms of its ability to sensitize as well as its ability to cross-link IgE/IgE receptor complexes on mast cells and basophils leading to release of preformed and newly formed mediators (effector activity). The identity of the allergens responsible for sensitization may be different from those that elicit an allergic response. Effector activity is determined by (1) the amount of specific IgE (sIgE) and in some circumstances the ratio of sIgE to total IgE, (2) the number of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεR1) on the cell surface, (3) the affinity of binding of sIgE for its epitope and, in a polyclonal response, the collective avidity, (4) the number and spatial relationships of IgE binding epitopes on the allergen and (5) the presence of IgG that can bind to allergen and either block binding of sIgE and/or activate low affinity IgG receptors that activate intracellular inhibitory pathways. This review will discuss these important immunologic and physical properties that contribute to the effector activity of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hazebrouck
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Canon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen C. Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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11
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Stidham S, Villareal V, Chellappa V, Yoder L, Alley O, Shreffler W, Spergel J, Fleischer D, Sampson H, Gilboa-Geffen A. Aptamer based point of care diagnostic for the detection of food allergens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1303. [PMID: 35079047 PMCID: PMC8789827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers, due to their small size, strong target affinity, and ease of chemical modification, are ideally suited for molecular detection technologies. Here, we describe successful use of aptamer technology in a consumer device for the detection of peanut antigen in food. The novel aptamer-based protein detection method is robust across a wide variety of food matrices and sensitive to peanut protein at concentrations as low as 12.5 ppm (37.5 µg peanut protein in the sample). Integration of the assay into a sensitive, stable, and consumer friendly portable device will empower users to easily and quickly assess the presence of peanut allergens in foods before eating. With many food reactions occurring outside the home, the type of technology described here has significant potential to improve lives for children and families.
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12
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Blum LA, Ahrens B, Klimek L, Beyer K, Gerstlauer M, Hamelmann E, Lange L, Nemat K, Vogelberg C, Blümchen K. White Paper Erdnussallergie - Teil 2: Diagnostik der Erdnussallergie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der molekularen Komponentendiagnostik. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-021-4931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Yin HY, Li YT, Tsai WC, Dai HY, Wen HW. An immunochromatographic assay utilizing magnetic nanoparticles to detect major peanut allergen Ara h 1 in processed foods. Food Chem 2021; 375:131844. [PMID: 34952385 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study describes an immunomagnetic nanoparticle (IMNP)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) for detecting the major peanut allergen Ara h 1. We developed a clearly specific method in identifying peanut from ten other seeds and nuts, and a good visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.01 μg/mL Ara h 1 in PBS. PBS that contains 1 M NaCl and 2% Tween 20 was determined to be the optimal extraction buffer for isolating Ara h 1 from cookie, milk and chocolate with vLOD values of 0.5 μg/g, 0.5 μg/mL, and 1 μg/g, respectively. Forty two processed foods were simultaneously analyzed using this method and an AOAC-approved ELISA kit. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were thus determined to be 100 and 95%, respectively. This new IMNP-based LFA has potential as a rapid tool for screening processed foods for Ara h 1 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Yin
- Food and Animal Product Safety Inspection Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Li
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yu Dai
- Crop Science Division and Guansi Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wen
- Food and Animal Product Safety Inspection Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C; Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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14
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Villemet L, Cuchet A, Desvignes C, Sänger-van de Griend CE. Protein mapping of peanut extract with capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:1027-1034. [PMID: 33970506 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein separation can be achieved with different modes of capillary electrophoresis, such as with capillary gel electroporesis (CGE) or with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). CZE protein mapping of peanut extract was approached in four different ways, combining neutral-coated or multilayer-coated capillaries with pHs well over or under the isoelectric point range of the proteins of interest. At acidic pHs, the mobility ranges of the major peanut allergens Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, and Ara h6 were identified. Although the pH is a major factor in CZE separation, buffers with different compositions but with the same pH and ionic strength showed significantly different resolutions. Different components of the electrolyte were studied in a multifactorial design of experiment. CE-SDS and CZE proved to be suitable for protein mapping and we were able to distinguish different batches of peanut extract and burned peanut extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cari E Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Ranking of 10 legumes according to the prevalence of sensitization as a parameter to characterize allergenic proteins. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:767-773. [PMID: 33854954 PMCID: PMC8027524 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
10 different legumes extracts could be ranked based on the variations in the prevalence of sensitization. Variations in the prevalence of sensitization allowed for ranking of 18 different individual legume proteins. Ranking can be used to select reference proteins to develop predictive assays for the assessment of the sensitizing potential of novel proteins.
Predicting the allergenicity of novel proteins is challenging due to the absence of validated predictive methods and a well-defined reference set of proteins. The prevalence of sensitization could be a parameter to select reference proteins to characterize allergenic proteins. This study investigated whether the prevalence of sensitization of legume extracts and proteins can indeed be used for this purpose. A random sample of suspected food-allergic patients (n=106) was therefore selected. 10 extracts (processed and non-processed) and 18 individual proteins (2S albumins, 7S and 11S globulins) from black lentil, blue and white lupine, chickpea, faba bean, green lentil, pea, peanut, soybean, and white bean were isolated and the prevalence of sensitization and the intensity of IgE binding were evaluated. The prevalence of sensitization ranged from 5.7 % (faba bean and green lentil) to 14.2 % (peanut). The prevalence of sensitization for individual legume proteins ranged from 0.0 % for albumin 1 (pea) to 15.1 %–17.9 % for Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6 (peanut). The prevalence of sensitization correlated strongly with the intensity of IgE binding for individual proteins (p < 0.05, ρ = 0.894), for extracts no correlation was found. The discovered ranking can be used to select reference proteins for the development and validation of predictive in vitro or in vivo assays for the assessment of the sensitizing potential.
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Midun E, Radulovic S, Brough H, Caubet JC. Recent advances in the management of nut allergy. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100491. [PMID: 33510829 PMCID: PMC7811165 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut/tree nut allergy is common and has been associated with particularly severe reactions. Epidemiological data have shown that the prevalence ranges between 0.05% and 4.9% for tree nut and between 0.5% and 3% for peanut. These large variations can be explained by differences in the age of included patients and the geographical region. In addition, the food consumption modality (ie, raw versus roasted) plays a major role, as heat treatment has the capacity to modify the allergenicity of nuts and legumes. Nut allergies tend to persist into adulthood and consequently have a high impact on quality of life. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a significant proportion of nut allergic patients are able to tolerate other nuts. As opposed to the avoidance of all nuts, this approach is currently proposed in several tertiary allergy centers. However, diagnosis of nut allergy is particularly difficult due to co-sensitization leading to high rate of false positive skin prick tests and/or specific IgE to whole allergen extracts. The use of component resolved diagnosis leads to major improvement of diagnosis, particularly to distinguish between primary and secondary nut allergies. The basophil activation test has been suggested to be useful but is still used mainly as a research tool. Thus, diagnosis remains mainly based on the oral food challenge, which is considered as the gold standard. Regarding treatment, avoidance remains the cornerstone of management of nut allergy. Oral immunotherapy is increasingly proposed as an alternative management strategy.
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Key Words
- Component-resolved diagnostic, CRD
- Cross reactivity
- Double-blind, placebo-controlled, food challenge, DBPCFC
- Food allergy
- Lipid transfer protein, LTP
- Oral allergy syndrome, OAS
- Oral food challenge, OFC
- Oral immunotherapy
- Oral induction tolerance, OIT
- Pathogenesis related protein type 10, PR-10
- Peanut
- Platelet-activating factor, PAF
- Pollen-food syndrome, PFS
- Precautionary Allergen Labels, (PAL)
- Skin prick test, SPT
- Tree nut
- Tree nut, TN
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Midun
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, University Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, 43 Boulevard Du 11-Novembre-1918, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Dept of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brough
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Dept of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Saha B, Karmakar B, Bhattacharya SG. Cloning, expression and immunological characterisation of Coc n 1, the first major allergen from Coconut pollen. Mol Immunol 2021; 131:33-43. [PMID: 33486354 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coconut pollen has been documented to be a major contributor to the aeroallergen load in India, causing respiratory allergy in a large cohort of susceptible individuals. Here, we report the identification of the first major allergen from Coconut pollen, Coc n 1. The full-length sequence of the allergen was determined from previously identified peptides and overexpressed in E. coli. Recombinant Coc n 1 folded into a trimer and was found to possess allergenicity equivalent to its natural counterpart. Proteolytic processing of Coc n 1 led to the formation of an immunodominant ∼20 kDa C-terminal subunit and the site of cleavage was determined by amino acid microsequencing. Five linear IgE binding epitopes were predicted and mapped on the homology modelled structure of Coc n 1. Amongst three immunodominant epitopes, two were present towards the C-terminal end. Coc n 1 was found to belong to the highly diverse cupin superfamily and mimics its structure with known 7S globulin or vicilin allergens but lacks sequence similarity. Using sequence similarity networks, Coc n 1 clustered as a separate group containing unannotated cupin domain proteins and did not include known vicilin allergens except Gly m Bd 28 kDa, a Soybean major allergen. 7S globulins are major storage proteins and food allergens, but presence of such protein in pollen grains is reported for the first time. Further study on Coc n 1 may provide insights into its function in pollen grains and also in the development of immunotherapy to Coconut pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisattwa Saha
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India; Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX4 4TG, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Bijoya Karmakar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swati Gupta Bhattacharya
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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A proteomic analysis of peanut seed at different stages of underground development to understand the changes of seed proteins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243132. [PMID: 33284814 PMCID: PMC7721164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain more valuable insights into the protein dynamics and accumulation of allergens in seeds during underground development, we performed a proteomic study on developing peanut seeds at seven different stages. A total of 264 proteins with altered abundance and contained at least one unique peptide was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). All identified proteins were classified into five functional categories as level 1 and 20 secondary functional categories as level 2. Among them, 88 identified proteins (IPs) were related to carbohydrate/ amino acid/ lipid transport and metabolism, indicating that carbohydrate/amino acid/ lipid metabolism played a key role in the underground development of peanut seeds. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that all IPs could be classified into eight cluster groups according to the abundance profiles, suggesting that the modulatory patterns of these identified proteins were complicated during seed development. The largest group contained 41 IPs, the expression of which decreased at R 2 and reached a maximum at R3 but gradually decreased from R4. A total of 14 IPs were identified as allergen-like proteins by BLAST with A genome (Arachis duranensis) or B genome (Arachis ipaensis) translated allergen sequences. Abundance profile analysis of 14 identified allergens showed that the expression of all allergen proteins was low or undetectable by 2-DE at the early stages (R1 to R4), and began to accumulate from the R5 stage and gradually increased. Network analysis showed that most of the significant proteins were involved in active metabolic pathways in early development. Real time RT-PCR analysis revealed that transcriptional regulation was approximately consistent with expression at the protein level for 8 selected identified proteins. In addition, some amino acid sequences that may be associated with new allergens were also discussed.
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Dezfouli SG, Mothes-Luksch N, Jensen AN, Untersmayr E, Kundi M, Jensen-Jarolim E. Linking cross-reactivity clusters of food and respiratory allergens in PAMD@ to asthma and duration of allergy. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100483. [PMID: 33294115 PMCID: PMC7691607 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component resolved diagnosis, recently redefined as precision allergy medicine diagnosis - PAMD@, may help understanding allergic cross-reactivity patterns among polysensitized patients and their clinical implication. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate similarities among allergens by empirically determining the occurrence of co-sensitization patterns and to relate them to clinical features, in particular to asthma. METHODS A retrospective cohort study in 1057 participants suspected to have allergic sensitization was performed in Vienna. To define cross-reactivity patterns, cluster analysis for 671 patients who showed reaction to at least one of the allergens in ISAC112 was performed and followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to relate clusters and clinical symptoms, in particular current asthma. RESULTS We determined 18 cross-reactivity clusters, comprising of 6 food, 10 respiratory, and 2 other clusters of allergens. Overall, 14% of the cohort patients were positive for 1 cross-reactivity cluster and 23% to 2 or more clusters. Multisensitized patients who were sensitized to PR-10 allergen proteins in addition to Bermuda timothy grass pollen clusters showed the highest association with asthma (odds ratio, 4.22 and 95% CI: 2.32-7.68) and an increase of 10 years of the duration of allergy increased the odds for a combined sensitization to PR-10 cluster and Bermuda-timothy cluster by 1.27 (95% CI: 1.06-1.53). CONCLUSION Similarities among IgE positivity patterns determined by ISAC112 revealed 18 cross-reactivity clusters. This PAMD@ approach allowed prediction of clinical features and revealed that certain cross-reactivity patterns are related to duration of allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Ghandizadeh Dezfouli
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Mothes-Luksch
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- AllergyCare® - Allergy Diagnosis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- AllergyCare® - Allergy Diagnosis, Vienna, Austria
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Santos-Hernández M, Alfieri F, Gallo V, Miralles B, Masi P, Romano A, Ferranti P, Recio I. Compared digestibility of plant protein isolates by using the INFOGEST digestion protocol. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109708. [PMID: 33233282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of ingredients based on plant protein isolates is being promoted due to sustainability and health reasons. However, it is necessary to explore the behaviour of plant protein isolates during gastrointestinal digestion including the profile of released free amino acids and the characterization of resistant domains to gastrointestinal digestion. The aim of the present study was to monitor protein degradation of four legume protein isolates: garden pea, grass pea, soybean and lentil, using the harmonized Infogest in vitro digestion protocol. In vitro digests were characterized regarding protein, peptide and free amino acid content. Soybean was the protein isolate with the highest percentage of insoluble nitrogen at the end of the digestion (12%), being this fraction rich in hydrophobic amino acids. Free amino acids were mainly released during the intestinal digestion, comprising 21-24% of the total nitrogen content, while the percentage of nitrogen corresponding to peptides ranged from 66 to 76%. Legume globulins were resistant to gastric digestion whereas they were hydrolysed into peptides and amino acids during the intestinal phase. However, the molecular weight (MW) distribution demonstrated that all intestinal digests, except those from soybean, contained peptides with MW > 4 kDa at the end of gastrointestinal digestion. The profile of free amino acids released during digestion supports legume protein isolates as an excellent source of essential amino acids to be used in protein-rich food products. Peptides released during digestion matched with previously reported epitopes from the same plant species or others, explaining the ability to induce allergic reactions and cross-linked reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Santos-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Alfieri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Gallo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Masi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Isidra Recio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Crosslinked Recombinant-Ara h 1 Catalyzed by Microbial Transglutaminase: Preparation, Structural Characterization and Allergic Assessment. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101508. [PMID: 33096617 PMCID: PMC7590132 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the one of the major allergens in peanut, the allergenicity of Ara h 1 is influenced by its intrinsic structure, which can be modified by different processing. However, molecular information in this modification has not been clarified to date. Here, we detected the influence of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) catalyzed cross-linking on the recombinant peanut protein Ara h 1 (rAra h 1). Electrophoresis and spectroscopic methods were used to analysis the structural changes. The immunoreactivity alterations were characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and degranulation test. Structural features of cross-linked rAra h 1 varied at different reaction stages. Hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds were the main molecular forces in polymers induced by heating and reducing. In MTG-catalyzed cross-linking, ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide bonds were formed, thus inducing a relatively stable structure in polymers. MTG catalyzed cross-linking could modestly but significantly reduce the immunoreactivity of rAra h 1. Decreased content of conserved secondary structures led to a loss of protection of linear epitopes. Besides, the reduced surface hydrophobic index and increased steric hindrance of rAra h 1 made it more difficult to bind with antibodies, thus hindering the subsequent allergic reaction.
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22
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Santos AF, Barbosa‐Morais NL, Hurlburt BK, Ramaswamy S, Hemmings O, Kwok M, O’Rourke C, Bahnson HT, Cheng H, James L, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Maleki SJ, Lack G. IgE to epitopes of Ara h 2 enhance the diagnostic accuracy of Ara h 2-specific IgE. Allergy 2020; 75:2309-2318. [PMID: 32248566 DOI: 10.1111/all.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the discrepancy between IgE sensitization and allergic reactions to peanut could facilitate diagnosis and lead to novel means of treating peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in IgE and IgG4 binding to peanut peptides between peanut-allergic (PA) and peanut-sensitized but tolerant (PS) children. METHODS PA (n = 56), PS (n = 42) and nonsensitized nonallergic (NA, n = 10) patients were studied. Synthetic overlapping 15-mer peptides of peanut allergens (Ara h 1-11) were spotted onto microarray slides, and patients' samples were tested for IgE and IgG4 binding using immunofluorescence. IgE and IgG4 levels to selected peptides were quantified using ImmunoCAP. Diagnostic model comparisons were performed using likelihood-ratio tests between each specified nominal logistic regression models. RESULTS Seven peptides on Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 were bound more by IgE of PA compared to PS patients on the microarray. IgE binding to one peptide on Ara h 5 and IgG4 binding to one Ara h 9 peptide were greater in PS than in PA patients. Using ImmunoCAP, IgE to the Ara h 2 peptides enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of Ara h 2-specific IgE. Ratios of IgG4/IgE to 4 out of the 7 peptides were higher in PS than in PA subjects. CONCLUSIONS Ara h 2 peptide-specific IgE added diagnostic value to Ara h 2-specific IgE. Ability of peptide-specific IgG4 to surmount their IgE counterpart seems to be important in established peanut tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Santos
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Nuno L. Barbosa‐Morais
- Faculdade de Medicina Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Sneha Ramaswamy
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | | | | | - Hsiaopo Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Louisa James
- Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
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Cruz WT, Bezerra EHS, Ramos MV, Rocha BAM, Medina MC, Demarco D, Carvalho CPS, Oliveira JS, Sousa JS, Souza PFN, Freire VN, da Silva FMS, Freitas CDT. Crystal structure and specific location of a germin-like protein with proteolytic activity from Thevetia peruviana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110590. [PMID: 32771148 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peruvianin-I is a cysteine peptidase (EC 3.4.22) purified from Thevetia peruviana. Previous studies have shown that it is the only germin-like protein (GLP) with proteolytic activity described so far. In this work, the X-ray crystal structure of peruvianin-I was determined to a resolution of 2.15 Å (PDB accession number: 6ORM) and its specific location was evaluated by different assays. Its overall structure shows an arrangement composed of a homohexamer (a trimer of dimers) where each monomer exhibits a typical β-barrel fold and two glycosylation sites (Asn55 and Asn144). Analysis of its active site confirmed the absence of essential amino acids for typical oxalate oxidase activity of GLPs. Details of the active site and molecular docking results, using a specific cysteine peptidase inhibitor (iodoacetamide), were used to discuss a plausible mechanism for proteolytic activity of peruvianin-I. Histological analyses showed that T. peruviana has articulated anastomosing laticifers, i.e., rows of cells which merge to form continuous tubes throughout its green organs. Moreover, peruvianin-I was detected exclusively in the latex. Because latex peptidases have been described as defensive molecules against insects, we hypothesize that peruvianin-I contributes to protect T. peruviana plants against herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace T Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H S Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno A M Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria C Medina
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05.508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05.508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Paiva S Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jeanlex S Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Valder N Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60.440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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He W, Zhang T, Velickovic TC, Li S, Lyu Y, Wang L, Yi J, Liu Z, He Z, Wu X. Covalent conjugation with (-)-epigallo-catechin 3-gallate and chlorogenic acid changes allergenicity and functional properties of Ara h1 from peanut. Food Chem 2020; 331:127355. [PMID: 32593042 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ara h1 is a major allergen from peanut. We investigated the effect of covalent conjugation of Ara h1 and dietary polyphenols on allergenicity and functional properties of Ara h1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the covalent conjugation of dietary polyphenols significantly reduced the IgE binding capacity of Ara h1. Covalent binding of dietary polyphenols with Ara h1 reduced histamine release by 40% in basophils. The decreased IgE binding capacity of Ara h1 could be ascribed to changes in protein conformation. The IgE epitope of Ara h1 might be blocked by polyphenols at the binding site. Analysis of pepsin digestion of Ara h1-polyphenol conjugates indicated that the covalent binding increased pepsin digestibility and reduced IgE binding capacity. Furthermore, covalent conjugation of Ara h1 with polyphenols decreased denaturation temperature and increased antioxidant activity. Ara h1 conjugated with polyphenols may be a promising approach for reducing the allergenicity of Ara h1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi He
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Shuiming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Yansi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Digestion, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Jiang Yi
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Xuli Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China.
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Daems D, Rutten I, Bath J, Decrop D, Van Gorp H, Ruiz EP, De Feyter S, Turberfield AJ, Lammertyn J. Controlling the Bioreceptor Spatial Distribution at the Nanoscale for Single Molecule Counting in Microwell Arrays. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2327-2335. [PMID: 31436077 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect low concentrations of protein biomarkers is crucial for the early-stage detection of many diseases and therefore indispensable for improving diagnostic devices for healthcare. Here, we demonstrate that by integrating DNA nanotechnologies like DNA origami and aptamers, we can design innovative biosensing concepts for reproducible and sensitive detection of specific targets. DNA origami structures decorated with aptamers were studied as a novel tool to structure the biosensor surface with nanoscale precision in a digital detection bioassay, enabling control of the density, orientation, and accessibility of the bioreceptor to optimize the interaction between target and aptamer. DNA origami was used to control the spatial distribution of an in-house-generated aptamer on superparamagnetic microparticles, resulting in an origami-linked digital aptamer bioassay to detect the main peanut antigen Ara h1 with 2-fold improved signal-to-noise ratio and 15-fold improved limit of detection compared to a digital bioassay without DNA origami. Moreover, the sensitivity achieved was 4 orders of magnitude higher than commercially available and literature-reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. In conclusion, this novel and innovative approach to engineer biosensing interfaces will be of major interest to scientists and clinicians looking for new molecular insights and ultrasensitive detection of a broad range of targets, and, for the next generation of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Daems
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iene Rutten
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Bath
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Gorp
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Pérez Ruiz
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Turberfield
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Shah F, Shi A, Ashley J, Kronfel C, Wang Q, Maleki SJ, Adhikari B, Zhang J. Peanut Allergy: Characteristics and Approaches for Mitigation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1361-1387. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Shah
- Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key research Laboratory of Agro‐Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Aimin Shi
- Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key research Laboratory of Agro‐Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jon Ashley
- International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryFood Quality and Safety Research group Berga 4715‐330 Portugal
| | - Christina Kronfel
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality ResearchUnited States Dept. of Agriculture New Orleans LA 70124 USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key research Laboratory of Agro‐Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality ResearchUnited States Dept. of Agriculture New Orleans LA 70124 USA
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of ScienceRMIT Univ. Melbourne VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Jinchuang Zhang
- Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key research Laboratory of Agro‐Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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Tian Y, Rao H, Fu W, Tao S, Xue WT. Effect of digestion on the immunoreactivity and proinflammatory properties of recombinant peanut allergen Ara h 1. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1592123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Tao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tong Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mamone G, Di Stasio L, De Caro S, Picariello G, Nicolai MA, Ferranti P. Comprehensive analysis of the peanut allergome combining 2-DE gel-based and gel-free proteomics. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1059-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Che H, Zhang Y, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, McHugh T. Identification of Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Vicilin As a Food Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:425-432. [PMID: 30512943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Almond is one of the tree nuts listed by U.S. FDA as a food allergen source. A food allergen identified with patient sera has been debated to be the 2S albumin or the 7S vicilin. However, neither of these proteins has been defined as a food allergen. The purpose of this study was to clone, express, and purify almond vicilin and test whether it is a food allergen. Western blot experiment was performed with 18 individual sera from patients with double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical almond allergy. The results showed that 44% of the sera contained IgE antibodies that recognized the recombinant almond vicilin, indicating that it is an almond allergen. Identifying this and additional almond allergens will facilitate the understanding of the allergenicity of seed proteins in tree nuts and their cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District , Beijing 100038 , P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tara McHugh
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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Tomczak A, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Piasecka-Kwiatkowska D, Springer E, Lampart-Szczapa E. Cross-reactions between proteins isolated from new narrow-leafed lupine breeding lines and antibodies present in the sera of patients sensitized to soybeans and peanuts. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Structure-guided identification of function: role of Capsicum annuum vicilin during oxidative stress. Biochem J 2018; 475:3057-3071. [PMID: 30181145 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to cupin superfamily are known to have critical and diverse physiological functions. However, 7S globulins family, which is also a part of cupin superfamily, were undermined as only seed storage proteins. Structure determination of native protein - Vic_CAPAN from Capsicum annuum - was carried out, and its physiological functions were explored after purifying the protein by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography. The crystal structure of vicilin determined at 2.16 Å resolution revealed two monomers per asymmetric unit which are juxtaposed orthogonal with each other. Vic_CAPAN consists predominately of β-sheets that folds to form a β-barrel structure commonly called cupin fold. Each monomer of Vic_CAPAN consists of two cupin fold domains, N-terminal and C-terminal, which accommodate two different ligands. A bound ligand was identified at the C-terminal cupin fold in the site presumably conserved for metabolites in the crystal structure. The ligand was confirmed to be salicylic acid through mass spectrometric analysis. A copper-binding site was further observed near the conserved ligand-binding pocket, suggesting possible superoxide dismutase activity of Vic_CAPAN which was subsequently confirmed biochemically. Vicilins from other sources did not exhibit this activity indicating functional specificity of Vic_CAPAN. Discovery of bound salicylic acid, which is a known regulator of antioxidant pathway, and revelation of superoxide dismutase activity suggest that Vic_CAPAN has an important role during oxidative stress. As salicylic acid changes the redox state of cell, it may act as a downstream signal for various pathways involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress rescue.
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Tian Y, Rao H, Zhang K, Tao S, Xue W. Effects of different thermal processing methods on the structure and allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1706-1714. [PMID: 30258615 PMCID: PMC6145249 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Boiling and frying can alter the structure of peanut allergens and therefore change the IgE-binding capacity of the Ara h 1. In this research, we aim to clarify the connections between structural changes and the allergenicity alteration, and recommend an effective thermal method to minimize the allergenicity of Ara h 1. Anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate Ara h 1 from non/heat-treated peanuts. Ara h 1 in boiled peanuts has a relatively low hydrophobic index, reduced maximum emission wavelength in the fluorescence, less content of α-helix, and the lowest IgE-binding efficiency. On the contrary, Ara h 1 in fried peanuts present a much higher degeneration degree, a red shift in fluorescence, and a decrease in the content of α-helix. These data indicate that boiling can reduce the allergenicity of Ara h 1, thus can be utilized in peanut processing from a security point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agriculture UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huan Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agriculture UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ke Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agriculture UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sha Tao
- College of Information and Electrical EngineeringBeijingChina
| | - Wen‐Tong Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agriculture UniversityBeijingChina
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35
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Nielen MWF. Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5353-5371. [PMID: 29582120 PMCID: PMC6096701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immunochemical food allergen assays and detectors in the context of their user-friendliness, through their connection to smartphones. Smartphone-based analysis is centered around citizen science, putting analysis into the hands of the consumer. Food allergies represent a significant worldwide health concern and consumers should be able to analyze their foods, whenever and wherever they are, for allergen presence. Owing to the need for a scientific background, traditional laboratory-based detection methods are generally unsuitable for the consumer. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, safe, and rapid assays that can be linked with smartphones as detectors to improve user accessibility. Smartphones make excellent detection systems because of their cameras, embedded flash functions, portability, connectivity, and affordability. Therefore, this review has summarized traditional laboratory-based methods for food allergen detection such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance, and the potential to modernize these methods by interfacing them with a smartphone readout system, based on the aforementioned smartphone characteristics. This is the first review focusing on smartphone-based food-allergen detection methods designed with the intention of being consumer-friendly. Graphical abstract A smartphone-based food allergen detection system in three easy steps (1) sample preparation, (2) allergen detection on a smartphone using antibodies, which then transmits the data wirelessly, (3) analytical results sent straight to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Xu Q, Song B, Liu F, Song Y, Chen P, Liu S, Krishnan HB. Identification and Characterization of β-Lathyrin, an Abundant Glycoprotein of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.), as a Potential Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8496-8503. [PMID: 30052442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass pea, a protein-rich, high-yielding, and drought-tolerant legume, is used as food and livestock feed in several tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The abundant seed proteins of grass pea are salt-soluble globulins, which can be separated into vicilins and legumins. In many other legumes, the members of vicilin seed proteins have been identified as major allergens. However, very little information is available on the allergens of grass pea. In this study, we have identified an abundant 47 kDa protein from grass pea, which was recognized by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from sera drawn from several peanut-allergic patients. The IgE-binding 47 kDa protein was partially purified by affinity chromatography on a Con-A sepharose column. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the 47 kDa grass pea protein revealed sequence homology to 47 kDa vicilin from pea and Len c 1 from lentil. Interestingly the grass pea vicilin was found to be susceptible to pepsin digestion in vitro. We have also isolated a cDNA encoding the grass pea 47 kDa vicilin (β-lathyrin), and the deduced amino acid sequence revealed extensive homology to several known allergens, including those from peanut and soybean. A homology model structure of the grass pea β-lathyrin, generated using the X-ray crystal structure of the soybean β-conglycinin β subunit as a template, revealed potential IgE-binding epitopes located on the surface of the molecule. The similarity in the three-dimensional structure and the conservation of the antigenic epitopes on the molecular surface of vicilin allergens explains the IgE-binding cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
- Plant Science Division , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Bo Song
- Plant Science Division , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology at the Chinese Ministry of Education , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Song
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology at the Chinese Ministry of Education , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Science Division , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
- Plant Genetics Research, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
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Abstract
Peanut allergens have the potential to negatively impact on the health and quality of life of millions of consumers worldwide. The seeds of the peanut plant Arachis hypogaea contain an array of allergens that are able to induce the production of specific IgE antibodies in predisposed individuals. A lot of effort has been focused on obtaining the sequences and structures of these allergens due to the high health risk they represent. At present, 16 proteins present in peanuts are officially recognized as allergens. Research has also focused on their in-depth immunological characterization as well as on the design of modified hypoallergenic derivatives for potential use in clinical studies and the formulation of strategies for immunotherapy. Detailed research protocols are available for the purification of natural allergens as well as their recombinant production in bacterial, yeast, insect, and algal cells. Purified allergen molecules are now routinely used in diagnostic multiplex protein arrays for the detection of the presence of allergen-specific IgE. This review gives an overview on the wealth of knowledge that is available on individual peanut allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palladino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Jug r 6 is the allergenic vicilin present in walnut responsible for IgE cross-reactivities to other tree nuts and seeds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11366. [PMID: 30054513 PMCID: PMC6063931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are ranked high in the list of the culprit foods inducing severe allergic reactions. Jug r 2 has been identified as a major allergen in common walnut by cDNA cloning from a somatic cell line. So far, studies were performed on the allergenic activity of recombinant Jug r 2, yet there is still no evidence about the physicochemical characteristics of the natural allergen. Therefore, we aimed to purify and deeply characterize natural Jug r 2 and to assess IgE cross-reactivity among vicilins from different tree nuts. Extensive mass spectrometry analysis of the obtained purified vicilin allowed identification of the protein sequence that displayed only 44% identity to Jug r 2. The newly identified vicilin (Jug r 6) was recognized by IgE of 26% in walnut allergic patients’ sera tested. In contrast to Jug r 2, Jug r 6 displayed a remarkable level of cross-reactivity when tested with homologues from hazelnut, sesame and pistachio. It is the first report showing the necessity of proteomic studies to improve allergy component resolved diagnosis.
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Cabanillas B, Jappe U, Novak N. Allergy to Peanut, Soybean, and Other Legumes: Recent Advances in Allergen Characterization, Stability to Processing and IgE Cross-Reactivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 28944625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut and soybean are members of the Leguminosae family. They are two of the eight foods that account for the most significant food allergies in the United States and Europe. Allergic reactions to other legume species can be of importance in other regions of the world. The major allergens from peanut and soybean have been extensively analyzed and members of new protein families identified as potential marker allergens for symptom severity. Important recent advances concerning their molecular properties or clinical relevance have been made. Therefore, there is increasing interest in the characterization of allergens from other legume species such as lupine, lentil, chickpea, green bean, or pea. As legumes are mainly consumed after thermal processing, knowledge about the effect of such processing on the allergenicity of legumes has increased during the last years. In the present review, recent advances in the identification of allergens from peanut, soybean, lupine, and other legume species are summarized and discussed. An overview of the most recently described effects of thermal processing on the allergenic properties of legumes is provided and the potential IgE cross-reactivity among members of the Leguminosae family is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Dept. of Pneumology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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40
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Filep S, Block DS, Smith BRE, King EM, Commins S, Kulis M, Vickery BP, Chapman MD. Specific allergen profiles of peanut foods and diagnostic or therapeutic allergenic products. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:626-631.e7. [PMID: 28709968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generic immunoassays for peanut cannot discriminate between allergen levels in peanut-derived food products or therapeutics. Clinical trials of oral immunotherapy (OIT) are strengthened by using standardized peanut preparations with defined doses of major allergens. OBJECTIVE This article describes measurement of Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 in peanut foods and in peanut flour extracts used for allergy diagnosis and OIT. METHODS Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays for Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 were used to compare allergen levels in peanut (n = 16) and tree nut (n = 16) butter, peanut flour (n = 11), oils (n = 8), extracts used for diagnosis and OIT (n = 5), and the National Institute for Standards and Technology Peanut Butter Standard Reference Material 2387. RESULTS Roasted peanut butters contained 991 to 21,406 μg/g Ara h 1 and exceeded Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 levels by 2- to 4-fold. Similarly, National Institute for Standards and Technology Peanut Butter Standard Reference Material 2387 contained 11,275 μg/g Ara h 1, 2,522 μg/g Ara h 2, and 2,036 μg/g Ara h 6. In contrast, peanut flours contained 787 to 14,631 μg/g Ara h 2 and exceeded Ara h 1 levels by 2- to 20-fold. Flour extracts used for OIT contained 394 to 505 μg/mL Ara h 1, 1,187 to 5,270 μg/mL Ara h 2, and 1,104 to 8,092 μg/mL Ara h 6. In most cases specific peanut allergens were not detected in tree nut butters or peanut oils. CONCLUSIONS The results show marked differences in specific peanut allergen profiles in peanut butter and flour and peanut preparations for clinical use. Roasting can increase Ara h 1 levels in peanut butter. Variability in allergen levels could affect the outcome of clinical trials of peanut OIT, especially with respect to Ara h 1. Specific allergen measurements will improve standardization and provide accurate dosing of peanut preparations that are being used for OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva M King
- INDOOR Biotechnologies, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Scott Commins
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Michael Kulis
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian P Vickery
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Zhang W, Zhu Q, Zhang T, Cai Q, Chen Q. Thermal processing effects on peanut allergen Ara h 2 allergenicity in mice and its antigenic epitope structure. Food Chem 2016; 212:657-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Structural insights into the IgE mediated responses induced by the allergens Hev b 8 and Zea m 12 in their dimeric forms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32552. [PMID: 27586352 PMCID: PMC5009318 DOI: 10.1038/srep32552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization of allergens plays an important role in IgE-mediated reactions, as effective crosslinking of IgE- FcεRI complexes on the cell membrane is dependent on the number of exposed B-cell epitopes in a single allergen molecule or on the occurrence of identical epitopes in a symmetrical arrangement. Few studies have attempted to experimentally demonstrate the connection between allergen dimerization and the ability to trigger allergic reactions. Here we studied plant allergenic profilins rHev b 8 (rubber tree) and rZea m 12 (maize) because they represent an important example of cross-reactivity in the latex-pollen-food syndrome. Both allergens in their monomeric and dimeric states were isolated and characterized by exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry and were used in immunological in vitro experiments. Their crystal structures were solved, and for Hev b 8 a disulfide-linked homodimer was found. Comparing the structures we established that the longest loop is relevant for recognition by IgE antibodies, whereas the conserved regions are important for cross-reactivity. We produced a novel monoclonal murine IgE (mAb 2F5), specific for rHev b 8, which was useful to provide evidence that profilin dimerization considerably increases the IgE-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells.
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Angelina A, Sirvent S, Palladino C, Vereda A, Cuesta-Herranz J, Eiwegger T, Rodríguez R, Breiteneder H, Villalba M, Palomares O. The lipid interaction capacity of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1, major mustard and peanut allergens of the cupin superfamily, endorses allergenicity. Allergy 2016; 71:1284-94. [PMID: 26991432 DOI: 10.1111/all.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sin a 2 (11S globulin) and Ara h 1 (7S globulin) are major allergens from yellow mustard seeds and peanut, respectively. The ability of these two allergens to interact with lipid components remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the capacity of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 to interact with lipid components and the potential effects of such interaction in their allergenic capacity. METHODS Spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE binding assays of Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 with different phospholipid vesicles and gastrointestinal and endolysosomal digestions in the presence or absence of lipids were performed. The capacity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) to capture food allergens in the presence or absence of lipids, the induced cytokine signature, and the effect of allergens and lipids to regulate TLR2-L-induced NF-kB/AP-1 activation in THP1 cells were analyzed. RESULTS Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 bind phosphatidylglycerol (PG) acid but not phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles in a pH-dependent manner. The interaction of these two allergens with lipid components confers resistance to gastrointestinal digestion, reduces their uptake by hmoDCs, and enhances their stability to microsomal degradation. Mustard and peanut lipids favor a proinflammatory environment by increasing the IL-4/IL-10 ratio and IL-1β production by hmoDCs. The presence of mustard lipids and PG vesicles inhibits TLR2-L-induced NF-kB/AP-1 activation in THP1 cells. CONCLUSION Sin a 2 and Ara h 1 interact with lipid components, which might well contribute to explain the potent allergenic capacity of these two clinically relevant allergens belonging to the cupin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - C. Palladino
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Vereda
- Servicio de Alergia; Fundación Jiménez Diaz; Madrid Spain
| | | | - T. Eiwegger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Food allergy and Anaphylaxis Program; The Department of Paediatrics; Hospital for Sick Children; The University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - R. Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - H. Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - O. Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Lammi C, Zanoni C, Aiello G, Arnoldi A, Grazioso G. Lupin Peptides Modulate the Protein-Protein Interaction of PCSK9 with the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor in HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29931. [PMID: 27424515 PMCID: PMC4947907 DOI: 10.1038/srep29931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been recently identified as a new useful target for hypercholesterolemia treatment. This work demonstrates that natural peptides, deriving from the hydrolysis of lupin protein and absorbable at intestinal level, are able to inhibit the protein-protein interaction between PCSK9 and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In order to sort out the best potential inhibitors among these peptides, a refined in silico model of the PCSK9/LDLR interaction was developed. Docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and peptide binding energy estimations, by MM-GBSA approach, permitted to select the two best candidates among tested peptides that were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity. The most active was P5 that induced a concentration dependent inhibition of the PCSK9-LDLR binding, with an IC50 value equal to 1.6 ± 0.33 μM. Tested at a 10 μM concentration, this peptide increased by 66 ± 21.4% the ability of HepG2 cells to take up LDL from the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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45
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Gregory JA, Shepley-McTaggart A, Umpierrez M, Hurlburt BK, Maleki SJ, Sampson HA, Mayfield SP, Berin MC. Immunotherapy using algal-produced Ara h 1 core domain suppresses peanut allergy in mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1541-50. [PMID: 26801740 PMCID: PMC5066676 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated adverse reaction to a subset of proteins found in peanuts. Immunotherapy aims to desensitize allergic patients through repeated and escalating exposures for several months to years using extracts or flours. The complex mix of proteins and variability between preparations complicates immunotherapy studies. Moreover, peanut immunotherapy is associated with frequent negative side effects and patients are often at risk of allergic reactions once immunotherapy is discontinued. Allergen-specific approaches using recombinant proteins are an attractive alternative because they allow more precise dosing and the opportunity to engineer proteins with improved safety profiles. We tested whether Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, two major peanut allergens, could be produced using chloroplast of the unicellular eukaryotic alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. C. reinhardtii is novel host for producing allergens that is genetically tractable, inexpensive and easy to grow, and is able to produce more complex proteins than bacterial hosts. Compared to the native proteins, algal-produced Ara h 1 core domain and Ara h 2 have a reduced affinity for IgE from peanut-allergic patients. We further found that immunotherapy using algal-produced Ara h 1 core domain confers protection from peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine model of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Gregory
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Umpierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry K Hurlburt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Soheila J Maleki
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Zhang Y, Lee B, Du WX, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, Grauke LJ, Zhang Y, Wang S, Fan Y, Yi J, McHugh TH. Identification and Characterization of a New Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] Allergen, Car i 2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4146-4151. [PMID: 27128197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The 7S vicilin and 11S legumin seed storage globulins belong to the cupin protein superfamily and are major food allergens in many foods from the "big eight" food allergen groups. Here, for the first time, pecan vicilin was found to be a food allergen. Western blot experiments revealed that 30% of 27 sera used in this study and 24% of the sera from 25 patients with double-blind, placebo controlled clinical pecan allergy contained IgE antibodies specific to pecan vicilin. This allergen consists of a low-complexity region at its N-terminal and a structured domain at the C-terminal that contains two cupin motifs and forms homotrimers. The crystal structure of recombinant pecan vicilin was determined. The refined structure gave R/Rfree values of 0.218/0.262 for all data to 2.65 Å. There were two trimeric biological units in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Pecan vicilin is also a copper protein. These data may facilitate the understanding of the nutritional value and the allergenicity relevance of the copper binding property of seed storage proteins in tree nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - BoRam Lee
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Wen-Xian Du
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Larry J Grauke
- Crop Germplasm Research, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS-SPA , 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tara H McHugh
- Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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47
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Han Y, Lin J, Bardina L, Grishina GA, Lee C, Seo WH, Sampson HA. What Characteristics Confer Proteins the Ability to Induce Allergic Responses? IgE Epitope Mapping and Comparison of the Structure of Soybean 2S Albumins and Ara h 2. Molecules 2016; 21:E622. [PMID: 27187334 PMCID: PMC6273924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ara h 2, a peanut 2S albumin, is associated with severe allergic reactions, but a homologous protein, soybean 2S albumin, is not recognized as an important allergen. Structural difference between these proteins might explain this clinical discrepancy. Therefore, we mapped sequential epitopes and compared the structure of Ara h 2, Soy Al 1, and Soy Al 3 (Gly m 8) to confirm whether structural differences account for the discrepancy in clinical responses to these two proteins. Commercially synthesized peptides covering the full length of Ara h 2 and two soybean 2S albumins were analyzed by peptide microarray. Sera from 10 patients with peanut and soybean allergies and seven non-atopic controls were examined. The majority of epitopes in Ara h 2 identified by microarray are consistent with those identified previously. Several regions in the 2S albumins are weakly recognized by individual sera from different patients. A comparison of allergenic epitopes on peanut and soybean proteins suggests that loop-helix type secondary structures and some amino acids with a large side chain including lone electron pair, such as arginine, glutamine, and tyrosine, makes the peptides highly recognizable by the immune system. By utilizing the peptide microarray assay, we mapped IgE epitopes of Ara h 2 and two soybean 2S albumins. The use of peptide microarray mapping and analysis of the epitope characteristics may provide critical information to access the allergenicity of food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshin Han
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Jing Lin
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ludmilla Bardina
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Galina A Grishina
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Chaeyoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Won Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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48
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Sayers RL, Johnson PE, Marsh JT, Barran P, Brown H, Mills ENC. The effect of thermal processing on the behaviour of peanut allergen peptide targets used in multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry experiments. Analyst 2016; 141:4130-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of processing-stable targets provides important validation when developing targeted mass spectrometry methods for quantifying peanut allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Sayers
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - P. E. Johnson
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - J. T. Marsh
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - P. Barran
- School of Chemistry
- Michael Barber Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - H. Brown
- Campden BRI (Chipping Campden) Limited - part of the Campden BRI group
- Gloucestershire
- UK
| | - E. N. C. Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
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49
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Wilson KA, Tan-Wilson A. Proteolysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 1 by an endogenous aspartic protease. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:301-310. [PMID: 26322854 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The 7S and 11S globulins of peanuts are subjected to proteolysis two days after seed imbibition, with Ara h 1 and the arachin acidic chains being among the first storage proteins to be mobilized. Proteolytic activity was greatest at pH 2.6-3 and is inhibited by pepstatin A, characteristic of an aspartic protease. This activity persists in seedling cotyledons up to at least 8 days after imbibition. In vitro proteolysis of Ara h 1 at pH 2.6 by extracts of cotyledons from seedlings harvested 24 h after seed imbibition generates newly appearing bands on SDS-PAGE. Partial sequences of Ara h 1 that were obtained through LC-MS/MS analysis of in-gel trypsin digests of those bands, combined with information on fragment size, suggest that proteolysis begins in the region that links the two cupin domains to produce two 33/34 kD fragments, each one encompassing an intact cupin domain. The later appearance of two 18 and 10/11 kD fragments can be explained by proteolysis within an exposed site in the cupin domains of each of the 33/34 kD fragments. The same or similar proteolytic activity was observed in developing seeds, but Ara h 1 remains intact through seed maturation. This is partly explained by the observation that acidification of the protein storage vacuoles, demonstrated by vacuolar accumulation of acridine orange that was dissipated by a membrane-permeable base, occurs only after germination. These findings suggest a method for use of the seed aspartic protease in reducing peanut allergy due to Ara h 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Anna Tan-Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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50
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Saha B, Sircar G, Pandey N, Gupta Bhattacharya S. Mining Novel Allergens from Coconut Pollen Employing Manual De Novo Sequencing and Homology-Driven Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4823-33. [PMID: 26426307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coconut pollen, one of the major palm pollen grains is an important constituent among vectors of inhalant allergens in India and a major sensitizer for respiratory allergy in susceptible patients. To gain insight into its allergenic components, pollen proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotted with coconut pollen sensitive patient sera, followed by mass spectrometry of IgE reactive proteins. Coconut being largely unsequenced, a proteomic workflow has been devised that combines the conventional database-dependent analysis of tandem mass spectral data and manual de novo sequencing followed by a homology-based search for identifying the allergenic proteins. N-terminal acetylation helped to distinguish "b" ions from others, facilitating reliable sequencing. This led to the identification of 12 allergenic proteins. Cluster analysis with individual patient sera recognized vicilin-like protein as a major allergen, which was purified to assess its in vitro allergenicity and then partially sequenced. Other IgE-sensitive spots showed significant homology with well-known allergenic proteins such as 11S globulin, enolase, and isoflavone reductase along with a few which are reported as novel allergens. The allergens identified can be used as potential candidates to develop hypoallergenic vaccines, to design specific immunotherapy trials, and to enrich the repertoire of existing IgE reactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisattwa Saha
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute , 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurab Sircar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute , 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Naren Pandey
- Department of Allergy and Asthma, Belle View Clinic , 9, Dr U.N. Brahmachari Street, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal, India
| | - Swati Gupta Bhattacharya
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute , 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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