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Kalaiarasi G, Dharani S, Rajkumar SRJ, Kaminsky W, Prabhakaran R. Synthesis, spectroscopic/electrochemical characterization, DNA/Protein binding studies and bioactivity assays of Ru(II) carbonyl complexes of 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Wu W, Zhong W, Lang B, Hu Z, He J, Tang X. Thrombopoietin could protect cerebral tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing NF-κB and MMP-9 expression in rats. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1341-1348. [PMID: 30275761 PMCID: PMC6158660 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the neuroprotective effects and underpinning mechanisms of thrombopoietin (TPO), Matrix Metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods: Male rats underwent 2 hours of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. PBS or TPO (0.1ug/kg) was administered from caudal vein before reperfusion. Neurologic deficits, brain edema, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, NF-κB and MMP-9 expression were subsequently examined. Results: Ischemia-reperfusion injury produced a large area of edema. TPO significantly reduced edema and alleviated neurologic deficits after ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemia-induced increases of NF-κB, MMP-9 and Evans blue extravasation were reduced by TPO intervention. Conclusion: TPO improved neurological function and ameliorated brain edema after stroke, partly by reducing the ischemia-induced increase of NF-κB and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bing Lang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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3
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Li Y, Wang X, Ren J, Lan X, Li J, Yi J, Liu L, Han Y, Zhang S, Li D, Lu S. Identification and application of anti-inflammatory compounds screening system based on RAW264.7 cells stably expressing NF-κB-dependent SEAP reporter gene. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:5. [PMID: 28095903 PMCID: PMC5242024 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-κB is one of the key transcription factors in the inflammatory response, transactivates a series of pro-inflammatory genes and is therefore regarded as an important target for anti-inflammatory drug screening. METHOD We recombined the reporter gene vector with inserting the "neo" transcript into the vector pNF-κB-SEAP, made the reporter gene vector stable in a eukaryotic cell line. The recombinant reporter gene vector we named pNF-κB-SEAP-Neo was transfected into RAW264.7. We selected the transfected RAW264.7 cell line with G418 for 15 days and then get RAW264.7 cells stably expressing NF-κB-dependent SEAP named as RAW264.7-pNF-κB-SEAP cells. We treated the RAW264.7-pNF-κB-SEAP cells with NF-κB agonists as LPS, PolyI:C and TNF-α, NF-κB inhibitor as PDTC and BAY117085, in different concentrations and time points and tested the expression of the SEAP, constructed the drug screening system on the base of the RAW264.7-pNF-κB-SEAP cell line. 130 chemicals were screened with the drug screening system we constructed and one of these chemicals numbered w10 was found could inhibit the NF-κB significantly. At last, we verified the inhibition of w10 to expression of genes promoted with NF-κB in HepG2 and Hela, and to migration of Hela. RESULT In this study, we established a drug screening system based on RAW264.7 cells that stably expressed the NF-κB-dependent, SEAP reporter gene. To develop a standard method for drug screening using this reporter-gene cell line, the test approach of SEAP was optimized and basic conditions for drug screening were chosen. This included the initial cell number inoculated in a 96-well plate, the optimum agonist, inhibitor of NF-κB pathway and their concentrations during screening. Subsequently, 130 newly synthesized compounds were screened using the stable reporter-gene cell line. The anti-inflammatory effects of the candidate compounds obtained were further verified in 2 cancer cell lines. The results indicated that compound W10 (methyl 4-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-ylcarbamoyl) phenylcarbamoyl) benzoate) significantly inhibited SEAP production under the screening conditions. Further results confirmed that the precursor compound significantly inhibited the transcription of NF-κB target genes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, RAW264.7 cells, stably expressing the NF-κB-dependent SEAP-reporter gene, may provide a new, feasible, and efficient cellular drug-screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanqi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ko JH, Ho Baek S, Nam D, Chung WS, Lee SG, Lee J, Mo Yang W, Um JY, Seok Ahn K. 3-Formylchromone inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by abrogating STAT3 signaling through the induction of PIAS3. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:334-43. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1203928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Seo KH, Park MJ, Ra JE, Han SI, Nam MH, Kim JH, Lee JH, Seo WD. Saponarin from barley sprouts inhibits NF-κB and MAPK on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct 2015; 5:3005-13. [PMID: 25238253 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saponarin (SA), a natural flavonoid, is known for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. SA is the predominant compound (1142.7 ± 0.9 mg per 100 g) in barley sprouts, constituting 72% of the total polyphenol content. We investigated, for the first time, the effects of SA from barley sprouts on cellular anti-inflammatory responses. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, SA suppressed the activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by the inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding, nuclear translocation, IκBα phosphorylation, and reporter gene expression, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator IL-6. Furthermore, SA reduced the transcription of NF-κB target molecules COX2 and FLIP inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and p38. These results suggest that SA isolated from barley sprouts exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, ERK and p38 signaling. Thus, SA may be a promising natural anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Seo
- Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Niu M, Shen Y, Xu X, Yao Y, Fu C, Yan Z, Wu Q, Cao J, Sang W, Zeng L, Li Z, Liu X, Xu K. Piperlongumine selectively suppresses ABC-DLBCL through inhibition of NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear import. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:326-31. [PMID: 25979358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive NF-κB activation is required for survival of activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). However, current NF-κB targeting strategies lack cancer cell specificity. Here, we identified a novel inhibitor, piperlongumine, features direct binding to NF-κB p65 subunit and suppression of p65 nuclear import. This was accompanied by NF-κB reporter activity suppression and NF-κB target gene downregulation. Moreover, mutation of Cys(38) to Ser in p65 abolished this effect of piperlongumine on inhibition of p65 nuclear import. Furthermore, we show that piperlongumine selectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of ABC-DLBCL cells. Most notably, it has been reported that piperlongumine did not affect normal cells even at high doses and was nontoxic to animals. Hence, our current study provides new insight into piperlongumine's mechanism of action and novel approach to ABC-DLBCL target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangling Shen
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Han JG, Gupta SC, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Piperlongumine chemosensitizes tumor cells through interaction with cysteine 179 of IκBα kinase, leading to suppression of NF-κB-regulated gene products. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2422-35. [PMID: 25082961 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two different reports appeared in prominent journals suggesting a mechanism by which piperlongumine, a pyridine alkaloid, mediates anticancer effects. In the current report, we describe another novel mechanism by which this alkaloid mediates its anticancer effects. We found that piperlongumine blocked NF-κB activated by TNFα and various other cancer promoters. This downregulation was accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Further investigation revealed that this pyridine alkaloid directly interacts with IκBα kinase (IKK) and inhibits its activity. Inhibition of IKK occurred through interaction with its cysteine 179 as the mutation of this residue to alanine abolished the activity of piperlongumine. Inhibition in NF-κB activity downregulated the expression of proteins involved in cell survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, survivin), proliferation (c-Myc, cyclin D1), inflammation (COX-2, IL6), and invasion (ICAM-1, -9, CXCR-4, VEGF). Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which piperlongumine can exhibit antitumor activity through downmodulation of proinflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gang Han
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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8
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Withaferin A inhibits NF-kappaB activation by targeting cysteine 179 in IKKβ. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:501-9. [PMID: 25159986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is one of the main players involved in inflammatory responses during which NF-κB becomes rapidly activated. However to maintain homeostasis, this NF-κB activation profile is only transient. Nevertheless deregulation of NF-κB activity is often observed and can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. Therefore various research projects focus on the development of therapeutics that target the NF-κB activation pathway. One such compound is Withaferin A from the Ayurvedic plant Withania somnifera. Several reports already described the NF-κB inhibiting, anti-inflammatory capacity of WA, either in vitro as well as in vivo. However the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this paper we demonstrate a direct interaction of WA with the IKK-complex, more specifically with IKKβ, a kinase which is indispensable for the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Hereby WA directly inhibits IKK catalytic activity. By mutation of Cys179 in IKKβ we could demonstrate loss of interaction between IKKβ and WA indicating that WA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the crucial Cys179 residue located in the catalytic site of IKKβ. Upon docking of WA to a IKKβ homology structure model, WA was found to fit nicely into the groove of IKKβ where it can form hydrogen bond to stabilize its interaction with Cys179.
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9
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Pal S, Bhattacharjee A, Ali A, Mandal NC, Mandal SC, Pal M. Chronic inflammation and cancer: potential chemoprevention through nuclear factor kappa B and p53 mutual antagonism. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 25152696 PMCID: PMC4142057 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB) as a mechanism of host defense against infection and stress is the central mediator of inflammatory responses. A normal (acute) inflammatory response is activated on urgent basis and is auto-regulated. Chronic inflammation that results due to failure in the regulatory mechanism, however, is largely considered as a critical determinant in the initiation and progression of various forms of cancer. Mechanistically, NF- κB favors this process by inducing various genes responsible for cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion while at the same time antagonizing growth regulators including tumor suppressor p53. It has been shown by various independent investigations that a down regulation of NF- κB activity directly, or indirectly through the activation of the p53 pathway reduces tumor growth substantially. Therefore, there is a huge effort driven by many laboratories to understand the NF- κB signaling pathways to intervene the function of this crucial player in inflammation and tumorigenesis in order to find an effective inhibitor directly, or through the p53 tumor suppressor. We discuss here on the role of NF- κB in chronic inflammation and cancer, highlighting mutual antagonism between NF- κB and p53 pathways in the process. We also discuss prospective pharmacological modulators of these two pathways, including those that were already tested to affect this mutual antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Pal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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10
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Ilamathi M, Senthilkumar S, Prabu P, Panchapakesan S, Sivaramakrishnan V. Formylchromone exhibits salubrious effects against nitrosodiethylamine mediated early hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Additive effects of EGF and IL-1β regulate tumor cell migration and invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma via activation of ERK1/2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:291-301. [PMID: 24789460 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and inflammatory factors are associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); however, the additive effects of growth and inflammatory factors in GA remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL-1β) to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in GA cells, and correlated the relationships between their roles with the metastatic potential both in GA cells and GA tissues. The effects of EGF, IL-1β and EGF plus IL-1β in AGS and MKN-45 GA cells were examined using western blotting, Transwell migration and invasion assays, immunocytochemical staining and an activator protein (AP)-1 luciferase reporter gene assay, and was further characterized in GA tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results exhibited that EGF and IL-1β additively activated ERK1/2, increased migration and invasion than either EGF or IL-1β alone in AGS and MKN-45 cells. The mechanisms were involved in upregulating MMP-9 expression through increasing AP-1 transcriptional activity via ERK1/2 pathway; these effects were dose-dependently inhibited by silencing ERK1/2 or using U0126. In vivo data also confirmed that the overexpression of p-ERK1/2 in GA tissues correlated well with the EGF, IL-1β, EGF plus IL-1β, and was associated with metastasis, which was well correlation with the expression of MMP-9 and c-fos (AP-1). The results demonstrate that growth and inflammatory factors play an important role in metastasis of GA by additively activating ERK-1/2 and AP-1, and upregulating MMP-9. As both cytokines contribute to the migration and invasion of GA cells, EGF/IL-1β/ERK1/2 pathways may be key pathways closely associated with GA progression.
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Panini P, Venugopala KN, Odhav B, Chopra D. Quantitative Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions in 7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one and Its Hydrate. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-014-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Gaspar A, Matos MJ, Garrido J, Uriarte E, Borges F. Chromone: A Valid Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4960-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400265z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria João Matos
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Du J, Huang Y, Yan H, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Zhu M, Liu J, Chen SX, Bu D, Tang C, Jin H. Hydrogen sulfide suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 generation from macrophages via the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9741-53. [PMID: 24550391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the generation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) from macrophages and possible mechanisms. THP-1 cells and RAW macrophages were pretreated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and hexyl acrylate and then treated with ox-LDL. The results showed that ox-LDL treatment down-regulated the H2S/cystathionine-β-synthase pathway, with increased MCP-1 protein and mRNA expression in both THP-1 cells and RAW macrophages. Hexyl acrylate promoted ox-LDL-induced inflammation, whereas the H2S donor NaHS inhibited it. NaHS markedly suppressed NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the MCP-1 promoter in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Furthermore, NaHS decreased the ratio of free thiol groups in p65, whereas the thiol reductant DTT reversed the inhibiting effect of H2S on the p65 DNA binding activity. Most importantly, site-specific mutation of cysteine 38 to serine in p65 abolished the effect of H2S on the sulfhydration of NF-κB and ox-LDL-induced NF-κB activation. These results suggested that endogenous H2S inhibited ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation by suppressing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the MCP-1 promoter. The sulfhydration of free thiol group on cysteine 38 in p65 served as a molecular mechanism by which H2S inhibited NF-κB pathway activation in ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Du
- From the Department of Pediatrics and
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Finlay D, Vamos M, González-López M, Ardecky RJ, Ganji SR, Yuan H, Su Y, Cooley TR, Hauser CT, Welsh K, Reed JC, Cosford NDP, Vuori K. Small-molecule IAP antagonists sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis: roles of XIAP and cIAPs. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:5-15. [PMID: 24194568 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent because it shows apoptosis-inducing activity in transformed, but not in normal, cells. As with most anticancer agents, however, its clinical use is restricted by either inherent or acquired resistance by cancer cells. We demonstrate here that small-molecule SMAC mimetics that antagonize the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) potently sensitize previously resistant human cancer cell lines, but not normal cells, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and that they do so in a caspase-8-dependent manner. We further show that the compounds have no cytotoxicity as single agents. Also, we demonstrate that several IAP family members likely participate in the modulation of cellular sensitivity to TRAIL. Finally, we note that the compounds that sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL are the most efficacious in binding to X-linked IAP, and in inducing cellular-IAP (cIAP)-1 and cIAP-2 degradation. Our studies thus describe valuable compounds that allow elucidation of the signaling events occurring in TRAIL resistance, and demonstrate that these agents act as potent TRAIL-sensitizing agents in a variety of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Finlay
- Corresponding Author: Kristiina Vuori, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037.
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Pharmacological inactivation of Skp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase restricts cancer stem cell traits and cancer progression. Cell 2013; 154:556-68. [PMID: 23911321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Skp2 E3 ligase is overexpressed in numerous human cancers and plays a critical role in cell-cycle progression, senescence, metabolism, cancer progression, and metastasis. In the present study, we identified a specific Skp2 inhibitor using high-throughput in silico screening of large and diverse chemical libraries. This Skp2 inhibitor selectively suppresses Skp2 E3 ligase activity, but not activity of other SCF complexes. It also phenocopies the effects observed upon genetic Skp2 deficiency, such as suppressing survival and Akt-mediated glycolysis and triggering p53-independent cellular senescence. Strikingly, we discovered a critical function of Skp2 in positively regulating cancer stem cell populations and self-renewal ability through genetic and pharmacological approaches. Notably, Skp2 inhibitor exhibits potent antitumor activities in multiple animal models and cooperates with chemotherapeutic agents to reduce cancer cell survival. Our study thus provides pharmacological evidence that Skp2 is a promising target for restricting cancer stem cell and cancer progression.
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Jeong JB, Choi J, Baek SJ, Lee SH. Reactive oxygen species mediate tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 537:168-75. [PMID: 23896517 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown substantial evidences that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert anticancer effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tolfenamic acid (TA) is one of the traditional NSAIDs widely used for treatment of migraine. TA has anti-cancer activities in several human cancer models. In this study, we report that generation of ROS by TA leads to apoptosis through modulation of several pathways in human colorectal cancer cells. TA induced rapid generation of intracellular ROS and led to an increase of phosphorylation of H2AX, a tail moment of comet and distribution of fragmented genomic DNA traces. Treatment of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abolished TA-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and apoptosis. Treatment of TA resulted in an increase of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity through inhibitor of kappa B (IκB-α) degradation and subsequent p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, TA increased apoptosis-inducing activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression. However, the treatment of NAC abolished TA-mediated NF-κB activation and ATF3 expression and chemical inhibition of NF-κB or knockdown of p65 significantly attenuated TA-induced ATF3 expression. Our finding indicates that ROS-mediated DNA damage and subsequent activation of NF-κB and ATF3 expression plays a significant role in TA-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Weng H, Deng Y, Xie Y, Liu H, Gong F. Expression and significance of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:311. [PMID: 23803172 PMCID: PMC3697986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA binding protein located in nucleus. It is released into extracellular fluid where it acts as a novel proinflammatory cytokine which interacts with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This sequence of events is involved in tumor growth and progression. However, the effects of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB on epidermal tumors remain unclear. Methods Human epidermal tumor specimens were obtained from 96 patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in human epidermal tumor and normal skin specimens. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 in epithelial cell nuclei in human epidermal tumor and normal tissues. Results Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis indicated a progressive but statistically significant increase in p65 expression in epithelial nuclei in benign seborrheic keratosis (SK), precancerous lesions (PCL), low malignancy basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and high malignancy squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P <0.01). The level of extracellular HMGB1 in SK was significantly higher than in normal skin (NS) (P <0.01), and was higher than in SCC but without statistical significance. The level of TLR4 on epithelial membranes of SCC cells was significantly higher than in SK, PCL, BCC and NS (P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between p65 expression in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 expression on the epithelial cell membranes (r = 0.3212, P <0.01). Conclusions These findings indicate that inflammation is intensified in parallel with increasing malignancy. They also indicate that the TLR4 signaling pathway, rather than HMGB1, may be the principal mediator of inflammation in high-grade malignant epidermal tumors. Combined detection of p65 in the epithelial nuclei and TLR4 on the epithelial membranes may assist the accurate diagnosis of malignant epidermal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Weng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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Bravo-Cuellar A, Hernández-Flores G, Lerma-Díaz JM, Domínguez-Rodríguez JR, Jave-Suárez LF, De Célis-Carrillo R, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Gómez-Lomeli P, Ortiz-Lazareno PC. Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:13. [PMID: 23445492 PMCID: PMC3618339 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Oncology, the resistance of the cancerous cells to chemotherapy continues to be the principal limitation. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays an important role in tumor escape and resistance to chemotherapy and this factor regulates several pathways that promote tumor survival including some antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. In this study, we investigated, in U937 human leukemia cells, the effects of PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor, drugs that can disrupt the NF-κB pathway. For this, we evaluated viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, caspases-3, -8, -9, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, p65 phosphorylation, and the modification in the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes, and the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL antiapoptotic proteins. Results The two drugs affect the viability of the leukemia cells in a time-dependent manner. The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells. In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-κB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. We also observed, with a combination of these drugs overexpression of a group of the proapoptotic genes BAX, DIABLO, and FAS while the genes BCL-XL, MCL-1, survivin, IκB, and P65 were downregulated. Conclusions The two drugs used induce apoptosis per se, this cytotoxicity was greater with combination of both drugs. These observations are related with the caspases -9, -3 cleavage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in p65 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. As well as this combination of drugs promotes the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. These observations strongly confirm antileukemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col, Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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